context stringclasses 269
values | id_string stringlengths 15 16 | answers listlengths 5 5 | label int64 0 4 | question stringlengths 34 417 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_1 | [
"Folk artists employed more principles of African oral tradition in their works than did Phillis Wheatley in her poetry.",
"Although Phillis Wheatley had to overcome significant barriers in learning English, she mastered the literary conventions of eighteenth-century English as well as African aesthetic canons.",... | 2 | Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_2 | [
"translated Italian literary forms into the American idiom",
"combined Italian and American literary traditions into a new form of poetic expression",
"contributed to the development of a distinctive Italian American literary style",
"defined artistic expression in terms of eighteenth-century Italian poetic c... | 4 | The approach to poetry taken by a modern-day Italian immigrant in America would be most analogous to Phillis Wheatley's approach, as it is described in the passage, if the immigrant |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_3 | [
"the religious music of colonists in New England",
"the folk art of colonists in New England",
"formal written English",
"American speech patterns",
"eighteenth-century aesthetic principles"
] | 3 | According to the passage, African languages had a notable influence on |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_4 | [
"cannot be written by those who are not raised knowing its conventions",
"has little influence on the way language is actually spoken",
"substitutes its own conventions for the aesthetic principles of the past",
"does not admit the use of street language and casual talk",
"is ultimately rejected because its... | 3 | By a "closed system" of poetry (lines 34–35), the author most probably means poetry that |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_5 | [
"generalized feelings",
"Americanized English",
"themes from folk art",
"casual talk",
"Black speech"
] | 0 | According to the passage, the standards of eighteenth-century English poetry permitted Wheatley to include which one of the following in her poetry? |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_6 | [
"Wheatley's poetry was admired in England for its faithfulness to the conventions of neoclassical poetry.",
"Wheatley compiled a history in English of her family's experiences in Africa and America.",
"The language barriers that Wheatley overcame were eventually transcended by all who were brought from Africa a... | 4 | Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument concerning the role that Wheatley played in the evolution of an African American literary language? |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_7 | [
"affected the manner in which slaves and freed Black people spoke English",
"defined African American artistic expression in terms of earlier works",
"adopted the standards of eighteenth-century English poetry",
"combined elements of the English literary tradition with those of the African oral tradition",
... | 3 | It can be inferred that the author of the passage would most probably have praised Phillis Wheatley's poetry more if it had |
For the poet Phillis Wheatley, who was brought to colonial New England as a slave in 1761, the formal literary code of eighteenth-century English was thrice removed: by the initial barrier of the unfamiliar English language, by the discrepancy between spoken and literary forms of English, and by the African tradition o... | 199106_1-RC_1_8 | [
"enthusiastic advocacy",
"qualified admiration",
"dispassionate impartiality",
"detached ambivalence",
"perfunctory dismissal"
] | 1 | Which one of the following most accurately characterizes the author's attitude with respect to Phillis Wheatley's literary accomplishments? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_9 | [
"Antithetical scientific disciplines can both stimulate and hinder one another's research in complex ways.",
"Antithetical scientific disciplines often interact with one another in ways that can be highly useful.",
"As disciplines such as cytology and biochemistry advance, their interaction necessarily leads to... | 1 | Which one of the following best states the central idea of the passage? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_10 | [
"maps of chromosomes",
"chemical nature of protoplasm",
"spatial relationship of molecules within the cell",
"role of enzymes in biological processes",
"sequence of the movement of chromosomes during cell division"
] | 4 | The passage states that in the late nineteenth century cytologists deduced the |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_11 | [
"among cytologists",
"among biochemists",
"between cytologists and biochemists",
"between cytologists and geneticists",
"between biochemists and geneticists"
] | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that in the late nineteenth century the debate over the structural nature of protoplasm (lines 25–29) was most likely carried on |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_12 | [
"the methods of biochemistry were inadequate to account for all of the chemical reactions that occurred in cytological preparations",
"the methods of biochemistry could not adequately discover and explain the structures of living cells",
"biochemists were not interested in the nature of protoplasm",
"biochemi... | 1 | According to the passage, cytologists in the late nineteenth century were critical of the cell research of biochemists because cytologists believed that |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_13 | [
"restate the author's own conclusions",
"provide new evidence about the relationship of cytology to biochemistry",
"summarize the position of the biochemists described in the passage",
"illustrate the difficulties encountered in the synthesis of disciplines",
"emphasize the ascendancy of the theories of bio... | 0 | The author quotes Fruton (lines 62–64) primarily in order to |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_14 | [
"The theory was formulated before the appearance of molecular biology.",
"The theory was formulated before the initial discovery of cell architecture.",
"The theory was formulated after the completion of chromosome mapping.",
"The theory was formulated after a synthesis of the ideas of cytologists and biochem... | 0 | Which one of the following inferences about when the enzyme theory of life was formulated can be drawn from the passage? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_15 | [
"The secret of cell function resides in the structure of the cell.",
"Only by discovering the chemical composition of protoplasm can the processes of the cell be understood.",
"Scientific knowledge about the chemical composition of the cell can help to explain behavioral patterns in organisms.",
"The most imp... | 1 | Which one of the following statements about cells is most compatible with the views of late nineteenth-century biochemists as those views are described in the passage? |
One scientific discipline, during its early stages of development, is often related to another as an antithesis to its thesis. The thesis discipline tends to concern itself with discovery and classification of phenomena, to offer holistic explanations emphasizing pattern and form, and to use existing theory to explain ... | 199106_1-RC_2_16 | [
"An account of a process is given, and then the reason for its occurrence is stated.",
"A set of examples is provided, and then a conclusion is drawn from them.",
"A general proposition is stated, and then an example is given.",
"A statement of principles is made, and then a rationale for them is debated.",
... | 2 | Which one of the following best describes the organization of the material presented in the passage? |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_17 | [
"rules of legality",
"dramatic reenactment of the crime",
"the search for relevant facts",
"the victim's personal pursuit of revenge",
"police testimony about the crime"
] | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that the crucial factor in a trial under the adversarial system is |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_18 | [
"passive observer",
"biased referee",
"uninvolved administrator",
"aggressive investigator",
"involved manager"
] | 4 | The author sees the judge's primary role in a trial under the inquisitorial system as that of |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_19 | [
"defendant to the courts",
"victim to society",
"defendant to the prosecutor",
"courts to a law enforcement agency",
"victim to the judge"
] | 1 | According to the passage, a central distinction between the system of private vengeance and the two modern criminal procedure systems was the shift in responsibility for initiating legal action against a criminal from the |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_20 | [
"It is based on cooperation rather than conflict.",
"It encourages full disclosure of evidence.",
"It requires that the judge play an active role in the conduct of the trial.",
"It places the defendant in charge of his or her defense.",
"It favors the innocent."
] | 3 | All of the following are characteristics of the inquisitorial system that the author cites EXCEPT: |
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent. The modern adver... | 199106_1-RC_3_21 | [
"doubtful that its judges can be both directive and protective",
"satisfied that it has potential for uncovering the relevant facts in a case",
"optimistic that it will replace the adversarial system",
"wary about its down playing of legal rules",
"critical of its close relationship with the private vengean... | 1 | The author's attitude toward the inquisitorial system can best be described as |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_22 | [
"significant prestige and a title",
"\"know-how\" in a particular field",
"a long and difficult educational endeavor",
"a commitment to political justice",
"a public confession of devotion to a way of life"
] | 4 | According to the author, which one of the following is required in order that one be a professional? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_23 | [
"Medicine is defined as a profession because of the etymology of the word \"profession.\"",
"It is a mistake to pay special honor to the knowledge and skills of physicians.",
"The work of physicians is under attack only because it is widely misunderstood.",
"The correct reason that physicians are professional... | 3 | Which one of the following best expresses the main point made by the author in the passage? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_24 | [
"the author's belief that it is futile to resist the trend toward defining the physician's work as a trade",
"the author's dislike of governmental regulation and consumer advocacy",
"the author's inquiry into the nature of the practice of medicine",
"the author's suggestions for rallying sensible people to a ... | 2 | The question posed by the author in lines 7–10 of the passage introduces which one of the following? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_25 | [
"how society generally treats physicians",
"that the practice of medicine is analogous to teaching",
"that being a professional is in part a public act",
"the specific knowledge on which trades are based",
"how a livelihood is different from a profession"
] | 3 | In the passage, the author mentions or suggests all of the following EXCEPT |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_26 | [
"eager that the work of one group of professionals, physicians, be viewed from a new perspective",
"sympathetic toward professionals who have become demoralized by public opinion",
"surprised that professionals have been balked by governmental regulations and threats of litigation",
"dismayed that most profes... | 4 | The author's attitude towards professionals is best described as |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_27 | [
"A skilled handicraft is a manual art acquired by habituation that enables tradespeople to tread regularly and reliably along the same path.",
"Critics might argue that being a doctor, for example, requires no ethical or public act; thus medicine, as such, is morally neutral, does not bind character, and can be u... | 1 | Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that which one of the following would most logically begin a paragraph immediately following the passage? |
Outside the medical profession, there are various efforts to cut medicine down to size: not only widespread malpractice litigation and massive governmental regulation, but also attempts by consumer groups and others to redefine medicine as a trade rather than as a profession, and the physician as merely a technician fo... | 199106_1-RC_4_28 | [
"The author locates the \"something else\" that truly constitutes a profession.",
"The author dismisses efforts to redefine the meaning of the term \"profession.\"",
"The author considers, and largely criticizes, several definitions of what constitutes a profession.",
"The author clarifies the meaning of the ... | 2 | Which one of the following best describes the author's purpose in lines 18–42 of the passage? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_1 | [
"his exploitation of ambiguous and deceptive meanings",
"his care and craft in composing poems",
"his use of naming and enumeration",
"his use of first-person narrative",
"his strong religious beliefs"
] | 2 | The author mentions which one of the following as an example of the influence of Black folk culture on Hughes's poetry? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_2 | [
"evidence of his use of oral techniques in his poetry",
"evidence of his thoughtful deliberation in composing his poems",
"his scrupulous concern for representative details in his poetry",
"his incorporation of Western European literary techniques in his poetry",
"his engagement with social and political is... | 1 | The author suggests that the "deceptive veil" (line 42) in Hughes's poetry obscures |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_3 | [
"Its publication marked an advance in the intrinsic quality of African American art.",
"It paved the way for publication of Hughes's The Weary Blues by making African American art fashionable.",
"It was an authentic replication of African American spirituals and \"sorrow songs.\"",
"It demonstrated the extent... | 3 | With which one of the following statements regarding Jubilee Songs of the United States would the author be most likely to agree? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_4 | [
"indicate that modes of expression acceptable in the context of slavery in the South were acceptable only to a small number of White writers in the North after the Civil War",
"contrast White writers' earlier appreciation of these songs with the growing tendency after the Civil War to regard Europeanized versions... | 1 | The author most probably mentions the reactions of northern White writers to non-Europeanized "sorrow songs" in order to |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_5 | [
"The requirement was imposed more for social than for aesthetic reasons.",
"The requirement was a relatively unimportant aspect of the African American tradition.",
"The requirement was the chief reason for Hughes's success as a writer.",
"The requirement was appropriate for some forms of expression but not f... | 0 | The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the requirement that Black writers employ Western European literary techniques? |
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and ... | 199110_1-RC_1_6 | [
"its novelty compared to other works of African American literature",
"its subtle understatement compared to that of other kinds of folk literature",
"its virtuosity in adapting musical forms to language",
"its expression of the folk culture of Black people",
"its universality of appeal achieved through the... | 3 | Which one of the following aspects of Hughes's poetry does the author appear to value most highly? |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_7 | [
"During what period did the railroad reach the zenith of its popularity in the United States?",
"How extensive was the impact of the railroad on the Industrial Revolution in the United States, relative to that of other modern innovations?",
"Who are some of the writers of the 1830s who expressed ambivalence tow... | 4 | The passage provides information to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT: |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_8 | [
"the attitude of a minority of intellectuals toward technological innovation that began after 1830",
"a commonly held attitude toward the railroad during the 1830s",
"an ambivalent view of the railroad expressed by many poets and novelists between 1880 and 1930",
"a critique of social and economic development... | 1 | According to the author of the passage, Stilgoe uses the phrase "romantic-era distrust" (line 13) to imply that the view he is referring to was |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_9 | [
"influenced by the writings of Frank Norris, Eugene O'Neill, and Henry Adams",
"similar to that of the minority of writers who had expressed ambivalence toward the railroad prior to the 1880s",
"consistent with the public attitudes toward the railroad that were reflected in works of popular culture after the 18... | 1 | According to the author, the attitude toward the railroad that was reflected in writings of Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, and F. Scott Fitzgerald was |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_10 | [
"work of a large group of writers that was published between 1880 and 1930 and that in Stilgoe's view was highly critical of the railroad",
"work of writers who were heavily influenced by Hawthorne and Thoreau",
"large volume of writing produced by Henry Adams, Sinclair Lewis, and Eugene O'Neill",
"work of jo... | 4 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author uses the phrase "works of popular culture" (line 41) primarily to refer to the |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_11 | [
"Their work never achieved broad popular appeal.",
"Their ideas were disseminated to a large audience by the popular culture of the early 1800s.",
"Their work expressed a more positive attitude toward the railroad than did that of Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, and F. Scott Fitzgerald.",
"Although they were pri... | 2 | Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the work of Frank Norris, Eugene O'Neill, and Henry Adams? |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_12 | [
"It is impossible to know exactly what period historians are referring to when they use the term \"romantic era.\"",
"The writing of intellectuals often anticipates ideas and movements that are later embraced by popular culture.",
"Writers who were not popular in their own time tell us little about the age in w... | 3 | It can be inferred from the passage that Stilgoe would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements regarding the study of cultural history? |
Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regardin... | 199110_1-RC_2_13 | [
"evaluate one scholar's view of public attitudes toward the railroad in the United States from the early nineteenth to the early twentieth century",
"review the treatment of the railroad in American literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries",
"survey the views of cultural historians regarding the rai... | 0 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_14 | [
"illustrate an organism's functional adaptive response to changing environmental conditions",
"prove that organisms can exhibit three basic adaptive responses to changing environmental conditions",
"explain the differences in form and function between micropterous and macropterous water bugs and analyze the eff... | 3 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_15 | [
"The number of developmental responses among the water-bug population would decrease.",
"Both micropterous and macropterous water bugs would show an acclimatory response.",
"The generation of water bugs to be hatched during the subsequent spring would contain an unusually large number of macropterous individual... | 3 | The passage supplies information to suggest that which one of the following would happen if a pond inhabited by water bugs were to dry up in June? |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_16 | [
"eggs formed by water bugs in the autumn would probably produce a higher than usual proportion of macropterous individuals",
"eggs formed by water bugs in the autumn would probably produce an entire summer generation of water bugs with smaller than normal wings",
"eggs of the overwintering generation formed in ... | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that if the winter months of a particular year were unusually warm, the |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_17 | [
"the overwintering generation forms two sets of eggs, one exposed to the colder temperatures of winter and one exposed only to the warmer temperatures of spring",
"the eggs that produce micropterous and macropterous adults are morphologically different",
"water bugs respond to seasonal changes by making an accl... | 0 | According to the passage, the dimorphic wing structure of the summer generation of water bugs occurs because |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_18 | [
"thickening of the plumage of some birds in the autumn",
"increase in pulse rate during vigorous exercise",
"gradual darkening of the skin after exposure to sunlight",
"gradual enlargement of muscles as a result of weight lifting",
"development of a heavy fat layer in bears before hibernation"
] | 1 | It can be inferred from the passage that which one of the following is an example of a regulatory response? |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_19 | [
"be made up of equal numbers of macropterous and micropterous individuals",
"lay its eggs during the winter in order to expose them to cold",
"show a marked inability to fly from one pond to another",
"exhibit genetically determined differences in wing form from the early spring-hatched generation",
"contai... | 4 | According to the passage, the generation of water bugs hatching during the summer is likely to |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_20 | [
"the function of the summer generation's dimorphism",
"the irreversibility of most developmental adaptive responses in water bugs",
"the effect of temperature on developing water-bug eggs",
"the morphological difference between the summer generation and the overwintering generation of water bugs",
"the func... | 2 | The author mentions laboratory experiments with adult water bugs (lines 63–66) in order to illustrate which one of the following? |
Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in... | 199110_1-RC_3_21 | [
"Biological phenomena are presented, examples of their occurrence are compared and contrasted, and one particular example is illustrated in detail.",
"A description of related biological phenomena is stated, and two of those phenomena are explained in detail with illustrated examples.",
"Three related biologica... | 0 | Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage? |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_22 | [
"showing how the Vietnam conflict led to a new interpretation of the Constitution's provisions for use of the military",
"arguing that the War Powers Resolution of 1973 is an attempt to reclaim a share of constitutionally concurrent power that had been usurped by the President",
"outlining the history of the st... | 1 | In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_23 | [
"assumes that the President and Congress will agree on whether troops should be used",
"provides a clear-cut division of authority between the President and Congress in the decision to use troops",
"assigns a greater role to the Congress than to the President in deciding whether troops should be used",
"grant... | 4 | With regard to the use of United States troops in a foreign conflict without a formal declaration of war by the United States, the author believes that the United States Constitution does which one of the following? |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_24 | [
"a change in the attitude in Congress toward exercising its role in the use of armed forces",
"the failure of Presidents to uphold commitments specified in defense treaties",
"Congress's desire to be consulted concerning United States military actions instigated by the President",
"the amount of money spent o... | 1 | The passage suggests that each of the following contributed to Congress's enacting the War Powers Resolution of 1973 EXCEPT |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_25 | [
"Congress has enacted other laws that already set out presidential requirements for situations in which war has been declared",
"by virtue of declaring war, Congress already implicitly participates in the decision to deploy troops",
"the President generally receives broad public support during wars that have be... | 1 | It can be inferred from the passage that the War Powers Resolution of 1973 is applicable only in "the absence of a declaration of war" (lines 48–49) because |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_26 | [
"is not in accord with the explicit roles of the President and Congress as defined in the Constitution",
"interferes with the role of the President as commander in chief of the armed forces",
"signals Congress's commitment to fulfill a role intended for it by the Constitution",
"fails explicitly to address th... | 2 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that the War Powers Resolution of 1973 |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_27 | [
"Because it was undertaken without the consent of Congress, it violated the intent and spirit of the Constitution.",
"Because it galvanized support for the War Powers Resolution, it contributed indirectly to the expansion of presidential authority.",
"Because it was necessitated by a defense treaty, it required... | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements regarding the invasion of Cambodia? |
The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly define the extent of the President's authority to involve United States troops in conflicts with other nations in the absence of a declaration of war. Instead, the question of the President's authority in this matter falls in the hazy area of concurrent power, w... | 199110_1-RC_4_28 | [
"request that Congress consider a formal declaration of war",
"consult with the leaders of both houses of Congress before deploying armed forces",
"desist from deploying any troops unless expressly approved by Congress",
"report to Congress within 48 hours of the deployment of armed forces",
"withdraw any a... | 3 | According to the provisions of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 as described in the passage, if the President perceives that an international conflict warrants the immediate involvement of United States armed forces, the President is compelled in every instance to |
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretica... | 199112_3-RC_1_1 | [
"The observation of Herculina represented the crucial event that astronomical observers and theoreticians had been waiting for to establish a convincing case for the stability of asteroid satellite systems.",
"Although astronomers long believed that observation supports the existence of stable asteroid-satellite ... | 4 | Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? |
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretica... | 199112_3-RC_1_2 | [
"the diameter of a body directly observed near Herculina",
"the distance between Herculina and the planet nearest to it",
"the shortest possible time in which satellites of Herculina, if any, could complete a single orbit",
"the occultation that occurred shortly before the predicted occultation by Herculina",... | 3 | Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage as providing evidence that Herculina has a satellite? |
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretica... | 199112_3-RC_1_3 | [
"open-mindedness combined with a concern for rigorous standards of proof",
"contempt for and impatience with the position held by theoreticians",
"bemusement at a chaotic mix of theory, inadequate or spurious data, and calls for scientific rigor",
"hardheaded skepticism, implying rejection of all data not rec... | 0 | According to the passage, the attitude of astronomers toward asteroid satellites since the Herculina event can best be described as |
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretica... | 199112_3-RC_1_4 | [
"Since no good theoretical model existed, all claims that reports of secondary occultations were common were disputed.",
"Some of the reported observations of secondary occultations were actually observations of collisions of satellites with one another.",
"If there were observations of phenomena exactly like t... | 2 | The author implies that which one of the following was true prior to reports of the Herculina event? |
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretica... | 199112_3-RC_1_5 | [
"The percentage of reports of primary occultations that also included reports of secondary occultations increased tenfold compared to the time before the Herculina event.",
"Primary occultations by asteroids were reported to have been accompanied by secondary occultations in about one out of every thousand cases.... | 3 | The information presented in the passage implies which one of the following about the frequency of reports of secondary occultations after the Herculina event? |
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretica... | 199112_3-RC_1_6 | [
"cast doubt on existing reports of secondary occultations of stars",
"describe experimental efforts by astronomers to separate theoretically believable observations of satellites of asteroids from spurious ones",
"review the development of ideas among astronomers about whether or not satellites of asteroids exi... | 2 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretica... | 199112_3-RC_1_7 | [
"a review of pre-1978 reports of secondary occultations",
"an improved theoretical model of stable satellite systems",
"a photoelectric record of a well-behaved secondary occultation",
"a more stringent definition of what constitutes a well-behaved secondary occultation",
"a powerful telescope that would pe... | 2 | The passage suggests that which one of the following would most help to resolve the question of whether asteroids have satellites? |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_8 | [
"Seventeenth-century scientific experimentation would have been impossible without the work of paid laboratory technicians.",
"Seventeenth-century social conventions prohibited upper-class laboratory workers from taking public credit for their work.",
"Seventeenth-century views of scientific discovery combined ... | 2 | Which one of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_9 | [
"Unlike many seventeenth-century scientists, Boyle recognized that most scientific discoveries resulted from the cooperative efforts of many individuals.",
"Unlike many seventeenth-century scientists, Boyle maintained a deeply rooted and pervasive contempt for manual labor.",
"Unlike many seventeenth-century sc... | 4 | It can be inferred from the passage that the "seventeenth-century rhetoric" mentioned in line 6 would have more accurately described the experimentation performed in Boyle's laboratory if which one of the following were true? |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_10 | [
"their interests were adequately represented by their employers",
"their education was inadequate to make informed political decisions",
"the independence of their political judgment would be compromised by their economic dependence on their employers",
"their participation in the elections would be a polariz... | 2 | According to the author, servants in seventeenth-century England were excluded from the franchise because of the belief that |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_11 | [
"belief that the primary purpose of scientific discovery was to reveal the divine truth that could be found in nature",
"view that scientific knowledge results largely from the insights of a few brilliant individuals rather than from the cooperative efforts of many workers",
"seventeenth-century belief that ser... | 3 | According to the author, the Royal Society of London insisted that scientists abandon the |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_12 | [
"Individual insights rather than cooperative endeavors produce most scientific discoveries.",
"How science is practiced is significantly influenced by the political beliefs and assumptions of scientists.",
"Scientific research undertaken for pay cannot be considered objective.",
"Scientific discovery can reve... | 0 | The author implies that which one of the following beliefs was held in both the seventeenth and the twentieth centuries? |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_13 | [
"Several alternative answers are presented to a question posed in the previous paragraph, and the last is adopted as the most plausible.",
"A question regarding the cause of the phenomenon described in the previous paragraph is posed, two possible explanations are rejected, and evidence is provided in support of ... | 3 | Which one of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph? |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_14 | [
"place the failure of seventeenth-century scientists to acknowledge the contributions of their technicians in the larger context of relations between workers and their employers in seventeenth-century England",
"provide evidence in support of the author's more general thesis regarding the relationship of scientif... | 0 | The author's discussion of the political significance of the "wage relationship" (line 48) serves to |
Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it. Leaders of the new Ro... | 199112_3-RC_2_15 | [
"the claim that scientific discovery results largely from the insights of brilliant individuals working alone",
"ridicule of scientists who were members of the English upper class and who were thought to demean themselves by engaging in the manual labor required by their experiments",
"criticism of scientists w... | 3 | It can be inferred from the passage that "the clamor of seventeenth-century scientific rhetoric" (lines 39–40) refers to |
One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level-that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete-without driving away so many customers as to make the price increase unp... | 199112_3-RC_3_16 | [
"Monopoly power is assessed in terms of market share, whereas abuse of monopoly power is assessed in terms of market control.",
"Monopoly power is easy to demonstrate, whereas abuse of monopoly power is difficult to demonstrate.",
"Monopoly power involves only one market, whereas abuse of monopoly power involve... | 4 | Which one of the following distinctions between monopoly power and the abuse of monopoly power would the author say underlies the antitrust laws discussed in the passage? |
One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level-that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete-without driving away so many customers as to make the price increase unp... | 199112_3-RC_3_17 | [
"No, because leverage involves a nonmonopolized market.",
"No, unless the leverage involves a tying arrangement.",
"Yes, because leverage is a characteristic of monopoly power.",
"Yes, unless the firm using leverage is charging competitive prices.",
"Yes, because leverage is used to eliminate competition in... | 4 | Would the use of leverage meet the criteria for abuse of monopoly power outlined in the first paragraph? |
One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level-that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete-without driving away so many customers as to make the price increase unp... | 199112_3-RC_3_18 | [
"to distinguish between supracompetitive prices and supracompetitive profits",
"to describe the positive uses of monopoly power",
"to introduce the concept of economies of scale",
"to distinguish what is not covered by the antitrust laws under discussion from what is covered",
"to remind the reader of the i... | 3 | What is the main purpose of the third paragraph (lines 28–47)? |
One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level-that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete-without driving away so many customers as to make the price increase unp... | 199112_3-RC_3_19 | [
"Competition is essential to consumers' welfare.",
"There are acceptable and unacceptable ways for firms to reduce their competition.",
"The preservation of competition is the principal aim of the antitrust laws.",
"Supracompetitive prices lead to reductions in competition.",
"Competition is necessary to en... | 1 | Given only the information in the passage, with which one of the following statements about competition would those responsible for the antitrust laws most likely agree? |
One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level-that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete-without driving away so many customers as to make the price increase unp... | 199112_3-RC_3_20 | [
"By limiting consumers' choices, abuse of monopoly power reduces consumers' welfare, but monopoly alone can sometimes actually operate in the consumers' best interests.",
"What is needed now is a set of related laws to deal with the negative impacts that monopoly itself has on consumers' ability to purchase produ... | 0 | Which one of the following sentences would best complete the last paragraph of the passage? |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_21 | [
"the Navajo rejected the stylistic influences of Anglo culture",
"Navajo weaving cannot be classified by Amsden's categories",
"the Navajo changed their style of weaving because they sought the challenge of new artistic problems",
"original motor habits and thought processes limit the extent to which a style ... | 4 | The author's central thesis is that |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_22 | [
"a sign of resistance to a change in style",
"an echo of the diamond style",
"a feature derived from Anglo culture",
"an attempt to disintegrate the rigid form of the banded style",
"a means of differentiating the top of the weaving from the bottom"
] | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that Amsden views the use of "strips of color" (line 18) in the early bordered style as |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_23 | [
"The appearance of the first trading post on the Navajo reservation coincided with the appearance of the diamond style.",
"Traces of thought processes and motor habits of one culture can generally be found in the art of another culture occupying the same period and region.",
"The bordered style may have develop... | 2 | The author's view of Navajo weaving suggests which one of the following? |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_24 | [
"repetition of forms",
"overall patterns",
"horizontal bands",
"isolated figures",
"use of color"
] | 3 | According to the passage, Navajo weavings made prior to 1890 typically were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_25 | [
"The styles of Navajo weaving changed in response to changes in Navajo motor habits and thought processes.",
"The zigzag style was the result of stylistic influences from Anglo culture.",
"Navajo weaving used isolated figures in the beginning, but combined naturalistic and abstract designs in later styles.",
... | 3 | The author would most probably agree with which one of the following conclusions about the stylistic development of Navajo weaving? |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_26 | [
"conceived as a response to imagined correspondences between Anglo and Navajo art",
"biased by Amsden's feelings about Anglo culture",
"a result of Amsden's failing to take into account certain aspects of Navajo weaving",
"based on a limited number of specimens of the styles of Navajo weaving",
"based on a ... | 2 | The author suggests that Amsden's claim that borders in Navajo weaving were inspired by Anglo culture could be |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_27 | [
"establish the direct influence of Anglo culture on the bordered style",
"cast doubts on the claim that the bordered style arose primarily from Anglo influence",
"cite an example of a blanket with a central design and no border",
"suggest that the Anglo influence produced significant changes in the two earlie... | 1 | The author most probably mentions the Chief White Antelope blanket in order to |
Amsden has divided Navajo weaving into four distinct styles. He argues that three of them can be identified by the type of design used to form horizontal bands: colored stripes, zigzags, or diamonds. The fourth, or bordered, style he identifies by a distinct border surrounding centrally placed, dominating figures. Amsd... | 199112_3-RC_4_28 | [
"comparing and contrasting different styles",
"questioning a view of how a style came into being",
"proposing alternate methods of investigating the evolution of styles",
"discussing the influence of one culture on another",
"analyzing the effect of the interaction between two different cultures"
] | 1 | The passage is primarily concerned with |
The extent of a nation's power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited so... | 199202_2-RC_1_1 | [
"the nearest coastal nation regulated activities",
"few controls or restrictions applied to ocean areas",
"the ocean areas were used for only innocent purposes",
"the freedom of the seas doctrine settled all claims concerning navigation and fishing",
"broad authority over international waters was shared equ... | 1 | According to the passage, until the mid-twentieth century there were few jurisdictional disputes over international waters because |
The extent of a nation's power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited so... | 199202_2-RC_1_2 | [
"formally censured by an international organization for not properly regulating marine activities",
"called upon by other nations to establish rules to protect its territorial waters",
"able but not required to place legal limits on such commercial activities",
"allowed to resolve the problem at its own discr... | 2 | According to the international law doctrines applicable before the mid-twentieth century, if commercial activity within a particular nation's territorial waters threatened all marine life in those waters, the nation would have been |
The extent of a nation's power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited so... | 199202_2-RC_1_3 | [
"managing ecosystems in either territorial or international waters was given low priority",
"unlimited resources in international waters resulted in little interest in territorial waters",
"nations considered it their responsibility to protect territorial but not international waters",
"a nation's authority o... | 0 | The author suggests that, before the mid-twentieth century, most nations' actions with respect to territorial and international waters indicated that |
The extent of a nation's power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited so... | 199202_2-RC_1_4 | [
"increased political pressure on individual nations to establish comprehensive laws regulating ocean resources",
"a greater number of jurisdictional disputes among nations over the regulation of fishing on the open seas",
"the opportunity for some nations to manage large ocean ecosystems",
"a new awareness of... | 2 | The author cites which one of the following as an effect of the extension of territorial waters beyond the three-mile limit? |
The extent of a nation's power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited so... | 199202_2-RC_1_5 | [
"the waters appeared to be unpolluted and to contain unlimited resources",
"the fishing industry would be adversely affected by such rules",
"the size of the area that would be subject to such rules was insignificant",
"the technology needed for pollution control and resource management did not exist",
"the... | 2 | According to the passage, before the middle of the twentieth century, nations failed to establish rules protecting their territorial waters because |
The extent of a nation's power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited so... | 199202_2-RC_1_6 | [
"a chronology of the events that have led up to a present-day crisis",
"a legal inquiry into the abuse of existing laws and the likelihood of reform",
"a political analysis of the problems inherent in directing national attention to an international issue",
"a historical analysis of a problem that requires in... | 3 | The passage as a whole can best be described as |
The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level since the end of the Mesozoic era, 65 million years ago. The ultimate consequen... | 199202_2-RC_2_7 | [
"The reduction in biodiversity is an irreversible process that represents a setback both for science and for society as a whole.",
"The material and cultural wealth of a nation are insignificant when compared with the country's biological wealth.",
"The enormous diversity of life on Earth could not have come ab... | 4 | Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? |
The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level since the end of the Mesozoic era, 65 million years ago. The ultimate consequen... | 199202_2-RC_2_8 | [
"The number of fish in a lake declines abruptly as a result of water pollution, then makes a slow comeback after cleanup efforts and the passage of ordinances against dumping.",
"The concentration of chlorine in the water supply of a large city fluctuates widely before stabilizing at a constant and safe level.",
... | 4 | Which one of the following situations is most analogous to the history of global diversity summarized in lines 10-18 of the passage? |
The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level since the end of the Mesozoic era, 65 million years ago. The ultimate consequen... | 199202_2-RC_2_9 | [
"It was the second most devastating extinction episode in history.",
"It was the most devastating extinction episode up until that time.",
"It was less devastating to species diversity than is the current biodiversity crisis.",
"The rate of extinction among marine animal species as a result of the crisis did ... | 3 | The author suggests which one of the following about the Cretaceous crisis? |
The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level since the end of the Mesozoic era, 65 million years ago. The ultimate consequen... | 199202_2-RC_2_10 | [
"a species that has become extinct through human activity",
"the typical lack of foresight that has led to biogeographic disaster",
"a marine animal species that survived the Permian extinctions",
"a species that is a potential source of material wealth",
"the kind of action that is necessary to reverse the... | 1 | The author mentions the Nile perch in order to provide an example of |
The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level since the end of the Mesozoic era, 65 million years ago. The ultimate consequen... | 199202_2-RC_2_11 | [
"hunting",
"pollution",
"deforestation",
"the growth of human populations",
"human-engineered changes in the environment"
] | 1 | All of the following are explicitly mentioned in the passage as contributing to the extinction of species EXCEPT |
The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level since the end of the Mesozoic era, 65 million years ago. The ultimate consequen... | 199202_2-RC_2_12 | [
"Because we can readily assess the value of material and cultural wealth, we tend not to take them for granted.",
"Just as the biota is a source of potential material wealth, it is an untapped source of cultural wealth as well.",
"Some degree of material and cultural wealth may have to be sacrificed if we are t... | 0 | The passage suggests which one of the following about material and cultural wealth? |
The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level since the end of the Mesozoic era, 65 million years ago. The ultimate consequen... | 199202_2-RC_2_13 | [
"The loss of species diversity will have as immediate an impact on the material wealth of nations as on their biological wealth.",
"The crisis will likely end the hegemony of the human race and bring about the ascendancy of another species.",
"The effects of the loss of species diversity will be dire, but we ca... | 2 | The author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the consequences of the biodiversity crisis? |
Women's participation in the revolutionary events in France between 1789 and 1795 has only recently been given nuanced treatment. Early twentieth-century historians of the French Revolution are typified by Jaures, who, though sympathetic to the women's movement of his own time, never even mentions its antecedents in re... | 199202_2-RC_3_14 | [
"According to recent historical studies, the participation of women in the revolutionary events of 1789–1795 can most profitably be viewed in three successive stages.",
"The findings of certain recent historical studies have resulted from an earlier general reassessment, by historians, of women's participation in... | 3 | Which one of the following best states the main point of the passage? |
Women's participation in the revolutionary events in France between 1789 and 1795 has only recently been given nuanced treatment. Early twentieth-century historians of the French Revolution are typified by Jaures, who, though sympathetic to the women's movement of his own time, never even mentions its antecedents in re... | 199202_2-RC_3_15 | [
"This work was not understood by many of Gouze's contemporaries.",
"This work indirectly inspired the formation of independent women's political clubs.",
"This work had little impact on the world of political action.",
"This work was the most compelling produced by a French woman between 1789 and 1792.",
"T... | 2 | The passage suggests that Godineau would be likely to agree with which one of the following statements about Marie Gouze's Declaration of the Rights of Women? |
Women's participation in the revolutionary events in France between 1789 and 1795 has only recently been given nuanced treatment. Early twentieth-century historians of the French Revolution are typified by Jaures, who, though sympathetic to the women's movement of his own time, never even mentions its antecedents in re... | 199202_2-RC_3_16 | [
"These clubs fostered a mass women's movement.",
"These clubs eventually developed a purpose different from their original purpose.",
"These clubs were founded to advocate military participation for women.",
"These clubs counteracted the original purpose of male political clubs.",
"These clubs lost their di... | 1 | According to the passage, which one of the following is a true statement about the purpose of the women's political clubs mentioned in line 20? |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.