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principal hangmen, hangmen of a higher rank. They are far more dangerous than those they trained, in the spirit of hatred toward humanity and cruelty, and whom they nosh, repudiate in order to save themselves. The criminality of the defendants in the perpetration of war crimes has been fully proved in the sense that th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
to expose those whom they intended to protect. Another type of the means used by the Defense is legal arguments and considerations. a) Some legal' aspects of the Trial. The accusation in the present Trial is based on an enormous quantity of irrefutable facts and is firmly established on the 574 29 July 46 principles of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
on a scale surpassing all human imagination and bear the marks of unheard-of sadistic cruelty does not, of course, exclude but rather increases the responsibility of the defendants. If the 575 29 July 46 defendants had committed the crimes on the territory and against the citizens of any one country, then in accordance... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
order be looked upon as an "order" within the meaning of the Charter? 576 29 July 46 The right to interpret law is the irrefutable right of every lawyer, including the counsels for the Defense. Nevertheless, it is quite incomprehensible what logical or other methods have led' him to assert that the provisions of the Ch... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
in conformity with the laws of their own country, as well as-if such is the case-in conformity with the laws and before the courts of a foreign state. 577 29 July 46 In the present case, not only did the Hitlerite State violate the principles of international law, as a result of which measures were taken against the st... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
merely because its participants were not equal among themselves and one of them had power over the others. 578 29 July 46 It is, at any rate, strange to deny the existence of the conspiracy in the present case because of the fact that enormous personal power was vested in the hands of the leader Hitler. In the same way... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
exterminate the political opponents of fascism, and for this purpose carried out mass arrests of members of political parties unfavorable 579 29 July 46 to Nazism. He organized concentration camps where he interned, without trial, all those who disagreed with fascism. He created the Gestapo which, from the day of its b... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
previous undertakings were insignificant. "In the shortest possible time, the Air Force must be increased fivefold; the Navy must be rearmed at a much greater speed, and the Army has to procure more speedily 580 29 July 46 large numbers of weapons of attack, especially heavy artillery and heavy tanks. This must be acco... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
1941 on the treatment of captured Russian commanding officers and political workers. All these crimes, established beyond any doubt before the Court, need not be further clarified, since the Defense in their pleas were unable to advance any arguments in rebuttal. 581 29 July 46 In the "12 Commandments for the Behavior ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
held on 29 April 1941 prior to the treacherous attack against the U.S.S.R. As a result of this conference there was created a special economic staff "Oldenburg" which was subordinated to Goering. The creation of special economic inspectorates and units in the largest centers of the 582 29 July 46 U.SS.R. was planned; t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
his deeds he must be duly punished. Hess. The Defendant Rudolf Hess occupied a leading position among the Nazi conspirators from the very beginnings of the fascist state. 583 29 July 46 It was Hess who had been the leader of the fascist organization of the University of Munich. It was he who had participated in the Mun... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
Hess signed the decrees concerning the annexation of the territories seized by the Germans. The man-hating Nuremberg Laws, for the publishing of which this defendant is also responsible, contain a special proviso authorizing Frick and Hess to issue the necessary decrees for carrying these laws into effect. Hess signed ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
not help him, he was forced to tell the Tribunal that he had simulated loss of memory, that it had been a trick on his part, and he had to admit that he bore full responsibility for all that he had done and signed together with the others. Thus, this clumsy attempt of Hess to avoid responsibility was fully exposed at t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 24,750 | 25,250 |
October 1944, Bormann and Himmler were entrusted with the leadership of the Volkssturm, consisting of all men from 16 to 60 years of age, capable of carrying arms. On the eve of the collapse of Hitler's Germany, 586 29 July 46 Bormann headed the Werewolf underground organization for diversion and subversive activities ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 25,200 | 25,700 |
induced the latter to lodge an official 587 29 July 46 complaint, not without reason. And Hitler was not mistaken in his choice, for Ribbentrop fully justified his confidence. As early as 12 February 1938, a week after his appointment, Ribbentrop together with Hitler and the Defendant Papen, who for a long time before ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 25,650 | 26,150 |
the conferences held by Hitler and Ribbentrop with Ciano on the Obersalzberg, an agreement was reached concerning the liquidation of the neutrals one by one. With the direct and immediate assistance of the Defendant Ribbentrop, the Nazi conspirators planned, prepared) and executed the treacherous attack on the U.S.S.R.... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 26,100 | 26,600 |
the other conspirators, had also known the other declarations of the chiefs of the Allied Governments concerning the responsibility imposed upon the Nazi Government for the perpetration of the monstrous atrocities by the Hitlerites in the occupied countries. Ribbentrop, as the witness for the Defense, Steengracht, form... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 26,550 | 27,050 |
tip the scales in favor of the Prosecution. The Defense Counsel tried to convince the Tribunal that their clients were the pawns of destiny, involved in this sinister tragedy in spite of themselves. The defendants-Keitel, Jodl, Doenitz, and Raeder endeavor to appear in the role of noble-minded simpletons. To do the Def... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 27,000 | 27,500 |
military uniform bound in body and soul to the Nazi regime. This is the only reason why Hitler gathered these men around him and collaborated with them for so long a period of time. This is the only way to explain why they collaborated with Hitler in perpetrating crimes unprecedented in history. They fitted together an... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 27,450 | 27,950 |
leading role of the OKW in the preparation and carrying out of aggression. The directive regarding the waging of war and the invasion of Poland is known to us as Keitel's and Hitler's directive of 10 May 1939. It was forwarded to the High Command of the Air Force, Navy, and Army. How is it possible, after this, to main... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 27,900 | 28,400 |
Exhibit Number USSR-351, Document Number 884-PS proved that this directive had been issued before the war had broken out. We also submitted a document under Document Number USSR-62, the text of a letter from German prisoners of war. This document makes it clear that even before the attack on the U.S.S.R. the armies in ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 28,350 | 28,850 |
crimes. Keitel's hands are stained with the blood of the victims of Le Court and his kind. It was in carrying out Keitel's directive to the effect that "life in the eastern regions was of no value at all," that the soldiers and officers of Hitlerite Germany committed their atrocities. Document Number USSR-51, submitted... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 28,800 | 29,300 |
knowledge. As the representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, I should like to emphasize once again that the criminal plan for the perfidious attack on the Soviet Union, coded by the Hitler clique under the name of the ill-fated Conqueror, Friedrich Barbarossa, is signed not only by Hitler and Keitel, bu... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 29,250 | 29,750 |
transcripts of the sessions of 8 May in order to understand without any confession on his part why he became Hitler's successor when the Hitlerite Reich collapsed to the ground. The important point is not the fact that an admiral was needed at a moment like this, but the fact that in the opinion of Hitler, who so soon ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 29,700 | 30,200 |
his time on one of his visits to the camp: "Laughing, Kaltenbrunner entered the gas chamber; then the prisoners were led from the barracks to execution and all three methods of execution were demonstrated-hanging, shooting in the neck, and gassing" I shall not dwell upon the numerous proofs available, since they have b... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 30,150 | 30,650 |
the monstrous crimes committed by the Hitlerites-crimes unprecedented in history, and which are the subject of this Trial. When, at the Trial, Rosenberg was asked: "Were you not one of Hitler's closest collaborators?" he did not even speak-he shouted in reply: "That is not true, I never was." But however hard Rosenberg... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 30,600 | 31,100 |
was very great indeed. One of the documents submitted by Neurath's counsel and accepted by the Tribunal reads as follows: "There existed at one time in Berlin three sorts of ministries for foreign affairs: Herr Rosenberg's Ministry, Herr Von Ribbentrop's Ministry, and the official ministry on Wilhelmstrasse." And final... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 31,050 | 31,550 |
and of his conferences with Funk, General Thomas, State Secretary Backe and others, on the questions of economic exploitation of the eastern territories, and about his negotiations with Ribbentrop, the SA chief of staff, and the chief of the German Intelligence Service, Admiral Canaris. Already 6 weeks prior to the att... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 31,500 | 32,000 |
indeed, from time to times object to Kodh's actions, it was only because he was afraid of premature publicity, and because he was afraid that Koch's unparalleled ill-treatment of the. Ukrainian people would only strengthen the resistance movement. Rosenberg was influenced by fear and not by any humanitarian considerati... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 31,950 | 32,450 |
willing personally to guarantee that all the art treasures for Linz and other museums which can be utilized for your own plans, my Fuehrer, were factually used for this purpose." On 17 October 1944 Rosenberg wrote to Lammers that for the transport of goods "listed" by his organization, it was necessary to use 1,418,000... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 32,400 | 32,900 |
the National Socialist Reich," but also his active participation in all the crimes against peace and humanity perpetrated by the Hitlerites. 604 29 July 46 Frank. A lawyer by training, the Defendant Hans Frank was one of those who liked to tank about the reception of the "ancient German" law for Germans, about "princip... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 32,850 | 33,350 |
hung up on certain houses to remind the Poles of their national holiday. The following entry then appeared in Frank's diary: ". . . the Governor General decreed that one inhabitant of the male sex is to be taken from every house on which an affixed poster of this kind is not removed and is to be shot. "The Pole must fe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 33,300 | 33,800 |
had of the relations with the Polish population after the war: "I insistently draw your attention"-said Frank-"to the fact that, should peace be concluded, nothing would change in this respect. This peace will signify that we, as a world power, will conduct more firmly than hitherto our general line of policy. This pea... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 33,750 | 34,250 |
as "dreadful" when questioned by his counsel. After this regulation had been carried into effect, many thousands of innocent people became the victims of this decision. The number of executions increased steadily till it amounted to 200 persons executed at one time in Warsaw. The same happened in the streets of all the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 34,200 | 34,700 |
shall do away with him." Or his declaration at the government session of 24 August 1942, when he said: "The fact that we have condemned 1.2 million Jews to starvation may only be mentioned by the way. It stands to reason that if these Jews do not die of starvation, it will precipitate active measures against the Jews."... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 34,650 | 35,150 |
29 July 46 here figure on Mr. Roosevelt's list of war criminals. I have the honor of being Number One. We have therefore become, so to speak, accomplices in the sense of world history. For this very reason we must get together, we must feel together, and it would be ridiculous if we were to let ourselves get involved i... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 35,100 | 35,600 |
East was mainly staffed by officials of the Ministry of the Interior. There is no need to dwell once again on the part played by this administrative machinery, which had been created with the most active co-operation of the Defendant Frick, for the extermination, enslavement and the other inhuman actions carried out ag... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 35,550 | 36,050 |
numbers" of Der Sturmer, intended to incite the SS men to the killing of millions of innocent persons and to justify any atrocity directed against the Jews. These proofs of Streicher's guilt, which were inter alia submitted to the Tribunal, are indisputable and of common knowledge. In 1939 he anticipated Maidanek and T... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 36,000 | 36,500 |
part in Hitler's advent to power. It was he, Schacht, who organized the demand formulated by the German industrialists for Hitler to be appointed Reich Chancellor. As early as 1932 he, Schacht, advised Von Papen, then Reich Chancellor of Germany, to hand over his post to Hitler. It was Schacht again who in 1933 on the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 36,450 | 36,950 |
many years Schacht cumulated the functions of president of the Reichsbank, Minister of Economics and Plenipotentiary for War Economy. If only as a result of these important functions, the Defendant Schacht played an enormous and decisive part in the creation and resurrection of Nazi Germany's war economy and Armed Forc... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 36,900 | 37,400 |
the Reichsbank into depositories for the treasures plundered by the SS men in the eastern and other occupied territories. Funk personally gave the orders, after his negotiations with Himmler, to take into the Reichsbank the gold teeth and plates, the spectacle frames and other valuables belonging to the victims torture... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 37,350 | 37,850 |
most effective measures for the economic plunder of the occupied territories of the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, France, Norway and other countries. At this conference, as well as at the conference of the Central Planning Board, Funk participated in the drafting of plans for the deportation to slav... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 37,800 | 38,300 |
SA, officers of the German Armed Forces and the SS participated in their education; and that intense military training of the youth was being carried out in Germany. For this purpose special agreements were made between the Reich leaders of Hitlerjugend and the OKW, as represented by the Defendant Keitel and the Reichs... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 38,250 | 38,750 |
fact. The Hitlerjugend organization took an active part in the execution of all the measures undertaken by the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories, and this is proved by the report of the Defendant Rosenberg, presented to the Tribunal as Document Number 1039-PS; it also actively participated in the deportatio... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Day | 38,700 | 39,070 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20 One Hundred Eighty-Ninth Day V... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 0 | 500 |
14 into slavery, as well as for the deportation of Ukrainian girls destined by Hitler for Germanization. The Defendant Sauckel has tried to assure the Tribunal that he had complied strictly with the provisions of the Geneva and Hague Conventions concerning the utilization of labor of prisoners of war. His own instructi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 450 | 950 |
he pursues his responsible course with unyielding consistency and tenacity, with a fanatical belief. As one of the most faithful adherents of Hitler, he draws his creative and spiritual strength from the Föhrer's trust in him." When estimating Sauckel's criminal activity, Your Honors will surely consider the tears she... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 900 | 1,400 |
killed about a million and a half human beings. It is also known that Seyss-Inquart, as Frank's deputy, carried out "special tasks" on his behalf. On 8 December 1939 Seyss-Inquart took part in a conference at which the following subjects were discussed: The appointment of Frank as deputy to the Delegate for the Four Ye... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
the Nazis, Papen himself assumed the post of Vice Chancellor in Hitler's Cabinet. In this capacity Von Papen participated in the elaboration and the promulgation of a series of legislative acts aimed at the consolidation of German fascism. And later on, for many years, until the collapse of Hitlerite Germany, Von Papen... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
Atlantic Wall. Speer held an important post in the Government and military machinery of Hitler's Germany and played a direct and active part in planning and realizing the criminal conspiracy. What is Speer's line of defense at the Trial? Speer presents his case in the following way: He was pressed by Hitler to take on ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
fascist fliers bombed peaceful towns and villages, thereby killing women, old men, and children, when the German artillery bombarded Leningrad, when the Hitlerite pirates sank hospital ships, when English towns were bombed by th e V-weapon -- all this came as a result of Speer's activity. Under his leadership the produ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
Constantin von Neurath's part in the consolidation of the Nazi conspirators' power and in the preparation and realization of aggressive plans is a remarkable one. Over a period of many years, whenever traces had to be covered up, when acts of aggression were to be veiled by diplomatic manipulations, Neurath, fascist di... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
Plenipotentiary of the Security Police to the post of his political reporter; if we recall the testimony read to the court of Richard Bienert, the former Czech Minister President under Neurath, in which it says that the Gestapo carried out arrests on orders of the Reich Protector, we can hardly have any doubt but that ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
the students Reich Protector Von Neurath sanctioned this action. I informed Von Neurath in detail of the course of the investigation and he signed the announcement. Had he not agreed and had he demanded a modification of the penalty, or its mitigation-and he had a right to do so -- I would have been obliged to accede t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
problem of the revival of German might is not how we will make weapons but how we will create the spirit which will make our people capable of bearing weapons. If this spirit pervades the people, the will power shall discover thousands of ways and each of them will lead to weapons." I am quoting from Pages 365 and 366 ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
Norway by Germany. He declared, "Nobody was wounded, not one house was destroyed, life and work continued unhindered as before." Meanwhile, the official report presented by the Norwegian Government states: "The German attack against Norway on 9 April 1940 brought war to Norway for the first time in 126 years. For 2 mon... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
crimes which were planned and carried out in order to put that conspiracy into effect. As an active participant in all the Hitlerite crimes, he must bear the fullest responsibility for them. Your Honors, all the defendants have passed before you-m en without honor or conscience; men who hurled the world into an abyss o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
be greeted with satisfaction by all progressive mankind. THE PRESIDENT (Lord Justice Sir Geoffrey Lawrence): Now we will deal with the applications for witnesses and documents by counsel for the SA. MAJOR J. HARCOURT BARRINGTON (Junior Counsel for the United Kingdom): May it please the Tribunal, there were initially se... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
so that the situation will be that for the SA not six but seven witnesses are to be heard, as had been provided for originally. THE, PRESIDENT: Well, what would be the names? HERR BÃHM: Juettner, Bock, Klähn, Schdfer, Van den Borch, Waldenfels, and Grass. But I should like to ask, Mr. President, since I do not as yet... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
object of the Reiterkorps included sporting activities, -although naturally the Prosecution say that was not their only object. With regard to the group of five documents, I think I can take that quite briefly. I have prepared a short summary, which I think the Tribunal have at the back of that sheaf of papers. THE PRE... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
not intend to discuss the contents to the extent to which the representative of the Prosecution has done it now. I should not like to be accused of trying to make National Socialist propaganda. But we are confronted here with short quotations from English and American writers which cause no difficulties in translating,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
I have already made applications for these witnesses, for the witness Fuss on 25 April; for the witness Lucke, on 7 May; for the witness Waldenfels, on 21 May; for the witness Von Alvensleben, on 20 May; for the witness Dr. Geyer, on 25 April; and for the witness Dr. Meder, on 25 April of this year. These witnesses are... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
would not necessarily have to be heard before the Commission or the Tribunal. These witnesses have been sent back after they had signed an affidavit. THE PRESIDENT: I am asking you how many. How many? Can't you answer? HERR BÃHM: Altogether? I would like to know whether the question is designed to mean the people who ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
on affidavit. HERR BÃHM: Yes. THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Barrington, with reference to the Reich Cabinet, I see there is one witness that has not yet been granted as a witness, and that is the witness Schlegelberger, who has not yet appeared before the Commission. Yes, Dr. Kempner? DR. ROBERT KEMPNER (Assistant Trial Counsel ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
PRESIDENT: Very well. DR. SERVATIUS: Then I submit ... THE PRESIDENT: Wait a minute. You will adjust that with the General Secretary as to whether or not it is ne cessary to give these transcripts on evidence before the Commission an exhibit number or not? DR.SERVATIUS: Yes, I will adjust it. Then I will submit a list ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
into 12 groups? DR. SERVATIUS: Yes. THE PRESIDENT: And you have 12 collective affidavits for these 12 groups? DR. SERVATIUS: Yes. THE PRESIDENT: To be appended to each of these 12 collective affidavits are two or three ... DR. SERVATIUS: There are three. As I have just seen, a larger number is appended. I will go over ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
you know anything about conditions in other Gaue? KAUFMANN: More or less, yes. DR. SERVATIUS: In 1921 you joined the Party and after the dissolution of the Party again in 1925? KAUFMANN: Yes. DR. SERVATIUS: And in the meantime you were a laborer, from 1921 to 1925, in the Ruhr district and in Upper Bavaria? KAUFMANN: N... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
as in any party, essentially to make propaganda for the Party idea, to organize the Party, and in election campaigns to recruit votes among the p9pulation for the success of the Party. After the seizure of power, the essential activity of the political leaders consisted primarily in social welfare work for the populati... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
work in the Gau under all circumstances because, as you can understand, I did not expect any political success from forced co-operation. I know that the matter was dealt with in a similar way in other Gaue. DR. SERVATIUS: Why did Party members refuse to take honorary offices as political leaders; was this done for poli... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
in 1932, in a limited form until the departure of Hess, but it altogether disappeared when Hess was no longer there. From this time on, the meetings consisted exclusively of the issuing of orders, at which there was no possibility for discussion or for inquiry. These meetings were directed by Bormann. The other way was... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
the firm conviction that this aim would have to be achieved by way of revision, that is, by way of negotiation. The political leaders never received any other instruction on methods by which to attain this goal in all the time before the war. DR. SERVATIUS: Did you receive instructions on Point 3 of the program, which ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
the entry of German troops? Did the political leaders approve of this? KAUFMANN: I have already mentioned that the political leaders were neither informed nor questioned on the entry of German troops into Austria and that they welcomed the Anschluss all the more because it is a historical fact that the Austrian people ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
rejected. In every party, and in the NSDAP as well, much thinking and discussing centered around the final aims of the Party, and this process was by no means completed. DR. SERVATIUS: Were there then various tendencies in the Party? KAUFMANN: In important questions of interpretation of the program points, yes. DR. SER... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
How were the subordinate Kreis- and Ortsgruppenleiter instructed? KAUFMANN: To answer this question one must make a distinction between the city Gaue on the one hand and the provincial Gaue, on the other. In the city Gau of Hamburg the political leaders were frequently called together and received their instructions an... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
the camps to ascertain whether this was done. DR. SERVATIUS: What about the concentration camps with regard to foreigners? Did you have instructions to put or help put foreigners in concentration camps? Did you know of what happened in the concentration camps? KAUFMANN: I assume that the question of competence for the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
had the obligation, where there were deficiencies and poor conditions, to take steps together with the Labor Front and industrial leaders to remedy them immediately. DR. SERVATIUS: What was the relationship of the political leaders to the State organizations, administrations, and other institutions? KAUFMANN: The funct... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
an exaggeration? KAUFMANN: I am convinced that not all institutions were at that time National Socialist. SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: But you would agree that the vast majority of institutions were National Socialist? KAUFMANN: They were in the process of becoming National Socialist, but that process had not been completed... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
morning of the 10th, and I just want you to look at Paragraph 1: "The chiefs of the local State Police offices or their deputies must get in contact by telephone with the Political Leaders (Gauleitung or Kreisleitung) who have jurisdiction over their districts and have to arrange a joint meeting with the appropriate in... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
measure was in the hands of Commissioner Winke of the Criminal Police, to whom I sent a Gau inspector to assist him. After receiving the information through the State Police I immediately called up all the Kreisleiter and made them responsible for the prevention of this action in their districts. SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
is not correct, the Corps of Political Leaders was not required to accept orders from Heydrich. Orders to the Political Leaders could be issued solely by the Gauleiter, who received his directives from the Fuehrer or from the Deputy of the Fuehrer, or from the Party Chancellery. SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: Well, do you rem... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
that there were then 16 cases which came up before the Supreme Party Court, and the first three cases are matters-oh, yes, there is just one point I should have drawn attention to. Just before you come to the first case: "Gau leaders and group leaders of the branches served-, as jurors at the trials and decisions. The ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
are these members of the Party brought up before the Court of the Party, and the Court of the Party is condoning and conniving at murder. That is my point, and I want you to give your explanation as to why you connive and condone at murder. KAUFMANN: I saw this document which has just been submitted to me for the first... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
examination must be, according to the policy of the Supreme Party Court, on the one hand, to. protect those Party comrades who, motivated by their decent National Socialist attitude and initiative, had overshot their mark and, on the other hand, to draw a dividing line between the Party and those who for personal reaso... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
strength of this committee will be determined by the Kreisleiter. You are to inform the Gau propaganda directorate at once of the committees named. The Gau propaganda directorate will then contact these committees through you." Then it goes on to suggest a considerable number of measures against Jews, including refrain... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
the first paragraph to you to explain it: "The ReichsFuehrer SS has come to an arrangement with the Reich Minister of Justice, Thierack, whereby the courts will not ask for the usual legal procedure in the cases of Poles and Eastern nationals. These persons of alien race are in future to be handed over to the Police. J... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: So it is your answer that you cannot tell the Tribunal. You cannot imagine any circumstances which would cause Herr Streckenbach to send these instructions to the Higher SS and Police Leader and one-half dozen Police districts? You cannot think of anything that would cause that paragraph to come... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
other point on the Jews. Would you look at "Die Lage"? [The document was submitted to the witness.] My Lord, this will be Exhibit GB-534. My Lord, there are copies of the relevant extracts. "Die Lage" is the situation report giving the military political situation of the day. [Turning to the witness.] You will see, if ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
Jews in Hungary, everyone who got "Die Lage" knew what the Germans were doing with regard to the Hungarian Jews, did they not? KAUFMANN: I have to disappoint you, Mr. Prosecutor, because I myself see this magazine today for the first time. I do not deny that it was sent to me but I never read it, maybe through lack of ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
was a very restricted distribution if it got to the NSDAP at H"ngen. I am right, am I not, that H"ngen is a village near Aachen? Is that not right? KAUFMANN: I do not know whether it is a village near Aachen. I can only see a note in handwriting here, I do not know who wrote it. I see this for the first time today. SIR... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
the parachutist if he could not arrest him? What is the purpose of all this secrecy if "unsch"dlich gemacht" had not that meaning? Why have you got about 15 different provisions as to the secrecy of this order if it did not mean murder? There is nothing else secret in the order, is there? Nothing else that you could no... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
lynching of Allied airmen. That is what it comes to is it not? Well, now, I just want to remind you, that was not the end. My Lord, if Your Lordship turns to Pages 39 and 40-that is 41, Witness, in your document book. That is on the 30th of May 1944. THE PRESIDENT: Did not the witness say then that according to his und... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
MAXWELL-FYFE: But you do not dispute, do you, Witness, that the purpose of that order was to encourage everyone down to Ortsgruppenleiter not to interfere with the lynching of airmen? KAUFMANN: No, that is quite evident from the wording ... SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: I am not going to argue with written document. I prefer... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
Well, now, would you look at Page I of that last book. It is Page 7 of your book and Page 1 of the English book. That is dated the 12th of December 1941 and it deals with a secret decree of the Reichsleiter Bormann regarding the relationship of National Socialism to Christendom. If you would look at the first paragraph... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
fakers are eliminated and suppressed by the State, so must the possibility of Church influence also be totally removed." Now that it is recalled to your memory, I should not think that you should have forgotten a decree couched in such, shall we say extraordinary language as that; do you remember it? KAUFMANN: Yes. SIR... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
KAUFMANN: I was a Catholic. SIR DAVJD MAXWELL-FYFE: I take it quite surely you will follow it. You will know who the people are and so forth. This is an incident on the 27th of March 1935, when Cardinal Faulhaber was preaching in the cathedral at Freising and the local branch of the Party wanted to take a record of the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
with the Party matters. But what I want to ask you about is this: The Kreisleiterin, leader of the district women, she would be the women's leader on the Kreis staff of the Party, would she not? If I am wrong, correct me. Is that her position? KAUFMANN: Yes. SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: And she would not have taken that act... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
have been examined. I do not know how I can reply to these new documents. THE PRESIDENT: I am sure Sir David will let the counsel for the defense have the documents as soon as possible, and if it is impossible for the counsel to re-examine them when he comes to them, he can reply on the document later. SIR DAVID MAXWEL... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
(to, the latter with a report of the case). The pastor Strack is sufficiently well known and ripe for the concentration camp or the Special Court. His reported statement before fellow-Germans constitutes an infringement of the law against malice. In any case, the fellow must disappear from the territory of the Kreis or... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
documents together, the connection shows that there is a definite change. Now, My Lord, the third document is D-884, which will become Exhibit GB-539 and, My Lord, that is dated 28 March 1944. It is a Party order, issued in the Gau Baden-Alsace, issued from Strasbourg on 28 March 1944 and you will see it is headed "Gau... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
Kreis peasant leader, all cases of pregnancy which have hitherto occurred and all children hitherto born. An examination in accordance wit h the new directives of all children of foreign female workers who were taken under the care of the NSV already before the issue of the new instructions is also necessary." Your-Lor... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol20): One Hundred and Ninetieth Day | 24,750 | 25,250 |
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