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135
8c1fe206-540d-4512-b655-6a07625df9ec
When pH of stomach lumen falls below 4, antrum of the stomach releases a peptide that acts locally to inhibit gastrim release. This peptide is
Intrinsic factor
Secretin
Somatostatin
Gastrin
2c
multi
Somatostatin and Prostaglandins inhibits gastrin release.
Physiology
null
e04408d7-af7b-43dc-a9b1-1d0d673d0eb0
Anion-gap Metabolism with decreased vision occurs with the following poisoning
Cadmium
Mercury
Ethanol
Methanol
3d
single
(D) Methanol# Acute intoxication with Methanol is common in chronic alcoholics.> Headache, vertigo, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspnea, blurred vision, and hyperemia of the optic disc can occur.> Visual disturbances are caused by damage to retinal cells and the optic nerve by methanol metabolites.> Severe cases of intox...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
d29cc12d-80f3-413e-b756-8ae2eb8a7524
After her first urinary tract infection (UTI), a 1-year-old girl has a voiding cystourethrogram with findings shown below. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option?
Low-dose daily antibiotics
Immediate surgical reimplantation of the ureters
Weekly urinalyses and culture
Diet low in protein
0a
multi
The radiograph shows reflux into the ureters and into the kidney, with dilation of the renal pelvis, making the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The higher the reflux into the renal system, especially if the renal pelvis is dilated, the more likely it is for renal damage to occur; the grading system is based u...
Pediatrics
Urinary Tract
751422fa-c4c2-48b6-b1db-44c7a8f07234
The most common congenital cardiac abnormality associated with the maternal rubella infection during pregnancy is
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus aeriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of aoa
1b
single
Congenital rubella syndrome characterized by PDA,PS,VSD. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition ,p.no:401
Pediatrics
C.V.S
a0404fbd-ad9d-4e28-a006-548f3183ff78
The most common side effect of IUD inseion is -
Bleeding
Pain
Pelvic
Ectopic pregnancy
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bleeding o Most common side effect --> Bleeding o Most common side effect requiring removal of the device --> Pain
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
6a7858e8-7b84-4e31-9209-8e592fbd8b6f
Which of the following presents with a "string of pearl appearance"?
Pemphigus vulgaris
Bullous pemphigoid
Linear IgA disease
Dermatitis herpetiformis
2c
single
The lesions in Linear IgA disease with a bimodal age distribution ie 60 yrs comprise of uicated plaques and papules, and annular, polycyclic lesions often with blistering around the edge, the string of pearls sign/cluster of jewels sign.
Skin
null
48ae00fb-5de7-4c78-af28-a824572b8150
Concealment of birth comes under which IPC?
317
318
319
320
1b
single
Ans. (b) 318Ref. Parikh 6, p 5.87
Forensic Medicine
Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn
9d2ddb3e-bef0-43ef-8585-a2ac730b6523
Lisch nodule and somatostatinoma in pancreas is seen in?
Neurofibromatosis
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A
Turcot syndrome
Familial adenomatous polyposis
0a
single
Ans. (a) Neurofibromatosis* Neurofibromatosis type 1/von Recklinghausen disease caused by inherited gene, the NF1 gene codes for the protein neurofibromin.* Patients with neurofibromatosis develop cafe-au-lait spots, and benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system.* Benign nervous system involvement include neuro...
Surgery
Pathophysiology - Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
917afbe2-1dbf-40b3-bf1a-dbac3e0f4fdf
Foramen scarpa is another name of
Mental foramen.
Incisive foramen
Infra orbital foramen.
Supraorbital foramen.
1b
single
null
Anatomy
null
a4dcc8b5-2d52-4297-a019-c79abe94af3c
The "knot" in judicial hanging is placed at
The back of the neck
The side of the neck
Below the chin
Choice of hangman
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e. The side of the neck Though submental knot (below the chin) is thought to be more effective and ensures a quicker death; subaural knot (side of the neck under the angle of the jaw/mandible) on the left side is the preferred position in India as well as England. Judicial hanging causes fracture-dislocat...
Forensic Medicine
Injuries
04b4e7d6-9982-48d9-b6c2-cd6d2d9e259a
Organ most commonly damaged in penetrating injury of abdomen is -a) Liverb) Small intestinec) Large intestined) Duodenum
ac
a
ab
bc
2c
multi
null
Surgery
null
183cab54-79b5-40e0-a92c-38e176d69848
Non-noxious stimuli perceived as pain is termed as:
Allodynia
Hyperalgesia
Hyperesthesia
Hyperpathia
0a
multi
Answer is A (Allodynia) : Perception of a non painful stimulus (non-noxious stimulus) as 'pain' is termed as `allodynia'. Terminology Sensory Disturbance Allodynia Situation in which a non painful (non-noxious) stimulus once perceived is experienced as painful.( example is elicitation of a painful sensation by applicat...
Psychiatry
null
ea5cd70b-aaf6-415c-9feb-c3adf07381ed
Not true regarding NK cells -
Active against malignant cells
Inactive MHC antigen for killing microorganisms
First line defense against viral infections
No prior sensitization required
1b
multi
NK cell's cytotoxicity is not antibody dependent or MHC restricted :NK cellsNatural killer cells Reff: Anantharayan & Panikers textbook f microbiology 9th edition pg:137
Microbiology
Immunology
7c7dc71c-c1cc-4580-83d7-31b5382c5cae
Maximum oxygen concentration can be delivered by?
<img style="max-width: 100%" src=" />
<img style="max-width: 100%" src=" />
<img style="max-width: 100%" src=" />
<img style="max-width: 100%" src=" />
3d
single
Choice D: Reservoir face mask is a high flow, variable performance device. At flow rate of 12-15L/min the delivered Fi02 is in the range of 75-90%. Choice C is simple face mask while choice B is Nasal cannula and both can deliver limited oxygen up to 40% due to diffusion and mixing with air. Choice A: Venturi mask is a...
Medicine
Flow Volume curve, Spirometry and DLCO
f4b044af-b78b-4319-b0aa-f12608be7a90
Hatter shake is seen in which poisoning?
Aluminum
Mercury
Lead
Arsenic
1b
single
Ans. (b) MercuryRef. Harrison 18/e, chapter 371
Forensic Medicine
Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques
7a919782-d04e-4469-9f02-c5e1817214c6
Graze is a type of ?
Bruise
Contusion
Laceration
Abrasion
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Abrasion Abrasion It is a destruction of the skin, which involves the superficial layers of the epidermis only. They are of 4 types: Scratches- its a abrasion with length but no significant width or a a very superficial incision. Grazes-most common. They occur when there is movement between the skin a...
Forensic Medicine
null
817c552f-927c-4750-8ad7-b3f9b485bc07
True about reliability of a test
Consistency and reproducibility of the test are not a problem
Investigator’s knowledge is important
Gives same results on repeated tests
Extent of variation of measurement of contained behaviour
2c
multi
RELIABILITY OF A TEST • Gives same results on repeated tests: Reliability • Investigator’s knowledge is important • Consistency and reproducibility of the test are not a problem • Extent of variation of measurement of contained behaviour
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
80814582-7ca6-4445-8211-fc8710cf8312
All are anti-oxidants except
Vit A
Vit C
Vit D
Vit E
2c
multi
Antioxidant vitamins are vitamin C, carotenes and vitamin A, and vitamin E.
Biochemistry
null
7acedce9-1880-45f6-8d2b-42bf7d920bca
Streptococcus causing rheumatic hea disease is
Streptococcus milleri
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus equisimilis
2c
single
Streptococcus pyogenes infection leads to two impoant non-suppurative post-streptococcal sequelae - acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. This complication ensues 1-3 weeks after the acute infection so that the organism may not be detectable when sequelae set in. In rheumatic fever, carditis, including co...
Microbiology
Bacteriology
940ad782-1cdb-4775-b499-68da9d210105
In the incidence of primary angle closure glaucoma, male to female ratio is:
1:01
1:02
1:03
1:04
3d
single
Ans. 1:4
Ophthalmology
null
95046eb2-90c8-424b-9a61-b6b32a9fd4c5
At 29 weeks gestational age, it becomes apparent that the fetus has developed hydrops. All of the following are characteristics of fetal hydrops Except
Polyhydramnios
Small placenta
Pericardial effusion
Subcutaneous edema
1b
multi
Fetal hydrops occurs as a result of excessive and prolonged hemolysis due to isoimmunization.Characteristics of fetal hydrops include abnormal fluid in two or more sites such as the thorax, abdomen, and skin. The placenta is also markedly erythematous, enlarged, and boggy. In addition, massive hepatomegaly and splenome...
Microbiology
All India exam
15b7a7b1-97e9-42e4-aa91-28b1229f08a5
Global rupture due to blunt trauma is indicated by
Blow out fracture
Lens sublu xati on
Contusion + haemorrhage + low intraocular pressure
Proptosis and decreased mobility of muscle
2c
single
C i.e. Contusion + Haemorrhage + Low intraocular pressure Complications of Blunt Trauma Voissius ring (on anterior surface of lens) Q Rossette shaped cataract Q Angle recession with secondary glaucoma Q Global rupture indicated by contusion, haemorrhage & low intraocular pressure Q Hyphaema with elevated lop
Ophthalmology
null
a81d68e9-f7f6-4538-9a5e-4a8018d3afa4
Not a feature of septic tank
Used where public sewerage system is adequate
Water tight compartment
Used where water supply is adequate
Used for personal and small public use
0a
multi
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5a0b4040-da02-425b-a1e9-91b9424dd2c8
A patient presents to a clinic with complaints of headache, fatigue. Lab data show serum sodium, 122 mEq/L; serum osmolality, 240 mOsm/L; urine osmolality, 455 mOsm/L. which condition best correlates with these data?
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
SIADH
3d
single
Hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and inappropriately concentrated urine are characteristic of SIADH. The syndrome results from excessive secretion of vasopres­sin. This could be due to ectopic tumor secretion of vasopressin, various central nervous system complica­tions, or it could be drug induced. The increased vasopre...
Unknown
null
72c40b34-7322-4af6-a61d-86126f91a7cd
Very severe pneumonia in a child include all except
No feeding
Fever
Chest indrawing
Stridor
1b
multi
Ref. The Short Textbook of Pediatrics. Pg 435
Unknown
null
c56e657a-f4a5-4181-92a4-13e36a5b9b00
Calibre is defined as -
Distance between two diametrically opposite grooves
Distance between two diametrically opposite lands
Distance between two diametrically opposite lands and grooves
Ratio of the length and width of the barrel
1b
multi
The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; Pg.no. 122 It is also called gauge . Also refer fig 8-16 (cross section of a rifled barrel)
Forensic Medicine
Mechanical injuries
b408d916-7ca1-4fd0-9d10-0805561cf9dc
Which of the following test is used to detect signs of organic brain damage?
Rorschach Test
Bender Gestalt Test
Sentence Completion Test k
Thematic Aperception Test
1b
single
Bender Gestalt test is a brief, nonverbal, perceptual motor assessment instrument. It was originally developed by Lauretta Bender as a measure of visual motor maturation in children. In this test patients are asked to copy designs from the card (containing design) in front of them. Now it is most widely used as a scree...
Psychiatry
null
082a8346-1113-445e-90c3-1e245b9fae2d
Which of these is a water soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
1b
single
null
Biochemistry
null
4b0822ee-9350-4478-8f86-5bce965031fe
Not a feature of chronic liver disease
Hepatomegaly
Variceal bleeding
hepatic encephalopathy
Koilonychia
3d
single
Koilonychia is not a feature of chronic liver disease.
Medicine
null
f030f2d7-870b-465c-b4f0-834ab0e66f40
Earliest presentation of hypopituitarism in adults is?
Growth failure
Anosmia
Visual field defects
Hypogonadism
3d
single
In children the earliest presentation of hypopituitarism is growth retardation and hypogonadism is the earliest manifestation in adults. Trophic hormone failure with pituitary compression or destruction usually occurs sequentially. Sequence of fall of hormonal levels is GH>FSH>LH>TSH>ACTH. 1st hormone to fall in Sheeha...
Medicine
Disorders of pituitary gland
082a5d7c-670f-4f28-8c0b-55af105cc15d
A patient who was on aspirin for long period was selected for an elective surgery. What should be done
Stop aspirin for 7 days
Infusion of fresh frozen plasma
Infusion of platelett concentration
Go ahead with surgery maintaining adequate hemostasis
0a
single
A i.e. Stop Aspirin for 7 days
Anaesthesia
null
ecc874b2-6e11-4bd8-95b4-084ff3900e9c
Fetal pas are palpable at the earliest by: Maharashtra 08
16 weeks
18 weeks
20 weeks
28 weeks
2c
single
Ans. 20 weeks
Forensic Medicine
null
a32b13fa-d927-4396-9bc7-8a5f42c3828b
Incudo malleal joint belongs to which of the following group of joints?
Saddle joint
Pivot joint
Plane synol joint
Condylar joint
0a
multi
Incudomalleal joint formed by the aiculation of head of malleus and head of incus is a saddle joint. Examples of Saddle joints: ? 1st carpometacarpal joints? Sternoclavicular joint? Calcaneocuboid joint? Incudo malleolar joint
Anatomy
null
e9686f93-2cad-4ecc-af80-8860c36b5703
Treatment of Choice for Annular Pancreas
Duodeno duodenostomy
Gastro jejunostomy
Vagotomy and GJ
Billroth 2 reconstruction
0a
single
Ans. (a) Duodeno duodenostomyRef: Bailey And Love 27th edition Page 1219* Annular Pancreas is the result of failure of complete rotation of ventral pancreatic bud during development, so that the ring of pancreatic tissue is surrounding the 2nd or 3rd part of pancreas.* Most common in down syndrome cases.* Presents with...
Surgery
Pancreas
b2f4acdb-d947-4007-b8f7-43fbc2f53b79
Commonest cause of short stature in children
Under nutrition
Hypothyroidism
Familial short stature
Constitutional delay
3d
single
null
Pediatrics
null
2926177a-04b6-41ab-b344-ec8f7663e802
All are true statement about spinal cord except
Coccygeal ligament is investing layer of dura over filum terminale
Dural sac ends at S2 veebra
Cords ends at lower border of L1
Filum terminate extends up to coccyx
0a
multi
Final terminal is the pia connecting conus medullaris to coccyx. Below the end of Dural sac at S2, dura encloses this filum and attaches to coccyx as coccygeal ligament.(Ref: Vishram Singh textbook of clinical neuroanatomy second edition pg 53)
Anatomy
Brain
353f1f40-ddec-4b48-b69d-3fcb31cf72ae
All are involved in energy metabolism except ?
Vitamin B,
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B7
Vitamin B12
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vitamin B12 The active forms of five of the B Vitamins paicipate in the release of energy from carbohydrate, fat and proteins. These five vitamins of Vitamin B group which are involved in energy metabolism are :-Thiamin (Vitamin BI)Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)Niacin (Vitamin B3)Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5...
Biochemistry
null
96716f22-0f35-4fed-9a4b-9868742d19c8
A patient presented with history of recurrent attacks of optic neuritis, an episode of transverse myelitis with no white mater lesions on mri brain. Aquaporin 4 antibody testing was positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
multiple sclerosis
neuromyelitis optica
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
miller fischer syndrome
3d
single
In patients with NMO, attacks of ON can be bilateral and produce severe visual loss (uncommon in MS); myelitis can be severe and transverse (rare in MS) and is typically longitudinally extensive involving three or more contiguous veebral segments. Also in contrast to MS, progressive symptoms typically do not occur in N...
Medicine
C.N.S
dd502839-cbb7-44f0-b72b-e456bac9c7a3
Ventouse in 2nd stage of labour is contraindicated in:
Persistent occipito-posterior position
Heart disease
Uterine inertia
Preterm labour
3d
single
null
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
3b22b4e2-5001-4f66-8770-02796f08747f
Alpha feto protein is increased in
Hepatoblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Seminoma
Renal cell carcinoma
0a
single
Alpha fetoprotein AFP is a normal component of plasma protein of the fetus secreted by yolk sac and embryonal hepatocytes(fetal liver) which usually reduces after bih and persists as a low value level. Normal value is upto 10 ng/ml. It is an impoant tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (100-1000 ng/ml). It also i...
Surgery
Urology
b1ed5dcc-c3d8-442c-bc3e-1266ea347227
↑ energy linear acceleration used in-
X-ray
Cathode rays
Photon rays
α - rays
0a
single
X-ray tubes produce X-ray by accelerating electrons to high energies.
Radiology
null
32c40140-27c0-49a2-b4ab-e4de11062868
H. pylori causes -
Type A Gastritis
Type B gastritis
Autoimmune
Allergic Gastritis
1b
multi
null
Surgery
null
beb0bcc4-4be8-474c-8bf4-6b1919076d6d
Metastasis not'ound in -
Femur
Humerus
Fibula
Spine
2c
single
Extremities distal to elbow and knee are least commonly involved in metastasis. Fibula is distal to knee.
Orthopaedics
null
d6d04ead-afda-4dac-927f-e3585cfcb8db
MHC is impoant in pathogenesis of: March 2005
Idiopathic disease
latrogenic diseases
Auto-immune diseases
Tumours
2c
single
Ans. C: Auto-immune diseasesThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large genomic region or gene family.It is the most gene-dense region of the mammalian genome and plays an impoant role in the immune system and autoimmunity.The proteins encoded by the MHC are expressed on the surface of cells and display both ...
Pathology
null
77a8ac86-2bc0-42b5-838a-f563f9331aac
If a drug is excreted in urine at the rate of 10 mg/hr at a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 mg/L, then its renal clearance is:
0.5 L/hr
2.0 L/hr
5.0 L/hr
20 L/hr
1b
single
Ans. B. 2.0L/hra. Rate of elimination (RoE)- Amount of drug/timeb. Clearance (Cl):- rate of elimination/concentrationc. In the given MCQ, RoE=10mg/hr;Con=5mg/L,d. Therefore, Cl=10/5=2L/hr
Pharmacology
General Pharmacology
99d3b611-97a3-42e0-8e8a-c5c174914098
NOT true regarding Azygos and Hemiazygos Veins are
Right 2nd, 3rd, 4th posterior Intercostal veins form Right Superior intercostal vein that drains into Azygos vein
Right 1st posterior Intercostal Vein drain directly to Right Brachioceplalic Vein
Left 2nd, 3rd, 4th posterior Intercostal veins form Left Superior intercostal vein that drains into Accessory Hemiazygos vein
Left 1st posterior Intercostal Vein drain directly to Left Brachioceplalic Vein
2c
multi
Left 2nd, 3rd, 4th posterior Intercostal veins form Left Superior intercostal vein that drains into left Brachioaphalic vein.
Anatomy
null
9a8b9b00-a70f-474e-b956-435a759db233
Which of the following statements are True or False about Cretinism? 1. Goitre present at bih 2. Can be diagnosed by serum T4 levels 3. Most commonly seen in Iodine deficiency endemic areas 4. Skeletal development is delayed 5. Physiological jaundice is prolonged
1,2,3 True & 4,5 False
1,4,5 True & 2,3 False
3,4,5 True & 1,2 False
1,2,3 False & 4,5 True
2c
multi
Physiological jaundice is prolonged and skeletal development is delayed in cretinism. It is commonly seen in Iodine deficiency endemic areas. Ref: Ghai, 6th Edition, Page 122
Pediatrics
null
0ebe7e40-27fe-47a7-a939-0951a2e0f43a
Ocular bobbing?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Coex
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pons Square-wave erks Not localizing Macro square-wave erks Cerebellum Macrosaccadic oscillation Cerebellum Voluntary nystagmus Volitional Saccadic pulses Cerebellum, lower brainstem Ocular flutter Cerebellum, lower brainstem Opsoclonus Cerebellum, lower brainstem Ocular bobbing Pons
Ophthalmology
null
a966a320-c8c8-4dea-ba99-366f8aea37bc
Proximal & distal renal tubular acidosis is differentiated by all, except:
Stones in kidney
Hypokalemia
Daily acid secretion
Presence of Fanconi syndrome
1b
multi
Answer is B (Hypokalemia):
Medicine
null
ca69c564-4381-4fc6-a468-e79263297c97
For myringoplasty, Graft material of choice is
Peritoneum
Palmar fascia
Temporalis fascia
Fascia lata
2c
single
Low metabolic rate, no need for a separate incision, same thickness as that of tympanic membrane ours the use of temporalis fascia. Other graft materials also include perichondrium, dura and cadaveric tympanic membrane. Re: Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat, Dhingra, 6th Edition
ENT
Diagnostic and operative ENT
b1b43b96-91c5-49ca-a9f1-5c118c54ee2a
A Pt. has ecchymoses and petechiae all over the body with no hepatospleenongaly. All are true except ?
Increased megakaryocytes in bone narrow
Bleeding into the foints
Decreased platelet in blood
Disease resolves itslef in 80% of Pt. in 2-6 weeks
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bleeding into the joints o Petechiae and ecchymoses all over the body with no hepatosplenomegaly suggest Idiopathic thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Hematemesis, melena and bleeding in the joints are unusual (They are seen when there is loss of coagulation factors) More than 80% of cases resolve spontan...
Pediatrics
null
5942bb07-4170-4d5b-ad89-78bebac43ac3
Most common fracture in the children is
Supracondylar humerus
Tibia fracture
Fracture shaft of the femur
Metatarsal fracture
0a
single
(Supra condylar humerus) (596-Apley's 8th)Supracondylar fracture of humerus - usually seen in children suggest an extenson injury, usually due to a fall on the outstretched hand. The distal fragments is pushed backwards and (because the forearm is usually in pronation) twisted inwards, sometimes injuring the brachial a...
Orthopaedics
Injuries Around Arm & Elbow
5a131bcf-4e6a-412e-b99e-dca0b8c69ac3
Meckel's diveiculum is a derivative of -
Allantoic diveiculum
Vitellointestinal duct
Ventral mesogastrium
Ductus aeriosus
1b
multi
Answer is 'b' ie vitellointestinal duct The Vitellointestinal duct or the omphalomesentric duct is the connection between the yolk sac and the developing gut. Normally, it gets obliterated and disappears. But sometimes it may persist in various forms giving rise to congenital anomalies:? a. Umbilical fecal fistula - du...
Surgery
null
82101f07-ab8a-464d-a17e-6815feaefe97
Positional veigo is most commonly seen due to pathology in
Lateral semicircular canal
Superior semicircular canal
Inferior semicircular canal
Posterior semicircular canal
3d
single
Positional veigo is commonly due to pathology in the Posterior Semicircular Canal.BPPV is the commonest cause of peripheral veigoRef: Hazarika; 3rd ed; Pg 105
ENT
Ear
8298ab5b-dbc3-49c0-aca9-da096f700a5f
The Halophilic Vibrio that is implicated in gastroenteritis is which of the following?
Vibrio Mimicus
Vibrio Vulnificus
Vibrio Alginolyticus
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
3d
single
It is the causative agent of food poisoning due to sea fish. Usual signs are abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and fever. Feces contain cellular exudate and blood. Dehydration is moderate. Recovery occurs in 1-3 days. Common in summer and in adults. Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panicker's, 8th Edition, Page 312
Microbiology
null
3dad0c2d-5b9c-4508-b526-42d14bad3052
What does Serum ferritin level
Decreased capacity to absorb iron
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Absent body iron stores
Sideroblastic anemia
2c
single
The serum ferritin level is the laboratory test to estimate iron stores. As iron stores are depleted, the serum ferritin falls to Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 847
Medicine
null
1329167d-0ce5-42f9-8be1-0999da85c950
'Which of the following is NOT used in treatment of hairy cell leukemia:
Steroid
Pentostatin
Splenectomy
Alpha-interferon
0a
single
Answer is A (Steroid) Steroid has no role in treatment of hairy cell leukemia. Cladribine is the drug of choice. Clinical complete remissions with cladribine occur in majority of patients and longterm disease free survival is frequent. Treatment of hairy cell leukemia is chemotherapy with Cladribine : Drug of choice. A...
Medicine
null
af50b446-99fa-4dc2-80ae-c3b11434e55e
GnRH agonist therapy for leiomyoma is given for
2 → 4 months
3 → 6 months
4 → 8 months
5 → 10 months
1b
single
GnRH agonist treatment is continued for 3 → 6 months.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
ff946a3c-d427-421d-bb7b-b9c36fc25d05
Galton's system is used for -
Dactylography
Poroscopy
Ridgeology
None
0a
multi
Dactylography (Galton's system) → Study of finger prints. Poroscopy (Locard's system) → Study of number, sizes and distribution of pores of sweat glands on ridges (used when only a part of the finger print is available). Program → Study of the footprint. Cheiloscopy (queiloscopy) → Study of lip prints. Rugoscopy (Palat...
Forensic Medicine
null
fb3ab446-f250-4636-9121-b8abf96545d5
Which of the following conditions shows susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma in skin?
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Actinic keratosis
Xeroderma pigmentosum
All the above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Squamous Cell Carcinoma:* Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common tumor arising on sunexposed sites in older people, exceeded only by basal cell carcinoma.* Except for lesions on the lower legs, these tumors have a higher incidence in men than in women.* Invasive squamous cell ...
Surgery
Neoplasia
77ebf7bd-4e76-4791-a522-b3a72d98438d
In hepatic cirrhosis, which of the following is increased -
Alpha 1 globulin
Alpha 2 globulin
Gamma globulin
All of the above
2c
multi
null
Medicine
null
e0964ff7-73e1-4a6f-ade9-1573aaff2f0d
Atavism is resemblence of features to
Mother
Father
Neighbour
Grandfather
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Grandfather "In Atavism the child does not resemble its parents but its grandparents" - Parikh, 6/e.
Forensic Medicine
Misc.
eebbc01e-3687-42e9-be41-5ac175409aab
Total number of genes in a human being is?
800,000
50,000
100,000
30,000
3d
single
D i.e. 30,000
Biochemistry
null
fbb36bba-e891-4b3c-ad3b-d0cbdbedf99f
Complete Rx of intussception is indicated by
Free passage of barium in the terminal ileum
Passage of feces and flatus along with barium
Improvement of clinical condition
None
0a
multi
null
Surgery
null
62ff3826-f09c-49ee-8337-2963295bb0db
A 25-year-old male presents with swelling over right knee since 1 month. The radiograph is shown here. Which of the following statement is true regarding this condition?
It is a bone forming primary malignant tumour of bone
Codmans triangle can be seen
Hematogenous spread with lung metastasis are common.
All of above
3d
multi
Osteosarcoma This primary malignant bone-forming neoplasm is rare, but is still the commonest primary malignant lesion of bone after myeloma.
Pathology
All India exam
1c81c6b1-87ca-4b7d-b0e3-39ab2c4d3a42
A 45-year-old man presents to the clinic for evaluation of weakness in his arms and legs. The symptoms started gradually, and are now more noticeable and interfering with his ability to work as an electrician. On physical examination, the cranial nerves are normal, but there is weakness of his left handgrip and right l...
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
myotonic muscular dystrophy
amyotonia congenita
tabes dorsalis
0a
multi
The most common initial symptom of ALS is weakness and wasting of the extremities. The fasciculations can be a very prominent part of the disease. This is rare in other neurologic disorders.
Medicine
C.N.S.
e99507f5-41f1-4f0c-98fe-079b1c60ae32
Palmaris Brevis is supplied by:
Median nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Radial Nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
1b
single
Ans. B. Ulnar Nervea. In the proximal forearm, ulnar nerve gives muscular branches to: (a) flexor carpi ulnaris, and (b) medial half of flexor digitorum profundus.b. In the mid-forearm, it gives off palmar cutaneous branch, which provide sensory innervation to the skin over the hypothenar eminence.c. About 5 cm proxima...
Anatomy
Upper Extremity
1a18c20f-842b-4f2a-bb8e-09c305304a27
Browne's tube is used for -
Steam sterilization
Radiation
Chemical sterilization
Filtration
0a
single
Brown's tube is the most commonly used chemical indicator of moist heat sterilization in the autoclave. It contains red solution that turns green when exposed to temperature of 121degC for 15 minutes in an autoclave.
Microbiology
General Microbiology Pa-2 and Pa-3 (Sterilization and Bacterial Genetics)
3e66d463-3343-4009-9b5b-ad2b4eff5399
Philadelphia chromosome is an example of-
Balanced translocation
Deletion
Non-dysjunction
Duplication
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Balanced translocation
Pathology
null
2e44beef-a93b-41ea-9199-dc089328ba0a
Most common twins after assisted reproduction:
Monozygotic
Acardiac twin
Dizygotic twin
Conjoined twin
2c
single
Most common twins after assisted reproduction are dizygotic twins. For increasing the success of IVF and the expenses involved, it's a norm to transfer 2-3 embryos of day 3 or 1-2 embryos of Day 5. For women lesser than 35 years, the implantation rate is better and hence these are the ones who have more multiple pregna...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Twin Pregnancy, Molar Pregnancy, Gestational Trophoblastic disease and contraception in special situations (Sour Grapes!)
a42e6c9b-cd6c-43a6-ac60-b95f1d628413
Spasmolytic analgesic iS-
Dicyclomine
Physostigmine
Tropicamide
None
0a
multi
Ans. is `a' i.e., Dicyclomine o Antispasmodic (spasmolytic) drugs are used in various colic (pain) e.g. abdominal colic or renal colic. o Among the given options, dicyclomine is spasmolytic.
Pharmacology
null
d3734a53-7189-40c0-a10f-3a3f861fcdca
Omalizumab is ?
Anti IgM antibody
AntilgG antibody
Anti IgE antibody
Anti IgD antibody
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Anti IgE antibody
Pharmacology
null
ddcb345f-367a-4447-9bb9-8a603499348b
Common site of bleeding:
Woodruff's plexus
Brown area
Little's area
Vestibular area
2c
single
Sites of Epistaxis 1) Little's area - 90% 2) Above the level of middle turbinate- From anterior and posterior ethmoidal vessels 3) Below the level of middle turbinate-From sphenopalatine aery 4) Posterior pa of nasal cavity 5) Nasopharynx 6) Diffuse -Both from septum and lateral nasal wall; Seen in general systemic dis...
ENT
Nose and paranasal sinuses
2d5b06be-f317-477e-8e98-4fcaa746e0b9
In normal NST, the time period for two or three accelerations that peak at 15 bpm or more above baseline is:
3
15
20
60
2c
multi
Definition of nonstress test (NST) currently recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics: Two or more accelerations that peak at 15 bpm or more above baseline, each lasting 15 seconds or more, and all occurring within 20 minutes of beginning the test. Ac...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
d55dc5b2-6c3c-4e6e-8c96-e08422cfcd95
Which of the following movements of thumb are not affected in radial nerve injury:
Opposition
Flexion
Adduction
All
3d
multi
A i.e. Opposition; C i.e. Adduction; B i.e. Flexion Posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve supplies extensor pollicis longus & brevis (EPL & EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (AbPL)Q (3) thumb muscles. So radial nerve injury weakens (affects) abduction & extension movements of thumb and spares flexion, adduction...
Anatomy
null
ac90ec88-2fd9-497a-8260-ba8aa3f7993a
Schwartze sign seen in:
Glomus jugulare
Otosclerosis
Meniere's disease
Acoustic neuroma
1b
single
(b) Otosclerosis(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2213)10% cases of otosclerosis are active. In these the active division is taking place on the medial wall of middle ear leading to increased vascularity. This appears pinkish through the intact tympanic membrane leading to flamingo pink appearance of TM also known as Schwartze ...
ENT
Otosclerosis
facb6045-682b-4207-8338-3d34096083b9
Statin having longest half life:
Rosuvastatin
Pravastatin
Simvastatin
Lovastatin
0a
single
Rosuvastatin It is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, having a mechanism of action similar to that of other statins. Its approximate elimination half life is 19 h and its time to peak plasma concentration is reached in 3-5 h following oral administration. REF : katzung pharmacology : 14th ed
Pharmacology
All India exam
9c058b12-6bd7-400c-acda-26d6d653c770
Telmisaan lowers blood pressure by -
Inhibiting formation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Inhibiting conversion of renin to angiotensin I
Blocking ATI receptors
Interfering with degradation of bradykinin
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Blocking ATI receptors ACE inhibitors : Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, perindopril, imidapril, trandopril, benazepril, fosinopril. Ren in inhibitors : Aliskiren, remikiren, enakiren. ATI blockers : Losaan, candesaan, irbesaan, valsaan, telmisaan.
Pharmacology
null
674089d2-fbfd-4696-9ea0-58f055aa85aa
Insulin non dependent DM correlate with which fat reserve -
Intraabdominal fat
Lower body fat
Subcutaneous fat
Upper body fat
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Intraabdominal fat {Ref: Harrison 18th/e p. 2968-2975; IT^/e p. 2279]Risk factors for type 2 Diabetes mellitusObesityo The risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes rises with increasing body weight.o The NHS demonstrated an approximately 100-fold increased risk of incident diabetes ...
Medicine
Diabites & Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
fe37ce63-399d-4495-b41a-c0f633993323
Paramesonephric duct forms:
Seminal vesicle
Ureter
Uterus
Vas deferens
2c
single
Ans. is c, i.e UterusPara mesonephric duct is the other name for Mullerian duct so now we don't need any explanation for this one.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Malformation of the Female Generative Organs
045f4102-f784-47fe-aac7-1f2550fc4f36
Thyroid cancer associated with radiation exposure?
Medullary
Papillary
Follicular
Anaplastic carcinoma
1b
single
Ans. (b) PapillaryRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. / 763-64* Ionizing radiation can cause genetic mutations leading to malignant transformation.* This association is much stronger for thyroid cancer than for other malignancies, and radiation is the only well-established environmental risk factor for thyroid malignancy.* The...
Surgery
Thyroid Malignancies
e55fd0e0-cea1-47e4-b492-5646c8cc37d6
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines include all of the following except -
Interleukin 1
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-10
TNF-Alpha
2c
multi
Cytokines are involved in the immunological reaction, but some cytokines may also take part in inflammation. o They may be: - 1. Proinflammatory cytokines Involved in the amplification of inflammation and tissue destruction. IL-1 & TNF-a are the two most important proinflammatory cytokines. IL-6 may also act as a proi...
Pathology
null
e2891448-9e64-4845-af58-158c7f749be5
Multifocal tumor of vascular origin in a patient of AIDS?
Kaposi sarcoma
Astrocytoma
Gastric Carcinoma
Primary CNS lymphoma
0a
single
kaposi sarcoma commonly seen in patient with AIDS REF:ANANTHANARAYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.576
Microbiology
Virology
e6d29122-e711-49c1-a652-424ff57217f9
Ebstein anomaly is associated with all of the following Except
Patent PDA
Massive hea on chest X-ray
VSD
Tall, broad P wave
2c
multi
EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY:Ebstein's anomaly is due to the abnormal downward displacement of tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.Tricuspid valve has 3 leaflets- anterior, posterior and septalAnterior leaflet of valve retains attached to valve ring and the other two leaflets displaced downwards.HEMODYNAMICS:The displaced tr...
Pediatrics
All India exam
7303fbcb-ffcd-450d-bcbc-1f4d814c0da5
Botulin toxin acts by:
Decreases Secretion of Ach
Decreases Synthesis of Ach
Muscle nerve block
Inhibits Ach release
0a
single
Decreases Secretion of Ach
Microbiology
null
c560ad86-f316-44b0-b2e8-aa6ed968d257
Which of the following is not related to epidemiology ?
Promotion of health
Identification of etiology of disease
To collect data of magnitude of health problem
To teach a medical student how to conduct safe delivery
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., To teach a medical student how to conduct safe delivery According to the International Epidemiological Association (IEA), epidemiology has three main aims : a) To describe the distribution and magnitude of health and disease problems in human populations. b) To identify aetiological factors (risk fact...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
d791387f-f4a4-4b94-a23c-6da137ba6cd5
1st formed dental tissue
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Bone
1b
single
null
Dental
null
7f53fe63-87b3-435e-9174-554c55dbaa78
Which is not an intermediate filament?
Desmin
Vimentin
Tubulin
Keratin
2c
single
Intermediate filaments - resist external pressure cell type specific: used as cellular markers Types Nuclear(Lamin-A,B,C) Vimentin like (Vimentin, desmin, GFAP, peripherin) Epithelial(Types 1,2 keratin) Axonal( Neurofilament proteins- NF-L,M,H)
Physiology
Cell Membrane and transpo protiens
547d43b6-d063-4ee5-8961-aeca1311cdb5
Which one of the following drugs has been shown to offer protection from gastric aspiration syndrome in a patient with symptoms of reflex?
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide
Sodium citrate
Atropine
1b
single
null
Pharmacology
null
f5c26b1b-c60c-43f2-a746-1b20a184167a
Cellular bearings of herediatary disease seen in:
DNA
Ribosome
RNA
Membrane
0a
single
A i.e. DNAHereditary information is preserved in DNA. Thus all genetic diseases are due to change in DNAQ.
Biochemistry
null
dc299526-31d0-4a35-9381-1ca12f7b03c6
The following test is not used for dignosis of leprosy-
Lepromin test
slit skin smear
Fine needle aspiration cytology
skin biopsy
0a
single
Lepromatous test it is not a diagnostic test but a prognostic test. it helps in the classification of leprosy. antigens used for skin testing: mitsuda lepromin, Dharmendra leprominmanifests as biphasic reaction: early Fernandez (48-72hrs)and late mitsuda reaction (3-4weeks)Represents Cmi towards antigen. Erythema and i...
Dental
Bacterial infections
bba0900f-0d84-41a8-9763-a3be0300221a
Kuffer cells are found in:
Hea
Lungs
Liver
Spleen
2c
single
Liver
Pathology
null
67a939b9-daa4-46ad-b7bf-36dc31189c94
Not a Epiphyseal tumors
Chondroblastoma
Osteoclastoma
Clear cell Chandrosarcoma
Simple bone Cyst
3d
single
Simple bone cyst (Unicameral bone cyst) is a Metaphyseal tumor.
Radiology
null
583ef76d-7f69-4a9c-a47d-ef3c3ce71bc3
Rupture of supraspinatus manifests as -
Painful movements
Flat shoulders
Difficulty in initiation of abduction
Difficulty in abduction after 90°
2c
single
Supraspinatus is responsible for shoulder abduction for the first 15 degrees. If it is torn completely, the initiation of abduction is impossible. Passive abduction upto 15 degrees allows other muscles to take over for further abduction.
Anatomy
null
a52abc75-74da-44a9-acb1-fb19bfa63b8c
A night shift worker complains of profuse Rhinorrhea and Sneezing for the past few days . Which among the following drug can be given to him ?
Promethazine
Fexofenadine
Chlorpheniramine
Pheniramine
1b
single
1st generation anti histamines 2nd generation anti histamines 1. Chlorphenaramine 2. Promethazine 3. Diphenhydramine 4. Cyclizine 5. Meclizine 6. phenaramine 1. Terfenadine 2. Fexofenadine 3. levocetrizine 4. Loratidine Note : All the 1st generation drugs can cross BBB and produce CNS actions so all 1st generation anti...
Pharmacology
Histamine, 5-HT and PGs
24abc81c-ff9b-4368-b987-5a453d36f4ef
Commonest cause of A-V fistulae is:-
Congenital
Traumatic
Surgical creation
Tumor erosion
0a
single
Aeriovenous Fistula (AVF) MC type of AVF: Congenital MC cause of acquired AVF: Penetrating trauma
Surgery
Aerial disorders
e768da65-b7eb-45a5-85c4-a1bf7c1b56dc
Preferred incision for abdominal exploration in Blunt injury abdomen is
A.Always Midline incision
B.Depending upon the organ
C.Transverse incision
D.Paramedian
0a
single
Adults Upper midline incision extending down across the left of the umbilicus is the preferred incision. But can be extended into the thorax or do horizontal T or extended as needed depending on internal organ injury Paediatric abdomen:- The abdomen is wider with the bladder intra abdominal. Transverse supraumbilical i...
Surgery
Trauma
e0d25686-873f-4cf1-a14b-dc21a44a8bd9
Drugs associated with ischemic stroke include the following except -
Cocaine
Oral contraceptives
Amphetamines
Barbiturates
3d
multi
null
Medicine
null
064479d4-90c7-4e04-92d0-7131cdac602a
According to the WHO criteria, anaemia in infants of 6 months age is defined as Hb less than:
100 gm/litre
105 gm/litre
110 gm/litre
115 gm/litre
2c
single
Please note that 110g/litre= 11g/dl A WHO expe group proposed that anaemia or deficiency should be considered to exist when haemoglobin is below the following levels: Cut-off points for the diagnosis of anaemia: AGE GROUP VENOUS BLOOD (g/dl) MCHC (%) Adult males 13 34 Adult females, non-pregnant 12 34 Adult females, pr...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
f1ed6405-44f1-417f-9a2f-e58d032aff37
Which of the following drugs has spasmolytic activity and could also be used in the management of seizure caused by overdose of a local anesthetic?
Baclofen
Dantrolene
Diazepam
Tizanidine
2c
single
IV diazepam controls convulsions. In fact these can be prevented by preanesthetic administration of diazepam (1-2 mg/kg),especially if large doses are to be used. From padmaja 4th edition Page no 201
Pharmacology
Anesthesia