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made, and in View of that it appeared to the Tribunal to be a matter of comment upon the document, and if you have got an opportunity to put the document to the witness yourself or to comment upon the document, you have got a full opportunity to deal with it. DR. SERVATIUS: Then I would also be permitted, if necessary,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 25,200 | 25,700 |
May I call your attention to Number 2 which says, "Fliers are to be arrested immediately and, before all, restarting or destruction of the plane is to be prevented," and Number 4 says, "Enemy parachutists are likewise to be arrested and made harmless.1 Does not the use of the term "likewise" show that the order is conc... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 25,650 | 26,150 |
from what source did he get the money to pay them? KAUFMANN: From the contributions of members of the Movement. THE PRESIDENT: The funds of the Party were kept separate, were they? KAUFMANN: The Reich Treasurer's financial administration was completely separate. THE PRESIDENT: Were the accounts of the Party published? ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 26,100 | 26,600 |
social and technical, offices, such as the Kreis peasant leader, the Obmann of the DAF (German Labor Front), the head of the NSV, the head of the office for -educators, and the head of the office for civil servants. DR. SERVATIUS: Did the members of the Kreisleitung when appointed become members of the Corps of Politic... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 26,550 | 27,050 |
that time? MEYER-WENDEBORN: I received no instructions, and was faced with the accomplished fact. In agreement with the Landrat I immediately freed Jews who had been arrested, and subsequently I received strict instructions from my Gauleiter not to allow Political Leaders or Party members to take part in these things i... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 27,000 | 27,500 |
I did ask for reports on the feeling of the people with regard to measures taken by the State and the Party. DR. SERVATIUS: And what was the purpose of these reports? MEYER-WENDEBORN: We wanted to know what effect the new laws and directives would have on the mass of the people. DR. SERVATIUS: How did you receive your ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 27,450 | 27,950 |
what reason were you given? MEYER-WENDEBORN: I was told to get permission through the RSHA. I asked the Gauleitung to do that because I was not permitted to contact the RSHA personally. The Gauleitung then advised against it, because it would be very complicated. DR. SERVATIUS: Do you know whether the RSHA was the comp... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 27,900 | 28,400 |
SERVATIUS: Then how do you explain the incidents which actually happened, for example, in connection with the Church question and the Jewish question? MEYER-WENDEBORN: We never knew of the whole extent of these things; we heard very little. It did happen that one man or another who had not forgotten some-experience fro... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 28,350 | 28,824 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20 One Hundred Ninetieth Day Volu... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 0 | 500 |
which I was intending to deal is the action taken by the Leadership Corps in connection with elections, and I would refer the Tribunal to Document D-34 which will become Exhibit GB-540. I understand the Tribunal has copies of that document. That is a letter from the NSDAP District Memel, dated 26 May 1936 and addressed... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 450 | 950 |
I go on: "The tremendous responsibility which the Stuetzpunktleiter have, in particular with regard to this report, is stressed once more. The Stuetzpunktleiter must have no doubts as to the possible consequences for the persons listed in their report. Special attention should be paid as to whether the persons who impa... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 900 | 1,400 |
Those special men who provided them with advice and information are the Zellen- and Blockleiter, are they not? MEYER-WENDEBORN: No, they are not. LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: Very well. Well, we will leave that. The next heading is "Protestantism." I again draw attention to Paragraph 2 under that heading: "Was any attitude... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
in a voting center on Sunday morning and deposited their votes after both had been advised of their duty to vote by the Police in Griefstedt and had been threatened with the removal of their child in case of nonparticipation. My Lord, the next document, still on the same subject, is D-902, which will become Exhibit GB-... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
in criminal proceedings because of them, recorded his vote. To be sure, this was probably exclusively for fear of renewed arrest." My Lord, the other portion of that document that I referred to is on Page 11, where there is shown an extract from the local newspaper recording the united German vote, which has been obtai... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
that particular subject now. The other subject on which I had intended to cross-examine this witness is euthanasia, or merc y killing, and the part the Political Leaders played in those matters. My Lord, this is a new document, D-906, which becomes Exhibit GB-543. I would refer first of all to the second of the three d... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
the directives of this company, which was in possession of the list of names." In this way three transports with a total number of 370 patients were in the meantime transferred to Sonnenstein near Pirna and to the Linz district. It goes on: "A further transport - is to leave in January of next year. The head of the ins... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
the large paragraph, toward the end: "The doctor also informed me that it was well known that the commission consisted of one SS doctor and several subordinate doctors." My Lord, the next document is on Page 10, Number 12, where we have a protest, or rather, an inquiry about the death of a relative. It is from a Mrs. M... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
this on that evidence, Witness. In view of the documents that you have seen, did you yourself ever have any knowledge of this so-called mercy killing that was going on? MEYER-WENDEBORN: Once I heard a rumor that somewhere in southern Germany mental patients were being done away with. Thereupon, as was my duty, I immedi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
office. It is addressed to all consultants and Stuetzpunktleiter (base or operational point leaders). The prosecutor said that the Stuetzpunkt, which is here referred to, is a Party agency. Is this opinion correct if you read that the letter is addressed to all consultants and Stuetzpunktleiter and is a letter of the S... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
SERVATIUS: And there you were also mayor from 1933 on? WEGSCHEIDER: Yes. DR. SERVATIUS: You were a blacksmith and veterinary at the same time? VVEGSCHEIDER: Yes. DR.SERVATIUS: And, as such, you moved about a great deal in Allädu? WEGSCHEIDER: Yes. DR.SERVATIUS: Did you then have insight into conditions in the other Or... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
Hoheitsträger. DR. SERVATIUS: Why did you enter the Party and when did you take over your office as Ortsgruppenleiter? WEGSCHEIDER: In 1929 I believe. In the following years of 1930, '31, and '32, as I was a blacksmith by profession and as I had very close contact with the peasants, I saw with my own eyes how German a... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
the firm conviction that this could be achieved by peaceful means. DR. SERVATIUS: Did not the Political Leaders also see that a large rearmament program was in progress? WEGSCHEIDER: We in the country saw but little of the rearmament. Only at a Reichsparteitag-I do not recall the exact year-did we see that there were s... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
Dachau for some months, as it was not possible for her to cultivate her large vegetable garden ... DR.SERVATIUS: You need not give us the details. Just tell us what steps you took and what information you gave. WEGSCHEIDER: I made an application and for several months heard nothing more about it. DR. SERVATIUS: Was the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
was a letter of Bormann and Goebbels which gave directives over the radio and through the press. Did you learn of such directives from the Kreisleiter? WEGSCHEIDER: Directives of that sort never reached my hands. DR. SERVATIUS: Did aviators make emergency landings in your territory and were they lynched? WEGSCHEIDER: N... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
one heard among the farmers about the Party in the Reich were such that one would have liked to deviate from certain points, especially during the war? WEGSCHEIDER: No, I never noticed anything of that sort, for we on the land all believed in the Fuehrer's love of peace, for we knew that Hitler had lived through the ho... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
his Kreisleiter and keep his Kreisleiter informed and who was continually conferring with his Kreisleiter, would never have drawn his Kreisleiter's attention to the instructions he had received about foreign labor? WEGSCHEIDER: I must mention that I still hear very poorly. LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: But I am sure you can... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
the witness.] I just want to put one new document to you. Will you look at Document D-894? That is a report from a Kreis leadership dated 23 September 1944, subject:, Foreigners. Polish youth in the Kali mining area, which has always shown an endeavor to stick particularly closely together, is being watched with especi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
of the years I familiarized myself with the various points of the Party program. THE TRIBUNAL (Gen. Nikitchenko): And did you completely agree with the program, the tasks, and aims of the Party? WEGSCHEIDER: Well, perhaps not 100 percent on all points, but an the whole we have seen here that Hitler ... THE TRIBUNAL (Ge... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
I have already mentioned, that in the summer they had to be at home at 9 o'clock in the evening, and in the winter at 8 o'clock. Any other restrictions were not imposed on them, for when I was mayor I received directives from the Landrat to designate a special inn in the community, where the Polish and Ukrainian farm W... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
PRESIDENT: Will you repeat this oath after me: I swear by God-the Almighty and Omniscient-that I will speak the pure truth-and will withhold and add nothing. IThe witness repeated the oath.] THE PRESIDENT: You may sit down., DR. SERVATIUS: Witness, when were you born? HIRT: On 25 June 1896. DR. SERVATIUS: You are at li... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
burdened in his main occupation. DR. SERVATIUS: Were not political reasons often the cause for refusal? HIRT: Yes, a large part of the people who were supposed to take over an office like that were less and less in agreement with various measures taken by the Party and especially measures taken during the war. DR. SERV... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
in any event, could not consider himself a Hoheitsträger, for he had no political authority to issue orders. In our opinion, a Hoheitstrdger started with the Ortsgruppenleiter. DR. SERVATIUS: Conversations took place with the Ortsgruppenleiter. Did the Blockleiter receive directives at these conferences for the combat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
politically, is absolutely unknown to me. DR. SERVATIUS: Did the Blockleiter have police authority? HIRT: In no wise. DR. SERVATIUS: For what reasons did the Political Leaders in general join the Party? HIRT: Well, at the assumption of power by the Party, there was widespread unemployment in Germany, which could be all... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
It is not intended that the closing speeches should deal at length with the documents. When offering the documents, or during the examination of witnesses, or at the conclusion of the evidence, as counsel prefers, he may make brief references to the documents to explain their nature and the points to which they refer. ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
the purpose is as a basis for statistical inquiries and, combined with the entries on the back of the card index of households, for the political judgment of the members of a household. Then a few lines farther on, the information contained on them must enable the Ortsgruppenleiter to give at any, moment a judgment of ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
attention to the fact that the document begins with the following phrase: "...with the instruction to inform at once all the Blockfuehrer, down to the last one, at the next roll call." The document is signed by the Kreisfuehrer. Point Number 1 of this document states as follows: "In the course of my tours of inspection... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
"When not only the outward appearances, such as official signs, official language and inscriptions are German, but when also all the young people will speak German, and when in the family circle the Slovene language is replaced by German-only then will we be able to, speak of the Germanization of the Upper Kranj." Fina... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
executive officer of the Gau who was responsible for that, and it was certainly an exaggerated interpretation of the situation on their part. DR. SERVATIUS: The next letter was a letter from the Styrian Heimatbund of Pettau dated 30 April 1942. It was addressed to an Ortsgruppenfuehrer and came from the Kreisfuehrer. I... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
Almighty and Omniscient-that I will tell the pure truth-and will withhold and add nothing. [The witness repeated the oath.] THE PRESIDENT: You may sit down. DR. SERVATIUS: Witness, when were you born? HUPFAUER: On 17 July 1906. DR. SERVATIUS: You were for 8 years, from 1936 to 1944, a Political Leader in the supreme of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
not on the staff? HUPFAUER: The Political Leaders who were not on the Party staff had the same duties as those who were on the Party staff, that is, social-political and technical tasks. DR. SERVATIUS: All persons holding office in the DAF, the functionaries, were called Amtswalter, is that correct? HUPFAUER: Yes. DR.S... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
up in the Party. They had no duties of political leadership, but as leaders of organizations they had to look after the interests of their members. DR. SERVATIUS: Were these also Political Leaders within this specialized formation who were not active in the Party agencies, for example, in the NSV? HUPFAUER: There also ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
served the following purposes: In the first place, in order to carry out economic reconstruction without interference and to regulate the labor market it was necessary to avoid any trouble through labor struggles which might interfere with social economy, such as strikes and lockouts. It was, therefore, necessary to fi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
Ley made this statement at a Party rally here in Nuremberg in a report on the achievement of the German Labor Front. He wanted thereby to emphasize that he was interested in having this confiscation of the funds sanctioned legally, a confiscation which had been carried out through political action. In the same speech h... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
perform this duty? HUPFAUER: The conditions were particularly difficult during the war, especially in those districts which were the targets of enemy bombers. I may, however, state that the German Labor Front did everything humanly possible to care for these workers. DR. SERVATIUS: During the severe air raids on the Ru... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
there. Conditions were difficult at Krupp's. In spite of that, these circumstances cannot be applied to all camps. If Dr. Jäger points out that for weeks, rain poured into one particular hut, then I can only say that in the city of Essen rain poured for weeks into thousands of houses, and the people who had any shelte... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
to go into all these details? DR. SERVATIUS: Mr. President, it is only because the witness was repeatedly asked this question by the Commission, that I also wanted to present it to the Court. I do not see what special interest the Prosecution has in this question, but it. was repeated many times. I shall now proceed wi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
instructions from your DAF superior, you were also subordinate, were you not, to the Hoheitsträger to whose staff you belonged, for all matters of discipline and matters connected with the Party? HUPFAUER: If one was a Political Leader, of course, he was subject to Party discipline, and he was concerned only with thos... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
offices or works managers. It is an original German document and it refers to a discussion which that gentleman had with three members of the DAF in connection with the food which he was trying to get for the starving Russian prisoners of war and Russian laborers. My Lord, the Tribunal, I know, will stop me if it is fa... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
I do not have the documents here now and they have not yet been translated, so that they are not yet before the Tribunal. I would suggest first of all that all the witnesses be examined and by that time the documents will be ready and I will then submit them. THE PRESIDENT: We have the books ourselves. DR. SERVATIUS: I... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
1 to 85, which I should also like to offer in evidence. The three records of the Commission sessions in which these affidavits were discussed I shall submit later, as soon as I have them. Further, I have still about 1,500 affidavits to submit which I would like to hand over in one collective affidavit. As the summary h... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
entirely new? BEST: No, they were brought about through the regrouping and reorganization of the political police systems which already existed. DR. MERKEL: How was this done? BEST: Through the orders or decrees of the state governments concerned. DR. MERKEL: For what reasons were these new authorities created by the s... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
MERKEL: Did the NSDAP establish a political police anywhere in the German Reich? BEST: No, nowhere. DR. MERKEL: Was there anywhere an establishment or an organization of the Party taken over by the State as a political police system? BEST: No, nowhere. DR. MERKEL: Were the political police posts of the German states oc... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
a refusal? BEST: Disciplinary action, with the result that they would have been dismissed from office, with the loss of their acquired rights, for instance, their right to a pension. DR. MERKEL: Do you know of any such refusal? BEST: No, I have not heard of any. DR. MERKEL: Was the political police completely separated... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
expose them through agents or by similar means. DR. MERKEL: If the Gestapo did not have its own information services. how did arrests and other measures come about against people who had made subversive political statements or the like? BEST: It is not true, as it often has been and still is being asserted, that the Ge... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
records nor with any executive measures. DR. MERKEL: Could they receive knowledge about the executive tasks in any other way? BEST: No. That was almost impossible, for each official was bound to keep the matters which he dealt with secret, which by the way was a traditional practice of the police. Individual cases bein... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
"green border," that is, all the borders and the crossing points; at the border points where no Border Police was stationed it took over the tasks of the Border Police, DR. MERKEL: Beyond the executive and the administrative officials, were there other categories of Gestapo members? BEST: Yes; there were technical offi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
the officials of the Gestapo to carry through their tasks along political lines? BEST: No; it would have been most undesirable if a minor executive official, such as a Criminal Police assistant, used political judgment in the course of his duty and took his own political decisions. The executive official was to act onl... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
you the opportunity of bringing out any particularly important points. We do not want you to go through the whole thing over again. DR. MERKEL: Yes, indeed, Mr. President. [Turning to the witness.] What is meant by the co-ordination of the Gestapo officials with the SS? BEST: That meant that the official, because he wa... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
Now, did not the Gestapo also carry out actions which were not demanded of it through the general police directives? BEST: As far as the Gestapo had to carry out actions which were not provided for in their general instructions, they were an instrument for the carrying out of matters which were alien to the Police sphe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
war? BEST: No. On the one hand they were not prepared with regard to material. They especially lacked arms, vehicles, and signal material, et cetera, for use in occupied territories. There was, on the other hand, no possibility of calling in police reserves, a possibility which the regular police had. The whole work of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
were ordered to carry out by the central agencies, measures which would have led to a severe treatment of the local population. For instance, they were against the application of the "Night and Fog Decree," against the application of the "Bullet Decree," and against the Commando Decree, and they rejected and fought aga... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
carry out these decrees until 1942, was himself strongly against these measures, and General Oito von Stuelpnagel, because of his conflicts with the Fuehrer's headquarters, had a nervous breakdown and had to leave the service. Also the new Higher SS and Police Leader, Oberg, when taking over office, assured me that he ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
started from the National Socialist conception of the State and from the development of State laws at that time in Germany. When after 1933 the legislative power was transferred to the Government, it gradually became customary law of the State that the will of the head of the State automatically established law. This p... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
quite right in my warning. DR. MERKEL: But if the members of the Gestapo had recognized the orders which they received as criminal, how would you judge their actions then? BEST: In that case I have to state that they have acted in an express state of emergency, for during the war the entire Police was subject to the mi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-First Day | 24,750 | 24,962 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20 One Hundred Ninty-First Day Vo... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 0 | 500 |
questions, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT: Does the Prosecution want to cross-examine? LIEUTENANT COMMANDER WHITNEY R. HARRIS, U.S.N.R. (Assistant Trial Counsel for the United States): Dr. Best, you realize that you are one of two witnesses who have been called, out of possibly hundreds, to represent the Gestapo, before ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 450 | 950 |
now quoting: "In order to build up an independent and- powerful political police force, the like of which had not hitherto existed in Germany, regular officials of the former police force, on the one hand, and members of the SS, on the other hand, were brought in. With the uncompromising fighting spirit of the SS the n... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 900 | 1,400 |
me to, provide a contact for him with the research office in Copenhagen. "Question: Anyway, you have no idea why Naujocks was in Copenhagen, do you? "Answer: I imagine that he was in Denmark on matters pertaining to intelligence duties. "Question: And if he were to state and even to testify that he discussed the matter... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
you? BEST: Yes. LT. COMDR. HARRIS: At that conference there were present in addition to yourself, Pancke, the Higher SS and Police Leader for Denmark; General Von Hannecken, the Military Governor for Denmark; and Hitler, Himmler, the Defendant Kaltenbrunner, the Defendant Keitel, the Defendant Jodl, and Schmundt. You r... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
houses were blown up simultaneously. It was not a car, but a row of houses. LT. COMDR. HARRIS: Now, Dr. Best, you also remember the murder of four doctors in Odense, against which you protested because these doctors had been pointed out to you by National Socialist circles as being German sympathizers, don't you? BEST:... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
not say when and where I was told this. LT. COMDR. HARRIS: What was the Kugelerlass? BEST: Today I know, for I have read files and transcripts, that these were measures, I believe, dealing with prisoners of war who had escaped. LT. COMDR. HARRIS: Now-when you were asked about your knowledge of the Kugelerlass before th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
out, 301 had been executed at the concentration camp at Dachau at the date of this report. On Page 10 of the English translation, Witness, you will find the following: Namely, that these 410 Russians screened out at Munich represent a percentage of 13 percent, whereas the Gestapo offices at Nuremberg, Fuerth, and Regen... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
of Prisoners of War." Now, this document is signed by Schimmel. Was Schimmel known to you? BEST: Schimmel? I cannot find the name Schimmel; but I do recall that there was a Regierungsrat I think, of that name, in the Gestapo. LT. COMDR. HARRIS: Turn to Document I, then, Page 21 of the English translation. At the end of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
which was charged with the handling of opponents and sabotage, assassinations, protective security, and matters of that sort, was he not? BEST: He was the head of the Department IV A. Just what was dealt with in this department I cannot recall. LT. COMDR. HARRIS: Well, you can take my word for that. That appears in Doc... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
preparation of all documentary evidence, that in the event of the Protecting Power being desirous of an investigation, the necessary documents are available for the dismissal of a complaint." Now, turning to the next document, Witness, 4052-PS, you will find again the reference to this infamous SS Oberfuehrer Panziger.... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
pay books delivered to them. "Concerning the notice for the press, contact has been established with the Geheimrat Wagner of the Foreign Office. Wagner reports that the Reich Foreign Minister wishes to speak with the Reichsfuehrer about this matter. In the opinion of the Reich Foreign Minister, this action must be coor... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
USA-916. The next is Document F-972, which is also a document relating to the fight against Communists in France, and I ask that the witness identify that as coming from him and having been signed on his behalf. BEST: Yes. LT. COMDR. HARRJS: That becomes Exhibit USA-917. If the Tribunal please, I am informed that we ha... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
whose duties were not always alike nor clearly defined but varied according to instructions of the central offices in Berlin and sometimes according to the directives received from Higher SS and Police Leaders, Reich commissioners, and so forth. DR. MERKEL: For how long have you known the witness Naujocks? BEST: I beli... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
not military offices, purely military agencies under the OKH, is that right? BEST: No. As far as I remember-the organization at that time, the answer is "no." DR. LATERNSER: Thank you very much. I have no further questions. THE PRESIDENT: The witness can retire. DR. MERKEL: I have another witness, and so as not to inte... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
DR. MERKEL: How was it in practice? How did it work out? HOFFMANN: In practice, the intermediate and lower offices sometimes tried to interfere. But the Police rejected that, and the interference was mostly attempted when Party members only were involved in proceedings. DR. MERKEL: Was it not the task of the Gestapo to... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
in the Gestapo office. Several days later only-it may have been 3 or 4 days-we were informed of the beginning of the offensive. Before that we had no idea whatsoever about such plans, that is to say, not any more than any German could have gathered from the political tension. DR. MERKEL: What was in principle the compo... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
They were mostly criminals. DR. MERKEL: Did the Gestapo take any measures to care for the families of the political inmates? HOFFMANN: According to a decree of the Gestapo office, the State Police office, when taking people into protective custody, not only had to ask the welfare organizations to take care of the famil... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
was ever said about that. The treatment of the Jewish question was at that time in the hands of Eichmann, who had not come out of the State Police, but had been transferred from the SD to the State Police. He and his personnel were located in a building set aside for that purpose and had no contact with the other offic... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
the activities of the military organization, but also harmful to German interests, because the members of these military organizations were not deterred by such measures from carrying through their orders. The consequence was that a combating of these forces was only possible on two lines: First, by Germany attempting ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
organization was not uniform. In Norway and later in Belgium, there were commanders under the commanders-in-chief; in Denmark and the Netherlands there were branch offices, and in France there were commanders under the commander-in-chief. In all cases, the BDS was not only subordinate to Berlin but also to the Higher S... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
and carry through deportations? HOFFMANN: Deportations were not initiated by the State Police, but the Higher SS and Police Leader had already requested the approval of these measures by Himmler in the Fuehrer's headquarters when he announced his intentions to the State Police. DR. MERKEL: Was there a uniform order to ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
Germany? HOFFMANN: That was a measure of the manpower administration. It is not known to me that the State Police had carried out any deportation of workers. I have to make one limitation concerning France where, upon the orders of the Reichsfuehrer, as far as I remember the so-called "Meerschaum Action" was carried ou... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
the general was to be taken away from Königstein in a car and then shot while allegedly trying to escape? I put before you the documents which have, just been presented by the American Prosecution, 4048-PS to. 4052-PS, and. I want you to state your opinion as to what you know about them. [Turning to the Tribunal.] I h... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
DR. MERKEL: Were the so-called Kugel Decree, the Commando Order, and the NN Decree applied in Denmark while you were there? HOFFMANN: No. DR. MERKEL: What do you know about the application of these decrees in the other occupied we stern territories? HOFFMANN: All these were decrees which were issued after I left Berlin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
obliged to consult the USC cards when it was a question of appointing new Police officials or of giving promotion? HOFFMANN: Each official who entered was examined regarding his political attitude, and each one who was promoted was screened again. M. MONNERAY: You were a member of the SS, were you not? HOFFMANN: Under ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
people were sent to concentration camps at the request of the local Gestapo services. Is that true? HOFFMANN: If an individual was to be sent to a concentration camp, the State Police office in Berlin had to make a request to the Gestapo office. It was only if the Gestapo office or, later on, the chief of the Security ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
not, that this document indicates that requests for transfer to concentration camps which would come from frontier offices have to pass via Duesseldorf? HOFFMANN: Yes, of course. To my knowledge, the frontier Police office could not have any direct connection with the Gestapo. M.MONNERAY: So it is also correct that the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
Sipo? HOFFMANN: I did not understand that question. M. MONNERAY: Is it correct that in the occupied territories hostages were handed over by the Armed Forces to the Sipo? HOFFMANN: That varied in the different territories. As far as I know, hostages in France were shot by the Armed Forces; in Norway, upon order of the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
Witness, whether it is correct that the Armed Forces requested you to suggest an answer to the question of whether the relatives of a deceased Frenchman should be advised of his death or not. Is it true that you chose the most rigorous solution? HOFFMANN: From this document I can gather only that apparently an inquiry ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
which will become Exhibit RF-1538. This document is not in the document book; it is a new item. On Page 2 of this document we find an extract of the Night and Fog Decree for the use of the concentration camp offices. This document is dated 4 August, 1942, and comes from Amt IV D 4. HOFFMANN: Yes. That is a factual tran... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
received decrees of that sort. M. MONNERAY: I should like to show you Document 1715-PS, which will become Exhibit RF-1539. [The document was shown to the witness.] It is a document signed by Kaltenbrunner and which was sent to all the offices of the Gestapo for their information and to your office, IV D. HOFFMANN: I sh... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
Sipo in the occupied territories collaborate in these deportations? HOFFMANN: As far as I know, yes. M.MONNERAY: What were the functions of Department II of the RSHA? HOFFMANN: Department II of the Reich Security Main Office dealt with administrative and economic questions as well as-from the beginning until, I believe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
could define my attitude to things only on the basis of my professional knowledge, and I did not know what had caused the leadership to make the decisions which they transmitted to us. M. MONNERAY: You did not consider as criminal, for example, the order concerning certain categories of Soviet prisoners? HOFFMANN: I mu... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
Office. DR. MERKEL: The very document just submitted by the Prosecution, 2521-PS, also speaks for this fact, does it not, since the return address is the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office at Oranienburg and it is addressed to the camp commanders of all the concentration camps? HOFFMANN: Yes. DR. MERKEL: Did yo... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
any limitations. THE TRIBUNAL (Mr. Biddle): Were there any other methods of third degree which were allowed as well as beating in this first decree? HOFFMANN: According to the second decree the only measures approved were those which were milder than blows with a stick-standing at interrogations, or fatiguing exercises... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninety-Second Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
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