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4ac2aa8b-02c4-494e-90dd-aeb859abca48 | 1.5 mL of a solution containing 20 mg/mL of Evans blue dye is injected into plasma, the final concentration of the dye is 0.015 mg/mL, the volume of the plasma is: | 1 L | 2 L | 3 L | 4 L | 1b | single | Volume of plasma = volume of dye injected / final concentration of the dye Volume of dye injected = 1.5 * 20 = 30 mg Volume of plasma = 30/0.015 = 2000 mL | Physiology | Body fluid compaments |
dcd5aa7c-dfcf-4727-acf0-13de51421ca1 | Chloride shift is due to | Generationof HCO3 in RBC's | Metabolism of glucoses in RBC's | Formation of O2-Hb complex in RBC's | Release of K in RBC's | 0a | single | Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Haog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and chloride (Cl-) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical p... | Physiology | Respiratory system |
07950cce-6d72-4405-82ba-5ba894190ae5 | Pityriasis versicolor is caused by- | E. floccosum | M. gypseum | M. furfur | T. tonsurans | 2c | single | Tinea Versicolor or Pityriasis Versicolor: It is a chronic recurrent condition involving stratum corneum of skin, caused by a lipophilic fungus - Malassezia furfur. Malassezia furfur is a lipophilic fungus that is found on skin. Clinical manifestation: Characterized by scaly patches of hypo to hyper pigmentation of ski... | Microbiology | Mycology |
085d2cd8-530c-4424-8769-d8a9dc02da3e | Greenish colour in a contussion is due to : | Hemosiderin | Haemotoidin | Bilirubin | Biliverdin | 1b | single | B i.e. Haematoidin | Forensic Medicine | null |
013b2aed-5b9d-4805-a941-5781987f5667 | Most commonly involved ossicle in CSOM is | Malleus | Incus | Stapes | All the above | 1b | multi | Ossicular necrosis is one of the sequale of CSOM. Most commonly, long process of incus gets necrosed. Sometimes, stapes superstructure also gets necrosed. This increases the conductive hearing loss to more than 50 dB Ref: Diseases of ENT by Dhingra 6th edition Pgno : 73 | ENT | Ear |
06581457-c9f1-4a3f-aa65-91b9e748bc97 | Superior intercostal aery is a branch of | Costocervical trunk | Dorsal scapular aery | Thyrocervical trunk | Internal thoracic aery | 0a | single | Superior intercostal arery is a branch of costocervical trunk of subclan aery. BD chaurasia's human anatomy.6th edition volume 1.page no 219. | Anatomy | Thorax |
552d9589-aab5-4c17-a860-4f62dc7cee75 | The amniotic membrane is characterized by all the following Except | Provides maximum tensile strength | Highly vascular | It developed after 2-7 days of gestation | Derived from Foetal ectoderm | 1b | multi | AMNIONAt term, amnion is tough and tenacious.It provides almost all of the tensile strength of the fetal membranes.It is avascular and pliable.It is the innermost fetal membrane and is contiguous with the amniotic fluid. | Microbiology | All India exam |
9684cda6-e729-4a81-aa79-d4e86d9c678f | All of the following species of borrelia are associated with tick borne relapsing fever, except - | Borrelia recurrentis | Borrelia hermsii | Borrelia turicatae | Borrelia duttani | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
96b76788-5c54-47e5-aafa-7a8231e76357 | In the treatment of severe bradycardia, all of the following can be the best modality of treatment except | Atropine | Pacing | Isoproterenol | Diltiazem | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
40f39443-a88f-4798-91e9-cd706d2c9e94 | Keratan sulfate I and II is found in | Cornea | Cartilage | Loose connective tissue | All of the above | 3d | multi | Biologically Important GAGs: | Biochemistry | null |
fa13c6bf-dbf6-42d8-9cf3-9c26d7a33258 | Tetralogy of Fallot's present with one of the following: | Cenral cyanosis with clubbing | Cardiomegaly | Left ventricular hypertrophy | Normal ECG and Chest x-ray | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e. . Central cyanosis with clubbing. TOF is the commonest cyanotic congenital* heart disease in children above the age of 2 years.The four constituents of Tetralogy are :Ventricular septal defect*Pulmonic stenosis*Overriding of dextroposed Aorta *Right ventricular hypertrophy *Physiologically the pulmonar... | Pediatrics | Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease |
e22acf59-7d54-4a8a-9487-b8c9b561c531 | Ferning of cervical mucus depends upon: | LH | FSH | Progesterone | Estrogen | 3d | single | The Ferning of the cervical mucus is because of the high estrogen content and its DOES NOT diagnose ovulation. Maximum before ovulation and once ovulation happens, the ferning actually reduces and finally disappears due to the high progesterone. This implies that loss of ferning pattern is suggestive of ovulation. Due ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Tests of Ovulation |
7c2fb41c-b231-4696-8fbe-a9d2f1d28aac | Neurotransmitter depleted in Parkinson's disease:September 2007 | Dopamine | Acetylcholine | Glutamate | GABA | 0a | single | Ans. A: DopamineParkinson's disease has both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic features. In this condition, which was originally described by James Parkinson and is named for him, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons degenerate. The fibers to the putamen are most severely affected.Dopaminergic neurons and dopamine recepto... | Physiology | null |
90eceaa9-ead0-464b-9b4c-0e81fb134c3e | Dangerous area of scalp is ? | Superficial fascia | Loose areolar tissue | Pericranium | Aponeurosis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Loose areolar tissueThe scalp consists of five layers:SkinClose network of connective tissue (superficial fascia)Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) with occipitofrontalis musclesLoose areolar (subaponeurotic) tissuePericranium (outer periosteum of skull)First three layers are intimately connected and mo... | Anatomy | null |
a0d9e728-a0c5-42e3-8252-94ae52b086b5 | A rickshaw tyre passed on a 8 year old child. Tyre marks were found on the body. This is an exmaple of: | Percolated bruise | Imprint abrasion | Contusion | Patterned bruise | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e. Imprint abrasion Real confusion in this question is between imprint abrasion and patterned bruising. In both imprint abrasion and patterned brusing there is mark or pattern of the object causing injury.* Abrasion is caused by friction and/or pressure between the skin and some rough object or surface. Fo... | Forensic Medicine | Death and Investigations |
b6cdede5-20e8-4d9d-b26b-c834e5824ff7 | What is present in the part of the bone which received radiotherapy - | Response to radiotherapy is good | Fast healing | More destruction of bone | Tumour regression is not affected | 2c | single | Infection and radiation, both cause bone destruction and predispose to pathological fracture. | Pathology | null |
f3b6d8cc-1a23-4b27-9405-443f6008ec27 | Beta hemihydrate particles absorb | more water | less water | no water | none of the above | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
dd830ca3-24d8-4df7-8c5e-489133b469de | Malate shuttle is important in ________ | Glycolysis only | Glycogenolysis | Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis | Glycogen synthesis | 2c | single | NADH cannot penetrate the mitochondrial membrane, but it is produced continuously in the cytosol by 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme in the glycolysis sequence.
The transfer of reducing equivalents is carried out by using the various shuttle systems.
Malate shuttle system is of more universal utility. U... | Biochemistry | null |
1bf7d4f6-d23b-496c-98dc-31736d6e9623 | Narrowest part of the urethra is- | External meatus | Membranous urethra | Bulbous urethra | Internal meatus | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
e973b652-7fda-49d7-9b4f-de37b1b06eb6 | Programmed cell death is known as- | Cytolysis | Apoptosis | Necrosis | Proptosis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Apoptosis o Programmed cell death is apoptosis. o But remember this impoant fact that not all apoptosis are programmed cell death (read text below) Apoptosis o Apoptosis is pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated intracellular program in which cell destined to die activate enzymes... | Pathology | null |
b67de6a6-5153-4ab4-b004-d3232f31b23a | All of the following are decreased in Nephrotic syndrome except : | Transferrin | Ceruloplasmin | Albumin | Fibrinogen | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Fibrinogen): Nephrotic syndrome is characteristically associated with increased fibrinogen levels Nephrotic syndrome is characteristically associated with increased fibrinogen levels - Hyper fibrinogenemia. This is due to increase hepatic synthesis, impaired fibrinolysis, and increased platelet aggregabili... | Medicine | null |
6d6bf4f5-725f-4a95-a785-2bd6ac94eb4f | Which of the following does not occur in a patient with gastrinoma - | Epigastric pain | Diarrhoea | Basal acid output (BAO) less than 15 mEq/litre | Serum gastrin levels >200 pg/ml | 2c | single | Laboratory Studies in gastrinoma Due to the elusive nature of the neoplasm, the diagnosis is based on the following 3 criteria: Fasting hypergastrinemia is present (>150 pg/mL with levels >100,000 pg/mL in some patients; a serum gastrin level >1,000 pg/mL in the appropriate clinical setting is viually diagnostic of Zol... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
0d266096-61c5-4609-8e16-19db23cd4323 | A school teacher gives consent for treating a child who becomes sick during a picnic away from home town. This type of consent is known as? | Paternalism | Loco Parentis | Vicarious liability | Novus Actus Interveniens | 1b | single | Loco Parentis: In an emergency involving children, when parents or guardians are not available, consent is taken from the person in charge of the child. Paternalism: Is an abuse of medical knowledge so as to disto the doctor-patient relationship in such a way that the patient is deprived of his autonomy, or his ability... | Forensic Medicine | null |
88713cee-71e1-494d-aad9-f442908a5963 | The "water act" passed in 1974 deals with: | Provision of adequate drinking water | Prevention of water pollution | Provision of adequate irrigation water | Provision for digging of wells | 1b | single | The Act provides for the creation of the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards. The main function of the Central Board is to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in the States. It also provides ceain functions in the nature of advice, planning, co-ordination, publications, education and... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4f520708-420d-4ed9-bdae-0c9f0ee2facf | A 80 year old patient presents with a midline tumor of the lower jaw, involving the alveolar margin. He is endentulous. Rx of choice is : | Hemimandibulectomy | Commando operation | Segmental mandiblectomy | Marginal mandibulectomy | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Segmented mandibulectomy The best t/t for such tumor is excision of the growth along with segmental mandibulectomy. Hemimandibulectomy would not be useful, as the tumor is midline. Since the bone is involved by the growth, marginal mandibulectomy would not be a good choice. | Surgery | null |
2df5982b-e379-4dad-9518-6527a403f504 | Ca Breast stage I and II managed by -a) Total mastectomyb) Modified radical mastectomyc) Lumpectomy and axillary clearanced) Lumpectomy, axillary clearance and radiotherapy | c | d | bd | ac | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
24e64e1a-15b0-4a9b-8ed0-1411b5cd02b2 | Modern monitors to measure ETCO2 make use of | Infrared absorption spectroscopy | Ultra violet rays | Laser technology | Scatter technology | 0a | single | Measurements of variations in the respiratory cycle of expired carbon dioxide by displayed waveform and by absolute numerical values is defined as Capnography and Capnometry respectivelyMeasurement of the exhaled CO2 at the level of upper airway at the end of expiration (when CO2 is at its maximum) is referred to as 3e... | Anaesthesia | All India exam |
dd45c6b2-527b-4dbb-8cf4-afafe78a8da3 | Flag sign is seen in ___________ | Marasmus | Kwashiorkor | Vitamin A deficiency | Rickets | 1b | single | In kwashiorkor, the hair is straight and hypopigmented. The length of hair that grows during the period of nutritional deprivation appears reddish brown. During the phases of better nutrition, the growing pa of hair gets appropriately pigmented. This gives the appearance of alternate bands of hypopigmented and normally... | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
d8084c92-f2b5-46e3-9ae7-01019d1a371a | A 30-year-old patient presented with features of acute meningoencephalitis in the casualty. His CSF on wet mount microscopy revealed motile unicellular microorganisms. The most likely organism is | Naegleria fowleri | Acanthamoeba castellan | Entamoeba histolytica | Trypanosoma cruzi | 0a | single | (A) Naegleria fowleri # The clinical syndrome associate a with N. fowleri infection is Primary 'amoebic' meningoencephalitis (RAM).> When naegleria are suspected they can be identified by their Motility in wet preparation.> Acute meningoencephalitis which can be caused by either Naegleria or Acanthamoeba. (Entamoeba hi... | Microbiology | Misc. |
c6f79b25-1462-49fd-98b7-5a9213befecb | The left subclan aery is a branch of : | Bracheocephalic trunk | Ascending aoa | Arch of aoa | Left common carotid | 2c | single | C i.e. Arch of aoa | Anatomy | null |
1285d99f-16cb-4666-a242-3ad21d2fb19a | Kamli Rani 75 yrs old woman present with post myocardial infarction after 6 weeks with mild CHF. He had a history of neck surgery for parathyroid adenoma 5 years ago. EKG shows slow arial fibrillation. Serum Ca+213.0 mg/L and urinary Ca+2 is 300 mg/24h. On examination a small mass is felt in the para tracheal position.... | Repeat neck surgery | Treatment with technetium - 99 | Observation and repeat serum Ca+2 in two months | Ultrasound - guided injection of alcohol injection into the mass | 3d | multi | The patient in the question is not a good candidate for surgical removal of parathyroid mass due to the underlying medical complications, so ultrasound guided alcohol injection is the most appropriate treatment. Ultrasound guided alcohol injection of the mass is used as an alternate therapy for patients with primary hy... | Surgery | null |
5c9c6bba-8e74-4f55-8e86-60d5b185e6d1 | Monocomponent insulin has all the following advantages except: | Can be used in pregnancy | Less hypoglycemic episodes | Longer duration of action | Less chances of lipodystrophy | 2c | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
02c0d7b8-ed9d-40a1-a8a7-0c8501d067a9 | The chromosomal complement of a primary oocyte is : | 23X | 23Y | 44XX | 44XY | 2c | single | 44XX | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ade1f143-ad15-4c35-8105-3edaab41698c | Hypocalcemia in child -All except? | Digeorge syndrome | Hypo parathyroidism | Magnesium deficiency | All of above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above Causes of hypocakemia Hypo parathyroidism Digeorge syndrome PTH receptor defect (pseudo hypoparathyroidism) Magnesium dificiency Exogenous organic phosphate excess Vit D difeciency | Pediatrics | null |
a637aad7-9b7a-474a-9c44-8c190f1b65dd | For development of alveolar PO2 of 60 mm Hg and high altitude illness to develop in an otherwise healthy person from sea level, rapid ascent to following height is required | 2,000 meters | 3,000 meters | 4,000 meters | 5,000 meters | 1b | single | People have different susceptible to altitude sickness,on an average it begins around 2000 to 3000 meters above sea level Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:375,376 | Physiology | General physiology |
f9746be0-3269-4d86-b3ac-61f03ca9becd | Drug causing decrease in late sodium current - | Nicorandil | Ranolazine | Trimetazidine | Molsidominc | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ranolazine o Ranolazine was initially assigned as paial fatty acid oxidation inhibitors. However, now it is believed that it acts by a different mechanism. It acts by blocking a late sodium current that facilitates calcium NCX (Sodium -Calcium exchanger) -4 Calcium overload and decrease left ventricul... | Pharmacology | null |
c926d94b-bb65-429f-8d3f-d8444886ca29 | Human papillomatosis is caused by? | INV | HPV | HIV | HBV | 1b | single | Ans. is b i.e., HPV Human upper respiratory papillomatosis is due to infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) type 6 and 11. | Microbiology | null |
8f6d874e-c8f0-418d-90b3-ca927a6881b3 | By the Factory Act the age for the child to work should minimum be (in years) | 14 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 0a | single | Ans. a (14). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th/pg.586)According to the Factory Act children below the age of 14 years should not work.FACTORY ACT- 1948Applicable towhole India except Jammu & Kashmir.Scope# Establishment >10 workers where power is used and > 20 where power is not used.# Minimum 500 Cu.ft of space for each worker.# ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Occupational Health |
251391b6-c2be-4fc5-84c5-4c91b8b87b98 | In organophosphorous poisoning, following are seen except: | Pupillary dilatation | Salivation | Bronchospasm | Sweating | 0a | multi | A i.e. Pupillary dilation | Forensic Medicine | null |
054d84b0-3ec2-4e1b-bc82-0fdbba5d8f09 | Epitheloid granuloma consists mainly of which type of cells: | B cells | T cells | Monocytes | Macrophages | 3d | single | Ans. D: Macrophages Macrophages/ histiocytes are the cells that define a granuloma. They often, but not invariably, fuse to form multinucleated giant cells. The macrophages in granulomas are often referred to as "epithelioid". Epithelioid macrophages differ from ordinary macrophages in that they have elongated nuclei t... | Pathology | null |
24a37e56-9916-46f9-837e-4c8f77395d7e | Which of the following drugs causes extra pyramidal symptoms: | Antibiotics | Salicylates | Barbiturates | Phenothiazines | 3d | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
a9e47fdc-a237-467f-9afb-e21d1bc0268c | Nexus criteria in trauma is used for | Intubation | Burns resuscitation | Blood transfusion | Taking X-Ray cervical spine | 0a | single | Ref: ALTS, 10th edition Pgno: 140 | Surgery | Trauma |
0998ed0f-df83-4d57-a226-68bc0f6ff9e3 | Lower first molar has which of the following occlusal shapes | Pentagonal | Trapezoid | Rectangular | Any of the above | 3d | multi | In previous question only one has to be selected so answer should be Pentagonal. But other occlusal forms are also found in lower first molar. | Dental | null |
c3b039c0-4438-4c88-8bbb-82ef732a6408 | Which of following lesion shows characteristic anagen, catagen, telogen phase: | Kerato acanthoma. | Basal cell carcinoma | Leukoplakia | Squamous cell carcinoma | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
e7017f0e-b7db-4907-b861-96c34df44236 | The efficacy of the moist heat sterilization technique commonly used to sterilize laboratory ware and culture media is tested by using (OR) Sterilisation control for moist heat is | using Bacillus stearothermophilus | using non-pathogenic strain of clostridium tetani | using chemical indicator | using methylene blue | 0a | single | null | Microbiology | null |
16b38f91-7f5d-4290-9a84-9846d6448d71 | "Barefoot Doctors" were from which type of medicine? | Mesopotamian Medicine | Greek Medicine | Indian Medicine | Chinese Medicine | 3d | single | Barefoot doctors are farmers who received minimal basic medical and paramedical training and worked in rural villages in China. Their purpose was to bring health care to rural areas where urban-trained doctors would not settle. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
cc49ce75-c23e-47ac-87a8-08333e6739dd | Oxygenated blood is carried to the fetus by? | Umbilical aery | Umbilical vein | Ductus venosus | Hypogastric aery | 1b | single | - Umbilical vein -> carries oxygenated, nutrient rich blood from placenta to fetus - Umbilical aeries -> carries deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta for oxygenation - Ductus venosus -> shunt that allows oxygenated blood from umbilical veins directly into inferior vena cava - Hypogastric aery -> aka internal iliac... | Pediatrics | Fetal circulation |
b1987595-4144-4f57-b457-46b01476edd9 | The earliest sign of iron deficiency anaemia- | Increase in iron binding capacity | Decrease in serum ferritin level | Decrease in serum iron level | All the above | 1b | multi | The first stage in the development of iron deficiency anaemia is the depletion of storage iron. The iron reserves are lost without compromise of iron supply for erythropoesis.Therefore the earliest sign is decreased serum ferritin level indicating poor tissue iron stores. Reference : Harsh Mohan textbook of pathology, ... | Pathology | Haematology |
383a259b-7fd7-4a36-8222-3001caf9d33e | A 63-year-old man undergoes a paial gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction for intractable peptic ulcer disease. He presents several months postoperatively with a megaloblastic anemia. Which of the following is the best treatment for this surgical complication? | Transfusion with 1 unit of packed red blood cells | Oral iron supplementation | Oral vitamin B12 supplementation | Intravenous vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) supplementation | 3d | single | Either megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency (due to lack of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for B12 absorption and is normally produced by the parietal cells of the stomach) or microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency (due to decreased iron intake and impaired absorption in the duodenum) can result a... | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia |
a41a62f3-ee4a-4542-b245-f41f75803c9a | Gold standard procedure to reduce recurrence of pterygium after surgical excision is | Thiotepa | B- radiation | Conjunctival autograft | Amniotic membrane grafting | 3d | single | Gold standard procedure to reduce recurrence of pterygium after surgical excision is amniotic membrane grafting. | Ophthalmology | null |
2f9d5f5e-4e5d-43c7-9590-28c3acb8d14c | A 40 yr female progressive dyspnoea from 1 yr. She also has b/I bibasilar end inspiratpory crepitation.True statement are :a) May be assocated with connective tissue diseaseb) Residual volume ↑edc) ↑ Total Lung Capacityd) HRCT is useful diagontic teste) FEV1 1/FVC ratio ↑ed | acd | ade | abd | ad | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
dfc453a3-d256-4456-8aa3-00fc6f3d9734 | who gave the concept of id pa of mind | bleuler | lorenz | erikson | freud | 3d | single | CONTRIBUTIONS OF FREUD o Father of psychoanalysis He founded a type of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis. It is nothing but analyzing the psych(MIND) o Interpretation of dreams According to Freud dreams are royal road to unconscious In dreams several conflicts that are present in the unconscious comes to the consciou... | Anatomy | Treatment in psychiatry |
177662c9-147a-4ee6-8197-7fb9d87e5a52 | Cross-product ratio is estimated by ? | Coho study | Case-control study | Cross sectional study | Field trial | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Case-control studyOdds - ratio (cross product ratio)From a case control study odds ratio can be derived which a measure of the strength of association between risk factor and outcome.Odds ratio is closely related to relative risk (which is analysed in coho study) 4 odds ratio represents only an estima... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9708fa92-9600-4bc0-bfcd-e0f52e05d581 | A 25-year-old man presents with a blue right arm with absent radial pulse and painful passive finger extension following a supracondylar fracture of humerus. He is suffering from: | Sudeck's atrophy | Median nerve injury | Compartment syndrome | Myositis ossificans | 2c | single | Ans. C. Compartment syndromeFracture can lead to ischemia in the distal limb by direct injury to the blood vessel or by the effect of oedema increasing the pressure within the osteo fascial compartment which limits perfusion. In compartment syndrome, the increased pressure can lead to profound ischemia with necrosis of... | Orthopaedics | Injuries Around Arm & Elbow |
13719463-2a2d-4187-b241-ddab72377579 | Baholin gland is related to vagina | Lateral wall | Posterior wall | Anterior wall | Superior wall | 0a | multi | The Baholin's glands are two pea-sized compound racemose gland located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral gland in males. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg394 | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
679648de-22bb-4459-a23d-d1ee6042ee33 | A diabetic patient has black necrotic mass in nose, most likely causes is: | Mucormycosis | Aspergillus | Histoplasmosis | Candidiasis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.Mucormycosis Mucormycosis is a fungal infection of nose and paranasal sinuses which may prove rapidly fatal if untreated.lt is seen in uncontrolled diabetes or in those taking immunosuppressive drugs.Treatment is by amphotericin B* and surgical debridement.Remember :Most common fungal infection of nose ... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
35399572-4e81-45f5-8087-becbe709bd9b | An African presented with itching with rashes and inguinal lymph nodes. Skin snips shows microfilariae which are non-sheathed. The most probable organism will be: | Wuchereria bancrofti | Brugia malayi | Brugia timori | Mansonella streptocerca | 3d | single | Mansonella streptocerca is transmitted by biting midges. The major clinical manifestations involve the skin and include pruritus, papular rashes, and pigmentation changes. Many infected individuals have inguinal adenopathy, although most are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made by detection of the characteristic microfi... | Microbiology | null |
071e2a09-46b7-484c-a4b3-bc222a2473b4 | What is the most common loss of sense above 70 years? | Proprioception | Vibration | Touch | Pressure | 1b | multi | (B) Vibration > Vibration sense is the most common to be lost in old age. | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
a4aaf751-b12b-4645-afa8-cb610341610a | Clergyman's knee involves ? | Olecranon bursa | Suprapatellar bursa | Infrapatellar bursa | Prepatellar bursa | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., lnfrapatellar bursa | Surgery | null |
d7c1bd66-22e1-434d-8acd-ef0d57b2c94b | A drug with plasma half life of 12 hours is administered twice a day. A drug with plasma half life of 12 hours is administered twice a day. Steady state plasma concentration reached is 300 mg/dl. Which of the following statements about this drug is not true? | Plasma concentration will be approximately 260 mg/d1 after three half lives of initiation of therapy | Intravenous administration will always achieve a higher concentration than oral route | After changing the dose, plasma concentration should be measured after 3 days | Doubling the dose, will double the plasma concentration after 3 days | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Intravenous administration will always achieve a higher concentration than oral route | Pharmacology | null |
23c4d556-4f92-408f-b2fc-c15ad2dec7d2 | Laminated concretions of calcium and proteins are - | Schaumann's bodies | Ferrugenious bodies | Asteroid bodies | Gamm Gandy bodies | 0a | single | Ref:Textbook of pathology (Harsh mohan) 6th edition,page no.165 Schaumann's bodies or conchoid (conch like) bodies which are concentric laminations of calcium and of iron salts, complexed with proteins.The giant cells in sarcoid granulomas contain ceain cytoplasmic inclusions Schaumann's bodies is one of them others ar... | Pathology | Respiratory system |
89449b3f-aee9-4894-a02e-125138c9a4c4 | Mrs. X, 25years old with a history of 2 previous pregnancies, and now 28weeks of gestation her gravidity is | Nulligravida | G1 | G2 | G3 | 3d | single | Nulligravida: a woman who currently is not pregnant and has never been pregnant.Gravida: a woman who currently is pregnant or has been in the past, irrespective of the pregnancy outcome. With the establishment of the first pregnancy, she becomes a primigravida, and with successive pregnancies, a multigravida.Reference:... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
e75f8b1b-0b43-426a-ab4f-8b2e929f61af | Lovibond angle is: | Angle between the iris and cornea | Angle between the long axis of the forearm and the long axis of upper arm | Angle between nail bed and proximal nail fold | Angle between manubrium sternum and body of sternum | 2c | single | Lovibond angle or Hyponychial angle - Angle between nail bed and proximal nail fold - Normally around 1600. - It is >1800 in digital clubbing. It is described as a 'profile sign' | Medicine | Thromboembolism and Fat Embolism Syndrome |
3e931d42-8759-434b-8b86-f281385258ef | Which of the following is a Rave drug? | Cocaine | Methamphetamine | Heroin | Cannabis | 1b | single | Rave drugs are used for recreational purpose in parties.
Methamphetamine, LSD and Ketamine are the important Rave drugs. | Psychiatry | null |
bd9bb4f2-a1ee-4c33-ae83-b61839b5aba0 | Triangle of koch is made by: | Posterior leaf-let of mitral valve | Coronary sinus opening | Superior vena cava opening | All | 1b | multi | B i.e. Coronary sinus opening | Anatomy | null |
44023f26-f6dd-442a-925e-533516a48f21 | Density of cells in adult corneal endothelium is | 2000 cells/mm2 | 3000 cells/mm2 | 4000 cells/mm2 | 5000 cells/mm2 | 1b | single | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 95 - 96)The cell density of corneal endothelium is around 3000 cells/mm2 in young adults, which decreases with the advancing age | Ophthalmology | Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus |
e29d373b-df8d-46a8-ab11-d147e11951f8 | The National Population Policy 2001 aims to achieve net reproduction rate of 1 by the year ? | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2050 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2010 Objectives of National Population Policy 2000 Immediate objectives: To meet unmet need of contraception; to strengthen health infrastructure; to strengthen health personnel and to promote integrated service delivery for basic RCH care Mid term objective: 'To bring the total feility rate (TFR) to ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
3cc1adf3-c93d-4e18-89be-f5fda9538650 | Serum marker to return to normal level, last in myocardial infarction is: | Lactate dehydrogenase | Creatine phosphokinase | Aspaate transmainase | Myoglobin | 0a | single | Enzymes in MILDH is the last enzyme to rise (3-4 days) and also the last enzyme to return to normal level in MI (10-15 days)CPK returns to normal by 2-3 daysAST/ SCOT returns to normal by 4-5 daysMyoglobin returns to normal by 20-25 hours | Biochemistry | null |
1ad6eeb6-c907-4039-9a46-cf93d8135a95 | A 55-year-old male presented with painless terminal hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed a solitary papillary tumor. Histopathological examination of the completely resected tumor is suggestive of grade III transitional cell carcinoma with no muscle invasion. further management of this patient is best done by | Just follow up | Intravesical chemotherapy | Intravesical BCG | Cystectomy | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
b0be109c-f8fe-437c-81cc-fb6f1a28f152 | Which of the following is a new drug available to treat multi drug resistant tuberculosis? | Bedaquiline | Rifampicin | Linezolid | Cefepime | 0a | single | Ans. a. Bedaquiline (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1115. 205e- 7)Two novel drugs belonging to two new antibiotic classes--the diarylquinoline bedaquiline and the nitroimidazole delamanid--have recently been approved for use in severe cases of MDR-TB by stringent regulatory authorities."Two novel drugs belonging to two new antibi... | Medicine | Bacteriology |
8b5bd0c6-f20e-46ee-ad64-a306877fbb3d | A most common cause of erythema multiforme – | Herpes simplex | DM | Pityriasis rosae | Erysipelas | 0a | single | Most of the cases of erythema multiforme are idiopathic, but amongst the known causes, HSV is the most important cause. | Dental | null |
d655f73b-bd6c-4302-8736-1d9485c0f1a5 | Berkesonian bias is a type of | Selection bias | Interviewer bias | Information bias | Recall bias | 0a | multi | A special example of bias is berkesonian bias termed after doctor Joseph berkeson who recognized this problem. The bias arises because of different rates of admission to hospitals for people with different diseases (refer pgn:74 park 23 rd edition ) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
57253b53-58aa-4528-a425-57c49dd0ead3 | The daily extra calorie requirement in first trimester of pregnancy is - | 50 | 150 | 350 | 450 | 2c | single | For pregnant woman the extra energy requirement is 350kcal.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-588 table no.29. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health |
5131f7aa-e9fe-4acc-aecf-6487c8ad6fa4 | Best treatment for glioblastoma multiforme: | Chemotherapy | Radiation | Excision with radiation | Stereotactic surgery | 2c | single | Ans. C. Excision with radiation* These are highly infiltrative tumors, and the areas of increased T2/FLAIR signal surrounding the main tumor mass contain invading tumor cells.* Treatment involves maximal surgical resection followed by partial-field external beam radiotherapy (6000cGy in thirty 200-cGy fractions) with c... | Medicine | Oncology |
7cc39d9a-9d4c-4c8e-9c1e-237b16d2854a | A patient comes to hospital with a history of sore throat, diarrhoea and sexual contact 2 weeks before. The best investigation to rule out HIV is | P24 antigen assay | ELISA | Western blot | Lymph node biopsy | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
6044e2db-f865-40bf-b3ce-6d6fdad8bebd | Pentostatin inhibits | Dihydrofolate reductose | Adenosine deaminase | Thymidylate synthase | Uridylate synthose | 1b | single | Pentostatin is a purine analogue that inhibits Adenosine deaminase. It is used in cases of Hairy cell leukemia (Doc: Uadiribine). | Pharmacology | null |
b7f629b4-ce73-48f0-a303-f47a94cd16ea | Alkalinization of urine is done in which of the following drug poisoning ? | Amphetamine | Morphine | Phenobarbitone | Digoxin | 2c | single | null | Forensic Medicine | null |
0ef4b06f-20b6-445f-90a3-6b8361155976 | All of the following are true about cold sterilization except | It causes breakage of DNA without temperature rise | It includes x-rays,gamma rays and cosmic rays | It destroys spores,Vegetative cells and viruses | It is used for sterilization of catgut sutures, bone and tissue grafts | 2c | multi | It destroys spores and vegetative cells but not effective against viruses. | Microbiology | null |
dc9e7806-89b8-4f43-9f5b-d48a98fda67c | Drug used in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation is: | Lubiprostone | Loperamide | Alosetron | Clonidine | 0a | single | Ans. (A) Lubiprostone(Ref: Katzung 11/e p1080)Lubiprostone acts by stimulating Cl- channel opening in the intestine, increasing liquid secretion in gut and decreasing transit time, therefore used for chronic constipation. It has also been approved for constipation dominant irritable bowel syndrome in women. | Pharmacology | G.I.T |
86d8af81-604e-45ce-9fd0-c0ea41cf9d71 | A condition, which occurs in puberty and in the absence
of large amounts of supragingival plague and resulting in angular bone defects in the first molar and incisor region is called | Generalized juvenile periodontitis | Localized juvenile periodontitis | Desquamate gingivitis | Chronic periodontitis | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
b79330f5-50ac-4788-9ef0-bee9492431bc | Polychromatic lusture is seen in : | Complicated cataract | Diabetes mellitus | Post radiation cataract | Congenital cataract | 0a | single | A i.e. Complicated cataract Complicated cataract (i.e. cataract secondary to some intraocular disease) may be - Anterior coical Q in anterior segmental lesions as glaucoma, acute iritis, or, - Posterior coical Q in posterior segmental lesions as uveitis, RD, pigmentary retinal dystrophy. The second type of complicated ... | Ophthalmology | null |
8898c315-f99e-4e0c-bd79-e00e7699e908 | ROSE questionnaire is used for | Alcohol addiction | Sex addiction | Angina assessment | DVT assessment | 2c | single | The Rose Angina Questionnaire (RAQ) was developed in 1962 to detect ischemic hea pain (angina pectoris and myocardial infarction) for epidemiological field-surveys.1 Since then, the RAQ has been used in many countries to detect coronary hea disease (CHD) in epidemiological research . Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 460 | Medicine | C.V.S |
6c0ed82e-95dd-4f3b-8cee-54c7e5645a17 | Hand foot syndrome is seen with which anticancer drug? | Cisplatin | 5-fluorouracil | Methotrexate | Imatinib | 1b | single | Ans. B. 5-fluorouracilHand and foot syndrome is caused by 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, doxorubicin. Cisplatin is highly emetic and nephrotoxic drug. Methotrexate is hepatotoxic. | Pharmacology | Anti-Cancer |
1635e48f-815f-4015-aa80-79ecc412e48b | Coloured halos are seen in all, except –a) Mucopurulent conjunctivitis b) Acute anterior uveitisc) Tetracyclined) Glaucoma | bc | c | ac | ad | 0a | multi | Coloured halos are not seen in acute anterior uveitis and this is one of the differentiating points between acute anterior uveitis and acute angle closure glaucoma
Tetracycline does not cause coloured halos.
Important drugs causing coloured halos
Amiodarone
A... | Ophthalmology | null |
adcbd52a-dd24-4b67-914a-d0a00239ce71 | Uses of tumor marker are all except : | Screening of a cancer | Follow up of a cancer patient, esp. for knowing about recurrence | Confirmation of a diagnosed cancer | For monitoring the treatment of a cancer | 2c | multi | Tumor markers are not specific, so, cannot be used for confirmation of diagnosis. Confirmation is done by biopsy Examples: PSA Prostate cancer Ig Multiple myeloma hCG Choriocarcinoma Calcitonin Medulaary thyroid cancer Catecholamines Pheochromocytoma CEA Colon ca, Pancreatic ca CA 15.3 Breast cancer CA 19-9 Pancreatic ... | Pathology | Etiological Factors of Neoplasia |
2d915186-9fa5-4dd6-9cf1-c7812000fde7 | Titration of the dose of a drug with the response can be done with which of the following routes of administration: | Sublingual | Transdermal | Inhalational | Subcutaneous | 2c | single | - Titration of drug dosage can be done only with the inhalational route of administration among the given options. | Pharmacology | null |
527b2ea5-0ebe-4fe1-a08c-80f1c801e7f3 | Urban malaria is caused by | Anopheles culicifacies | Anopheles stephensi | Anopheles sundaicus | Anopheles flulis | 1b | multi | Anopheles Mosquito There are over 55 species of anopheline mosquitoes in India causing malaria An.culicifacies - Vector of rural malaria An.stephensi - Vector of urban malaria; Breed in overhead tanks An.flutilis- Efficient vector, highly anthrophilic, breed in moving water An.sundaicus : Breed in brackish water An.dir... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
bab68c3e-1a10-4807-a87c-320381df9664 | Procedure to be performed in the case of arrest of after-coming head due to contracted pelvis in breech: | Craniotomy | Decapitation | Zavanelli maneuver | Cleidotomy | 2c | single | Ans is c, i.e. Zavanelli maneuverRef Williams, 24/e, p 567The last rescue for entrapped fetal head in term fetus is replacement of the fetus higher into the vagina and uterus followed by cesarean delivery. This is called as Zavanelli maneuver.In preterm babies, last resort for entrapment of after-coming head of breech ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Malpresentation |
5eeff1eb-62ce-480a-a27f-d61cd173439d | Glanzmann thrombasthenia is due to | Decreased GpIb | Decreased GpIIb/IIa | Anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies | Inhibition or deficiency of ADAMTS 13 | 1b | single | Glanzmann thrombasthenia is an autosomal recessive disorder. There is a failure of primary platelet aggregation with ADP or collagen due to inherited deficiency of two platelets membrane glycoproteins. It is caused due to deficiency of glycoprotein IIb- IIa. | Pathology | null |
afe4e0da-292c-4a81-97a7-592225c549a2 | A patient with conjunctival infection, which lead to corneal perforation, was positive for Gram-negative coccoid appearance on Gram stain. Fuher investigation showed small translucent colourless organism which is oxidase positive. What could be the most probable causative organism- | Moraxella catarrhalis | Neisseria gonorrhea | Psedomonas aeruginosa | Acinetobacter actinatus | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Neisseria gonorrhea | Microbiology | null |
6562ef6c-0e55-4e77-ac60-ee46c604fa3f | CALCULUS all are true except: | Supragingival calculus is brown in colour | Hard and gritty | Calcified from plaque | Subgingival calculus is more difficult to remove than supragingival calculus | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
0702ddb7-04ff-4b1d-874d-6b10c7b2a34a | Pseudohyponatremia can be seen in - | Multiple myeloma | Diarrhea | Vomiting | CHF | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Multipe myeloma Causes of Hyponatremia* Pseudohyponatremia# Hyperlipidemia# Hyperproteinemia (multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia)* Dilutional# Hyperglycemia* Hypovolemic hyponatremia : decreased total body sodium with a relatively greater increase in total body water# Heart failure# Chronic renal fai... | Medicine | Fluid & Electrolyte |
01fef5d1-c5ed-4a09-a15f-d958a57b9a77 | Most common parotid gland tumor is: | Warthins tumor | Mucoepidermoid carcinoma | Pleomorphic adenoma | Adenoid cystic Carcinoma | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Pleomorphic adenomaRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. / 732PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA* Overall most common tumor of salivary gland* MC benign salivary gland tumor* MC tumor of major salivary glands* MC site is parotid tail (superficial lobe).Also Know* 2nd MC benign tumor of parotid gland: Warthin's tumor* MC malignant tumo... | Surgery | Thyroid Gland |
373a5018-6446-4fba-8cf9-4248f3ac0b51 | Metabolic alkalosis is seen in- | Primary mineralocoicoid excess | Deficiency of mineralocoicoid | Decreased acid excretion | Decreased base excretion | 0a | single | Mineralocoicoid excess increases net acid excretion and may result in metabolic alkalosis, which may be worsened by associated K+ deficiency. ECFV expansion from salt retention causes hypeension. The kaliuresis persists because of mineralocoicoid excess and distal Na+ absorption causing enhanced K+ excretion, continued... | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes |
f065d4c4-d093-474f-bd1c-705752b59162 | A 30-year-old woman complains of recent easy fatigability, bruising, and recurrent throat infections. Physical examination reveals numerous petechiae over her body and mouth. Abnormal laboratory findings include hemoglobin of 6 g/dL, WBC of 1,500/mL, and platelets of 20,000/mL. The bone marrow is hypocellular and displ... | Aplastic anemia | Iron-deficiency anemia | Megaloblastic anemia | Leukemia | 0a | single | - Given features suggests the diagnosis of Aplastic anemia - Aplastic anemia is a disorder of pluripotent stem cells causing bone marrow failure resulting in hypocellular bone marrow & pancytopenia - Most cases are idiopathic. - Iron-deficiency anemia (choice B) and megaloblastic anemia (choice C) are not characterized... | Pathology | Aplastic Anemia |
d578c856-e21c-42d8-85aa-c083d5ffd26a | Two most impoant test to be done in a comatose patient with blood glucose of 750mg/d1 will be: | Serum creatinine | Serum sodium | CSF examination | All | 0a | multi | Answer is A (Serum creatinine) Presence of blood glucose of 750mg/d1 in a comatose patient suggests a possible diagnosis of non ketotic "hyperglycemic coma or diabetic ketoacidosis. Amongst the options provided estimation of blood pH will help establish a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis while estimation of serum cre... | Medicine | null |
aa2dc458-b95d-4125-a7b5-df260aba1a72 | Which is not a dervative of cannabis? | Charas | Ganja | Heroin | Bhang | 2c | single | Cannabis also is known as Dagga in South andCentral Africa and Hashish in Egypt as many preparations Marijuana (marihuana/mary jane/pot/weed/grass): The most commonly abused form of Cannabis is marijuana, which is dried plant material including cut leaves, flowering tops, stems, and seeds. Hashish (charas): It is dark ... | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning |
00b53949-9c9a-48f4-8897-df640683fb32 | Kussmaul's sign is positive in
a. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
b. Constrictive pericarditis
c. Cardiac tamponade
d. Dilated cardiomyopathy
e. Pneumothorax | a,b,e | a,b | a,c,d,e | a,b,c,d,e | 1b | single | Kussmaul's sign is rise in JVP with inspiration. It is seen in constrictive pericarditis and Restrictive cardiomyopathy. | Medicine | null |
274aeedf-7b3a-46ec-955f-a1a020c0fc3a | Beheaded Scottish terrier sign is – | Spondylosis | Spondylolisthesis | Lumbar canal stenosis | Slipped disc | 1b | single | Oblique view of spine displays the lamina and articular processes more clearly than the classical anteroposterior & lateral views. The shadow of the neural arch resembles that of Scottish terrier dog.
Spondylolysis → Scotty dog wearing a collar sign.
Spondylolisthesis → (i) Beheaded Scotty dog sign;
... | Radiology | null |
b588061b-fc7e-49c3-ad68-92c8ab2599ad | Giant papillary conjunctivitis is most commonly seen in: | Allergic response to MTB | Soft contact lens | Intacs | Rigid gas permeable lens | 1b | multi | Giant Papillary conjunctivitis is a type of allergic inflammation affecting the superior tarsal conjunctiva Seen in soft contact lens user Etiology- d/t allergic reaction to antigens deposited on the surface of lens/prosthesis Soft hydropilic contact lens use Chronic hypoxia beneath the upper lid Mechanical irritation ... | Ophthalmology | Disorders of Conjunctiva |
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