tasksource/deberta-small-long-nli
Zero-Shot Classification • 0.1B • Updated • 19.3k • • 49
context stringclasses 269
values | id_string stringlengths 15 16 | answers sequencelengths 5 5 | label int64 0 4 | question stringlengths 34 417 |
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For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_1 | [
"Folk artists employed more principles of African oral tradition in their works than did Phillis Wheatley in her poetry.",
"Although Phillis Wheatley had to overcome significant barriers in learning English, she mastered the literary conventions of eighteenth-century English as well as African aesthetic canons.",... | 2 | Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_2 | [
"translated Italian literary forms into the American idiom",
"combined Italian and American literary traditions into a new form of poetic expression",
"contributed to the development of a distinctive Italian American literary style",
"defined artistic expression in terms of eighteenth-century Italian poetic c... | 4 | The approach to poetry taken by a modern-day Italian immigrant in America would be most analogous to Phillis Wheatley's approach, as it is described in the passage, if the immigrant |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_3 | [
"the religious music of colonists in New England",
"the folk art of colonists in New England",
"formal written English",
"American speech patterns",
"eighteenth-century aesthetic principles"
] | 3 | According to the passage, African languages had a notable influence on |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_4 | [
"cannot be written by those who are not raised knowing its conventions",
"has little influence on the way language is actually spoken",
"substitutes its own conventions for the aesthetic principles of the past",
"does not admit the use of street language and casual talk",
"is ultimately rejected because its... | 3 | By a "closed system" of poetry (lines 34–35), the author most probably means poetry that |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_5 | [
"generalized feelings",
"Americanized English",
"themes from folk art",
"casual talk",
"Black speech"
] | 0 | According to the passage, the standards of eighteenth-century English poetry permitted Wheatley to include which one of the following in her poetry? |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_6 | [
"Wheatley's poetry was admired in England for its faithfulness to the conventions of neoclassical poetry.",
"Wheatley compiled a history in English of her family's experiences in Africa and America.",
"The language barriers that Wheatley overcame were eventually transcended by all who were brought from Africa a... | 4 | Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument concerning the role that Wheatley played in the evolution of an African American literary language? |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_7 | [
"affected the manner in which slaves and freed Black people spoke English",
"defined African American artistic expression in terms of earlier works",
"adopted the standards of eighteenth-century English poetry",
"combined elements of the English literary tradition with those of the African oral tradition",
... | 3 | It can be inferred that the author of the passage would most probably have praised Phillis Wheatley's poetry more if it had |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_8 | [
"enthusiastic advocacy",
"qualified admiration",
"dispassionate impartiality",
"detached ambivalence",
"perfunctory dismissal"
] | 1 | Which one of the following most accurately characterizes the author's attitude with respect to Phillis Wheatley's literary accomplishments? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_9 | [
"Antithetical scientific disciplines can both stimulate and hinder one another's research in complex ways.",
"Antithetical scientific disciplines often interact with one another in ways that can be highly useful.",
"As disciplines such as cytology and biochemistry advance, their interaction necessarily leads to... | 1 | Which one of the following best states the central idea of the passage? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_10 | [
"maps of chromosomes",
"chemical nature of protoplasm",
"spatial relationship of molecules within the cell",
"role of enzymes in biological processes",
"sequence of the movement of chromosomes during cell division"
] | 4 | The passage states that in the late nineteenth century cytologists deduced the |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_11 | [
"among cytologists",
"among biochemists",
"between cytologists and biochemists",
"between cytologists and geneticists",
"between biochemists and geneticists"
] | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that in the late nineteenth century the debate over the structural nature of protoplasm (lines 25–29) was most likely carried on |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_12 | [
"the methods of biochemistry were inadequate to account for all of the chemical reactions that occurred in cytological preparations",
"the methods of biochemistry could not adequately discover and explain the structures of living cells",
"biochemists were not interested in the nature of protoplasm",
"biochemi... | 1 | According to the passage, cytologists in the late nineteenth century were critical of the cell research of biochemists because cytologists believed that |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_13 | [
"restate the author's own conclusions",
"provide new evidence about the relationship of cytology to biochemistry",
"summarize the position of the biochemists described in the passage",
"illustrate the difficulties encountered in the synthesis of disciplines",
"emphasize the ascendancy of the theories of bio... | 0 | The author quotes Fruton (lines 62–64) primarily in order to |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_14 | [
"The theory was formulated before the appearance of molecular biology.",
"The theory was formulated before the initial discovery of cell architecture.",
"The theory was formulated after the completion of chromosome mapping.",
"The theory was formulated after a synthesis of the ideas of cytologists and biochem... | 0 | Which one of the following inferences about when the enzyme theory of life was formulated can be drawn from the passage? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_15 | [
"The secret of cell function resides in the structure of the cell.",
"Only by discovering the chemical composition of protoplasm can the processes of the cell be understood.",
"Scientific knowledge about the chemical composition of the cell can help to explain behavioral patterns in organisms.",
"The most imp... | 1 | Which one of the following statements about cells is most compatible with the views of late nineteenth-century biochemists as those views are described in the passage? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_16 | [
"An account of a process is given, and then the reason for its occurrence is stated.",
"A set of examples is provided, and then a conclusion is drawn from them.",
"A general proposition is stated, and then an example is given.",
"A statement of principles is made, and then a rationale for them is debated.",
... | 2 | Which one of the following best describes the organization of the material presented in the passage? |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_17 | [
"rules of legality",
"dramatic reenactment of the crime",
"the search for relevant facts",
"the victim's personal pursuit of revenge",
"police testimony about the crime"
] | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that the crucial factor in a trial under the adversarial system is |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_18 | [
"passive observer",
"biased referee",
"uninvolved administrator",
"aggressive investigator",
"involved manager"
] | 4 | The author sees the judge's primary role in a trial under the inquisitorial system as that of |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_19 | [
"defendant to the courts",
"victim to society",
"defendant to the prosecutor",
"courts to a law enforcement agency",
"victim to the judge"
] | 1 | According to the passage, a central distinction between the system of private vengeance and the two modern criminal procedure systems was the shift in responsibility for initiating legal action against a criminal from the |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_20 | [
"It is based on cooperation rather than conflict.",
"It encourages full disclosure of evidence.",
"It requires that the judge play an active role in the conduct of the trial.",
"It places the defendant in charge of his or her defense.",
"It favors the innocent."
] | 3 | All of the following are characteristics of the inquisitorial system that the author cites EXCEPT: |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_21 | [
"doubtful that its judges can be both directive and protective",
"satisfied that it has potential for uncovering the relevant facts in a case",
"optimistic that it will replace the adversarial system",
"wary about its down playing of legal rules",
"critical of its close relationship with the private vengean... | 1 | The author's attitude toward the inquisitorial system can best be described as |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_22 | [
"significant prestige and a title",
"\"know-how\" in a particular field",
"a long and difficult educational endeavor",
"a commitment to political justice",
"a public confession of devotion to a way of life"
] | 4 | According to the author, which one of the following is required in order that one be a professional? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_23 | [
"Medicine is defined as a profession because of the etymology of the word \"profession.\"",
"It is a mistake to pay special honor to the knowledge and skills of physicians.",
"The work of physicians is under attack only because it is widely misunderstood.",
"The correct reason that physicians are professional... | 3 | Which one of the following best expresses the main point made by the author in the passage? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_24 | [
"the author's belief that it is futile to resist the trend toward defining the physician's work as a trade",
"the author's dislike of governmental regulation and consumer advocacy",
"the author's inquiry into the nature of the practice of medicine",
"the author's suggestions for rallying sensible people to a ... | 2 | The question posed by the author in lines 7–10 of the passage introduces which one of the following? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_25 | [
"how society generally treats physicians",
"that the practice of medicine is analogous to teaching",
"that being a professional is in part a public act",
"the specific knowledge on which trades are based",
"how a livelihood is different from a profession"
] | 3 | In the passage, the author mentions or suggests all of the following EXCEPT |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_26 | [
"eager that the work of one group of professionals, physicians, be viewed from a new perspective",
"sympathetic toward professionals who have become demoralized by public opinion",
"surprised that professionals have been balked by governmental regulations and threats of litigation",
"dismayed that most profes... | 4 | The author's attitude towards professionals is best described as |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_27 | [
"A skilled handicraft is a manual art acquired by habituation that enables tradespeople to tread regularly and reliably along the same path.",
"Critics might argue that being a doctor, for example, requires no ethical or public act; thus medicine, as such, is morally neutral, does not bind character, and can be u... | 1 | Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that which one of the following would most logically begin a paragraph immediately following the passage? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_28 | [
"The author locates the \"something else\" that truly constitutes a profession.",
"The author dismisses efforts to redefine the meaning of the term \"profession.\"",
"The author considers, and largely criticizes, several definitions of what constitutes a profession.",
"The author clarifies the meaning of the ... | 2 | Which one of the following best describes the author's purpose in lines 18–42 of the passage? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_1 | [
"his exploitation of ambiguous and deceptive meanings",
"his care and craft in composing poems",
"his use of naming and enumeration",
"his use of first-person narrative",
"his strong religious beliefs"
] | 2 | The author mentions which one of the following as an example of the influence of Black folk culture on Hughes's poetry? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_2 | [
"evidence of his use of oral techniques in his poetry",
"evidence of his thoughtful deliberation in composing his poems",
"his scrupulous concern for representative details in his poetry",
"his incorporation of Western European literary techniques in his poetry",
"his engagement with social and political is... | 1 | The author suggests that the "deceptive veil" (line 42) in Hughes's poetry obscures |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_3 | [
"Its publication marked an advance in the intrinsic quality of African American art.",
"It paved the way for publication of Hughes's The Weary Blues by making African American art fashionable.",
"It was an authentic replication of African American spirituals and \"sorrow songs.\"",
"It demonstrated the extent... | 3 | With which one of the following statements regarding Jubilee Songs of the United States would the author be most likely to agree? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_4 | [
"indicate that modes of expression acceptable in the context of slavery in the South were acceptable only to a small number of White writers in the North after the Civil War",
"contrast White writers' earlier appreciation of these songs with the growing tendency after the Civil War to regard Europeanized versions... | 1 | The author most probably mentions the reactions of northern White writers to non-Europeanized "sorrow songs" in order to |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_5 | [
"The requirement was imposed more for social than for aesthetic reasons.",
"The requirement was a relatively unimportant aspect of the African American tradition.",
"The requirement was the chief reason for Hughes's success as a writer.",
"The requirement was appropriate for some forms of expression but not f... | 0 | The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the requirement that Black writers employ Western European literary techniques? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_6 | [
"its novelty compared to other works of African American literature",
"its subtle understatement compared to that of other kinds of folk literature",
"its virtuosity in adapting musical forms to language",
"its expression of the folk culture of Black people",
"its universality of appeal achieved through the... | 3 | Which one of the following aspects of Hughes's poetry does the author appear to value most highly? |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_7 | [
"During what period did the railroad reach the zenith of its popularity in the United States?",
"How extensive was the impact of the railroad on the Industrial Revolution in the United States, relative to that of other modern innovations?",
"Who are some of the writers of the 1830s who expressed ambivalence tow... | 4 | The passage provides information to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT: |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_8 | [
"the attitude of a minority of intellectuals toward technological innovation that began after 1830",
"a commonly held attitude toward the railroad during the 1830s",
"an ambivalent view of the railroad expressed by many poets and novelists between 1880 and 1930",
"a critique of social and economic development... | 1 | According to the author of the passage, Stilgoe uses the phrase "romantic-era distrust" (line 13) to imply that the view he is referring to was |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_9 | [
"influenced by the writings of Frank Norris, Eugene O'Neill, and Henry Adams",
"similar to that of the minority of writers who had expressed ambivalence toward the railroad prior to the 1880s",
"consistent with the public attitudes toward the railroad that were reflected in works of popular culture after the 18... | 1 | According to the author, the attitude toward the railroad that was reflected in writings of Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, and F. Scott Fitzgerald was |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_10 | [
"work of a large group of writers that was published between 1880 and 1930 and that in Stilgoe's view was highly critical of the railroad",
"work of writers who were heavily influenced by Hawthorne and Thoreau",
"large volume of writing produced by Henry Adams, Sinclair Lewis, and Eugene O'Neill",
"work of jo... | 4 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author uses the phrase "works of popular culture" (line 41) primarily to refer to the |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_11 | [
"Their work never achieved broad popular appeal.",
"Their ideas were disseminated to a large audience by the popular culture of the early 1800s.",
"Their work expressed a more positive attitude toward the railroad than did that of Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, and F. Scott Fitzgerald.",
"Although they were pri... | 2 | Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the work of Frank Norris, Eugene O'Neill, and Henry Adams? |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_12 | [
"It is impossible to know exactly what period historians are referring to when they use the term \"romantic era.\"",
"The writing of intellectuals often anticipates ideas and movements that are later embraced by popular culture.",
"Writers who were not popular in their own time tell us little about the age in w... | 3 | It can be inferred from the passage that Stilgoe would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements regarding the study of cultural history? |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_13 | [
"evaluate one scholar's view of public attitudes toward the railroad in the United States from the early nineteenth to the early twentieth century",
"review the treatment of the railroad in American literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries",
"survey the views of cultural historians regarding the rai... | 0 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_14 | [
"illustrate an organism's functional adaptive response to changing environmental conditions",
"prove that organisms can exhibit three basic adaptive responses to changing environmental conditions",
"explain the differences in form and function between micropterous and macropterous water bugs and analyze the eff... | 3 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_15 | [
"The number of developmental responses among the water-bug population would decrease.",
"Both micropterous and macropterous water bugs would show an acclimatory response.",
"The generation of water bugs to be hatched during the subsequent spring would contain an unusually large number of macropterous individual... | 3 | The passage supplies information to suggest that which one of the following would happen if a pond inhabited by water bugs were to dry up in June? |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_16 | [
"eggs formed by water bugs in the autumn would probably produce a higher than usual proportion of macropterous individuals",
"eggs formed by water bugs in the autumn would probably produce an entire summer generation of water bugs with smaller than normal wings",
"eggs of the overwintering generation formed in ... | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that if the winter months of a particular year were unusually warm, the |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_17 | [
"the overwintering generation forms two sets of eggs, one exposed to the colder temperatures of winter and one exposed only to the warmer temperatures of spring",
"the eggs that produce micropterous and macropterous adults are morphologically different",
"water bugs respond to seasonal changes by making an accl... | 0 | According to the passage, the dimorphic wing structure of the summer generation of water bugs occurs because |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_18 | [
"thickening of the plumage of some birds in the autumn",
"increase in pulse rate during vigorous exercise",
"gradual darkening of the skin after exposure to sunlight",
"gradual enlargement of muscles as a result of weight lifting",
"development of a heavy fat layer in bears before hibernation"
] | 1 | It can be inferred from the passage that which one of the following is an example of a regulatory response? |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_19 | [
"be made up of equal numbers of macropterous and micropterous individuals",
"lay its eggs during the winter in order to expose them to cold",
"show a marked inability to fly from one pond to another",
"exhibit genetically determined differences in wing form from the early spring-hatched generation",
"contai... | 4 | According to the passage, the generation of water bugs hatching during the summer is likely to |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_20 | [
"the function of the summer generation's dimorphism",
"the irreversibility of most developmental adaptive responses in water bugs",
"the effect of temperature on developing water-bug eggs",
"the morphological difference between the summer generation and the overwintering generation of water bugs",
"the func... | 2 | The author mentions laboratory experiments with adult water bugs (lines 63–66) in order to illustrate which one of the following? |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_21 | [
"Biological phenomena are presented, examples of their occurrence are compared and contrasted, and one particular example is illustrated in detail.",
"A description of related biological phenomena is stated, and two of those phenomena are explained in detail with illustrated examples.",
"Three related biologica... | 0 | Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage? |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_22 | [
"showing how the Vietnam conflict led to a new interpretation of the Constitution's provisions for use of the military",
"arguing that the War Powers Resolution of 1973 is an attempt to reclaim a share of constitutionally concurrent power that had been usurped by the President",
"outlining the history of the st... | 1 | In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_23 | [
"assumes that the President and Congress will agree on whether troops should be used",
"provides a clear-cut division of authority between the President and Congress in the decision to use troops",
"assigns a greater role to the Congress than to the President in deciding whether troops should be used",
"grant... | 4 | With regard to the use of United States troops in a foreign conflict without a formal declaration of war by the United States, the author believes that the United States Constitution does which one of the following? |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_24 | [
"a change in the attitude in Congress toward exercising its role in the use of armed forces",
"the failure of Presidents to uphold commitments specified in defense treaties",
"Congress's desire to be consulted concerning United States military actions instigated by the President",
"the amount of money spent o... | 1 | The passage suggests that each of the following contributed to Congress's enacting the War Powers Resolution of 1973 EXCEPT |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_25 | [
"Congress has enacted other laws that already set out presidential requirements for situations in which war has been declared",
"by virtue of declaring war, Congress already implicitly participates in the decision to deploy troops",
"the President generally receives broad public support during wars that have be... | 1 | It can be inferred from the passage that the War Powers Resolution of 1973 is applicable only in "the absence of a declaration of war" (lines 48–49) because |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_26 | [
"is not in accord with the explicit roles of the President and Congress as defined in the Constitution",
"interferes with the role of the President as commander in chief of the armed forces",
"signals Congress's commitment to fulfill a role intended for it by the Constitution",
"fails explicitly to address th... | 2 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that the War Powers Resolution of 1973 |
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