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0daffc3e-eb67-4a55-bb29-481fa7dc17ec | Mucocelr is commonly seen in sinus: | Frontal | Maxillary | Ethmoid | Sphenoid | 0a | single | A mucocele is an epithelial lined,mucus containing sac completely filling the sinus and capable of expansion: Mucocele are most commonly formed in frontal sinus followed by Ethmoid,sphenoid and maxillary sinuses. Mucocele of frontal sinus presents as a swelking in the floor of frontal sinus above the inner canthus.Itbd... | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
3d881fde-4a5a-4515-ab42-5ac796910ca9 | Investigation of choice for Entrapment Neuropathy is? | CT | MRI | Clinical exam | SPECT | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) MRIREF: Surgical management of pain by Kim Burchiel Page 658, Neurology by Jon Brillman 8f Scott Khan page 110EMG and nerve conduction studies are done to identity the site of entrapment. Imaging is done to rule out any occult fracture and MRI for visualization of entrapped nerve in the tunnel. MRI is the i... | Radiology | Brain Imaging: Anatomy, Trauma, and Tumors |
c60a5450-bafb-45ff-a9c7-c556fdb91c13 | Graham Cole test refers to | Oral cholecystography | Intravenous cholangiography | Pre operative cholangiography | Post operative cholangiography | 0a | single | Oral cholecystography (Graham Cole Test) Once considered the diagnostic test of choice for gallstones, oral cholecystography has been replaced by ultrasonography It involves oral administration of a Radiopaque compound that is absorbed, excreted by the liver, and passed into the gallbladder Successful visualisation of ... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
7013a79a-27e8-41e3-905e-3029db80aed1 | Node of Ranvier is seen in - | Cell body | Dendrites | Axons | Terminalbutons | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Axons o Nodes of Ranvier are periodic gaps in the myelin sheath on the axon.o Neuron is the functional unit (basic unit of nervous tissue).o It is specialized for the function of reception, integration and transmission of information in the body,o The basic structure of neuron is best studied in a spi... | Physiology | Nerve Physiology |
b639153c-1ec5-444d-b310-fcf57350eef4 | Parasympathetic stimulation of nerves innervating the islets of the pancreas will: | Have no effect | Increase secretion of insulin from B cells | Decrease secretion of insulin from B cells | Increase secretion of glucagon from B cells | 1b | single | The pancreatic islets receive innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the parasympathetic system increases secretion of insulin from the B cells. Stimulation of the sympathetic system increases glucagon secretion from the A cells. Insulin is inhibited by sympathetic stim... | Physiology | null |
67a82175-4d94-4da5-bc9c-f7f9e912a5eb | A 25 yr old man presents for a routine examination The patient is tall and on examination was found to have an early diastolic murmur Family pedigree given what is the mode of inheritance of the disease in this patient | AD | AR | XLD | XLR | 0a | multi | HISTORY SUGGESTIVE OF MARFANS SYNDROME . WHICH IS AD. REF : ROBBINS 10TH ED | Pathology | All India exam |
cf44c8de-f1e9-458a-ba21-bad5587dda95 | Rhinophyma is a slow growing tumour with the following pathology: | Hyperophy of the sebaceous glands | Hyperophy of sweat glands | Hyperplasia of endothelial cells | Hyperplasia of epithelial cells | 0a | single | Rhinophyma or potato tumour is a slow growing benign tumour due to hyperophy of the sebaceous glands of the tip of nose. | ENT | null |
1bfbb88b-7019-4a30-abdb-9127c9e177d8 | Best indicator of protein quality:- | DIAAS | Amino acid score | PDCAAS | Protein efficiency ratio | 0a | single | Best indicator of protein quality: DIAAS (Digestible indispensable amino acid scores) > PDCAAS (Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score) >NPU (Net protein utilization). DIAAS =100 x . NPU = 100 x (Nitrogen retained by the body) / (Nitrogen intake) Other indicators: Amino acid score, Biological value, Protein e... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Proteins, Fats, Rich Sources |
98c9b278-c141-4761-89ed-cc76e264d488 | Amniocentesis for aneuploidy detection is best done at: | 10-11 weeks | 12-13 weeks | 16-18 weeks | 20-26 weeks | 2c | single | AMNIOCENTESIS Amniocentesis is the most commonly performed procedure used to diagnose fetal aneuploidy and other genetic conditions. Indications Diagnosis of fetal genetic disorders Congenital infections Alloimmunization Assessment of fetal lung maturity Therapeutic for polyhydramnios The most common types of prenatal ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Aboions, Spontaneous & Induced Emergency Contraception (Hey,whats the hurry !) |
3e1d3db7-0b85-4f99-b51e-e136d4653999 | What is the treatment modality for the following fracture? | Tension band wiring | External fixation | Plating | ORIF | 0a | single | Image shows patellar fracture. Tension band wiring is also used for: Patellar fracture Olecranon fracture Medial malleolus fracture Tension band wire are loop of wires passed around two bony fragments and then tightened to compress the fragments together. External fixation is done by using screws and is applicable to t... | Orthopaedics | Fracture Management |
59582804-4d98-4607-a458-87df0ece4bd9 | Which of the following is true for Klinefilter's syndrome? | 45 XO | Tall stature | Intelligent Quotient Normal | Normal testis and genitalia | 1b | multi | Klinefelter syndrome Rare disorder, Karyotype 47 XXY, Externally resembles a male in general body conformity, Penis small or normal, Testes small, Gynaecomastia, Appearance eunuchoid, Mentally retarded, Azoospermia,Infeility, Tall stature, Testosterone may help in Rx Breasts may need surgical excision. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Mullerian Abnormalities |
82921af6-9ed4-47e9-a630-8776ff400405 | Isovolumetric relaxation ends immediately after | AV Valve doses | When ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure | When ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure | None of the above | 2c | multi | null | Physiology | null |
2c6d0837-72f1-4dad-ab58-0ff17f3c37f2 | Endometrial cancer involving 50% of endometrium, extending to vagina, lymph nodes negative with positive peritoneal cytology is staged as | 3a | 3b | 3c1 | 3c2 | 1b | single | 3b FIGO STAGING OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER STAGE I Cancer confined to corpus uteri IA --> Limited to endometrium IB --> < 1/2 myometrial thickness IC > 1/2 myometrial thickness STAGE II Tumour involves cervix but does not extend beyond uterus (la --> Cervical glandular involvement llb --> Cervical stromal involvement STAGE ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d037a4fa-2923-473c-b4af-b0a545a54a14 | Mucopolysaccharide having anticoagulant action is? | Heparin | Phenindione | Rivoroxaban | Dabigatran | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Heparin Heparin It is a parenteral indirect thrombin inhibitor. It is a on uniform mixture of straight chain polysaccharides with molecular weight 10, 000 - 20, 000. It contains polymers of two sulfated disaccharide units D glucosamine L iduronic acid and D glucosamine D glucuronic acid. Heparin is th... | Pharmacology | null |
68b6d0a0-2395-41ec-b10c-60812848b1b6 | Patients suffering from multidrug resistant tuberculosis can be treated with all the following drugs EXCEPT: | Tobramycin | Amikacin | Ciprofloxacin | Clarithromycin | 0a | multi | Multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB: is defined as resistance to both H and R and may be any number of other(1ST LINE) anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB has a more rapid course (some die in 4-16 weeks). Treatment of these cases is difficult, because one or more second line drugs are to be given for 12-24 months. If sensitivity of the TB ... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
e901d5c6-681d-48a1-9d47-2e443af8b175 | A 19 year old boy fell from the motorbike on his shoulder. The doctor diagnosed him as a case of Erb's paralysis. All of the following signs and symptoms will be observed in this boy, EXCEPT: | Loss of abduction at shoulder joint | Loss of lateral rotation | Loss of pronation at radioulnar joint | Loss of flexion at elbow joint. | 2c | multi | Due to Erb's paralysis there is damage of biceps brachii and supinator due to which there is loss of pronation of forearm. It is associated with loss of abduction at shoulder joint, loss of lateral rotation and loss of flexion at elbow joint and is not associated with loss of pronation at radioulnar joint.Erb's paralys... | Anatomy | null |
59323b9a-1f31-42be-93d8-6b292c15a12b | Cut off duration for diagnosis of Priaspism is: | 1 hour | 2 hours | 3 hours | 4 hours | 3d | single | Priapism: It is defined as a persistent painful erection lasting longer than 4 hours irrespective of any sexual stimulation & beyond reaching of orgasm. It is an emergency situation It is of two types: Ischemic priapism Non-ischemic priapism | Surgery | Urethra and penis |
8c19ab09-5f86-42b9-9fa8-58a0cdb55f4f | Most common cause of biliary stricture is:- | CBD stone | Trauma | Asiatic cholangitis | Congenital | 1b | single | MC cause of benign biliary stricture is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (operative trauma). | Surgery | Bile duct |
e9dd2630-f4e8-4b77-b2d2-5f4ec769e9ee | A patient gives history of recurrent episodes of pain and swelling in Mandibular posterior region.He is diagnosed to have pericoronitis.The partially erupted 3rd molar was vital.On radiographical examination a well defined radiolucency was found with distal aspect of the respected tooth. What could be the daignosis: | Dentigerous cyst. | Paradental cyst. | Eruption cyst. | Periapical cyst. | 1b | multi | Paradental Cyst
Aka:
Baccal bifurcation Cyst
Craig’s cyst
Collateral cyst
Mandi 3rd molar – Association.
Associated with VITAL TOOTH and recurrent pericoronitis DISTAL Aspect of mandi 3rd molar | Pathology | null |
dfdd0c26-e619-4340-a1b6-806b0101fe35 | Warm antibody in autoimmune hemolytic anemia | IgM | IgG | IgE | IgA | 1b | single | Warm antibody is IgG. | Medicine | null |
1ef10f1f-2c16-44cf-8493-0c845033795d | A 35-year-old coal worker presents with difficulty in breathing on exeion for last 2 years. CXR was performed. What does it show? | Emphysema | Reticulonodular infiltrates | Pulmonary fibrosis | Cardiac atrophy | 0a | single | The CXR of Coal worker patient shows the presence of hyperinflation in lungs with a tubular appearance of the hea. Lungs appear relatively blacker with flattening of the diaphragm on both sides. The hea appears smaller as lungs are hyper-inflated. These findings are suggestive of emphysema. | Medicine | Interstitial Lung Disease |
0add4cae-029a-43d2-96a2-fa23d821347d | Which of the following is not a direct route for transmission of communicable diseases? | Skin contact | Vertical | Droplet nuclei | Soil contact | 2c | single | Ref. Foundations of Community medicine. Page. 393 | Unknown | null |
c805aedd-61ae-428f-96b4-9091eeed10cf | Which is not associated with diabetes mellitus? | Cushing syndrome | Acromegaly | Hypothyroidism | Phaeochromocytoma | 2c | single | Coisol, growth hormone and catecholamines increase the blood sugar levels leading to impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. whereas hypothyroidism is not associated with the blood sugar levels or diabetes mellitus | Medicine | Diabetes Mellitus |
c2a87175-6a21-4a8a-aab4-228331f1ac63 | Which of the following anaesthetic agents causes a rise in the Intracranial pressure – | Sevoflurane | Thiopentone sodium | Lignocaine | Propofol | 0a | single | All inhalational agents increase ICT.
Amongst intravenous agents only ketamine increases ICT. Propofol, etomidate, and barbiturates (thiopentone, methexitone) decrease ICT.
Lidocaine decreases ICT. | Anaesthesia | null |
f5a55dad-9c8f-4258-9946-431f3a9e5800 | A study is looking at breast cancer of women compared cases with non-cases, and found that 75/100 cases used calcium supplements compared with 25/100 of the non-cases. Calculate Cross product ratio | 9 | 6 | 3 | 12 | 0a | single | Odds ratio = ad/bc Breast cancer cases Non-cases Used Ca supplements 75 (a) 25 (b) Did not use Ca supplements 25 (c) 75 (d) 100 100 Odds ratio = ad/bc = 75*75/25*25 = 9 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Case Control Study, Combined Designs |
8a34a026-61b2-4841-bbf9-60ce44dbc637 | Oculomotor nerve palsy show all of the following except - | Ptosis | Inability of lateral gaze | Paralysis of accommodation | Upward gaze not possible | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inability of lateral gaze Features of 3rd (occulomotor) nerve palsy* Paralysis of superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique. Eye is down and out due to unopposed action of superior oblique and lateral rectus. Medial 8c upward gaze is not possible.* Paralysis of sphinctor pup... | Ophthalmology | Neuro-Ophthalmology |
80b3c9e4-4cbd-46fe-84bd-f8c30d42fe5f | True about tropomysin is? | Lies on top of troponin | Lies on top of actin | ATP binds to it | Calcium binds to it | 1b | multi | ANSWER: (B) Lies on top of actinREF: Guyton 12th ed page 72-76SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION:In resting muscle, the ends of the actin filaments extending from two successive Z discs barely begin to overlap one another. Troponin I is tightly bound to actin and tropomyosin covers the sites where myosin hea... | Physiology | Skeletal Muscle: Contraction and Excitation |
cee6e5ca-4a68-48a6-bba4-cc627de60e54 | A male neonate is born with an omphalocele. This entity can be distinguished from gastroschisis, because in an omphalocele, the protrusion is: | Not covered by a sac | A defect in the abdominal musculature | Associated with Intestinal atresia | Associated with congenital malformations | 3d | single | Abdominal wall defects Omphalocele- Intestine fails return to the intra-abdominal cavity- Covered by 2 layers* Amnion* Peritoneum- For Small defect - Protrusion of small amounts of bowel- For Large defect - Protrusion of small bowel along with liver- Associated with Trisomy 13, 18, 21- Associated with congenital malfor... | Surgery | Hernia and abdominal wall |
f71e0a3f-66d0-4a4c-8f37-9fa25c7b8f2e | Following grows in the cell free medium except -a) Rickettsiab) M lepraec) Bartonellad) Syphilis | acd | abd | abc | ab | 1b | multi | Obligate intracellular organisms
To grow in a medium which does not contain cells (cell free medium), organism should be capable of ATP synthesis.
Obligate intracellular organisms are not capable of the metabolic pathways for ATP synthesis.
So, these organisms are dependent on the ATP of host cells.
As they require... | Microbiology | null |
be321bac-8de5-4f38-a7a3-00dff7519a26 | Stage X3B refers to the following in the classification of vitamin A deficiency: | Night blindness | Corneal xerosis | Conjunctival xerosis | Keratomalacia | 3d | single | d. Keratomalacia(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 3 IB-320, Ghai B/e p 111-112)WHO classification of Vitamin A deficiency:IndicatorCategoryNight blindnessXNConjunctival xerosisX1ABitot's spotsX1BCorneal xerosisX2Corneal ulcerationX3AKeratomalaciaX3BXerophthalmia-related corneal scarsXS | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
5e2f71c2-ac05-4d30-a114-d3d9049736ae | Clue cell is seen in aEUR' | Bacterial vaginosis | Candidial vaginosis | Chlamydiasis | Trichomonas | 0a | single | Bacterial vaginosis Clue cells are seen in bacterial vaginosis -Clue cells are vaginal epithelial cells coated with coccobacillary organisms which have granular appearance and indistinct borders, on a wet mount prepared by mixing vaginal secretions with normal saline in a ratio of -1:1. Amsel criteria for the diagnosis... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
b28001b1-1308-464d-a018-ba0b9dd88ef6 | Gold standard test for diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux is - | 24 hr double probe pH monitoring | Flexible endoscope | Barium swallow | Laryngoscopy | 0a | multi | null | ENT | null |
6d73097d-03e6-47ab-85cf-0712d90bde54 | When ICF and ECF of child becomes equal to adult person - | 1 year | 2 year | 3 year | 4 year | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 year o In fetus, ECF is much larger than ICF. o By the age of 1 year, ratio of ICF to the ECF volume approaches adult level. | Pediatrics | null |
d758ee59-0ada-4e65-a3b8-6f4042e863eb | Which of the following antimalarial agents is most commonly associated with acute hemolytic reaction in patients with glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency | Chloroquine | Clindamycin | Mefloquine | Primaquine | 3d | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
68afe46d-ff6c-4136-a9e1-5fc548ee19e8 | The most important function of the microcirculation is: | The exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue | The filtration of water through capillaries | The regulation of vascular resistance | The autoregulation of blood flow | 0a | single | Ans. A. The exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissueEach of the choices is a function of the microcirculation, but its most important function by far is to provide tissue with nutrients and remove the wastes. | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
ee6a612d-ef0d-49b4-86c8-48325f11f9ac | Altitudnal Field Defects are seen in | Non Aeritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy | Lateral Geniculate Body lesions | Optic nerve lesion | Optic Chiasma Lesion | 0a | single | Non aeritic AION Impoant Points on Visual Pathway Lesions 1. Optic nerve lesion I/l direct and c/ L consensual reflex gone Causes *Optic atrophy/ optic neuritis, Avulsion optic nerve 2. Middle Chiasmal syndrome/ Central Chiasmal lesion Saggital chiasma lesion Bitemporal hemianopia | Ophthalmology | Squint |
89c14dd8-52cb-4533-b5a3-84860c168358 | What is the treatment for headache in a case of peptic ulcer disease? | Microline aspirin | Propoxyphene | Paracetamol | Oxyphenbutazone | 1b | single | Propoxyphene binds primarily to opioid receptors and produces analgesia and other CNS effects that are similar to those seen with morphine-like opioids. It is likely that at equianalgesic doses the incidence of side effects such as nausea, anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain, and drowsiness are similar to those of c... | Pharmacology | null |
b684b1f4-5d5b-411e-8b4e-270617392fc3 | Which of the following is not estrogen dependant carcinoma | Lobular carcinoma breast | Follicular thyroid carcinoma | Endomtrial leiomyosarcoma | Carcinoma prostrate | 1b | single | Refer Robbins page no 1095 | Anatomy | Endocrinology |
c5c91064-b830-4133-b6b6-dc57f601518d | Vogt Koyanagi - Harada (VKH) syndrome is - | Chronic granulomatous uveitis | Chronic non-granulomatous uveitis | Acute purulent uveitis | None | 0a | multi | (Ref: Khurana 7th/e p.175 & 4th/e p.156) VKH syndrome is a multisystem disorder characterized by chronic granulomatous uveitsi with exudative retinal detachment that is often associated with neurological and cutaneous manifestations. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
549d744a-40a6-48ae-93ca-81086f758eb1 | Gallstones do not contain: | Oxalate | Cholesterol | Phosphate | Carbonate | 0a | multi | Gallstones In the USA and Europe, 80% are cholesterol or mixed stones, whereas in Asia, 80% are pigment stones Cholesterol or mixed stones - 51-99% pure cholesterol Pigment stone contains <30% cholesterol Black stones - Insoluble bilirubin polymer + calcium phosphate + calcium bicarbonate Brown pigment stones- calcium ... | Surgery | Gallbladder |
5a72298e-2c2b-4d6b-8567-8ceab4759835 | Typical CECT finding to suggest the diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei is: | Scalloping of the visceral surfaces of the liver and spleen | Ascites with increased HU units | Peritoneal seedlings | Pseudokidney sign | 0a | multi | CT-scan findings may be pathognomonic for pseudomyxoma peritonei, Typical CT appearance 1. Areas of low attenuation, with islands of higher attenuation due to solid elements within mucinous material. 2. Classically scalloping of visceral surfaces, paicularly of the liver and spleen Ref: World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010 ... | Surgery | null |
ebcfc2c0-c32a-4f15-9602-644c6eeaacc4 | Pathologic migration of tooth occurs: | Towards the bone resorption area | Always from the bone resorption area | Inciso occlusal direction | Axio inclined direction | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
be839723-e30c-45d8-abe9-bb25d6038d5b | Which is the most likely cause of protein - losing enteropathy | Menetrier's disease | Monosaccharidase deficiency | Sarcoidosis | Celiac sprue | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
5247f4f5-c472-4950-b5ef-9cd9fc4b0001 | The given ECG shows | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Pulmonary embolism | Pericardial effusion | Anterior wall MI | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Pulmonary embolism* The given ECG shows changes corresponding with pulmonary embolism.* Changes are- Sinus tachycardia- S1Q3T3 pattern (T-wave inversion in III)- Incomplete RBBB- Right precordial T-wave inversions* Consistent with acute RV overload in a patient with pulmonary emboli | Medicine | C.V.S. |
439a1759-2aae-44f1-afa9-123e2c0e02fc | Which of the following is not an effect of cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation: | Sweating. | Bradycardia. | Urination. | Rise in BP. | 3d | single | Stimulation of muscarinic receptors decreases BP. | Pharmacology | null |
d4c93a77-b1b7-4503-af29-edbdcd49c219 | Branched chain aminoacid is used in: | MODS | SIRS | Sepsis | Isolated hepatic failure | 3d | single | Ans: d (Isolated hepatic failure)Ref: Various internet sitesBranched chain amino acids are used in hepatic encephalopathy to improve mental function and muscle control.They have been tried in burns, sepsis and trauma but without much success.Eg of branched chain amino acid -valine, leucine and isoleucine. | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) |
0efb3ec6-3959-4d9c-a145-63be996607d1 | All are true about in pubey menorrhagia Except: | Associated with anovulatory bleeding | Endometrial biopsy confirms diagnosis | Routine screening for bleeding disorder is done | Hematinics & Hormone therapy is the treatment of choice | 1b | multi | Endometrial biopsy confirms diagnosis REF: Novak's gynecology 13' edition - page 152 Causes of mennorhagia in adoloscese Anovulatory bleeding Pregnancy-related Bleeding Exogenous Hormones Hematologic Abnormalities Infections Anatomic Causes Obstructive or paially obstructive genital anomalies typically present during a... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
344703fa-32d7-4519-b85a-d0d3eba46ca0 | 'Murphy sign' is associated with: March 2004 | Acute cholecystitis | Pancreatic mass | Splenomegaly | Carcinoma colon | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. Acute cholecystitis | Radiology | null |
5b9a54d1-3de1-4250-b94a-10dd51eafe74 | Schneiderian First rank symptoms are found in : | Schizophrenia | Organic delusional disorder | Schizoaffective disorder | All | 3d | multi | A >> B, C The presence of one of these Schneider's first rank symptoms (SFRS) in the absenc of intoxication, brain injury or clear affective illness, was sometimes taken as sufficient for making diagnosis of schizophrenia (Kaplan). SFRS are not specifc for schizophrenia and may be seen in other psychiatric disorders su... | Psychiatry | null |
b03c7bb7-6004-47e3-9302-52a8f0a6cf3b | A drug not effective in Multiple Myeloma is? | Boezomib | Hydroxyurea | Melphalan | Cylcophosphamide | 1b | single | Hydroxyurea REF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 106 Drugs used in chemotherapy of multiple myeloma are: Melphan Thalidomide Lenalidomide Cyclophosphamide Vincristine Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and liposomal doxorubici | Surgery | null |
275d5c0f-685a-4098-b759-db64d7510d59 | Which of following is true about allodynia? | Hyperalgesia | Loss of sensory sensations | Perception of non painful stimulus as pain | Hyperaesthesia | 2c | multi | *Allodynia describes the situation in which a non painful stimulus ,once perceived ,is experienced as painful ,even excruciating . Allodynia refers to central pain sensitization (increased response of neurons) following normally non-painful, often repetitive, stimulation. Allodynia can lead to the triggering of a pain ... | Medicine | C.N.S |
c5f14096-b705-43e2-b029-f80f6d9a262e | In pseudomyxoma peritonei, mucinous cyst-adenocarcinoma of which following organ is involved: | Pancreas | Kidney | Ovary | Abdominal testis | 2c | single | Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Mucinous ascites Caused by ruptured Appendiceal or Ovarian Adenocarcinoma MC primary cause - Appendix > ovary Incidence- male = female Usually seen in 4th - 5th decade Peritoneal cavity is filled with mucinous substances (JELLY like) creates pressure in abdomen compressing the bowel & simultaneou... | Surgery | GIT |
9d9d74fc-8449-4ab2-bbea-31d5781e5d60 | Low serum haptoglobin in hemolysis is masked by ? | Pregnancy | Liver disease | Bile duct obstruction | Malnutrition | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bile duct obstruction Haptoglobin o Haptoglobin is a transpo glycoprotein which binds free hemoglobin in plasma and carries it to the reticuloendothelial system. It is synthesized in the liver. o A decrease in haptoglobin levels (with normal liver function) occurs when there is excess of hemoglobin in... | Pathology | null |
bc477ab5-e4b4-495b-a396-285e3ac5dbc4 | Disinfection frees the surface from | Vegetative forms | Spore forms | Both of the above | None of the above | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
a7e6a125-1209-4d86-9f15-5fd0b74ae44e | Right axis detion is seen In all except- | Ostium primum ASD | Dextrocardia | Pulmonary hypeension | Ostium secundum ASD | 0a | multi | Right axis detion also may occur as a normal variant (paicularly in children and young adults), as a spurious finding due to reversal of the left and right arm electrodes, or in conditions such as right ventricular overload (acute or chronic), infarction of the lateral wall of the left ventricle, dextrocardia, left pne... | Medicine | C.V.S |
c2ffd06f-c09b-465b-8f9a-6393b00c0f8e | Antral puncture is done through | Superior meatus | Inferior meatus | Middle meatus | All | 1b | multi | Antral puncture and irrigation: Sinus cavity is irrigated with a cannula passed through the inferior meatus. Removal of pus and exudates helps the sinus mucosa to reve to normal. Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 219. | ENT | Diagnostic and operative ENT |
e6ac5271-14bf-4399-aa45-b758ed27a955 | Investigation of choice in whole body imaging in metastasis is - | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Radiography | Bone scan | CT Scan | 2c | single | Best investigation for bony metastasis is MRI. MRI has almost 100% sensitivity in detecting bony metastasis Investigation of choice for whole body screening for bony metastasis is Bone scan Intial investigation in symptomatic bone pain is Radiography CT is used in evaluation of focal abnormalities of bone scan and also... | Radiology | Skeletal system |
604634a0-a333-4c54-8fb1-1da9616120c3 | Treatment for achlasia associated with high rate of recurrence : | Pneumatic dilatation | Laproscopic myotomy | Open surgical myotomy | Botulinum toxin | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Botulinum toxin Treatment of Achalasia The aim of treatment is to be relieve the functional obstruction at the cardia The two main methods to achieve this are I) Forceful dilatation or 2) Esophageal myotomy (Heller's myotomy) with or without an antireflux procedure 1) Forceful dilatation (pneumatic di... | Surgery | null |
923d402b-94b8-46ef-b46a-9db913133da9 | True regarding presentation of primary T.B. is - | B/L pleural effusion with negative Tuberculin test. | U/L hilar lymphadenopathy | Sustained chronic pyrexia | B/L pelural effusion with positive tuberculin test. | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
ba45eb6a-052d-4e23-af45-7a0ae683be56 | Most potent stimulus for secretin secretion is | Distension of stomach | Bile in duodenum | Protein in duodenum | Fatty food in duodenum | 2c | single | Protein / acid in duodenum is the most potent stimulus for secretion of secretin. | Physiology | null |
7661d34d-3cf7-4848-9c07-211e5460e3ff | Standard treatment of whole-brain radiotherapy (WB) for brain Metastasis : | 20 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions | 30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions | 30 grays (Gy) in 5 fractions | 15 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions | 1b | single | Ans. B, 30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractionsWhole-brain radiotherapy (WB) to 30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions - Standard treatment in patients with multiple brain metastases.Current study investigated the potential benefit of dose escalation beyond 30 Gy. | Radiology | null |
17550dac-7d45-4e1d-ac9b-9119ac35fbfe | Which of the following statement regarding Rota virus is false? | Most commonly affects children | Double stranded RNA virus | It is a non enveloped virus | None of the above | 3d | multi | Rota virus is a double stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Reoviridae. The RNA is enclosed in a triple layered, non enveloped icosahedral capsid. It is one of the commonest cause for watery diarrhoea in children. Oral rehydration therapy is the most appropriate treatment of choice. | Microbiology | null |
1df59731-5911-4f76-84b0-af31326e3b96 | Which of the following phospholipid is associated with apoptosis? | Phosphatidylcholine | Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine | Phosphatidylserine | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate | 2c | single | Lipid bilayer is asymmetric. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine are located in the inner leaflet Lecithin and sphingomyelin are located in the outer leaflet. Flipping of phosphatidylserine to outer membrane is seen in apoptosis. This is the basis of annexin V assay | Biochemistry | Chemistry of Lipids |
7cfa5fe7-ec5c-49e3-9e0e-de168a93eb92 | Which of the following malignancy is associated with invasion of Voex Vein? | Retinoblastoma | Malignant melanoma | Optic nerve gliomas | Medullo-epitheliomas | 1b | single | Malignant melanoma of the choroid is the most common primary intraocular tumor of adults usually between the age group 40-70 years. It is rare in blacks and is more common in whites. It arise from the neural crest derived pigment cells of the uvea as a solitary tumor and is usually unilateral. This tumor during the sta... | Ophthalmology | null |
470f8c6c-20e6-4251-9931-79116a602ced | A Female health worker has to teach women in Urban slum about ORS preparation. Best method will be | Lecture | Flipcha | Demonstration | Workshop | 2c | single | Demonstration -Is a carefully planned presentation where idea is to show ' how to perform' a skill/procedure Two principles : 1. Seeing is believing 2. learning by doing | Social & Preventive Medicine | HC Methods, D-P Communication |
3bedb51a-0d6c-415e-ba51-63f285715532 | Which of the following Inhalation anaesthesia agent is Hepatotoxic: | Sevoflurane | Isoflurane | Halothane | Procaine | 2c | single | Side effects of inhalation anesthetics Halothane: Auto immune hepatitis Disrupts dual blood supply Respiratory depression Sevoflurane Produce Comp A (nephrotoxic) Day care surgery Inhalational induction agent of choice Pediatric population Isoflurane Coronary steel phenomenon Procaine Local anesthetic Used in cataract ... | Anaesthesia | FMGE 2018 |
ad10cb42-e1a4-46c2-aae7-5117a6ed9c7d | Degenerated neurofilaments seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease are: | Hirano bodies | Lipofuscin granules | Neurofibrillary tangles | Amyloid plaques | 2c | single | Neurofibrillary tanglesThe build-up manifests in two ways:Plaques- deposits of the protein beta-amyloid that accumulate in the spaces between nerve cells Tangles - deposits of the protein tau that accumulate inside of nerve cellsBoth amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are clearly visible by microscopy in brain... | Psychiatry | null |
95a15814-9dde-47b4-952a-c533b4c00180 | Pepsinogen is secreted by | Parietal cells | Mucus cells | Chief cells | Oxyntic cells | 2c | single | Chief or zymogen or peptic cells secrete pepsiongens.Parietal or oxyntic cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.These cells are located in the body of stomach, including the fundus.(Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology, 23 rd edition, page 431) | Physiology | G.I.T |
d5c83c8d-2fad-4e4c-bb1a-5ddc9b848487 | In the work of breathing, tissue resistance contributes ___% fraction: | 7% | 14% | 28% | 65% | 0a | single | Work done = load x displacement. In the context of lungs, load is analogous to pressure and displacement is volume expansion of lungs. Hence, work of breathing = DP X DV. Thus, work done can be calculated as area covered under the inspiratory curve in compliance diagram. Of the total inspiratory work, 65% work is elast... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 |
cf6c0563-55e8-4149-9401-7be2d7a5942d | Snow banking is typically seen in: | Pars planitis | Endophthalmitis | Coat's disease | Eale's disease | 0a | multi | A i.e. Pars planitis Pars planitis (intermediate uveitis) presents with snow ball opacities Q which coalesce to form a grey white plaque called snow banking Q | Ophthalmology | null |
c2780510-d57d-40b0-bdfa-a5cb64397acd | Non visualization of gastric fundic bubble with air-fluid level in retrocardiac region suggests:September 20003 | Carcinoma esophagus | Esophageal web | Achalasia cardia | Congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis | 2c | single | Ans. C i.e. Achalasia cardia | Radiology | null |
1f0a7819-df2d-4d63-aafc-62590c3d3510 | Which of the ITIowing mosquitoes is invohed in the spread of-Japanese encephalitis ? | Aedes | Anopheles | Culcx | Mansonoides | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Culex | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
df16eb83-a248-4c24-9b26-604763328694 | Which of the following is a content of dentinal tubules | Odontoblastic process | Afferent nerve terminal | Dendrites of Antigen presenting cells | All | 3d | multi | Contents of Dentinal tubule
Odontoblastic process
Afferent Nerve terminal
Dendrites of antigen presenting cell
Dentinal fluid
intratubular dentin | Dental | null |
e35c2117-7846-495d-b1d0-4c12cdbc8cd7 | Reducing sugar in urine can be detected by ? | Benedicts test | Fehling solution | Glucose-oxidase test | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the aboveDetection of reducing sugars Reducing propey of sugars in alkaline solution is utilized for both qualitative and quantitative determination of sugars. Reagent containing Cu' ions are most commonly used. These are generally alkaline solution of cupric sulfate :-Benedict's quantitative r... | Biochemistry | null |
d73ffecb-2adb-4a85-b060-741f57d2d182 | Ulcerative colitis what is seen? | Cryptitis | Crypt loss | Crypt branching | Proliferating mucosa | 0a | single | Cryptitis The pathology in ulcerative colitis typically involves distoion of crypt architecture, inflammation of crypts (cryptitis), frank crypt abscess, and hemorrhage or inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Pathology of ulcerative colitis. Macroscopic features Ulcerative colitis is a mucosal disease that usually... | Pathology | null |
5d57e27e-f21f-4078-a981-d61e610bd320 | Parachute reflex disappears by: March 2013 (c, f) | 1 year | 2 years | 3 years | Persists forever | 3d | single | Ans. D i.e. Persists Parachute (forward) reflex When:This occurs from about 9 months of age and persists. What:If the baby is held in a position where he is dropped forward, he will outstretch his hands. This is one of the baby milestones that is protective for falling. | Pediatrics | null |
4eaf53a8-d38a-4a3f-b52b-b801aa99f4c0 | All are true regarding vitamin D, except ? | Sunlight is impoant | 1-hydroxylation in liver | Active form is calcitriol | RDA is for children is 400 IU | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1-hydroxylation in liver | Physiology | null |
bd33b12f-ac10-40a4-8f1a-13cf4d118e1a | Marjolin ulcer | Ca in marjolin's is squamous cell ca | Chronic venous insufficiency | Basal cell carcinoma | arise from base of the ulcer | 0a | single | .marjolin&;s ulcer is the name given to a malignancy ( usually a squamous cell carcinoma ) which arise in any long standing wound or a scar mostly scar of an old burn it grows slowly as it is avascular it is painless | Surgery | General surgery |
53d0fd05-9fd6-4daf-a444-47303c37a667 | Proprioception is carried by which fibers? | Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis | Anterior spinothalamic tract | Lateral spinothalamic tract | Spinocerebellar tract | 0a | single | Ans. is'a'i.e., Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis(Ref: Guyton 12th/e p. 573)Posterior column (Dorsal column) (Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus) carriesProprioception (Position of body or limb, position of joint)VibrationFine touch (two point discrimination, topognosis, stereognosis).Kinesthesia | Anatomy | null |
392da5ca-e097-4dc4-a8e8-b55576c97d75 | Persistent bucconasal membrane result in | Cleft lip | Choanal atresia | Cleft palate | T-O Fistula | 1b | single | Ans. b (Choanal atresia). (Ref. Diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 3rd ed., 78, 210, 510)# Persistant bucconasal membrane leads to choanal atresia.Choanal atresia# Is a autosomal recessive trait in which the posterior choanae unilaterally or bilaterally fail to develop properly.# Persistent bucconasal membrane is the basic e... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
0a8d08fb-bad1-4046-9ec6-62534715a204 | Empirical treatment for meningococcal meningitis is: | Ceftriaxone | Cefotetan | Gentamicin | Cefoxitin | 0a | single | Ans. (A) Ceftriaxone(Ref: Harrison 19/e p767)Drug of choice for treatment of meningococcal meningitis is Penicillin G. But for empirical treatment we need to cover other likely organisms too. So, ceftriaxone is preferred that will also cover H. influenzae. Vancomycin is usually added to cover other organisms also. | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles |
e0d81130-bfb6-419a-b679-74f1a859bf0b | Pheochromocytoma are tumours of: | Adrenal cortex | Adrenal medulla | Pancreas | Bone | 1b | single | Ans. B. Adrenal medullaPheochromocytoma are a type of tumor of the adrenal glands that can release high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. As the name implies, the "ad-renal" glands are located near the "renal" area. Someone with a pheochromocytoma usually has three classic symptoms, headache, sweating, and hear... | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
332403aa-b8d2-4552-aafa-8097f8e9d843 | Primary peritonitis is more common in females because : | Ostia of Fallopian tubes communicate with abdominal cavity | Peritoneum overlies the uterus | Rupture of functional ovarian cysts | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is a i.e. Ostia of fallopian tubes communicate with abdominal cavity Primary peritonitis refers to inflammation of peritoneal cavity without a documented source of contamination. "It occurs more commonly in children than adults and in women than in men. The later distribution is explained by entry of organisms int... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a85064ea-a586-4021-8880-493772698a71 | Rhomboid major is supplied by which type of neuron- | Unipolar | Pseudounipolar | Bipolar | Multipolar | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Multipolar * All skeletal muscles are supplied by motor neurons which are multipolar neurons.* There are following types of neurons1) Unipolor neurons These neurons have one process, with different segments (of that one process) serving as dendrite (receptive surfaces) as well as axons (releasing term... | Physiology | Nervous System |
b63b2fe1-285d-493b-880b-c518a5aceb20 | SIADH secretion is seen in all except - | Meningitis | Interstitial Nephritis | Hypothyrodism | lung cancer | 1b | multi | Ref - geekymedics.com | Medicine | Endocrinology |
52377123-bb22-4adc-96a9-285a4699d291 | The most easily perforated tooth with a slight mesial or distal angulation of bur after a mandibular central incisor is: | Maxillary premolar | Maxillary molar | Mandibular premolar | Maxillary canine | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
d5fd5a26-4d40-41f7-9b85-e25275807ef9 | All of the following provisions are included in the primary health care according to the Alma Ata declaration except | Adequate supply of safe drinking water | Provision of food supply | Provision of free medicines | Basic sanitation | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Provision of free medicines Primary Health Care The Alma Ata Conference has defined primary health care as -- an essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full paicipation and at a cost the community and country can The Alma -- Ata Declaration has out... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
6b301571-46fe-409a-bda8-80d146e8aa66 | True about first order kinetics is: | A constant amount is eliminated in unit time | The half-life increases with an increase in dose | The rate of elimination is constant | The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentration | 3d | multi | Ans. d. The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentration (Ref: Katzung 12/e p43-44: KDT 7/e p30-31, 6/e p31-32)Rate of elimination is proportional to plasma concentrationQ first order kinetics (Linear kinetics).First Order Kinetics (Linear kinetics)Zero Order Kinetics (Non linear Kinetics)* Constant ... | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics |
eceae43d-d926-44b3-a3d9-b4e8184a6df7 | A 35-year-old female presents with recurrent renal stone. What is not advised? | Increase water intake | Restrict protein | Restrict salt | Restrict calcium | 3d | single | Low-calcium diets increase the risk of the incident stone formation. Low-calcium diets lead to the stone formation by reducing the amount of calcium to bind oxalate in the intestine- | urine oxalate levels. | Medicine | Kidney Stones & Renal Tubular Acidosis |
8a034771-38cb-4cd8-a500-08dd26fce343 | The tensile strength of wound after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 30 years old woman depends upon: | Replacement of type 3 collagen | Macrophage aetivity/snvasion | Extensive crosslinking of tropocollagen | Granulation tissue | 2c | single | The recovery of tensile strength results from the excess of collagen synthesis over collagen degradation during the first 2 months of healing, and, at later times, from structural modifications of collagen fibers (cross-linking, increased fiber size) after collagen synthesis ceases.
'Recovery of Tensile Strength: Fibri... | Pathology | null |
ba8c36f0-dd42-44b5-bf6e-e3be83fe672a | A 53-year-old woman with known kidney disease presents to a hospital because her pain has become increasingly more severe. A physician performing kidney surgery must remember that: | The left kidney lies a bit lower than the right one | The perirenal fat lies external to the renal fascia | The renal fascia does not surround the suprarenal gland | The left renal vein runs anterior to both the aoa and the left renal aery | 3d | multi | The left renal vein runs anterior to both the aoa and the left renal aery.. The right renal aery runs behind the IVC and is longer than the left renal aery. Because of the large size of the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney lies a little lower than the left kidney. 4 coverings around the kidney from inside to o... | Anatomy | GIT 1 |
06bbd2f9-2c3d-4fd6-afef-1b5830f43ff5 | The major role of 2,3 DPG in RBC includes | Binding of O2 | Release of O2 | Acid base balance | Reversal of glycolysis | 1b | single | The normal BPG in the blood keeps the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifted slightly to the right all the time. In hypoxic conditions that last longer than a few hours, the quantity of BPG in the blood increases considerably, thus shifting the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve even faher to the right. This shift caus... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
cce8ac92-41f6-4ccf-a26d-0b215c93f624 | A lady on long term hemodialysis developed carpel tunnel syndrome. The cause was diagnosed to be amyloidosis by using a biopsy. What is the type of amyloid that is seen? | Beta 2 microglobulin | Amyloid light chain | ATTR | Serum amyloid associated protein | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Beta 2 microglobulin Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a disorder caused by tissue deposition of beta2 microglobulin as amyloid fibrils.The clearance of beta2 microglobulin, a component of the major histocompatibility complex that is present on cell surfaces, normally occurs by glomerular filtratio... | Pathology | Histo Pathology |
5ce8d49b-7ce5-4408-b923-3147bfc6eafc | Contrast used for MRI – | Iodine | Gadolinium | Metvazamide | Pmnipaque | 1b | single | Gadolinium is the most commonly used MR contrast agent. | Radiology | null |
5af8df70-a728-4d9b-8272-a491056f70a3 | True about diabetic mother is : | Hyperglycemia occurs in all infants of diabetic mothers | High incidence of congenital hea anomalies is common | Small baby | All | 1b | multi | Ans. is b i.e. High incidence of congenital hea anomalies is common | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0671b28e-5cb9-43ce-b4d2-3bc210e95a2e | Earliest presentation of Friedrich's ataxia is? | Ataxia | Seizures | Optic atrophy | Stuttering | 0a | single | Answer is A (Ataxia): In most patients ataxia of gait and stance is the first manifestation of the disease.- Clinical Neurology by Goetz 2"d/742 Friedreich's ataxia presents with progressive staggering gait, frequent falling and titubation- Harrison Note: The first pathological changes in Friendreich's Ataxia are thoug... | Medicine | null |
10dbcd2f-df37-4901-96ed-35486a392340 | Laproscopic tubal ligation contraindication - | Post partum state | Post MTP | Gynaecologic malignancies | 3 previous childbirth | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Postpartum state "The operation is done in the interval period, concurrent with the vaginal termination of pregnancy or 6 weeks following delivery. Should not be done within 6 weeks following delivery." | Unknown | null |
bbceed07-b205-46b6-9933-7defdc90010b | All are the Complication of CVP line except - | Airway injury | Haemothroax | Air embolism | Septicemia | 0a | multi | IMMEDIATE: Failure of procedure Pneumothorax Haemothorax Retroperitoneal haematoma Aerial puncture Local haematoma Guidewire-induced arrhythmia Thoracic duct injury Guide wire embolism Air embolism EARLY: catheter blockage chylothorax catheter knots LATE: Infection : 2.5 infections/ 1000 catheter days catheter fracture... | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia |
62620647-6c10-462a-af18-c531291d8a0d | which of the following is derived from surface ectoderm- | Iris | Sclera | Lens | Optic nerve | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lens PrecursorDerivativesNeural ectodermSmooth muscle of the iris, opticle vesicle and cup, iris epithelium, ciliary epithelium, Part of the vitreous, Retina, Retinal pigment epithelium, fibres of the opric nerve.Surface ectodermConjunctiva] epithelium , Corneal epithelium. Lacrimal glands, Tarsal gla... | Ophthalmology | Anatomy |
a847371a-b9f1-4edb-a9b9-4bec0653d804 | Golden S is seen in | Left upper lobe collapse | Pleural Effusion | Left lower lobe collapse | Bronchogenic carcinoma | 3d | single | Golden "S" sign is a Reverse "S" sign seen on Frontal Chest Radiograph In patients with Bronchogenic Ca with Right Upper lobe collapse Lower convexity of the Reverse S is due to the mass Upper concavity of the "S" is due to Right UPPER LOBE atelectasis with the upward shifting of the horizontal fissure. | Radiology | Respiratory Radiology |
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