context stringclasses 269
values | id_string stringlengths 15 16 | answers listlengths 5 5 | label int64 0 4 | question stringlengths 34 417 |
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In 1968 the United States Congress passed the Fair Housing Act, intended to counter discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in the sale and leasing of housing. In Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman (1982), the United States Supreme Court attempted to define for the Fair Housing Act those pers... | india3_2-RC_4_24 | [
"A piece of legislation is described and then the effect of the legislation on certain social practices is analyzed.",
"A certain legal case with relevance to a piece of legislation is broadly introduced and then the history and resolution of the case is presented in greater detail.",
"A legal problem related t... | 1 | Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage? |
In 1968 the United States Congress passed the Fair Housing Act, intended to counter discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in the sale and leasing of housing. In Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman (1982), the United States Supreme Court attempted to define for the Fair Housing Act those pers... | india3_2-RC_4_25 | [
"the hiring and training of security experts to protect HOME's offices",
"the hiring of attorneys to fight off frivolous lawsuits filed against HOME by realty companies",
"the hiring and training of testers to investigate the rental practices of realty companies",
"the expansion of HOME's mission to combat a ... | 2 | Which one of the following is most likely to be an example of the use of resources claimed by HOME to have been necessitated by the defendant? |
In 1968 the United States Congress passed the Fair Housing Act, intended to counter discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in the sale and leasing of housing. In Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman (1982), the United States Supreme Court attempted to define for the Fair Housing Act those pers... | india3_2-RC_4_26 | [
"refusal to rent housing to an individual or organization",
"noncompliance with local regulations regarding housing practices",
"the denial of accurate information about available housing",
"rejection on insufficient grounds of a legitimate lawsuit",
"facilitating the establishment of housing occupied prima... | 2 | The "injury made unlawful by the statute" (lines 43-C44) refers to which one of the following? |
The effects of the introduction of language upon human behavior are easily surmised. Language allowed rules for proper behavior to be communicated to children by precept and enforced among adults by gossip. Effective responses to different circumstances were usually guaranteed by traditional rules of behavior, and fric... | india5_3-RC_1_1 | [
"The pace of modern communication has upset traditional ways of life throughout the world.",
"Our ancestors became fully human only when they began to use language to move to and fro in imagined time.",
"The power of human communication will inevitably overcome traditional ways of life and create a single globa... | 4 | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage? |
The effects of the introduction of language upon human behavior are easily surmised. Language allowed rules for proper behavior to be communicated to children by precept and enforced among adults by gossip. Effective responses to different circumstances were usually guaranteed by traditional rules of behavior, and fric... | india5_3-RC_1_2 | [
"gossip",
"ritual",
"police power",
"negotiated transactions",
"division of labor"
] | 3 | According to the passage, one way in which urban civilizations coordinate the behavior of large numbers of people more powerfully than primary communities can is through |
The effects of the introduction of language upon human behavior are easily surmised. Language allowed rules for proper behavior to be communicated to children by precept and enforced among adults by gossip. Effective responses to different circumstances were usually guaranteed by traditional rules of behavior, and fric... | india5_3-RC_1_3 | [
"contrary-to-fact situations",
"time prior to historical records",
"the time of legends and myths",
"mental representations of the past and future",
"occasions when experience disappoints expectation"
] | 3 | By "imagined time" (line 16) the author most likely means |
The effects of the introduction of language upon human behavior are easily surmised. Language allowed rules for proper behavior to be communicated to children by precept and enforced among adults by gossip. Effective responses to different circumstances were usually guaranteed by traditional rules of behavior, and fric... | india5_3-RC_1_4 | [
"the development of ornamental calligraphy",
"the development of the alphabet",
"the invention of the printing press",
"the development of the Internet",
"the invention of radio"
] | 0 | All of the following meet the author's standard for identifying major landmarks of human history EXCEPT: |
The effects of the introduction of language upon human behavior are easily surmised. Language allowed rules for proper behavior to be communicated to children by precept and enforced among adults by gossip. Effective responses to different circumstances were usually guaranteed by traditional rules of behavior, and fric... | india5_3-RC_1_5 | [
"making possible the planning and organization of human endeavors",
"enabling societies to exert control over the natural environment",
"fostering the development of literature and the arts",
"both supporting and upsetting traditional ways of life",
"helping humans better achieve their needs and wants"
] | 2 | Each of the following is mentioned in the passage as something that the use of language does EXCEPT: |
The effects of the introduction of language upon human behavior are easily surmised. Language allowed rules for proper behavior to be communicated to children by precept and enforced among adults by gossip. Effective responses to different circumstances were usually guaranteed by traditional rules of behavior, and fric... | india5_3-RC_1_6 | [
"the coordination of people's everyday behavior",
"a single global language",
"control over nature",
"urbanization",
"social complexity"
] | 1 | The passage suggests that all of the following are elements of civilization EXCEPT: |
The effects of the introduction of language upon human behavior are easily surmised. Language allowed rules for proper behavior to be communicated to children by precept and enforced among adults by gossip. Effective responses to different circumstances were usually guaranteed by traditional rules of behavior, and fric... | india5_3-RC_1_7 | [
"local groups dependent on direct verbal communication",
"any groups of individuals speaking the same language",
"voluntary associations for the exchange of goods and services",
"the cities at the core of particular urban civilizations",
"the first urban civilizations to develop"
] | 0 | By the term "primary communities" (line 36) the author probably means |
Passage A Though daguerreotypy and photography are obviously more closely related than daguerreotypy and painting, and though we do speak of them together, it is not mere pedantry to insist that the daguerreotype is not a photograph. The daguerreotype, like any art form, demands its own critical vocabulary, its own way... | india5_3-RC_2_8 | [
"Roughly how much did it cost to produce a daguerreotype?",
"What prevented the widespread use of daguerreotypes for purposes other than portraiture?",
"Roughly how large was the typical daguerreotype?",
"When did photography on paper supersede daguerreotypy?",
"What were some words used by viewers upon exp... | 2 | Each passage provides information sufficient to answer which one of the following questions? |
Passage A Though daguerreotypy and photography are obviously more closely related than daguerreotypy and painting, and though we do speak of them together, it is not mere pedantry to insist that the daguerreotype is not a photograph. The daguerreotype, like any art form, demands its own critical vocabulary, its own way... | india5_3-RC_2_9 | [
"the daguerreotype is not a photograph",
"the daguerreotype is an exquisite art form",
"the daguerreotype is the most precise form of pictorial art",
"daguerreotypes are commonplace and usually imperfect",
"daguerreotypes are complex, elaborate, and expensive"
] | 4 | Passage A, but not passage B, argues that |
Passage A Though daguerreotypy and photography are obviously more closely related than daguerreotypy and painting, and though we do speak of them together, it is not mere pedantry to insist that the daguerreotype is not a photograph. The daguerreotype, like any art form, demands its own critical vocabulary, its own way... | india5_3-RC_2_10 | [
"Passage B was written as a direct response to this statement.",
"Passage B provides information that could be used to undermine this statement.",
"Passage B presents an attitude suggesting disagreement with this statement.",
"Passage B provides an example that illustrates this statement.",
"Passage B provi... | 3 | Which one of the following most accurately describes how passage B relates to the statement in passage A that the daguerreotype demands its own way of being seen and appreciated? |
Passage A Though daguerreotypy and photography are obviously more closely related than daguerreotypy and painting, and though we do speak of them together, it is not mere pedantry to insist that the daguerreotype is not a photograph. The daguerreotype, like any art form, demands its own critical vocabulary, its own way... | india5_3-RC_2_11 | [
"Lecture 1 includes an evaluation of a particular pantomime performance; lecture 2 includes an argument regarding the ways in which pantomime may have influenced other art forms.",
"Lecture 1 includes an argument that pantomime is truly an art form; lecture 2 includes a classification of different types of pantom... | 4 | Which one of the following pairs of lectures is most analogous to passage A and passage B in terms of how these two passages stand in relation to each other? |
Passage A Though daguerreotypy and photography are obviously more closely related than daguerreotypy and painting, and though we do speak of them together, it is not mere pedantry to insist that the daguerreotype is not a photograph. The daguerreotype, like any art form, demands its own critical vocabulary, its own way... | india5_3-RC_2_12 | [
"The daguerreotype should not be considered a type of photograph.",
"There is no compelling reason for daguerreotypy not to be practiced today.",
"Though there are striking exceptions, most daguerreotypes are aesthetically unremarkable.",
"Daguerreotypy was not useful for creating landscapes.",
"The demise ... | 4 | It can be inferred that the authors of both passages believe which one of the following? |
A commission appointed by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario offered recommendations to assist judges and lawyers in recognizing language or actions that may cause some participants to feel excluded and therefore disenfranchised during court proceedings. One area of focus was the use of courtroom interp... | india5_3-RC_3_13 | [
"According to a commission in Ontario, the accuracy of courtroom translations can never really be guaranteed, and so judicial fairness can only be ensured by assigning this role to professional interpreters.",
"A commission in Ontario has found that impartiality in interpretation services is not fully achievable ... | 2 | Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage? |
A commission appointed by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario offered recommendations to assist judges and lawyers in recognizing language or actions that may cause some participants to feel excluded and therefore disenfranchised during court proceedings. One area of focus was the use of courtroom interp... | india5_3-RC_3_14 | [
"is a limitation of which some lawyers and judges are unaware",
"is less noticeable to interpreters than to other participants in legal proceedings",
"makes some courtroom participants feel disenfranchised",
"makes fair and impartial trials impossible to achieve",
"results in needlessly lengthy embellishmen... | 0 | According to the passage, the inadequacy of word-for-word translations in legal proceedings involving interpreters |
A commission appointed by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario offered recommendations to assist judges and lawyers in recognizing language or actions that may cause some participants to feel excluded and therefore disenfranchised during court proceedings. One area of focus was the use of courtroom interp... | india5_3-RC_3_15 | [
"who tend to elicit the suspicion that they are embellishing rather than merely interpreting",
"without previous experience or training as courtroom translators",
"who have little understanding of the Canadian legal system",
"who are non-native speakers of the language they interpret",
"with a lesser likeli... | 4 | By "inappropriate interpreters" (lines 46-C47) the author most likely is referring to interpreters |
A commission appointed by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario offered recommendations to assist judges and lawyers in recognizing language or actions that may cause some participants to feel excluded and therefore disenfranchised during court proceedings. One area of focus was the use of courtroom interp... | india5_3-RC_3_16 | [
"In court cases involving members of small linguistic communities, certain factors that are conducive to accurate and effective interpretation also make complete impartiality of the interpreter more difficult to ensure.",
"The recognition of the need for impartiality in interpretation services was the primary rea... | 0 | With which one of the following statements concerning impartiality in interpretation services would the author be most likely to agree? |
A commission appointed by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario offered recommendations to assist judges and lawyers in recognizing language or actions that may cause some participants to feel excluded and therefore disenfranchised during court proceedings. One area of focus was the use of courtroom interp... | india5_3-RC_3_17 | [
"is more of a problem in civil cases than in criminal cases",
"constitutes evidence that the Ontario commission's recommendations are inadequate",
"does not always affect the fairness of the proceedings negatively",
"is inconsistent with standards of impartiality demanded by Canadian law",
"often leads inte... | 2 | According to the passage, the situation in which a courtroom interpreter is acquainted with other participants in courtroom proceedings |
A commission appointed by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario offered recommendations to assist judges and lawyers in recognizing language or actions that may cause some participants to feel excluded and therefore disenfranchised during court proceedings. One area of focus was the use of courtroom interp... | india5_3-RC_3_18 | [
"indicate why some judges and lawyers may harbor doubts about the accuracy of certain courtroom translations",
"emphasize why translations in a judicial context cannot convey the culturally specific meaning of the testimony being interpreted",
"stress the lack of awareness of cultures and languages other than E... | 0 | The author mentions the fact that ideas expressed concisely in one language may take much longer to express in another language (lines 32-C38) primarily in order to |
A commission appointed by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario offered recommendations to assist judges and lawyers in recognizing language or actions that may cause some participants to feel excluded and therefore disenfranchised during court proceedings. One area of focus was the use of courtroom interp... | india5_3-RC_3_19 | [
"The importance of this role is underestimated by most judges and lawyers.",
"A precise understanding of this role is only likely to be useful to people in small communities.",
"This role can never be occupied by someone who is personally acquainted with the participants in courtroom proceedings.",
"The perso... | 3 | The passage most strongly suggests which one of the following about the role of courtroom interpreters? |
For biologists, the term "eye" describes any lightsensitive organ consisting of more than one cell. Although most animals have eyes, eye structures vary widely. The compound eyes of insects and other arthropods, for example, have an architecture strikingly different from the single-lens eyes of vertebrates and mollusks... | india5_3-RC_4_20 | [
"the lack of fossil evidence of a common ancestor for all eye-bearing species",
"the lack of correlation between eye structures and physical environments",
"the lack of correlation between physical environments and control genes for eye development",
"the resemblance between the eyes of mammals and the nautil... | 1 | The author mentions that biologists accepted which one of the following as evidence for the theory that eyes evolved from multiple origins? |
For biologists, the term "eye" describes any lightsensitive organ consisting of more than one cell. Although most animals have eyes, eye structures vary widely. The compound eyes of insects and other arthropods, for example, have an architecture strikingly different from the single-lens eyes of vertebrates and mollusks... | india5_3-RC_4_21 | [
"distinguish between two theories and explain the theoretical basis for each of those theories",
"argue that a particular discovery provides insufficient evidence for the rejection of a particular widely accepted theory",
"explain how a particular piece of evidence challenges a particular theory that has been w... | 2 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
For biologists, the term "eye" describes any lightsensitive organ consisting of more than one cell. Although most animals have eyes, eye structures vary widely. The compound eyes of insects and other arthropods, for example, have an architecture strikingly different from the single-lens eyes of vertebrates and mollusks... | india5_3-RC_4_22 | [
"concern that biologists have accepted the single origin theory without carefully evaluating the assumptions it is based on",
"concern that biologists may have prematurely abandoned the multiple origin theory",
"confidence that the discovery will imminently lead to the complete abandonment of the multiple origi... | 4 | The passage provides the strongest support for the inference that the author's attitude regarding the discovery of a control gene responsible for activating eye formation in fruit flies can be accurately described as |
For biologists, the term "eye" describes any lightsensitive organ consisting of more than one cell. Although most animals have eyes, eye structures vary widely. The compound eyes of insects and other arthropods, for example, have an architecture strikingly different from the single-lens eyes of vertebrates and mollusks... | india5_3-RC_4_23 | [
"determine how each species' characteristic eye structure will differ from that of other species",
"probably occur in all animals but only activate eye formation in just a few",
"may be interchangeable among mice, fruit flies, and humans without causing members of those species to develop eyes that are atypical... | 2 | ccording to the author, control genes have been found that |
For biologists, the term "eye" describes any lightsensitive organ consisting of more than one cell. Although most animals have eyes, eye structures vary widely. The compound eyes of insects and other arthropods, for example, have an architecture strikingly different from the single-lens eyes of vertebrates and mollusks... | india5_3-RC_4_24 | [
"Traditional Italian pizza is very similar in form and ingredients to a traditional Southern French food, which, like Italian pizza, has its origins in earlier Mediterranean cultures.",
"Mexican traditional cuisine uses round, flat tortillas made from corn or wheat, and traditional cuisines of India use tortilla-... | 1 | Proponents of the multiple origin theory would likely regard the relationship between the development of human eyes and the development of the eyes of the nautilus mollusk as most analogous to which one of the following? |
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