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2d5b2c7e-9ab1-420d-b016-c5cbec17bb76 | Vaccine is what level of prevention | Primordial | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | 1b | single | All vaccines/immunization are primary level of prevention. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2f31c612-b471-449a-9258-a7a81ccc545d | Antrochoanal polyp arise from? | Ethmoid sinus | Maxillary sinus | Frontal sinus | Sphenoid sinus | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) Maxillary sinusREF: Dhingras ENT 5th ed p-188, 4th edition page 164See table of "DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANTROCHOANAL AND ETHMOIDAL POLYP" in ENT December 2009 | ENT | Polyp |
e3505cbe-26ca-49d1-8fd2-8857725c3e37 | Police inquest is A/E | Senior head constable can investigate | Most common inquest | Panchnama has to be signed by IC) | 10 may not summon | 3d | single | D i.e. 10 may not summon | Forensic Medicine | null |
938c243c-28f7-475c-b144-66da2f8b2a96 | ACTH secretion is highest during – | Noon | Evening | Morning | Night | 2c | single | Cortisol levels in blood are normally elevated at 8.00 AM and decrease to less than 50% by midnight. | Pediatrics | null |
eafa7d0d-c7f3-4f72-96c9-62c9f9a81f9e | If there are 4 nucleotides instead of 3 in codon, how many amino acids may be formed? | 16 | 21 | 256 | 64 | 2c | single | C i.e. 256 | Biochemistry | null |
7410d491-9dfa-43c6-86ce-e392d2416357 | Following causes distension of abdomen-a) Hirschsprungsb) Hypokalemiac) Hyperkalemiad) Hypomagnesmia | acd | bcd | abc | abd | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
22f97444-0a8d-47f1-9726-14c4671d1406 | Biopsy findings of celiac disease all of the following, except | Crypt hyperplasia | Villous atrophy | Mucosal atrophy | Intraepithelial lymphocytes | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Mucosal atrophy) Mucosa! atrophy and presence of Giardia lambia are not seen in biopsy front celiac disease. Small Intestinal Biopsy (duodenal /jejunal) in Celiac disease (Characteristic but not diagnostic()) Absence or reduced height of villi (Flat appearance)() Crypt hyperplasia, villous atrophy (but not... | Medicine | null |
a8bc20e6-fac5-41cb-93f7-20cca024cbab | Most common tumor of urinary bladder is ? | Sq. cell carcinoma | Adeno carcinoma | Transitional carcinoma | Str. squamous carcinoma | 2c | single | Answer is 'c' i.e. Transitional cell carcinoma There are 3 common histological types of bladder cancer a) Transitional (urothelial) cell ca -- 90% b) Squamous cell ca -- 5-10% c) Adenocarcinoma -- 2% | Surgery | null |
87b32955-e809-4bf9-88d8-6175336fdae0 | A village health guide is selected by | Panchayat | Zilla parishad | Block Development Officer | Medical Officer in-charge | 0a | single | Health guides come from and are chosen by the community they work.They should be permanent residents of local community, have formal education up to 6th standard, acceptable to all sections, spend 2-3 hrs for community health work.Park 23e pg: 902 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health care of community & international health |
618452cf-42c6-4dca-8707-4f66b44d0db5 | All of the following are associated with coombs positive hemolytic anemia except - | Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) | Scleroderma | SLE | PAN | 0a | multi | Coombs is positive only in immune hemolytic anemias where there is hemolysis of RBCs by antibodies produced in the body which is the case in SLE ,PAN & Scleroderma. While in TTP hemolysis occurs due to trauma to RBCs due to Microangiopathic hemolysis, seen in TTP &HUS Ref Robbins 9/e pg 448-449 | Pathology | Haematology |
5d3fe1d3-46c4-4c58-823f-d6b9d9e5ae0b | Which of the following is NOT a tocolytic agent? | Nifedipine | MgSO4 | Dinoprostone | Terbutaline | 2c | single | The inhibition of uterine contractions, or tocolysis, has been the mainstay therapy for pre-term labour. Specific tocolytic agents are adrenergic receptor agonists Terbutaline, Ritodrine), MgSO4, Ca2+ channel blockers (Nifedipine), COX inhibitors, oxytocin-receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide donors. Two forms of pro... | Pharmacology | null |
ba32557d-179a-4a95-a467-6d3388a2f8d7 | What is the most likely cause of this physical finding? | Ascariasis | Esophagogastric bypass | Hirschsprung's disease | Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction | 1b | single | Answer B. Esophagogastric bypassEsophagogastric bypass is the correct answer. This patient had an subcutaneous esophagogastric bypass procedure over 50 years ago as a result of a complete esophageal stenosis due to a chemical burn. The examination finding is notable for the subcutaneous colonic segment on the chest wal... | Medicine | G.I.T. |
267c59ce-118f-4baf-acf1-1eec00b4c858 | IOC for urethral trauma: | Ascending urethrogram | Descending urethrogram | USG | CT scan | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Ascending urethrogramRef: Bailey and Love 27th Edition, Page 1479* Most common urethral injury sites caused by external trauma are bulbar and membranous urethra.* Most common cause of urethral trauma: Catheterization and cystoscope induced.* IOC for urethral injuries is by ascending urethrogram using water sol... | Surgery | Urethra & Penis |
8c9ecaeb-6415-4fb4-88f4-dd7d7216b36a | Tamoxifen is useful in: | Carcinoma prostate | Carcinoma ovary | Estrogen receptor positive breast carcinoma | Seminoma | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
4412f8ba-be82-454b-936f-da13dac0402f | Urate crystals are deposited in small joints of the hands & feets in: September 2003 | Gout | Still's disease | Retropharyngeal abscess | Ankylosing spondylitis | 0a | multi | Ans. A i.e. Gout | Surgery | null |
d664a032-6045-4079-bd0c-f7e5d86d4722 | In the calculation of Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL), the denominator is- | Population under 75 years of age | Midyear population | Population in the ages of 15 to 65 years | Population above 15 years of age | 0a | multi | Years of potential life lost (YPLL)/Potential years of life lost (PYLL) An estimate of the average years a person would have lived if he or she had not died prematurely. It is a measure of premature moality/death. Deaths occurring in individuals age 75 or older are NOT included in the calculation. For YPLL calculation,... | Social & Preventive Medicine | PQLI, HDI, MDPI, BPL |
0e9b9822-5a51-480b-9c9a-3ef7fc89b686 | A 46-year-old woman presents with fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, and night sweats. She has never smoked. She recently returned returned from a month-long trip to Asia. A chest radiograph reveals apical lesions with cavitation in the left lung. A purified protein derivative (PPD) test is placed, and 48 hours later an 1... | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | Congenital immunodeficiency | Miliary tuberculosis, with seeding of distal organs with innumerable small millet seed-like lesions | Secondary tuberculosis, resulting from activation of a prior Ghon complex, with spread to a new pulmonary site | 3d | multi | Tuberculosis, at one time a frequent hazard in the United States, is now relatively uncommon except in immunocompromised individuals Primary tuberculosis is the initial infection by M. tuberculosis, and is restricted to the primary, or Ghon complex. Cavitation and selective localization to the pulmonary apices are char... | Pathology | Systemic Pathology |
0d1f407b-9c60-4f7c-b3e9-1e1325a42cbb | High Viscosity GIC was discovered in? | 1990 | 1980 | 1970 | 2000 | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
9e59ad74-7078-4c2b-9656-a1df58d50955 | Most sensitive test for antigen detection is - | RIA | Elisa | Immunofluorescence | Passive hemagglutination | 0a | single | RIA is a competitive binding assay in which fixed amounts of antibody and radiolabelled antigen react in the presence of unlabeled antigen. The labeled and unlabeled antigens compete for the limited binding sites on the antibody. This competition is determined by the level of the unlabelled antigen present in the patie... | Microbiology | Immunology |
13542b08-c3d8-4cfb-8889-f1381c237086 | True negative means- | Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive predictive value | Negative predective value | 1b | multi | Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 136 specificity is defined as the ability of a test to identify those who do not have the disease. That is true negatives. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
d004bc4f-2aa1-46ea-9ed1-33bbc4a2a698 | Most common cause of gastric varices is: | Splenic vein thrombosis | Splenectomy | Cirrhosis | Mesenteric thrombosis | 2c | single | Ans. (c) CirrhosisRef: Sabiston 19/e p 1222-1223* MC cause of Isolated Gastric varices- Splenic vein thrombosis* MC cause of gastric varices- Cirrhosis* Gastric Varices are in the SUBMUCOSA (Esophageal varices are seen in MUCOSA)* Endoscopic USG is the IOC to diagnose Gastric Varices because of the reason above.* Endos... | Surgery | Liver |
c9fb4704-224b-4ebb-aaf8-32f33f5aafb4 | During the first 6 months of lactation, which amongst the following contraceptives is not advisable? | DMPA | Combined oral contraceptives pills | Progestin only pills | Norplant | 1b | single | - Combined oral contraceptives are relatively contraindicated in the first six months of delivery, as they decrease breastmilk output. - Progestin-only methods can be used after 6 weeks of delivery safely as they have little to no effect on lactation post-six weeks. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Natural Methods, Barrier Methods, IUDs, OCPs |
99efb380-50e5-4abf-bfa0-1ae2da2aa615 | Expression of which of the following oncogene is associated with a high incidence of medullary carcinoma of thyroid: | FOS | BRAF | RET Proto oncogene | WNT1 | 2c | single | Inherited Medullary Thyroid Cancer: In inherited medullary thyroid cancer prospective family screening is essential due to the 90 to 95% penetrance of the disease. Inherited MTC is usually present by the third decade of life. Inherited syndromes of medullary thyroid cancer are all transmitted in an autosomal dominant f... | Medicine | null |
360e653e-5722-4bf1-a3d3-2083c529cf91 | commonest site of a rodent ulcer is - | Limbs | Face | Abdomen | Trunk | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Face o Rodent ulcer is synonymous with basal cel! carcinoma.o 90% of basal cell carcinomas are seen in the face, above a line from the corner of mouth to the lobule of ear. The commonest site is around the inner can thus of the eye (also k/a Tear cancer).o This is a typical appearance of nodular varie... | Pathology | Skin |
69474b7f-9499-4a09-9722-bf2015728fc8 | Early sign of glaucoma includes following except; | Nerve fibre atroiphy | Peripheral halo | Veical cup | Horizontal cup | 3d | multi | D i.e. Horizontal cup Veically oval cup is seen in early glaucoma where as marked (total) bean pot cupping is seen in advanced glaucoma Q | Ophthalmology | null |
531f514f-bfde-4e8c-a49f-84acdc59bf9a | Warthin Finkleday giant cells are seen in: | LGV | Measles | Mumps | Rubella | 1b | single | Ans: b (Measles)The cytopathic effects of measles include1) Multinucleate syncitium formation2) Acidophilic cytoplasmic & nuclear inclusion bodies3) Multinucleate giant cells (Warthin Finkleday cells)More about measles* Commonest childhood exanthema (Mobili virus)* Characteristic Koplik spots are seen opposite to upper... | Microbiology | Virology |
884bb6f3-a0ce-4ec3-86ef-dd71f0c48e9c | The main cause of increased blood flow to exercising muscles is : | Raised blood pressure | Vasodilatation due to local metabolites | Increased sympathetic discharge to peripheral vessels | Increased hea rate | 1b | single | B i.e. Vasodilatation due to local metabolites | Physiology | null |
e8b9e66f-8290-4410-908a-dead1e4f8f15 | All are germ cell tumours of ovary EXCEPT : | Brenner's tumour | Dysgerminoma | Polyembryoma | Endodermal sinus tumor | 0a | multi | Brenner's tumour | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ac2ce0ab-3188-4236-8bcf-d03f904be249 | Which phase of the cell cycle is resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents, i.e., those that are classified as phase-specific? | G0 | G1 | G2 | M | 0a | single | . | Pharmacology | All India exam |
76387746-2b1e-438d-a80e-ff7e2a4aab14 | Hypehermia is defined as- | Core temperature > 40.0degC | Core temperature > 41.50degC | Elevated temperature that normalizes with antipyretic drugs | Uncontrolled increase in body temperature despite a normal hypothalamic temperature setting | 3d | single | Hypehermia is increase in the body temperature to abnormal level despite of normal hypothalamic functions The body temperature may be over 105 F, a level that damages the brain and other organs. Other symptoms include muscle cramps, fatigue, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. The hea rate may be eleva... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
48d71756-1bba-4675-8496-f0a617cdf84d | USG can detect gestation sac earliest at – | 5–6 weeks of gestation | 7–8 weeks of gestation | 10 weeks of gestation | 12 weeks of gestation | 0a | single | The gestational sac can be visualized as early as 41/2 weeks by transvaginal USG and 5 weeks by transabdominal USG. | Radiology | null |
be8dc1e6-9eef-4996-8fea-c773d78729c3 | Physical Quality of life Index Components | Life expectancy at bih | Knowledge | Life expectancy at age one | Standard of Living | 2c | single | Components of PQLI:Infant Moality Life expectancy at age oneLiteracyPQLI is scaled from 0 to 100. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
dc464c02-d6de-4ff3-8430-652ee6225f8f | Positive health indicators of nutritional status include all of the following EXCEPT: | Anthropometric measurements of pre-school children | Height of school children at school entry | Weight of antenatal mothers | Prevalence of low bih weight | 2c | multi | (Weight of antenatal mothers) Nutritional status indicators Nutritional status is a positive health indicator. Three nutritional status indicators are considered impoant indicators of health status: a. Anthropometric measurements of pre-school children b. Height of school children at school entry c. Prevalence of low b... | Surgery | null |
78a6de28-a173-4bd5-b9db-4d95655fa962 | Ischial bursitis is also known as ? | Clergyman's knee | Housemaid's knee | Weaver's bottom | Students elbow | 0a | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Weaver's bottom Prepatellar bursitis Hrdeg,1semaid's knee Infrapatellar bursitis Clergyman's knee Olecranon bursitis Student's elbow Ischia] bursitis Weaver's bottom On lateral malleolus Tailor's ankle On great toe Bunion | Surgery | null |
6752e8f2-c5e1-4b3c-9c03-a972d7262045 | Long acting non-depolarising competitive blocker is | Doxacurium | Rocuronium | Mivacurium | Atracurium | 0a | single | null | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants |
22b2d46b-8578-4ca7-8e69-9367f1d77287 | Which of the following drugs is most frequently used in treating refractory periodontitis, including localized juvenile periodontitis? | Metronidazole and Amoxicillin | Tetracycline | Ciprofloxacin | Penicillin | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
fb070130-bc61-44d6-b500-53bd61f0737f | Gene affected in breast cancer? | WT1 | p53 | RAS | p83 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., p53 * Most common gene involved infamilial breast cancer - BRCA-1* Most common gene involved in sporadic breast cancer -p53* Most common gene involved overall (Hereditory plus sporadic) - p53* Maximum increase in susceptibility to breast cancer is seen with - p53 mutation (>90%) whether it is sporadic... | Pathology | Breast |
7b1f9a00-629f-4d15-9965-a1bc9e625482 | A 50 year old woman, Hema has been diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer and recommended for chemotherapy. She has five years history of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. Which antineoplastic drug should be best avoided | Anthracycline | Alkylating agent | Platinum compound | Bisphosphonates | 0a | multi | Anthracyclines like Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Idarubicin and Epirubicin are implicated in causing cardiotoxicity. This adverse effect is due to the generation of iron mediated free radicals. Dexrazoxane is a free radical scavenger that can be used to prevent cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines. | Pharmacology | null |
72b6ce27-9eab-4d41-a127-69c9a3a8887c | All are examples of malignant disorders causing myelofibrosis except ? | Chronic myelogenous leukemia | Hairy cell leukemia | Hodgkin's disease | PNH | 3d | multi | Disorders Causing Myelofibrosis Acute leukemia (lymphocytic, myelogenous, megakaryocytic) Chronic myelogenous leukemia Hairy cell leukemia Hodgkin's disease Idiopathic myelofibrosis Lymphoma Multiple myeloma Myelodysplasia Polycythemia vera Systemic mastocytosis Ref: Harrison, E-18,P-905. | Medicine | null |
c39cc9c6-f7de-4c8e-a67f-57745beb1d9b | Use of lithium in pregnancy can result in which of the following abnormalities in the baby? | Anencephaly | Ebstein's anomaly | Caudal dysgenesis syndrome | Elfin facies | 1b | single | Lithium usage in pregnancy can lead to Ebstein's anomaly cardiovascular defects. | Psychiatry | null |
e5cbe988-6d56-422d-b058-994332876549 | Non-visualization of Gallbladder is a feature seen in case of Acute cholecystitis in which of the following investigations? | HIDA scan | USG abdomen | CECT abdomen | MRCP | 0a | multi | Acute cholecystitis on HIDA scan - failure to visualise gall bladder even after 60 min / delayed visualisation after 4 hrs | Anatomy | All India exam |
b9cd8af8-420f-4db1-845f-71476249a4e6 | Middle ear deafness can be tested by | Babinsky test | Chvostek test | Finger-nose test | Weber's test | 3d | single | null | Physiology | null |
a8e10f2c-95fa-4da7-9ebe-1fe0f659e128 | Post-term labor is seen in: | Hydramnios | PID | Anencephaly | Multiple pregnancy | 2c | single | Ans. is c, i.e. AnencephalyRef. Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 299Causes of Post-term pregnancy:Wrong dates: Due to inaccurate LMP (most common).Biologic variability (Hereditary) may be seen in the family.Maternal factors: Primipara/elderly multipara/H/o previous prolonged pregnancy, sedentary habit.Fetal factors: Congenital anomal... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Labour |
ea6c4eab-28c0-4094-832b-32ddef410236 | The most common presentation for IgA nephropathy is: | Nephritic syndrome | Nephritic syndrome | Microscopic hematuria | Repeated gross hematuria | 3d | single | Answer is D (Repeated Gross Hematuria): The most common presentation of IgA Nephropathy is with recurrent episodes of Gross (Macroscopic) Hematuria during or immediately following an upper respiratory tract infection 'Recurrent attacks of Painless Gross Hematuria represent the classic clinical presentation of IgA Nephr... | Medicine | null |
4e181d8f-97c0-40b6-894c-24571061a847 | The classification proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group for non - Hodgkin's lymphoma is known as - | Kiel classification | REAL classification | WHO classification | Rappaport classification | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
4d79ee25-2539-41a5-969a-9a61f7a27580 | Aschoff bodies in the myocardium are the hallmark of carditis associated with | Infective endocarditis | Rheumatic fever | Rheumatoid ahritis | Systemic lupus erythematosus | 1b | multi | Acute rheumatic fever is characterized by discrete inflammatory foci within a variety of tissues. The myocardial inflammatory lesions--called Aschoff bodies--are pathognomonic for rheumatic fever these are collections of lymphocytes (primarily T cells), scattered plasma cells, and plump activated macrophages called Ani... | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
d5b054aa-2d01-4c3e-b0bf-9d0b7719bc1e | Essential Pentosuria is due to defect in? | Glycolysis | HMP Shunt | TCA Cycle | Uronic acid pathway | 3d | single | Affected individuals excrete large amounts of L-xylulose in urine. Xylulose being a reducing sugar gives Benedict's test positive. Bial's test is positive as xylulose is a pentose Reference Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry 30th Edition Pg 205 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
6ea99ce8-03c0-472f-b19b-5be32c600f39 | In a woman on subdermal progesterone implant, the menstrual abnormality seen is : | Menorrhagia | Metrorrhagia | Polymenorrhoea | Amenorrhoea | 1b | single | Ans. is b i.e. Metrorrhagia | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
bf7bc935-2e3c-4143-b784-86ff1fcfad5d | A neonate presenting with ascites is diagnosed having urinary ascites. What is the most common cause | Bilateral PUJ obstruction | Infant polycystic kidney disease | posterior urethral valve | Meatal stenosis | 2c | single | Posterior urethral valves Posterior urethral valves occur in around 1 in 5000-8000 live male bihs. The valves are membranes that have a small posterior slit within them, which typically lie just distal to the verumontanum and cause obstruction to the urethra of boys. They function as flap valves and so although they ar... | Surgery | Urology |
a46322fc-d4ca-4cc0-83e6-16cbe56394c6 | Which of the following cranial nerve palsy leaves the eye "down and out"? | Trochlear | Oculomotor | Optic | Abducens | 1b | single | CN3 lesion causes dilated pupil, down-and-out eye, droopy eyelid. | Ophthalmology | All India exam |
a2331634-5450-4aa3-a870-86fe09a0ea68 | Na + uptake at basolateral surface of apical cells is by - | Active transport | Passivetransport | Diffusion | Osmosis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Active transporto The Na+ - 1C pump operates at basolateral membrane which maintains intracellular concentration of Na+ very low.o Na+ - K+ pump is a pump for active transport. | Physiology | Transport Across Cell Membrane |
2d6be52a-151c-4302-a8a3-3e44fe79b188 | Most common renal tumor in neonatal period: | Renal cyst | Congenital mesoblastic nephroma | Neuroblastoma | Nephroblastoma | 1b | single | "Although congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare benign congenital renal tumor it is the most common solid renal tumor in the neonatal period." | Surgery | Kidney and ureter |
bcdbcc6e-46cd-437c-86be-db33bb8fd31a | Antihistaminic not much preferable in motion sickness among the following is: | Cetirizine | Meclizine | Diphenhydramine | Fexofenadine | 3d | single | 1st generation drugs better treat motion sickness than 2nd gen drugs due to high sedating nature Fexofenadine is a 2nd gen. antihistaminic Promethazine, diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, and meclozine have prophylactic value in milder types of motion sickness; should be taken one hour before staing journey. Promethazine... | Pharmacology | Autacoids |
242a6ed2-5fd2-40e2-a1f5-e5bbb5e5b375 | "Lemon sign" & "Banana sign" are see in- | Down syndrome | Spina bifida | Turner syndrome | Periventricular leukomalacia | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Spina bifida * Lemon and banana signs are ultrasonographic findings in a patient of neural tube defects (esp spina bifida).* The banana sign seen on axial imaging through the posterior fossa of fetus. It describes the way the cerebellum is wrapped tightly around the brain stem as a result of spinal cor... | Radiology | Nervous System |
d613bddd-79ee-4661-b151-f3511c92f0c9 | Which immunoglobulin is scarce in human serum | IgA | IgG | IgM | IgE | 3d | single | Antibody with least serum concentration IgE(0.0004) | Microbiology | null |
1f5ab534-5f91-4b27-b910-6fc20601316e | All of the following statements regarding case control study are true, except | Used to find the relative risk | Odds ratio can be calculated | Relatively cheap | Used for rare diseases | 0a | multi | Using case control study only odds ratio can be calculated. Incidence rates, relative risk and attributable risk can be calculated using coho study. Case control study is inexpensive, easy to carry out, used to investigate rare diseases, used to identify risk factors, allows study of different etiological factors and i... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
f471cbb7-7ef1-44fe-8e84-9f7247a2c3d5 | Pellagra is caused by the deficiency of | Niacin | folic acid | glycin | ascorbic acid | 0a | single | null | Biochemistry | null |
f9f09d5b-fc6b-416a-afa8-43fc620c6369 | Changes occuring in vessels in Raynauds disease are all except - | Asphyxia | Recovery | Hyperfusion | Syncope | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hyperperfusion Three stages are observed with exposure to cold or emotional disturbances. These are -Stages of local syncope - On cold exposure - digital arterioles go in spasm and blood flow decreases, pallor or blanching is observed (Stage of blanching).Stage of local asphyxia - With gradual warming... | Surgery | Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease |
640ab192-6dac-4ad3-a17b-6aba3bda3046 | In which of the following cardiac structure is middle cardiac vein located? | Anterior AV groove | Posterior AV groove | Anterior interventricular sulcus | Posterior interventricular sulcus | 3d | single | Posterior interventricular vein or middle cardiac vein runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus and may drain into the right atrium or into the coronary sinus. | Anatomy | null |
aea61ed0-473d-42dc-a059-e4d4734a1362 | A hypertensive patient was started on antihypertensive drug. He develops dry cough during the course of the treatment. Which of the following drug is responsible for the following? | Beta blockers | ACE inhibitors | Alpha blockers | Diuretics | 1b | single | Ans. B. ACE inhibitorsACE inhibitorsI- C- coughII- A-angioedemaIII- P-prodrugIV- T-taste disturbanceV- O- orthostatic hypotensionVI- P-pregnancyVII- R-renal artery stenosisVIII- I-increased potassiumIX- L-low risk of diabetic nephropathy. | Pharmacology | C.V.S |
a81ba95c-f9e5-467d-afc7-7e67c1d7971a | In medical ethics all is involved except | Beneficence | Confidentiality | Informed consent | Directive guidance | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
5ae5acd9-d586-4f7c-8ce7-a4b3353d2d50 | A one day census of inpatients in a mental hospital could - | Give good information about the patients in that hospital at that time | Give reliable estimates of seasonal factors in admissions | Enable us to draw conclusions about the mental hospitals of India | Enable us to estimate the distribution of different diagnosis in mental illness in the local area | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Give good information about the patients in that hospital at a time o A one day census of inpatient in a mental hospital means the examination is carried out at one point of time --> feature of cross-sectional study. o So, it will provide information about the patients in that hospital at that time. A... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7ef6f205-8856-46d9-8857-4308ec8d4332 | Apical cyst having a direct connection with apical foramen have been termed as | Residual | Bay | Paradental | Collateral | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
25d5e21c-4900-452a-a021-c379adb0959b | 'Duret hemorrhages' are seen in: | Brain | Kidney | Heart | Lung | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Brain* Due to increased ICP - there will be downward herniation of brain stem which causes stretching of the Basilar artery and results in Duret hemorrhage.* Duret hemorrhage is a small area of bleeding in Upper brain stem (Midbrain and Pons)* Fatal outcome. | Surgery | Nervous System |
a90f1f74-fa8f-4bc2-9d94-d25d963792c7 | Preformed toxin produces diarrhea in which organism ? | Staphylococcus | Vibrio cholera | Salmonella | Escherichia coli | 0a | single | Example of Preformed toxin i.e. toxin secreted in food: S.aureus enterotoxin, Bacillus cereus emetic type of enterotoxin and botulinum toxin. | Microbiology | null |
1a0aa19e-5b06-4bbe-92ca-621106200813 | Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to all EXCEPT: | Myopathy | Peripheral neuropathy | Optic atrophy | Myelopathy | 0a | multi | Myelin formation requires B12 If B12| - myelination | | So, 1) Peripheral neuropathy 2) Optic atrophy 3) Myelopathy But Not Myopathy 4) SACD spinal cord (Sub-acute combine degeneration of spinal cord) | Medicine | FMGE 2018 |
3a796bfc-f2d7-4af7-a7c7-b1b78a0296f6 | Diphtheria antibody titer considered optimally protective is | >0.1 IU/ml | >0.01 IU/ml | >0.05 IU/ml | 0.5 IU/ml | 0a | multi | Diphtheria antibody titer considered as optimally protective is >0.1 IU/ml. Titers of IgG antibody against diphtheria toxoid vaccine reflect various levels of protection against the disease as follows: <0.01 IU/ml: No protection 0.01 IU/ml: Basic protection >0.1 IU/ml: Optimal protection. Ref: Textbook of microbiology;... | Anatomy | Bacteriology |
29bb1a2f-c4e6-4e69-8a02-6adfe06ac660 | True regarding X-linked recessive disorders is | Menkey's kinkey hair diseases -- Copper | Rubber man syndrome -- Lungs | Alports syndrome -- Skin | Marfans syndrome -- MS | 0a | multi | (A) Menkey's kinkey hair diseases-copper # MENKES KINKY HAIR SYNDROME is an X-linked metabolic disturbance of copper metabolism characterized by mental retardation, hypocupremia, and decreased circulating ceruloplasmin. It is caused by mutations in a copper-transporting ATP7A gene. Children with this disease often die ... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
3a8735da-4140-404a-adb8-f60bc0ac9f26 | Ehrlichia chaffeensis is causative agent of | Human monocytic ehrlichiosis | Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis | Glandular fever | None | 0a | multi | Ehrlichiae
These are gram negative, obligate intracellular bacteria which have affinity towards blood cells,
They grow within phagosomes of phagocytes as mulberry-like clusters called morula.
They are tick-borne.
Three human infections caused by this group of organisms have been identified :-
Human monocytic ehrlichi... | Unknown | null |
83208258-2d7b-47c3-887b-6bc6401021cc | An 8-year-old mentally retarded child presents with left side flank pain. On ultrasound hvperechoic lesion is seen in right kidney and multiple lesions in the liver. CT scan of abdomen shows -50 to -60 HU density of the lesions in kidney and liver. The most probable diagnosis is: (E. REPEAT 2007) | Familial angiolipomatosis | ADPKD | VHL | Tuberous sclerosis | 3d | multi | Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edit ion. Pages 2049 and 2052Explanation:HOUNSFIELD SCALEIt is a quantitative scale for describing radiodensity.The Hounsfield scale applies to medical grade CT scans.A change of one Hounsfield Unit (HU) represents a change of 0.1% of the attenuation coefficient of water since... | Pediatrics | Nephropathy |
7f503224-9e68-43fa-bd19-ec14900fcee5 | In humans, rate limiting step of de novo pyrimidine synthesis is: | Aspaate tanscarbamoylase | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-II | Dihydro orotate dehydrogenase | Ornithine tanscarbamoylase | 1b | multi | De-novo pyramidine synthesis Rate limiting step in mammals CPS II in bacteria Aspaate transcarbamoylase CPS I CPS II Rate-limiting enzyme of urea cycle Rate limiting step of pyrimidine synthesis Found in mitochondria Found in cytosol Uses ammonia as nitrogen source Uses glutamine as nitrogen source Requires N-acetylglu... | Biochemistry | Nucleotides |
a460ef3b-20e8-4397-b8e1-847f1aa69880 | A 60 year old man has both HTN and DM for 10 years. There is reduced vision in one eye. On fundus examination there is a central bleed and the fellow eye is normal. The diagnosis is – | Retinal tear | Optic neuritis | Diabetic retinopathy | Hypertensive retinopathy | 2c | multi | Central bleed implies bleed in the macula and this is resulting in reduced vision in the involved eye.
Among the given options, macular bleed can be seen in diabetic retinopathy only. In diabetic retinopathy, neovascularization of macula may occur where there is growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina which c... | Ophthalmology | null |
4eb4e5bf-33b6-4696-8443-3d28d4e7322b | OCP's intake cause psychiatric symptoms, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is: | Acute intermittent porphyria | Systemic lupus | Thrombosis | Anemia | 0a | single | Ans. is a, i.e. Acute intermittent porphyriaRef: Harrison 17th/ed, p2439Patient taking OCP's and presenting with abdominal pain and psychiatric problem, diagnosis is undoubtedly acute intermittent porphyria as OCP's can precipitate porphyria.Some drugs which precipitate porphyria are:* BarbituratesSulfonamide antibioti... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraceptives |
cae1f9fd-029f-411c-b209-74dfa1e1a576 | All are the potential carcinogens for hepatic angiosarcoma except : | Thorotrast | Arsenic | Polyvinyl chloride | Naphthylamine | 3d | multi | Hepatic angiosarcoma carcinogen:- T :- Thorotrast A :- Arsenic P :- Poly vinyl chloride Other carcinogen :- Aflatoxin :- HCC Asbestos :- Lung cancer/ Mesothelioma Nitrosamine :- Stomach cancer. Naphthylamine:- urothelial carcinoma of bladder | Pathology | Etiological Factors of Neoplasia |
26a89f5e-9d15-405e-9feb-7719c7b26716 | M.C.site of Atopic dermatitis – | Scalp | Elbow | Antecubital fossa | Trunk | 2c | single | Sites of itching patch in atopic dermatitis
Infant Face (especially cheeks), extensors of forearm & legs.
Childhood & adult → Flexures (antecubital fossa, Popliteal fossa). | Dental | null |
c43116df-a3e8-47ab-a28a-48901ebc1234 | Treatment options for acne vulgaris is/are - | Dapsone | Oral Minocycline | Isotretinoin | All the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Drugs used for the treatment of AcneTopicalComedolytics: Act by removing the follicular plug, thereby reopen pilosebaceous ostia. Comedolytics are; Retinoic acid, Adapalene, Azelaic acid, Tazarotene.Antibiotics: Decrease bacterial population and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Topical ... | Unknown | null |
4cb7c449-f3bb-4ed8-8d0f-e37fa7a045ac | A 47-year-old woman presents with increasing headaches and visual changes. On examination, her pupils are normal and reactive to light, the extraocular movements are normal, and there are visual field defects of the outer half in both eyes (bitemporal hemianopsia). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | pituitary adenoma | falx meningioma | craniopharyngioma | aneurysm of the internal carotid artery | 0a | multi | Adenomas of the pituitary gland constitute approximately 7% of intracranial tumors, with the chromophobic type being the most common. With macroadenomas, some degree of pituitary insufficiency is common, and half the patients have headaches. With microadenomas, the other pituitary functions may be completely normal. | Medicine | C.N.S. |
e1dfaa22-1189-4d88-b52c-7c32ed9027d0 | Protein A of staph aureus is pa of bacterial ? | Genome | Cell wall | Limiting membrane | Plasmid | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cell wall Protein A is a cell wall component of many S aureus strains that binds to the Fc poion of IgG molecules except IgG3.The Fab poion of IgG bound to protein A is free to combine with a specific anigen. Protein a has become an impoant reagent in immunology and diagnostic laboratory technology; f... | Microbiology | null |
cc2277fb-2cea-48cc-9312-2d668ee59bb1 | A patient with spine, chest and abdominal injury in road traffic accident developed hypotension and bradycardia. Most likely reason is | Hypovolemic shock | Hypovolemic + neurogenic shock | Hypovolemic + Septicemia | Neurogenic shock | 3d | single | Answer is neurogenic shock. It is usually due to spinal cord injury, which causes dilatation of splanchnic vessels. There will be bradycardia, hypotension, arrhythmias, and decreased cardiac output. Reference : SRB's Manual of Surgery, 6th Edition, page no = 106. | Surgery | Trauma |
e48f0783-40fc-41ca-8571-f31c3a1e8ce8 | Framingham criteria for diagnosis of congestive heart failure classifies the following as major criteria except- | Extremity oedema | Acute pulmonary oedema | Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoes | S3 gallop | 0a | multi | null | Medicine | null |
ae80d5c9-2e2f-4a36-bb3a-48b61e7503ca | Investigation of choice for detection & characterization of interstitial lung disease is – | MRI | Chest X-ray | High resolution CT scan | Ventilation perfusion scan | 2c | single | HRCT is the investigation of choice for interstitial lung disease. | Radiology | null |
a91725e7-a8b5-4e2c-9eed-09b4529a08e8 | The Tumor causing Polycythemia due to erythropoietin production is: | Cerebellar hemangioma | Medulloblastoma | Ependymoma | Oligodendroglioma | 0a | single | Cerebellar hemangioma | Pathology | null |
2087bcf4-9fdd-4d70-b916-05cda7b6211d | The most likely complication of insulin therapy in ketoacidosis is: | Dilutional hyponatremia | Hypoglycemia | Increased bleeding tendency | Pancreatitis | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
9dbd4d81-99ae-4131-8921-14c2942c26ab | The initial pharmacologic therapy of choice in this stable patient (refer to Q 87) is | Adenosine 6 mg rapid IV bolus | Verapamil 2.5 to 5 mg IV over 1 to 2 min | Diltiazem 0.25 mg /kg IV over 2 min | Digoxin 0.5 mg IV slowly | 0a | single | Vagotonic maneuvers such as carotid massage or the Valsalva maneuver could ceainly be tried first. If these are unsuccessful, adenosine, with its excellent safety profile and extremely sho half-life, is the drug of choice for supraventricular tachycardia at an initial dose of 6 mg. Dosage can be repeated if necessary a... | Surgery | null |
da322d1b-fa92-4479-bf66-e5f7509e7341 | Eye ball movements are controlled by all of the following cranial nerves except: | Optic nerve | Abducens nerve | Trochlear nerve | Oculomotor nerve | 0a | multi | Cranial Nerve I: OlfactoryArises from the olfactory epithelium.Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for the sense of smell.Cranial Nerve II: OpticArises from the retina of the eye.Optic nerves pass through the optic canals and converge at the optic chiasm.Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for vis... | Anatomy | null |
ad20e74d-d638-4a5c-9068-89fff434d6bc | Avascular necrosis is the most common in one of the following fracture | Garden 3 and 4 fracture of femoral neck | Garden 1 and 2 fracture of femoral neck | Sub-trochanteric fracture of femoral neck | Baso-trochanteric fracture | 0a | single | The Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures is the most widely used. It is simple and.
Garden stage III: complete fracture, incompletely displaced. femoral
Garden stage IV: complete fracture, completely displaced. femoral | Orthopaedics | null |
fd08f9d8-46be-42ba-b740-4f6847e27c0e | Chloride receptor defect is responsible for: | Cystic fibrosis | Wilson's disease | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Hemochromatosis | 0a | single | Ans: A (Cystic fibrosis) Ref: Harrison's 18th edn, pg 2149Explanation:Cystic FibrosisAutosomal recessiveMutation in CFTR (cysic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) geneClinical FeaturesBronchiectasisExocrine pancreatic insufficiencyIntestinal dysfunctionAbnormal sweat gland functionUrogenital dysfunctionCF ai... | Medicine | Genetics |
9b1f4393-9b51-456d-9476-146b1247169d | A young boy has a single scaly, hypo anaesthetic patch over Hand plus thickened ulnar nerve, diagnosis is: | Tuberculoid leprosy | Lepromatous leprosy | Indeterminate | Borderline | 0a | single | Tuberculoid leprosy | Skin | null |
bcb9cd4c-add4-44b4-8845-1e0b3ad8aa85 | True about azathioprine is : | It has more anti tumor effect than immunosuppressant effect | It is not a prodrug | It selectively affects differentiation of T cells | It is a pyrimidine antimetabolite | 2c | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
12d78741-c099-4720-b1d9-279738994e91 | Tetracycline inhibits protein synthesis by- | Inhibiting initiation and causing misreading of mRNA | Binding to 30 S subunit and inhibits binding of aminoacyltRNA | Inhibiting peptidyitransferase activity | Inhibiting translocation | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Binding to 30 S subunit and inhibits binding of ami noacyl tRNA Tetracyclineso Tetracyclines are classified into three groups -# Group 1 - Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline.# Group II - Lymecycline, Demeclocycline.# Group III - Minocycline, Doxycycline.o Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic... | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
bb233a4b-0183-4a65-ae34-4a7e98675d1a | MTAD is | Mixture of Tetracyclin, Acid and Detergent | Mixture of Triclosan Acid and Doxycycline hyclate | Mixture of Tetracyclin, Acid and EDTA | Mixture of Triclosan, Acid and EDTA | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
95895b06-6bbf-43fb-8cbb-f492a645730e | A group of 8 expes discussing and interacting about a topic in front of large audience is? | Workshop | Symposium | Semin ar | Panel discussion | 3d | single | - panel discussion is a group approach in health communication. - in a panel discussion, 4-8 people who are qualified to talk about a topic sit and discuss a given problem or topic in front of a large group or audience. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:865 <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health education & planning |
521d1361-c99d-4bfc-aa9a-993b8e4a6385 | A 28-year-old male with AIDS presents with moderate proteinuria and hypeension. Histologic sections of the kidney reveal the combination of normal-appearing glomeruli and occasional glomeruli that have deposits of hyaline material. No increased cellularity or necrosis is noted in the abnormal glomeruli. Additionally, t... | Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) | Focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGN) | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) | Membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) | 2c | multi | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a glomerular disorder that accounts for about 10% of the cases of nephrotic syndrome. FSGS, which affects children and adults, begins as a focal process, affecting only some glomeruli. In the earliest stage, only some of the juxtamedullary glomeruli show changes. Eventually,... | Pathology | miscellaneous |
3b754d8a-c4ff-4c48-9d9c-8c67df972a2d | What is the ponderal index of a child with weight 2000 g and height 50 cm – | 1.6 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 0a | single | Ponderal index (PI) in neonate
Ponderal index has been used as an indicator of fetal growth status, especially to assess assymetrical IUGR.
Ponderal index can be used to indentify infants whose soft tissue mass is below normal for the stage of skeletal development.
The Ponderal index is calculated by multiplying the w... | Pediatrics | null |
f0afb109-b9d9-4061-9f66-01f5dfc3fca2 | In Sickle cell trait patients, there is reduced risk of which of the following disease? | Typhoid | Malaria | G-6PD deficiency | Filaria | 1b | single | Malaria is not seen in people sickle cell anaemia,thalassemia,G6PD deficiency disorders.Ref.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 21st edition page no 236 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
9f18ccee-3313-4ccf-b6d3-b1b70d6b4672 | Which of the following hormones stimulates increased testosterone production by ovaries in PCOD | Estrogen | Luteinizing Hormone | Follicle - stimulating Hormone | Inhibin | 1b | single | Lutenizing hormone and insulin stimulate increased testosterone production by ovaries in PCOD. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
cc9c6e52-2b9c-4a28-8190-c6cbb644776f | Movements of supination & pronation take place at all of the following, EXCEPT? | Superior radioulnar joint | Middle radioulnar joint | Inferior radioulnar joint | Radio-carpal joint | 3d | multi | Radio-carpal joint: Aiculation between the radius and the radioulnar disc (triangular fibrocailage complex) with the proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum). Motions present at radio carpal joint include flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. Movement of supination and pronation does not t... | Anatomy | null |
c76efd0e-e890-46fd-9244-e812f2c04670 | In obstruction of second pa of axillay aery, the anostomosis between the following aery will maintain the blood supply of upper limb? | Deep branch of transverse cervical aery & subscapular aery | Anterior & posterior circumflex humeral | Posterior circumflex humeral & circumflex scapular aery | Suprascapular & anterior circumflex humeral aery | 0a | single | Formed by branches of- Subclan aery - first pa - Suprascapular aery - Deep branch of transverse cervical aery Axillary aery - third pa - Subscapular aery & its circumflex scapular branch There are other smaller anastomoses over the acromion process, which also helps to maintain .flow to arm. (BDC Vol I, 4/e, p 82) Anas... | Anatomy | null |
d036d499-99ab-45f0-a899-419636ee49d6 | Botulism causes: | Descending flaccid paralysis | Descending spastic paralysis | Ascending paralysis | Ascending spastic paralysis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Descending flaccid paralysis (Ref: Harrison, 18th/e, 1201)* Botulism causes acute descending paralysis of flaccid type (Areflexia). | Microbiology | Bacteria |
de9ee238-6ea2-499f-8169-1226d1d5659e | In hemochromatosis iron not deposited in ? | Hea | Pituitary | Testis | Skin | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Testis In hemochromatosis, hypogonadism is caused by impairment of hypothalamic pituitary function and not due to deposition of Iron in the Testis. Hemochromatosis Hemochromatosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body iron, most of which is deposited in parenchymal organs such as live... | Pathology | null |
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