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for special measures, free from bureaucratic administrative influences, and accordingly their transfer to the Security Police and the SD is given as the way to reach the "appointed goal." That Keitel, who is directly responsible for this order, was issuing it with full knowledge of its implications is made clear by the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Day | 35,100 | 35,600 |
remind you of the volume of evidence with regard to the numbers of Soviet and Polish prisoners in concentration camps. Their treatment needs no further reminder than the report by the commandant of Gross-Rosen Concentration Camp who on the 23d of October 1941 reports the shooting of 20 Russian prisoners between 5 and 6... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Day | 35,550 | 36,050 |
the R.A.F. made an attempt to escape from Stalag Lust III at Sagan. The defendants directly connected with this matter have not denied that the shooting of 50 of these officers was deliberate murder and was the result of a decision at the highest lever There can be no question that Goering, Keitel, and probably Ribbent... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Day | 36,000 | 36,500 |
and one cannot doubt his full knowledge of this matter. The reply sent to the Protecting Power and the International Red Cross by Ribbentrop is now admitted on all hands to have been a pack of lies. Is it to be believed that he also was not a party to the decision? That any of these men would have been prepared to take... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Day | 36,450 | 36,950 |
from sinking an English hospital ship as a reprisal and then expressing regret that it was a mistake... THE PRESIDENT: Would it be convenient to you to sit at 9:45 in the morning? The Tribunal anticipates in these circumstances we might be able to finish at 1 o'clock or shortly afterward. In any event, we would sit on ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Day | 36,900 | 37,087 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 19 187 Day Volume 19 Menu 189 Day... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 0 | 500 |
Hague Rules, and I quote: "A spy taken in the act shall not be punished without previous trial." And even the regulations printed in the book of every German soldier provide, and I quote: "No enemy can be killed who gives up, not even a partisan or a spy. These will be brought to punishment by the courts." These men we... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 450 | 950 |
staff? of the 23d of January 1945 (Document 479 27 July 46 Number 535-PS) referring to it in detail and disputing its application to particular categories. Other men have already been sentenced to death for execution of this order, men whose only defense was that they obeyed an order from their superiors. I refer to th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 900 | 1,400 |
. . .After walking for 6 to 8 hours we came to a station, a railway station. It was very cold and we had only striped 480 27 July 46 prison clothes on, and bad boots; but we said, 'Oh, we are glad that we have come to a railway station. It is better to stand in a cow truck than to walk in the middle of winter.' It was ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
cover persons endangering security or war preparedness by any means other than acts of terrorism or sabotage (Document Number D-764), the usual secrecy requirements were laid down, restricting distribution in writing to a minimum. He then ordered that the Terror and Sabotage Decree was to form the subject of regular em... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
the world" (Document Number USSR-223). Save that they had no pity even for their own people, how faithfully these men carried out that principle. I turn now to the attack on the partisans. If any doubt remained that the German Armed Forces were directed not by honorable soldiers but by callous murderers, it must be dis... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
D-735). The Einsatzkommandos were, as Ohlendorf stated, under Kaltenbrunner's command, but the orders under which they were acting cannot have exceeded in severity those which were issued 483 27 July 46 by Keitel. The Fuehrer order issued by him on 16 December 1942 on the combating of partisans states-I quote: "If the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
July 46 women always pointed out the stranger" (Document Number D-729). These methods were not confined to the East. They were going on throughout the length and breadth of every occupied territory. Wherever the slightest resistance was offered the German answer was to attempt to stamp it out with the utmost brutality.... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
a month after Keitel's original order a station commander reported that in revenge for the killing of 10 German soldiers and the wounding of another 26, a total of 2,300 people had been shot, 100 for each killed and 50 for each wounded German soldier (Document Number USSR-74). On the 11th of July 1944 the commander of ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
intention to destroy Britain's fighting spirit within the shortest possible time, Raeder went on to say-I quote: "The principal target of naval warfare is the merchant ship, not only the enemy's but in general every-merchant ship which sails the seas in order to supply the enemy's war industry both for imports and expo... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
which suggests that orders should be given by word of mouth and a false entry made in the log book, the very practice followed in the case of the Athenia, or of the entries in Raeder's own war diary revealing that carefully selected neutrals should be sunk wherever the use of electric torpedoes might enable the Germans... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
Rescue runs counter to the rudimentary demands of warfare aimed at the destruction of enemy ship and crews" (Document Number D-630). His diary entry of the same date, which confirms that order, starts-I quote: "The attention of all commanding officers is again 488 27 July 46 drawn to the fact that all efforts to rescue... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
to sinking rescue ships. You have the instances of the Antonice, the Noreen Mary, and the Peleus whilst the man who expressed horror at the idea that he should issue such an order admittedly saw the log book of the U-boat which sank the Sheaf Mead with its brutal entry describing the sufferings of those left in the wat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
Its importance for the German war machine had been appreciated by these defendants long before the outbreak of war. -Hitler had mentioned it in Mein Kampf and emphasized it at the meeting in May 1939. A few weeks later in June the Reich Defense Council, Goering, Frick, Funk, and Raeder, and representatives of every oth... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
the deportation of this people here. These thoughts come to me today watching the very difficult work performed by the Security Police and supported by your men who help them a great deal. Exactly the same thing happened in Poland in weather 40 degrees below zero where we had to haul away thousands, tens of thousands, ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
to work and children of those Jews who are all kept in readiness for special action and therefore one day will be removed again, have to stay in the guarded camp also during the day" (Document Number 3803-PS). That sinister phrase again-the meaning of which they all knew so well-"special treatment," "special action." M... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
and children were working in the Reich and if we include prisoners of war the total of those working in Germany was at this date just under 7 million (Document Number D-524). To these must be added the hundreds of thousands brought in during 1944-millions of men and women taken from their homes by the most brutal metho... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
Poland again" (Document Number 864-PS). The aims of genocide were formulated by Hitler in the following words in his conversation with Hermann Rauschning: "The French complained after the war that there were 20 million Germans too many. We accept the criticism. We favor the planned control of population movements. But ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
and the German law, but to see to it that only people of purely Germanic blood live in the East" (Document Number 2915-PS). The defendants were careful to conceal their true aims from their victims. In January 1940 a captured report reads: "In order to relieve the living space of Poles in the Government General as well... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
the bearers of Czechoslovakian history and tradition, and, since the long-term solution of evacuating all Czechs completely from the country and replacing them by Germans could not be effected immediately because of shortage of Germans, a short term solution of germanizing the remainder of the population. This was to b... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
custody. The idea of exterminating them by labor is the best" (Document Number 682-PS). Another favorite technique of extermination was by starvation. Rosenberg, the great architect of this policy of national murder, told his collaborators in June 1941: "The object of feeding the German people stands this year without ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
breeds like vermin" (Document Number USSR-378). You have seen Neurath's use of this biological device in his plan for Czechoslovakia. Listen to Bormann's directives for the Eastern territory summarized by one of Rosenberg's subordinates. I quote: "The Slavs are to work for us. Insofar as we do not need them, they may d... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
any good blood that we can use for ourselves and give it a place in our people or... we destroy this blood" (Document Number L-70). In the case of Russia, Keitel, who had learned the phrase "shrewdness and severity" as the maxim for the exploitation of Poland, paved the way by his orders of the 13th of May and 23d of 4... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
of thousands of the Poles, first the leading representatives of the Polish intelligentsia." And in December: 500 27 July 46 "Poles must feel they have only one duty; to work and to behave. We must carry out all measures ruthlessly; rely on me..." We who try to understand the problems of eastern Europe must try to under... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
be termed very successful. The Jews in Warsaw and other cities were now locked up in ghettos, Krakow very shortly would be cleared of them. "Reichsleiter Von Schirach... remarked that he still had more than 50,000 Jews in Vienna whom lair. Frank would have to take over from him" (Document Number USSR-172). When the ord... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
have known in the districts surrounding Belzek, Treblinka, Wolzek, Mauthausen, Sachsenhausen, Flossenburg, Neuengamme, Gusen, Nataweiler, Lublin, Buchenwald, and Dachau. I do not repeat these things in order to make the blood run cold. It is right that a few of these typical matters should be extracted from the great m... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
stated: "These selfcleansing actions went smoothly because the Army authorities who showed full understanding for this procedure were informed of them." Nor was it only cordiality and understanding that the Army authorities showed. In some cases they themselves took the initiative. After describing the murder of inmate... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
of this large-scale operation upon the peaceful population is simply dreadful in view of the many shootings of women and children." The Reich Commissar for Eastern Territories, forwarding that protest to Rosenberg, the Reich Minister for Occupied Eastern Territories in Berlin, added: "The fact that Jews receive special... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
of the Nazi State. The gold from their victims' teeth, 72 transports full, went to fill the coffers of Funk's Reichsbank. On occasion, even the bodies of their victims were used to make good the wartime shortage of soap (Document Number USSR-272). The victims came from all over Europe. Jews from Austria, Czechoslovakia... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
again of Dubno (Document Number 2992-PS): "On 5 October 1943 when I visited the building office at Dubno my foreman. . . told me that in the vicinity of the site, Jews from Dubno had been shot in three large pits, each about 30 meters long and 3 meters deep. About 1,500 persons had been killed daily. All of the 5,000 J... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
pit shouted something to his comrade. The latter counted off about 20 persons and instructed them to go behind the earth mound. Among them was the family which I have mentioned. I well remember a girl, slim and with black hair, who as she passed close to me, pointed to herself and said, '23'. I walked around the mound ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
front of them with a fixed stare and seemed to notice neither the chilliness of the morning nor the workers of my firm who stood around. A girl of about 20 spoke to me and asked me to give her clothes and help her escape. At that moment we heard a fast car approach and I noticed that it was an SS detail I moved away to... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
from more distant railway stations or directly from the institutions, the smoke which rises from the crematorium and which can be noticed even from a considerable distance . . . all this gives rise to speculation the more so as no one is allowed into the castle....Everybody is convinced that the causes of death which a... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
Hadamar occurrences by means of severe threats. In the interests of public peace this may be well intended, but the knowledge and the conviction and the indignation of the population cannot be changed by it. The conviction will be increased with the bitter realization that discussion is prohibited with threats, but tha... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
of the extent of this system (Document Number D-626). He describes the subsidiary camps that were based on Mauthausen alone: 33 of them he mentioned by name, giving the numbers of prisoners at each-a total of over 102,000. Besides those 33, there were another 45, also all under the authority of the Mauthausen commandan... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
catastrophic. It was ragged and ripped and the footwear was the same. In many cases they had to go to work with rags round their feet. Even in the worst weather and bitterest cold I have never seen that any of the wagons were heated" (Document Number D-321). Those men were not destined for concentration camps-that was ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
the written order issued by the commandant of the Sipo and SD in the Government General, which has been put in as evidence: "Should the situation at the front necessitate it, early preparations are to be made for the total clearance of the prisons. Should the situation develop suddenly, in such a way that it is impossi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
Neurath, Fritzsche, Bormann-these are the guilty men. Let me make brief comments upon each one of them, but in particular upon those whose close complicity in the most sordid crimes of all, the bestial murders, has possibly been less manifest. Goering's responsibility in all these matters is scarcely to be denied. Behi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
Europe to accelerate the execution of such "political measures," that is, measures of racial extermination (Document Number EC-265). It was not Himmler, but the Reich Foreign Minister who proudly reported to the Duce in February 1943 that, "All Jews had been transported from Germany and from the territories occupied by... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
it is beyond belief that he, as Reich Minister for Eastern Occupied Territories, did not know of and support the destruction of the ghettos and the operations of the Einsatzkommandos. In October 1941, when the operations of those Kommandos were at their height, one of Rosenberg's ministerial departmental chiefs was wri... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
need say nothing. Here is a man more responsible, perhaps, than any, for the most frightful crime the world has ever known. For 25 years the extermination of the Jews had been his terrible ambition. For 25 years he had educated the German people in the philosophy of hate, of brutality, of murder. He had incited and pre... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
1934 and the first half of 1935 he found he was "wrong in thinking" that Hitler would bring the "revolutionary forces" of Nazism into the regular atmosphere and he discovered that Hitler did nothing to stop the excesses of individual Party members or Party groups. He was pursuing a "policy of terror." That accords very... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
he knew that the plot to discredit General Von Fritsch meant war. Despite that knowledge, on 9 March 1938, he accepted the appointment as Reichsbank president for an additional 4 years. He joyously took part in the acquisition of the former Austrian National Bank on 21 March 1938 ' and on 7 June 1939 wrote to Hitler: "... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
events of those days. ". . . Generalfeldmarschall Goering informed me last night that you-my Fuehrer-have approved in principle the measures prepared by me for financing a war, for setting up the wage and price system and for carrying out the plan for an emergency contribution.... "With the proposals worked out by me r... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
but in Hitler as went Can Raeder have been ignorant of the murder of thousands of Jews at Libau in the Baltic? You will remember the evidence that many of them were killed in the naval port and the facts reported by his naval officers at the local headquarters to Kiel (Documents D-841, L-180). We now know from the repo... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
recent political friends had been sent to concentration camps or killed, including men like Von Schleicher, and Von Bredow. He had himself been arrested, two members of his staff killed and another compelled to witness killing. None of these things were hidden from Von Neurath, yet he remained in office. In 1934 Papen ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
bad in the Netherlands,"-is it possible that he was really deceived as he says into thinking the people in Auschwitz were "comparatively well off"? One comes next to the Defendants Speer and Fritzsche who have appeared in this Trial as experts. Speer has admitted that his responsibility for conscription of labor helped... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
Democrats were being destroyed as political forces. The blood purge followed, yet he went on and seconded Hitler in his breaches of the Treaty of Versailles. We have the evidence of Paul Schmidt that the murder of Dollfuss and the attempted Putsch in Austria seriously disturbed the career personnel of the Foreign Offic... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
the Nazi Government was aggressive war. His personal ability as a broadcaster caused him to become virtually an official commentator. To quote his own words: "May I add that it is even known to me that in remote front sectors, for instance, or in German colonies abroad my radio speeches were considered, shall we say, t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
the state on which in some way every journalist must rely." Fritzsche maintained until practically the very end the most excellent relations with Dr. Goebbels. When the Tribunal consider the picture of total extremism and violent anti-Semitism which the other defendants have painted of Goebbels it is difficult to imagi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
loaded with men; one woman was among them. These men were separated into groups of four and made to get down into the grave. The corpses there were only barely covered with sand. They had to lie face downward and were executed by the four men of the squad, who shot them in the back of the neck." You are asked to believ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
are made for men, that through them he may achieve a fuller life, a higher purpose, and a greater dignity. States may be great and powerful. Ultimately the rights of men, made as all men are made in the image of God, are fundamental. When the state, either because as here its leaders have lusted for power and place, or... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Day | 22,950 | 23,317 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 19 188 Day Volume 19 Menu 190 Day... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 0 | 500 |
Himmler, and Goebbels-to mention only those of them who are dead. He will know that the real crime of these men was the conception of the gigantic plan of world domination and the attempt to realize it by every possible means. By every possible means, that is of course, by the breaking of pledges and by unleashing the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 450 | 950 |
region as a reprisal for isolated acts directed against the German Army. The execution 531 29 July 46 of that order was authorized by instructions from the commander of the theater of operations, who was himself acting on more general instructions issued by the Defendant Keitel. This is an example of the perfect collab... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 900 | 1,400 |
of the occupied countries. The methods employed were the brutal or gradual seizure of power, or carefully calculated infiltration of German authority in every sphere, the 532 29 July 46 preparation of a program of economic pillage and its pitiless execution so as to lead to the exhaustion of the occupied country and to... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
these crimes. After the submission of our documents, the hearing of the witnesses, the projection of films which the defendants themselves could not see without shuddering with horror, nobody in the world can possibly claim that the extermination camps, the executed prisoners, the slaughtered peoples, the mounds of cor... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
civilized nations. The Tribunal will doubtless remember that at the conclusion of his presentation of the charges made in the Indictment, the French prosecutor stated in precise terms the responsibility of all the defendants who are "guilty of having, in their role as the chief Hitlerian leaders of the German people, c... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
homicide; Article 212 relates to murder; Articles 223 to 226 to torture; Article 229 to poisoning and murder by gas. Article 234 covers slavery, reduction to serfdom, incorporation with a view to military service abroad; Articles 242 and 243 cover theft and pillage; Article 130 deals with the incitement of the populace... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
Such cries of conscience were rare in the course of this Trial and more frequently, copying Goering's quibbling vanity, the defendants tried to extricate themselves by invoking a policy of neo-Machiavellism which would free the leaders of the State of all personal responsibility. Let us simply state that no such provis... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
of it. They conceived the policy of that State. They wanted to transform their thoughts into action and all contributed in almost the same degree toward its realization. This is true, no matter whether it applies to Hess or Goering, professional politicians who admit never having practiced any other profession but that... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
men, raises the question of the German masses, whose good judgment they had contributed to warp and whose worst passions they roused. Did not Schacht say of Hitler in Court: "I believe that at first his tendencies were not wholly evil; he undoubtedly believed that his intentions were only good, but little by little he ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
the people of German nationality, nor sensible with regard to geomilitary expediency. They were not the result of a considered political action, but momentary frontiers in a political struggle that was by no means concluded; partly, in fact, they were the results of chance." (Excerpt from Page 649) Third quotation: "Th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
biological materialism? Hitler expounded his theories to a small circle and those who heard his words are by no means all Nazis. Informed of their master's aims, they were still willing to stay by his side, and that condemns them. Is this not the case with Raeder? "It is not a question of conquering populations but of ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
secure for the German people the territory to which it is entitled in this world. And this act is the sole act which, before God and our German posterity, justifies bloodshed...." All the cruel and monstrous implications of these words were elaborated here. Speech by Hitler on the Eastern Territories 16. 7. 41 (Documen... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
and a material part in it; and the generals and admirals did their utmost to help matters forward. Speer exploited to the point of exhaustion and death the manpower recruited for him by Sauckel, Kaltenbrunner, the NSDAP Gauleiter, and the generals. Kaltenbrunner made use of the gas chambers, the victims for which were ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
and requirements of a State in which every force strives toward the same goal and toward the actual reality of German life as revealed by the debates. According to National Socialist conception, the Party must take the place of democracy. The Party is the political expression of the nation, which materializes in the po... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
speculation id real estate remained. In the end, every aspect of German life was affected by the combined influence of the State and Party forces. All the departments of the State and the Party combined to make the component parts. Examples are plentiful and may be found in every State department. Let us take the depar... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
as the Gauleiter, were involved, either by planning or preparing the operation, or simply enforcing it, or benefiting by it. We remember the interministerial meetings in Berlin to discuss this subject and the conference between Sauckel, Kaltenbrunner, Speer, Funk, and the representatives of the OKW which forms the subj... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
administration of the internment camp at Compiegne and the selection of hostages (Documents RF-1212 and 1212 his) and execution (Document Number RF-1244). As we have seen, the Army and the Police were associated in the terrorist actions against the populations. The Navy and the Police are also associated in the massacr... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
in their political life. They are, as we know, the elements of a criminal State policy. To consider the defendants as offenders against common law, to forget that they have acted in the name of the German State and on account of that State, to apply the same standard to them as that applied to hooligans or to murderers... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
evidence of this unity in crime furnished by the very statements made by the defendants, the unremitting efforts of themselves and their counsels to prove the autonomy of their departments and throw the responsibility of the Army on to the Police, that of the Foreign Office on to the head of the Government, that of the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
As to Goering and Hess, the Tribunal will undoubtedly allow me to dispense with developing their case at length. They were the appointed successors of the Fuehrer. They belonged to the Movement from the beginning. Hess assumed responsibility for the racial laws. Both played a part in formulating the political doctrine ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
terrorism and extermination in the occupied countries. My comments on Keitel are equally brief. The conditions under which he consented to be placed by Hitler at the head of the High Command of the Army in the place of Von Fritsch and Von Blomberg, and brought into the councils of the Government, his political activiti... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
condemning Asiatics and Jews to permanent enslavement, mingles with these impure elements..." He concluded by saying that the continent must be subjected to the German philosophy and race. To restore the racial purity of Germany by any means was the subject of his speech at Nuremberg in 1933. He extolled the exterminat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
elected to the Reichstag in 1924, he proposed anti-Jewish laws. Strictly obedient, on several occasions he gave expression to the political theories of the Party. In particular he declared: "In National Socialist Germany, leadership is in the hands of an organized community, that is, the National Socialist Party; and a... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
Number D-640): "The officer is the representative of the State. This talk about nonpolitical officers is sheer nonsense." He recommended the use of labor from the extermination camps in order, he said, to increase output by 100 percent. He proclaimed unrestricted submarine warfare and ordered his sailors "to be hard," ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
statement on the subject: "Best results in production can only be obtained by judicious use of manpower." He forced over 2 million Frenchmen to collaborate in the war effort with their labor-to say nothing of millions of people of other nationalities. They were recruited by force with the help of the Police, the SS, an... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
himself very definitely on the racial problem (speech at Gleiwitz in 1934). "Certainly no objection can be made to racial research and racial hygiene with the aim of preserving as far as possible the national characteristics of the people and awakening the spirit of national community." We know what these measures were... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
Armaments from September 1943, he was one of the high-ranking officials in both the State and the Party. Speer utilized more than a million men in the Todt Organization and more than fifty thousand deported Frenchmen in the Ruhr territory alone in 1943. He is responsible for the ill-treatment of foreign workers in Germ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
gained since the annexation with regard to the state political and national political angle, indicates the path to be followed in order to reach the clearly defined and unequivocal goal. If things present themselves in such fashion then a decision must be taken on the fate of the Czech people so that the end in view ma... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
his real thoughts behind a mask of irony or insolence, he never committed himself completely. It has, however, been proved that he persistently demanded increased living space for Germany. When he tried to mislead his questioners by speaking of colonial claims and it was pointed out that, considering world conditions, ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
worth were short-dated. When the drafts fell due, Schacht could not but be aware that there were only three possible solutions: 1) Consolidation of the debt by foreign loans, which would not be extended to Nazi Germany, already armed to excess. 2) An inflation comparable to that of 1923, which would mean the end of the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
with pan-Germanic leanings, who helped Hitler to power, whose presence inspired confidence in Nazi Germany, whose financial wizardry provided Germany with the most powerful war machine of the age, and who did all this to enable the Party-State machine to hurl itself forward to the conquest of living space? This man was... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
who put their intelligence and their good will at the disposition of the state entity in order to make use of the power and the material resources of this entity to slaughter, as they have done, millions of human beings in the execution of a criminal policy long since determined, should be assured of immunity. The prin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
reinforce the authority of custom, then the Statute of London, drawn up on the basis of common law in course of formation, still justifies our study of the defendants' responsibility with regard to the crimes of the German State. In fact, Article 6 of the Statute deals only with crimes committed on account of the state... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
his apprehensions and reactions when the blow is delivered and the victim falls. Genocide, murder, or any other crime becomes anonymous when it is committed by the State. Nobody bears the thief responsibility. Everybody shares it-those who by their presence maintain and support the administration, those who conceived t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
of their evil masters. They attempt, in the exposition of their case, to minimize their responsibility in the hope of conjuring it away,. but since Severing's statement and those made previously by the mayor of Oranienburg and the mayor of Buchenwald and confirmed by Frank, are true, namely, that there were rumors all ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
law. It must be possible henceforth to put an end to the criminal activities of a gangster state through the power of a superstate organization directed by a legal institution of the same kind, otherwise the freedom of nations is doomed. The weapons of revolt fell from their hands as soon as states-and states alone-cou... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
the intellectual and moral plane. He loves anything that can be recited as a universally acknowledged creed, a stereotyped phrase suitable for use on all occasions. For this reason, young Germans learned for their Abitur examination the six races admitted by Guenther just as they learned grammar, and no more dreamed of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
order is an order." The Tribunal will find Kramer's terrible words at the end of Document Number F-655, which is in one of the document books submitted by the French. Before he was made commandant of the Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp, Kramer commanded the Nataweiler Camp in Alsace, where he himself asphyxiated 80 pe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
with your conscience! It is now out of our hands, our task is finished. Now, it is for you in the silence of your deliberations to heed the voice of innocent blood crying for justice. THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will adjourn. [The Tribunal recessed until 1400 hours.] 569 29 July 46 Afternoon Session THE PRESIDENT: I ca... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
civilized mankind. But they themselves are being tried by an international court with legal guarantees to assure all the rights of defense. 570 29 July 46 We are now summing up the results of the legal proceedings, we are drawing conclusions from the evidence examined before the Court, we are considering all the data u... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
population. When was this plan or conspiracy conceived? Of course, it is scarcely possible to give an exact date, day and hour on which the defendants conspired to commit their crimes. We cannot and shall not establish our conclusions and assertions on guesses and suppositions. But it 571 29 July 46 must be considered ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
perpetration of crimes against peace has therefore been fully proved. The charge of perpetrating war crimes, in waging war by methods contrary to all laws and customs of war, has also been fully proved. Neither the defendants themselves, nor their defense counsel could raise any objections to the very fact of their hav... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
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