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135
61048be5-1186-47a7-b46e-393ece50edb6
Recently aseptic meningitis was discovered as an adverse effect of which of the following drug?
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Ketorolac
Nimesulide
0a
single
Ibuprofen is a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is the most frequent cause of aseptic meningitis induced by drugs. The incidence of this type of aseptic meningitis is increasing, mainly among patients with underlying autoimmune connective tissue disorder Ref: G n G 13th ed.
Pharmacology
All India exam
45cc3a80-f42e-4813-bbbe-534fbacb0821
True statement about transgenic mice is
Developed from DNA inseion into feilized egg
Have same genome as parents except one or more genes
Identical genome to parent mice
Produced by breeding over several generations
0a
multi
In 1974 Rudolf Jaenisch created the first genetically modified animal by inseing a DNA virus into an early-stage mouse embryo and showing that the inseed genes were present in every cell.
Biochemistry
Metabolism of nucleic acids
b5725a5e-5e72-4258-bb73-09e6f742c490
Borax is: NEET 13
Gastrointestinal irritants
Genitourinary irritants
Ecbolics
Emmenagogues
3d
single
Ans. Emmenagogues
Forensic Medicine
null
ad5102ce-4b61-4f44-a4b1-dfdb07d029e1
Amount of gastric juice per day is
500 - 1000ml
1000 - 1500ml
2000 - 2500ml
3000ml
2c
single
A typical adult human stomach will secrete about 1.5 liters of gastric acid daily Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:406,407,408
Physiology
Renal physiology
0ca54d90-f5ec-49fd-b679-f224d920ca03
"Guiding planes" relates to:
Path of insertion
Means of retention
Extent of undercuts
Tilt of abutment teeth
0a
single
null
Dental
null
588415b1-5162-4bd6-80af-085e45645322
Fat embolism commonly occurs in: UP 04
Scurvy
Fracture of long bones
Paget's disease
Psoriasis
1b
single
Ans. Fracture of long bones
Forensic Medicine
null
f299f76d-1c4d-404b-ba4e-03255b90296b
The following anaesthetic drug causes pain on intravenous adminstration:
Midazolam
Propofol
Ketamine
Thiopentone sodium
1b
single
B i.e. Propofol - Incidence of pain on injection after intravenous administration of drug in small vein (eg. dorsum of wrist or hand) is 80% for etomidate, 40% for propofol, 20% for methohexital 1% and 10% for thiopental 2.5% anesthetic agents - This incidence is greatly reduced if a large vein is used, if a small dose...
Anaesthesia
null
29a7eb45-74d4-4723-9ae6-e54cbf30f975
Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by -
Insulin
Fructose -1,6 bisphosphate
ATP
All of the above
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., ATPPyruvate Kinaseo This enzyme catalyzes conversion of PEP to pyruvate.o Pyruvate kinase is an inducible enzyme that increases in concentration with high insulin level and decreases with glucagon.o It is activated by fructose-1,6 bisphosphate and inactivated by ATP and alanine.
Biochemistry
Glycolysis
02a43538-7eca-40aa-8edd-f8d1aa504585
Patient complaining of retrosternal chest pain for more than half an hour is most likely to be:
Angina
MI
CHF
Congenital heart problem
1b
single
null
Medicine
null
5085490e-fbf3-4d47-8bc1-d519ec32cf00
Copper containing enzyme is ?
Cytochrome oxidase
Catalase
LDH
None
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cytochrome oxidase Copper containing enzymes are cytochrome oxidase, tyrosinase, lysyl oxidase, ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin), Ascorbic acid oxidase, and superoxide dismutase.
Biochemistry
null
ebe096ba-7739-4932-b967-1c887e3d079d
Infections transmitted to the baby at delivery:
Toxoplasmosis
Gonococcus
Herpes simplex type II
Hepatitis-B
0a
single
The risk of transmission increases with the period of gestation,but the risk of teratogenecity decreases. Refer page no 294,295 of Text book of obsteics,sheila balakrishnan,2nd edition.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy
bf39ceed-4140-44a0-8fc0-f9708b934434
Edema is visible when the amount of fluid accumulated is: March 2013 (d, f)
2-3 litres
3-4 litres
4-5 litres
5-6 litres
3d
single
Ans. D i.e. 5-6 litres
Medicine
null
b93df9ee-c0d4-4e50-b1cd-f3638b211777
Which pa of the spine is most commonly affected in Rheumatoid ahritis:
Cervical
Lumbar
Thoracic
Sacral
0a
single
Answer is A (Cervical): Rheumatoid ahritis commonly involves the joints of hands, wrist, elbow, knees, ankle, and feet in a symmetrical manner. Axial skeleton involvement is usually limited to Upper Cervical Spine.
Surgery
null
6f394237-466f-475a-ac57-607cd56e15b3
Which of the following is not a significance of centric relation?
This position is independent of tooth contact or position.
Mounting errors can be detected if centric relation is taken as horizontal reference point.
It helps in orienting the maxillary cast to opening axis of articulator.
It helps in developing occlusion for complete denture patients.
2c
single
Face bow is to orient the maxillary cast with opening axis of articulator and mandible.
Dental
null
ee34520f-86df-4451-adb6-2604e280b6c7
Which one of the following is a secondary pollutant?
Benzene
Nitrogen oxide
Ozone
Sulphur dioxide
2c
single
Secondary air pollutants are formed within the atmosphere itself, they arise from chemical reactions of primary pollutants, most familiar example is ozone. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 793
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
e1efcf77-bb5d-45c5-b4c6-4859d2472a93
Features of cystinuria are -
Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption of cystin
Autosomal recessive
Recurrent renal stone
All of above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above Cystineuriao Metabolic disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance.o Defect in transport of cystine and some other aminoacid across renal tubular ceil & interstitial cell,o Selective increase renal clearance of cystine and other basic aminoacid in urine.o High urinary cystine leads to rad...
Pediatrics
Metabolism of Amino Acids
1f9e46b1-1cd3-4757-a57b-ae6a32be5c49
Which substance is/are not deposited in hepatocyte?
Lipofuschin
Melanin like pigment
Bile pigment
Melanin
2c
single
Bile pigment deposition at sweat pores of patients with liver disease REFERANCE. jaad .org
Pathology
G.I.T
df08c15d-72b1-4161-9e27-2c084bc4cba3
All of the following can occur in a normal neonate for heat regulation except _______
Shivering
Breakdown of brown fat with noradrenaline secretion
Universal flexion like a fetus
Cutaneous vasoconstriction
0a
multi
Neonates donot generate heat by shivering. Heat production in neonates happens by increasing the metabolic rate and oxygen consumption by releasing norepinephrine, which results in non-shivering thermogenesis through beta-oxidation of brown fat. Preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants have scanty brown fat ...
Pediatrics
New born infants
7e151e9b-1381-4960-9361-cbc451fc6409
Multi drug resistant tuberculosis is defined as resistance to?
INH and Pyrizinamide
INH and Rifampicin
Rifampicin and Pyrizinamide
Resistance to all first line drugs
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., INH and Rifampicin o Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis is defined by resistance to INH and Rifampicin.o 'Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as disease caused by strain of M Tuberculosis that is resistant to both Isoniazid (ONH) and Rifampicin-the most efficacious of the first line A...
Medicine
Bacteriology
6e5df5aa-9723-40ad-bd5d-c2df1bf920f9
All are inhabitants of Liver except -
F. Hepatica
F. Buski
Clonorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis felincus
1b
multi
The common name for Fasciolopsis buski is the large or giant intestinal fluke.It is the largest trematode infecting humans.Pig serves as reservoir of infection for man. ( refer pgno: 127 baveja 3 rd edition)
Microbiology
parasitology
fdf2f88b-ff56-44b7-8706-355bf2c3cb49
What is the type of Goldman tonometry?
Applanation Tonometry
Dynamic countour tonometry
Rebound tonometry
Impression tonometry
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Applanation Tonometry Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP)* Measurement of IOP is done byA) Manometry It is the only direct measure of IOP.B) TonometryIt is an indirect method of measurement of IOP. Following types of tonometers are therei) Indentation (impression) tonometerThese are the most com...
Ophthalmology
Glaucoma
d626e30a-dac6-49fe-8384-d6378d07ecdf
A lady with placenta pre delivered a baby. She had excessive bleeding and shock. After resuscitation most likely complication would be:
Galactorrhoea
Diabetes insipidus
Loss of menstruation
Cushing's syndrome
2c
single
Sheehan syndrome refers to panhypopituitarism. It classically follows massive postpaum hemorrhage and associated hypotension. Abrupt, severe hypotension leads to pituitary ischemia and necrosis. In its most severe form, these patients develop shock due to pituitary apoplexy. In less severe forms, loss of gonadotrope ac...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
649ede47-8199-4cf4-b591-942db68ee7d9
In Ghon's technique of autops, organs are removed
As organ blocks
One by one
En - Masse
Not removed
0a
single
Refer the byte "Autopsy technique and types".
Forensic Medicine
null
9a5d3821-0404-439c-8da9-48325e5c4d02
Acrodynia is associated with:
Lead
Mercury
Zinc
Arsenic
1b
single
Ans. (b) MercuryRef: The Essentials ofFSM by K.S. Narayan Reddy 31st ed. / 505MERCURY POISONING (HYPRAGYRISM)* Vapours of mercuric compounds are poisonous because it will be absorbed in the systemic circulation.* Mercuric compounds being soluble are more poisonous than mercurous (less soluble) compounds.Clinical Presen...
Unknown
null
4790223f-e90f-444a-99b8-2a383f481239
Not true about hepatoblastoma
Most common in children
Mature hepatocytes present
Not associated with cirrhosis
Fatal if untreated
1b
multi
Ans. (b) Mature hepatocytes present(Ref: R 9th/pg 870)Histology of Hepatoblastoma can be of 2 types:Epithelial type, composed of small polygonal fetal cells or smaller embryonal cells forming acini, tubules, or papillary structuresMixed epithelial and mesenchymal type, which contains foci of mesenchymal differentiation...
Pathology
Liver & Biliary Tract
832a7b0c-bb44-4b55-a74a-f6e5514707f2
A patient with malabsorption who develops a deficiency of vitamin A is most likely to subsequently develop:
Acute leukemia
Intestinal metaplasia
Megaloblastic anemia
Night blindness
3d
single
The symptoms of vitamin A deficiency result from abnormalities involving the normal functions of vitamin A. These normal functions include maintaining mucus-secreting epithelium, restoring levels of the visual pigment rhodopsin, increasing immunity to infections, and acting as an antioxidant.
Pathology
null
2e20affe-b044-4fa6-9ac1-162a1a81272b
Fatty acids help in synthesis of all except:
Glucose
Cholesterol
Ketone bodies
Fat
0a
multi
null
Biochemistry
null
ff432971-4028-41da-a5e4-18602aadc53d
Young male scrotal swelling since 3 yrs on examination fluctuant swelling testis not separately felt. No trauma or fever. Diagnosis -
Vaginal hydrocele
Hemorchitis
Ca testis
Varicocele
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vaginal hydorcele o Vaginal hydroceleThis is common type of hydrocele; whee acumulation of fluid occurs between the layers of tunica vaginalis in scrotum. These may! be of Pvo types : Primary and secondary?In primary vaginal hydrocele, often there is not definite cause.Secondary vaginal hydrocele acco...
Surgery
Miscellaneous (Testis & Scrotum)
ba451cf3-67e0-4842-908e-8de238249e63
A 7-year-old boy presents with, patchy hair loss, boggy scalp swelling and broken and fragmented hair follicles at the surface of the scalp resembling black dots. What is the next step in establishing a diagnosis:
Culture
KOH smear
Biopsy
Antibiotics
1b
multi
The clinical picture is suggestive of Tinea capitis. Although culture is the gold standard in its diagnosis, KOH examination of the hair is the quick method to demonstrate spored and hyphae within and around the hair. Ref: Clinical Pediatric Dermatology By Thappa, Page 57-59, Elsevier India 2009
Skin
null
eb91f10f-5531-4150-adfe-2f83a93d2f87
Which one of the following physiological event of cardiac cycle is responsible for QRS complex?
Atrial depolarization
Ventricular depolarization
Atrial repolarisation
Ventricular repolarisation
1b
single
The P wave represents the wave of depolarization that spreads from the SA node throughout the atria. The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization. Ventricular rate can be calculated by determining the time interval between QRS complexes. The isoelectric period (ST segment) following the QRS is the time at whic...
Physiology
null
85890f21-fd7b-46f2-badd-2cc2bb957aeb
An accustomed way of doing things is known as:
Habit
Custom
Belief
Ritual
0a
single
Habit is an accustomed way of doing things. It is the usual way of action that can be performed without thinking. Chapter: Medicine and social sciences. Ref: Park 21st edition, page: 627.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
2c82132f-13a3-4eb0-aea5-3f8532ff26f8
A neurosurgeon dropped his kid to the school then there he saw a child with uncontrollable laughing and precocious pubey. When he again went to the school in capital parents teachers meeting, he talked to the father of that boy and advised him to get an In1R1 done and the diagnosis was confirmed. What is the most proba...
Hypothalamic hamaoma
Pineal germinoma
Pituitary adenoma
Craniopharyngioma
0a
single
Ans. a. Hypothalamic hamaoma Uncontrollable laughing and precocious pubey are suggestive of hypothalamic hamaoma. Hypothalamic Hamaoma Central precocious pubey staing before the age 3 years is often due to hypothalamic hamaomaQ . Seizures, especially laughing spells (gelastic seizures)deg are seen in children with hypo...
Pediatrics
null
089e67c6-1f35-4cb9-95c2-f0c1fe78dd6b
Drug of choice for Huntington's chorea is
Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
Tetrabenazine
Donepezil
2c
single
Huntigton's chorea is characterized by dopaminergic overactivity and Tetrabenazine is a dopamine depleter which is the drug of choice for this condition.
Pharmacology
null
49541f98-0ecd-425e-abdb-48d3d1e7945f
Which of the following is associated with > 20% risk of chromosomal anomalies:
Omphalocele
Cleft palate
Cleft lip
Spina bifida
0a
single
Omphalocele
Pathology
null
de6d67d7-8d60-4f44-8e7d-f999dab2a04b
What is the end product of catabolism of pyrimidine?
NH3
CO2 & H2O
Both
None
1b
multi
The end products of pyrimidine catabolism is CO2 and H2O.
Biochemistry
null
7837f0c8-2e12-44c2-b79f-d8496602c39d
Autoimmune destruction of platelet is seen in -
SLE
Rheumatoid arthritis
Reiter disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
0a
single
null
Medicine
null
91034014-5fa7-4d95-a558-9634494061b4
Most common ovarian tumour to undergo torsion is :
Pseudomucinous cystadenoma
Brenner's tumour
Adenomyoma
Dermoid cyst
3d
single
Dermoid cyst
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
426996c8-9e0f-4d7d-8fca-5019c2496b6c
Iron supplements given for anemia,is which level of prevention
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
2c
single
Early diagnosis and treatment of disease comes under secondary level of prevention
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
bae9d697-285f-41ef-af6e-490f9b722bf9
Enzyme defect in Classic Phenylketonuria
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Dihydrobiopterin reductase
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
Homogentisate oxidase
0a
single
Hyperphenylalaninemias arise from defects in phenylalanine hydroxylase (type I, classic phenylketonuria (PKU), frequency 1 in 10,000 bihs), in dihydrobiopterin reductase (types II and III), or in dihydrobiopterin biosynthesis (types IV and V).Ref: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 29 Catabolism of the Carbo...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of protein and amino acid
ecfd7de9-3ced-489d-909f-0a4ea31e5989
Length of Posterior vaginal wall is -
Variable
Same as anterior vaginal wall
Less than anterior vaginal wall
More than anterior vaginal wall
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., More than anterior vaginal wall o The anterior wall is about 8 cm long and the posterior wall is about 10 cm long.Vaginao The vagins is a fibromuscular, canal forming the female copulatory organ,o It extends from vulva to uterus.o Mucous membrane is lined by non keratinized stratified squamous epithel...
Anatomy
Female Genital System
58272f1a-93e1-4de9-808e-03dc588a2440
Which is concerned with HUMORAL immunity
B cell
T cell
Basophil
Monocytes
0a
single
null
Microbiology
null
b9759f26-8e68-4d76-ae5b-ab0865e5cd03
A 34-year-old man is pushing some heavy weights while doing squats. Unfounately, while maxing out, he drops the weight and immediately grabs at his upper thigh, writhing in pain. The man is admitted to the emergency depament and during physical examination is diagnosed with a femoral hernia. What reference structure wo...
Femoral Vein
Femoral Aery
Pectineus Muscle
Femoral Nerve
0a
single
In a Femoral Hernia, abdominal contents are forced through the femoral ring, which is just lateral to the Lacunar Ligament (of Gimbernant) and just medial to the Femoral Vein. The Femoral Vein would be found immediately lateral to the Femoral Hernia. The adductor longus muscle as well as the pectineus muscle would be f...
Anatomy
Lower limb 1
fd580971-d063-468e-b933-33ddcbf6d512
You are shown PA and lateral chest radiographs from a 53-year-old woman with mild dyspnea. Which one of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Mesothelioma
Empyema
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Solitary fibrous tumor
3d
single
A. Incorrect. Mesothilioma appears as a rind of tissue that encircles the hemothorax. This features is not present in the provided images. B. Incorrect. Empyema demonstrates pleural effusion with air and or thickening of the pleura. These features are not present in the provided images. C. Incorrect. Bronchogenic carci...
Radiology
Respiratory system
e006342d-9ee1-43d2-9057-785090eedfb3
Which is most economical and best screening
Mass screening
High risk screening
Multiphasis screening
Any of the above
1b
multi
Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 137 High-risk or selective screening : Screening will be most productive if applied selectively to high-risk groups, the groups defined on the basis of epidemiological research. Types of screening : Mass screening. High-risk or selective screening. Multi-phasic screening.
Social & Preventive Medicine
Screening
70c5040a-7981-4911-8177-2949730186c5
In reduction genioplasty
Symphysis part of mandible is reduced
Symphysis part of mandible is advanced
Parasymphysis part of the mandible is reduced
Parasymphysis part of the mandible is advanced
0a
single
null
Surgery
null
c2a36ad8-0324-46eb-82af-d86069c78632
In a hea patient, contraceptive of choice is ?
Sterilization
IUCD
OCP
Norplant
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sterilization o Sterilization & double barrier methods are the contraception of choice in hea patients.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
cc7e81a2-158b-49de-973c-9b52c0cb7abd
The peripheral nervous system develops primarily from:
Neural tube
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Neural crest
3d
single
The peripheral nervous system is mainly derived from the neural crest. The peripheral nervous system is primarily derived from the neural crest. Through migration and specialisation, cells of the neural crest develop into cranial, spinal, and visceral nerves and ganglia, suppo cells of the peripheral nervous system als...
Anatomy
General anatomy
dacf42a3-a038-43b1-8e22-2c1ce090c279
All are seen in treacher collin syndrome except
Conductive deafness
Cleft palate
Mandibular hypoplasia
Choanal atresia
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Choanal atresia Treacher collins syndrome It is rare condition that presents several craniofacial deformities of different levels. This is a congenital malformation involving the first and second branchial arches. The disorder is characterized by abnormalities of the auricular pinna, hypoplasia of fac...
ENT
null
196f9fc0-44f1-4a07-98c7-ee8078601961
Pringle maneuvar to arrest hehemorrhage is
Clamping of poal vein
Clamping of hepatic aery
Clamping of hepatic vein
Clamping of hepatoduodenal ligament
3d
single
Pringle manoeuvre is used to control hemorrhage by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament and compressing the poal triad,thereby reducing aerial and venous inflow into the liver.But it doesn't control the backflow from inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. Reference: Bailey & Love's sho practise of surgery,25 th edition,...
Surgery
G.I.T
3c5e6213-3e14-4098-8d59-22455db6d2dd
A girl presents with hyper pigmented skin lesions, precocious puberty and some bony lesion. what is the most probable diagnosis?
Cushing syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Mc - cune Albright syndrome
Hypothalamic hamartoma
2c
single
The image represents cafe - au - lait spots. Precocious puberty, bony lesion like fibrous dysplasia are seen in Mc cune Albright syndrome,
Pediatrics
null
73f8fa4b-b988-40c4-9d0e-45532f748b83
Function of guardian of genome p53 is whicvh of the following?
Increase in Cell proliferation
Evasion of Apoptosis
Inducer of necrosis
Reduce cell mutation rate
3d
single
D- Reduced cell mutation rate. P53 is an example of a pro-apoptotic gene k/a Guardian of Genome. If DNA is damaged / mutated p53, repairs it. But if defect is beyond repair - Activation of pro-apoptotic machinery - Apoptosis Result: - Reduced cell mutation rate The p53 protein is the central monitor of stress in the ce...
Pathology
JIPMER 2018
6f499bba-f63a-4c32-b737-cb7cdcb9b074
Which valve is present at opening of nasolacrimal duct-
Hasner's valve
Heister valve
Spiral valve
None
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hasner's valve o Nasolacrimal duct opens into inferior meatus and is closed by a mucosal flap called Hasner's valve,o Heister valve (spiral valve) is present in cyclic duct.
Anatomy
Nose
125904e2-71bc-4806-b1a0-aca8ba9c05b0
Surest proof of antemoem burn is
Heat rupture
Presence of soots beyond the tracheal bifurcation
Blackening of bones
Clean laryngeal airway
1b
single
In case of burns, if death has occurred from suffocation,aspirated blackish coal paicles are seen in the nose,mouth,larynx,trachea,bronchi,oesophagus and stomach, and blood is cherry red. Presence of carbon paicles especially in the terminal bronchioles and an elevated CO saturation together are absolute proof that the...
Forensic Medicine
Death and postmortem changes
c7f13f01-0c1c-42f3-a7d4-f339e36a9c2e
Most impoant step in the repair of an indirect inguinal hernia is -
Herniotomy
Narrowing of the internal ring
Bassini's repair
Transfixation of the neck of the sac
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Narrowing of the internal ring
Surgery
null
846125ad-6d9d-4a16-af35-6afc6533a3ef
Highest incidence of anemia in the tropics is due to -
Hookworm
Thread worm
Ascaris
Guinea worm
0a
single
Option 1 Chronic hookworm infection with heavy worm load: In the intestine, adult worms attach to intestinal villi with their buccal teeth and feed on blood and tissue with the aid of anticoagulants. A few hundred worms in the intestine can cause hookworm disease, which is characterized by severe anemia and iron defici...
Microbiology
Parasitology Pa 2 (Helminthology)
e21f91d0-2b10-4442-8419-10b0d5b6f527
Dilatation of upper lobe veins is a reliable sign of:
Cardiac decompensation
Pulmonary ht.
Emphysema
Silicosis
0a
single
Ans. Cardiac decompensation
Radiology
null
484ef19a-ce3c-4d08-abe4-f8fae4e2c831
Pulmonary function abnormalities in interstitial lung diseases include all of the following except
Reduced vital capacity
Reduced FEV1 /FVC ratio
Reduced diffusion capacity
Reduced total lung capacity
1b
multi
A group of disorders that cause progressive scarring of lung tissue. Interstitial lung disease may be caused by long-term exposure to hazardous materials, such as asbestos or coal dust, or it can be caused by an auto-immune disease such as rheumatoid ahritis. Once lung scarring occurs, it's generally irreversible. Ref:...
Physiology
Respiratory system
ea54f2de-6d2c-4d51-919b-fd4eccb597ce
A smoker is worried about the side effects of smoking. But he does not stop smoking thinking that he smokes less as compared to others and takes a good diet. This thinking is called as:
Self-exemption
Self-protection
Cognitive behaviour
Distortion
0a
multi
Ans. a. Self-exemption (Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">; Kaplan and Sadock 11/e p590)There are many psychological barriers that need to be overcome in order to successfully quit smoking. Self-exempting belief is one of them."Self-exempting beliefs: A large majorit...
Psychiatry
Tobacco-Related Disorders
e48672cc-90bf-4d36-8877-b2d7b4c995cc
Number of ATP generated in one TCA cycle-
2
5
10
11
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 10 o In a single TCA cycle 10 molecules of ATP are produced (12 molecules according to older calculations),o One turn of the TCA cycle, starting with acetyl Co A produces 10 ATPs. When the starting molecule is pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruva...
Biochemistry
Kerbs Cycle
fca2a12c-f6a6-4e8c-a58e-a295ab1faf15
What is the X-ray diagnosis?
Fracture Olecranon
Fracture shaft of humerus
Supracondylar fracture humerus
Elbow dislocation
2c
single
.
Anatomy
All India exam
8de023eb-3ebb-40ff-8431-c14cd31b324f
All of the following are mesodermal in origin except -
Dilators of iris
Iris stroma
Ciliary body
Choroid
0a
multi
null
Anatomy
null
1a045b9f-6838-4d0f-9322-60a57214ce54
A 26-year-woman undeakes a prolonged fast for religious reasons. Which of the following metabolites will be most elevated in his blood plasma after 3 days?
Glucose
Glycogen
Ketone bodies
Non-esterified fatty acids
2c
single
As he becomes progressively more starved, his liver will synthesize ketone bodies as an additional fuel for muscle, which cannot meet all of its energy needs from fatty acid metabolism. This spares glucose for the brain and red blood cells. Higher than normal quantities of ketone bodies present in the blood or urine co...
Biochemistry
null
561a8552-d4a1-48de-a897-228843fef807
Which of the following processes is not a true component of swallowing?
Closure of the glottis.
Involuntary relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter.
Movements of the tongue against the palate.
Esophageal peristalsis.
2c
multi
The movement of the tongue against the palate is the only voluntary process among the four possible answers
Physiology
null
1b726811-7dcf-4903-ac47-8aaa828e8268
Glycogenin primer is glucosylated by:
UDP Glucose
Glucose 1 PO4
UDP Glucose 1 PO4
UDP Glucose 6 PO4
0a
single
Ans. A. UDP Glucose(Ref: Harper 31/e page 164)Glycogenin, a 37 kDa protein is glucosylated on specific tyrosine residue by UDP glucose.Glycogenenin catalyses transfer of 7 glucose residue from UDP-Glc, in l-4 linkage to form Glycogen primer.Further Glucose on glycogen primer are added by Glycogen Synthase to nonreducin...
Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
0a679031-5de8-4315-9649-60f07747c365
Treatment of choice for stab injury caecum ?
Caecostomy
Ileo-transverse anastomosis
Transverse colostomy
Sigmoid colostomy
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., ileo-transverse anastomosis These options mentioned in the question are of the year 1989; no longer seems to be valid. The management of Colonic injuries in latest edition of Schwaz is: Currently 3 methods for managing the colonic injuries are used? a. Primary repair (it includes lateral suture repair...
Surgery
null
79dce157-73b8-4d6e-975f-3b279a20a38c
All of the following are true about break point chlorination, except -
Free chlorine is released in water after break point chlorination
Chlorine demand is the amount needed to kill bacteria, oxidize organic matter neutralize ammonia
1 ppm free chlorine should be present in water after break point has reached
Contact period of 1 hour is necessary
2c
multi
The point at which the residual chlorine appears and when all combined chlorines have been completely destroyed is the breakpoint and the corresponding dosage is the breakpoint dosage. The breakpoint chlorination achieves the same result as superchlorination in a rational manner and therefore be constructed as controll...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
ef319208-620c-43ee-825d-d2f192c40543
Treatment of mucocele on lower lip
Incision
Excision
Excision with adjacent glands
Biopsy
2c
single
null
Surgery
null
14d0e532-7cfb-43cc-8490-be95f63552d3
Acute Gouty ahritis is seen early in treatment following
Probenecid
Allopurinol
Colchicine
Rasburicase
1b
multi
Allopurinol REF: Goodman Gillman manual of pharmacology and therapeutics 2008 edition page 458 "The incidence of acute attacks of gouty ahritis mayincrease duringthe early months of allopurinol therapy as a consequence of mobilization of tissue stores of uric acid. Co-administration of colchicine helps suppress such ac...
Pharmacology
null
9244b1d7-efa4-4632-83fd-0fce25971d22
Renal autoregulation:
Is associated with increased renal vascular resistance when arterial blood pressure is lowered from 100 to 80 mm Hg
Mainly involves changes in the caliber of efferent arterioles
Maintains a normal renal blood flow during severe hypotension (blood pressure, 50 mm Hg)
Minimizes the impact of changes in arterial blood pressure on renal Na+ excretion
3d
single
Ans. D. Minimizes the impact of changes in arterial blood pressure on renal Na+ excretionIn the autoregulatory range, vascular resistance falls when arterial blood pressure falls. Changes in vessel caliber primarily occur in vessels upstream to the glomeruli (cortical radial arteries and afferent arterioles). Because a...
Physiology
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
24ee97c9-c217-4e86-b34d-c543b694cea1
Xiphoid process fuses with sternum after: DNB 09
60 years
40 years
30 years
20 years
1b
single
Ans. 40 years
Forensic Medicine
null
f2bd1a5d-e3db-4a2c-8245-01fab904ffb5
Secretory diarrhoea is found in-
Thyrotoxicosis
Shigella infection
Lactase deficiency
Glucose intake
1b
single
null
Medicine
null
8e943b2e-8c57-48c7-88ea-277b50672c9d
Intercostal vessels and nerve runs in:
Upper border of the ribs
External intercostal and Internal intercostal muscle
Between the external intercostal and innermost internal, inter costal muscle
Between the innermost intercostal and internal intercostal muscle
3d
single
(Between the innermost intercostal and internal intercostal muscle) (208-BDC-l 4th) (57-Snell 7th)* Each intercostal space contains a large single posterior intercostal artery and two small anterior intercostal arteries.* The corresponding posterior intercostal vein drain backward into the azygos or hemiazygos vein and...
Anatomy
Thorax
367bdb2a-14f2-4328-9411-c0f430e75646
Most common bone involved in haemangioma?
Femur
Tibia
Pelvis
Veebrae
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Veebrae Haemangioma This benign lesion, probably a hemaoma, is composed of vascular spaces lined by endothelial cells. They constitute 1-1.5% of all primary bone neoplasms. It has a peak incidence in the fifth decade (according to Maheshwari, young adults). About 50% of hemangiomas of bone occur in ve...
Surgery
null
6cbfc12d-8bd5-49d1-b969-fcf2ce015226
All of the following are risk factors for atherosclerosis except:
Increased waist-hip ratio
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Decreased fibrinogen levels
Decreased HDL levels
2c
multi
null
Medicine
null
92a4257a-2c4c-4d90-aec2-c0a83d8bcc42
Which agent is effective in killing spores?
Alcohol
Phenol
Chlorine
Formaldehyde
3d
single
Ans: D (Formaldehyde) Ref: Ammthanamyan R. Panther CKJ Textbook of Microbiology. 8th Edition. Hyderabad: Universities Press: 2009. Pg. 35-8Explanation:Formaldehyde is active against the amino group in the protein molecule.In aqueous solutions, it is markedly bactericidal and sporicidal and also has a lethal effect on v...
Microbiology
Sterilization and Disinfection
39669a07-721b-42a6-a7a0-bf984b26ffdf
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis is caused by
L. Brasiliensis
L. tropica
L. donovani
L. Chagasi
0a
single
L. Brasiliensis causes Espundia (Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis).
Microbiology
null
69690df7-aa7f-4ed1-a275-711c24c829ee
Amongst the following extrapyramidal side effect is commonest with which drug?
Risperidone
Haloperidol
Clozapine
Ziprasidone
1b
single
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug and has negligible risk of extrapyramidal symptoms. Atypical antipsychotic drugs act by antagonistic actions at 5-HT2 and alpha receptors and may or may not possess D2 blocking activity. These drugs are less likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms. However, most of these agen...
Pharmacology
Psychiatric Illness
4e452014-6a20-417b-ab83-81cdf95c9e47
Proteins can be separated by the following methods except:
Electrophoresis
Ultra-centrifugation
Gas-liquid Chromatography
Salt separation
2c
multi
Ans. C. Gas-liquid ChromatographySeparation of Plasma proteins by:a) Salting out method (using ammonium sulphate)Three proteins are separated- Albumins- Full Saturation- Globulins-Half Saturationb) Gas Liquid chromatography is used to separate volatile substances on heating. Therefore not used to separate proteins, bec...
Biochemistry
Structure & Function of Protein
b051dc7d-b71e-49bf-8495-2c3d634ee9e6
Civatte bodies are a feature of ?
Lichen simplex chronicus
Lichen planus
Lichen sclerosus
All of the above
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lichen planus Civatte bodies (cytoid bodies/ colloid bodies/ hyaline bodies)* A characteristic histopathological feature of lichen planus* They are apoptotic basal cells present at dermo-epidermal junction and papillary dermis. Formed my macrophages engulfing the melanin.Other histopathological featur...
Unknown
null
79e3caa4-baf4-4db1-b001-867213ed207b
PNH is associated with all of the following conditions, except :
Aplastic anemia
Venous thrombosis
Iron deficiency anemia
Increased LAP scores
3d
multi
Answer is D (Increased LAP scores) PNH is associated with a decreased Leukocyte Alkaline phosphase (LAP) score PNH: Paroxysmal Nuctunal haemoglobinuria: Review PNH is an Acquired Q Intracarpuscular (--) disorder, acquired at stern cell level (-) by loss characterised by undue sensitivity of red blood cell's membrane to...
Medicine
null
4a799a79-0913-49d7-b771-600c0453dd8d
. Relative Risk can be obtained from -
Case study
Cohort study
Case control study
Experimental study
1b
single
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
81b48d3d-b30f-4ae1-a53b-733a9ee7cd63
Winging of scapula which muscle is affected
Teres minor
Latissimus dorsi
Subscapularis
Serratus anterior
3d
single
Winging of scapulaIn this condition, the veebral border of scapula becomes more prominent when the patient tries to push against the wallIt occurs in paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle in long thoracic nerve palsy(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 268)
Orthopaedics
All India exam
3023c2db-63c5-4b69-8155-9f45818d48d5
Not a Radioprotector
Amifostine
IL-1
GM-CSF
BUDR
3d
single
BUDR is a Non-hypoxic cell Radiosensitizer.
Radiology
null
95173597-0b65-463a-b695-c383f2083a58
Incubation period depends on all except
Individual susceptibility
Infective dose
Portal of entry
Size of the infective organism
3d
multi
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
c82427ec-7664-480a-baf4-2b9c10ab0bc0
A 22 year old male following a spos trauma presented with pain and stiffness in the neck. On examination, the right shoulder is drooping . Which of the following muscle is likely to be paralysed?
Trapezius
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
All of the above
0a
multi
Drooping of the shoulder is caused by paralysis of the trapezius. The trapezius is innnervated by spinal accessory nerve (CN XI). It causes retraction of scapula, shrugging of the shoulder and overhead abduction ( along with serratus anterior). Paralysis of trapezius causes drooping of shoulder and slight winging of sc...
Anatomy
All India exam
fe048555-f64e-41f3-89a6-526b32ba3e92
Which of the following statements is true -
Chronic myeloid leukemia occurs beyond 50 years of age
Hairy cell leukemia in less than 50 years has a good prognosis
Acute lymphoid leukemia in less than 1 year
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs in less than 50 years of age
2c
multi
. Acute lymphoid leukemia in less than 1 year
Pathology
null
a779c2b2-f91e-41c0-9b5a-32e015df2a5e
All are true regarding SCID except:
Due to deficiency of adenosine deaminase
Toxicity of leucocytes due to accumulation of cAMP
Both cellular and humoral immunity affected
Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment
1b
multi
Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. /9th Edition, Page:Explanation:"Marked accumulations of adenosinef 22 - deoxyadenosine. and 22 -O-methyladenosine lead directly or indirectly to T-cell apoptosis, which causes the immunodeficiency " (Ref: Nelson) Severe combined ImmuntKief'iciency (SCID)Both cellular and humoral im...
Pediatrics
Disorders of the Respiratory Tract
e09d59af-00c6-4583-a18b-0131cb51a4a5
Elimination after 4 half lives in first order Kinetics is -
84%
93%
80.50%
4.75%
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 93% Half life Elimination I t1/2 50% 2 0/2 75% 3 t1/2 87.5% 41% 93.75% 5 t1/2 96.875
Pharmacology
null
257fd1ec-2d77-4a3b-bcbc-9ba6d19e9b31
Pemphigus vulgaris is caused by:
Bacteris
Virus
Autoimmune
Fungal
2c
single
Ans: (c) AutoimmuneHarrison 19th ed. / 370# PEMPHIGUS* Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disorder* It results from the loss of integrity of normal intercellular attachments with the epidermis.* Commonly affects indiciduals of age between 40-60.* Equal prevalence among males and females.* There are five variants of ...
Skin
General
7ff9749d-b4c2-4ec3-a41b-3271b7835e96
The valve of Hasner is
Opening of nasolacrimal duct
Sphenoidal sinus opening
Frontal sinus opening
Ethmoidal sinus opening
0a
single
Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) opens into the Inferior meatus through the Hasner`s valve.The direction of NLD--downward, backward, and laterally from the lacrimal sac to the nose, Length- 1.8 cmSphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoids open into the sphenoethmoidal recess (Superior meatus)Frontal, Maxillary and Anterior ethmoids ...
ENT
Nose and paranasal sinuses
6cd6781c-ac10-421c-b960-cfeb3baf8236
In which of the following conditions, the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy is contraindicated:
Sac size is 3 cm
Blood in pelvis is 70 mL
Presence of fetal heart activity
Previous ectopic pregnancy
2c
single
Ans. is c, i.e. Presence of fetal heart activityRef Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 186; Leon Speroff 7/e, p 1287, 1288; Novak 14/e, p 624; Williams Gynae 7/e, p 166Methotrexate: It is a folic acid analogue which inhibits dehydrofolate reductaseQ and prevents synthesis of DNA.QCandidates for methotrexate (Williams 24/e, p 384, Table...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Ecotopic Pregnancy
0e0fca7c-c993-4654-9489-041387cb397e
In TNM classification T3 stands for tumour size:
>2 cm
>4 cm
<4 cm
>4 cm with invasion of adjacent structure
1b
single
null
Pathology
null
cdcb0efe-97c1-43a3-bfec-d2a0d13e31ac
To keep blood pH at 7.4, the HCO3 : H2CO3 ratio should be
20:01
30:01:00
15:01
1:01
0a
single
null
Biochemistry
null
b252bd77-62af-4f9c-a7a8-90a55ebc4c07
In blood transfusion, blood group most impoant is
Kell
Lewis
Li
Lutheran
0a
single
. Kell
Pathology
null
131e66d3-fdfa-419b-8a16-49ad0e987271
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is associated with: March 2005
Diabetes Mellitus
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
All of the above
2c
multi
Ans. C: Hemolytic uremic syndrome Mechanism of HUS -RBCs damaged by injured vessel endothelium HUS is microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with fragmented RBC's in peripheral blood smear, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure Infection is the triggering factor and if associated indicates a poor prognosis
Medicine
null
53397509-c645-4ed6-8646-adaee84bcc6b
Which of the following is the main colonizer of sebaceous gland -
Propionic bacterium acnes
Diptheria
Strep.pyogens
Staph. aureus
0a
single
Propionibacterium acnes are the commonest agent causing acne in teenagers as it has affinity for sebaceous glands. Lesions in acne develop with in the sebaceous follicle.
Microbiology
null
1863832a-822e-4710-8a86-434d2155bdae
All of the following statements are true about Benedikt's syndrome except
Contralateral tremor
3rd nerve palsy
Involvement of the penetrating branch of the basila aery
Lesion at the level of the pons
3d
multi
. *Benedikt's syndrome involve injury to red nucleus results in ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral tremor,chorea and athetosis. Benedikt's Syndrome describes an ipsilateral III nerve palsy accompanied by contralateral 'cerebellar' tremor - a slow rhythmic tremor of the contralateral hand and foot, increased...
Medicine
C.N.S
6b3706a7-ea3f-4590-881b-2d7e7eb41b4c
Bleeding ear discharge is mostly due -
Glomus tumour
Otosclerosis
Otitis media with effusion
Acoustic neuroma
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Glomus tumour Differential diagnosis of blood stained ear discharge :* ASOM* Acute mastoiditis* CSOM* Aural polyp* Granulations* Glomus tumor
ENT
Ear
e7d73e56-40b4-4d0e-9665-da9c5b14c183
Which one of the following is the treatment of choice for a 4cm retroperitoneal lymph node mass in a patient with non seminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis ?
Radical radiotherapy alone
High Orchidectomy + RPLND
RPLND alone
High Orchidectomy alone
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., High orchidectomy + RPLND
Surgery
null
157be612-0913-4c18-bc61-9fe308e438e1
In ERG 'A' waves corresponds to NOT RELATED-MEDICINE
Rods and cones
Nerve bundleftlayer
Aifact
Pigment epithelium
0a
single
ERGA wave Activity of rods and conesB wave Bipolar cellC wave Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)
Pharmacology
All India exam