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135
a9f47459-4ba5-4785-a353-02f527cde762
A 19 year old boy suffering from chronic schizophrenia is put on haloperidol in the dose of 20 mg/day. A week after the initiation of medication the patient shows restlessness, fidgety, irritability and cannot sit still in one place. The most appropriate treatment strategy is -
Increase in the dose of haloperidol
Addition of anticholinergic drug
Addtion of beta blocker
Adding another antipsychotic drug
2c
single
Restlessness, fidgety, irritability and inability to sit still at one place in a patient, one week after initiation of antipsychotic (haloperidol) suggest the diagnosis of Akathisia. "The first line drug for akathisia is most commonly a β-blocker".
Psychiatry
null
930a8614-e3c1-47ac-b428-7e08c56751b0
The size of periapical film used in adults is
21 x 31 mm
31 x 41 mm
22 x 35 mm
None of the above
1b
multi
null
Radiology
null
fce566f1-2c32-445c-a91e-066cac0f8bb6
Pap smear of Lelawati 45-years female shows CIN grade III. Which of the following is the next step in management:
Punch biopsy
Large loop excision
Colposcopy directed biopsy
Cone biopsy
2c
multi
Ans. is c, i.e. Colposcopy directed biopsyRef: CGDT 10th/ed, p837, 841; Harrison 17th/ed, p608; Williams Gynecology 1st/ed, p628, Table 29-6 William Gynae 3rd/ed, p629
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Carcinoma Cervix
dd34bc4f-8327-4c6e-8cb5-c163856a2d70
Among the causes of rib notching are:
Coarctation of aoa
Congenital interruption of aoa
Chronic superior venacava obstruction
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. All of the above
Radiology
null
42af8f73-289f-4cdd-bd5b-2171576b1002
A body is brought to you for autopsy. The suspected cause of death is drowning. Which of the following would you NOT expect to find in this body?
Diatoms in the bone marrow
Miosis
Fine copious froth from the mouth
Cutis anserina
1b
single
In drowning the pupils are dilated. Findings in case of drowning are: 1) Fine froth from the mouth 2) Weeds clenched tightly in the hands 3) Water in stomach 5) Diatoms in brain and bone marrow 5) Dilated pupils 6) Cutis anserina 7) Paltauf haemorrhage Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Narayan Reddy,...
Forensic Medicine
null
014bdc62-13ba-4180-98b1-af42de624f88
Which of the following neurotransmitter is having only inhibitory action?
GABA
Glutamine
Aspaate
All of the above
0a
multi
GABA is the major inhibitory mediator in the brain and mediates both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition. GABA, which exists as -aminobutyrate in the body fluids, is formed by decarboxylation of glutamate by the enzymeglutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which is present in nerve endings in many pas of the brain. Glutama...
Biochemistry
null
79c1f4f6-0eba-4a2f-ad1f-5f0f1b4fac01
Virulence factors for meningococci -a) Capsuleb) Pili c) Endotoxind) Coagulasee) M. Protein
ac
abc
ade
bc
1b
single
Virulence factor of Meningococcus: Refer text (chapter review) for explanation: Option d: Coagulase is a Virulence factor for Staphylococcus Option e: M protein is a Virulence factor for Streptococcus. Ref: Apurba Sastry’s Essentials of Medical Microbiology 1/e p236
Microbiology
null
0f3b0738-c30e-42b1-aeb6-3ace6e7f7129
Vasopressin inhibited by:
Alcohol
Carbamazepine
Clofibrate
Chlorpropamide
0a
single
Ref: Goodman & Gillman, The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th edition, Pg No. 708.Explanation:Lithium and Demeclocycline are the other drugs which inhibits the action of vasopressinLithium reduce the V2 receptor mediated stimulation of adenylyl cyclaseIt also increases PTH which is an antagonist of LithiumDem...
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
2492ff46-47af-4a25-a01b-343108556e5c
Dislufiram acts by blocking
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
all of the above
1b
multi
DISULFIRAM is a DETERRANT which acts by blocking acetaldehyde dehydrogenase When acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is blocked there will be increased amount of acetaldehyde that acts on mast cells and results in release of histamine that in turn leads to allergic reaction. Thus when a patient on disulfiram takes alcohol there...
Psychiatry
Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification
8d960f53-4590-43f8-835a-6f776efc76fa
Duration of action of Lidocaine with adrenaline
15-30 minutes
30-60 minutes
2-3 hours
3-6 hours
2c
single
Duration of action of lidocaine with adrenaline is 2-3 hours. Adrenaline enhances both speed and quality of block, It also prolong effect of lignocaine and reduce the peak blood level and toxicity by reducing the local blood supply duration of action of lidocaine whithout adrenaline is 30-90min
Anaesthesia
Regional anaesthesia
06fac30c-eb5c-40e8-b407-bf0a4397b26d
Osmotic damage is operative in all of the following complications of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT
The formation of cataracts
Insulin receptor deficiency
Microaneurysms in retinal vessels
Peripheral neuropathy
1b
multi
Osmotic damage is inoperative in insulin- receptor deficiency. Insulin-receptor deficiency is the result of an increase in adipose, which down regulates receptor synthesis, and chronic elevation of glucose (glucose toxicity), which renders the receptors less receptive to insulin.
Pathology
null
9a81ea72-a99e-4c43-b656-d27e9a3d4eb3
Which of the following is the clinical feature of intermittent claudication?
Pain in leg
Pain in leg on rest
Pain in leg only on exercise
Cyanosis of leg
2c
single
Intermittent claudication refers to pain in muscles of the lower extremity associated with walking and relieved by rest. The pain is a deep-seated ache usually in the calf muscle, which gradually progresses until the patient is compelled to stop walking. Relief of symptoms is not dependent upon sitting or other positio...
Surgery
null
e1025f1a-2927-42e2-b223-8aa30151b321
Rate controlling enzyme of fatty acid synthesis
Thioesterase
Transacetylase
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Ke tacyl synthase
2c
single
Carboxylation of Acetyl CoA The first step in the fatty acid synthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA. The acetyl CoA carboxylase is not a pa of the multienzyme complex. But it is the rate-limiting enzyme. Biotin, a member of B complex vitamins, is necessary for this reaction (step 1 in Fig. 11....
Biochemistry
Metabolism of lipid
40248fc6-bf17-4a10-a326-57d66dfd1a95
Which of the following is true of shoulder joint?
Composed of only 2 joints
Anterior posterior gliding of s capula of never occurs
Acromio clavicular joint is more impoant
Allows flexion, rotation and abduction
3d
multi
D i.e. Allows flexion, rotation & abduction * The three joints in shoulder complex are sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and gleno- humeral joints.* The glenohumeral joint is a synol ball and socket aiculation between the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula. It is the most impoant joint of shoulder com...
Surgery
null
86171a11-5793-4d64-916a-7305e7291302
Goblet cells are present in
Trachea
Jejunum
Epididymis
Ileum
0a
single
The lumen of the trachea is lined with mucous membrane that consists of a lining epithelium and an underlying layer of connective tissue. The lining epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar. It contains numerous goblet cells and basal cells that lie next to the basement membrane.Ref: Inderbir Singh&;s Textbook ...
Anatomy
General anatomy
9d384f9c-46cd-4191-b707-daa71ea772a9
Fluoroqinolone with least oral bioavailability-
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Norfloxacin Pharmacokinetic characteristics and doses of fluoroquinolones C1PROFLNORFLPEFLOFLLEVOFLGEM1PRULIMOXI1. Oral bioavailability (%)60-8035-4590-10085-95-1007090852. Plasma protein binding (%)20-351520-30252555-7345403. Vo!, of distribution (L/kg)3-4221.51.3----24. Percent metabolized2025855-10...
Pharmacology
Quinolones
e1f4d515-4af2-45ee-8fb3-a0ef39c9cb47
7-methyl guanosine is added as a cap on mRNA. This methyl group is donated by:
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM)
Methenyl THF
Tetra hydro Folate (THF)
Vit B12
0a
single
Capping is a post transcriptional modification. 7-methyl guanosine cap is added at the 5'end of mRNA by Guanylyl Transferase. Methyl group is donated by SAM (S-Adenosyl Methionine) by enzyme Guanine-7-Methyl Transferase, which occurs in cytoplasm (rest all post transcriptional modifications occur in nucleus). This cap ...
Biochemistry
Transcription
ca91084e-6e41-489b-9348-eb680741fd77
All are the Complication of CVP line except
Airway injury
Haemothroax
Air embolism
Septicemia
0a
multi
Complications of CVP are air embolism, thromboembolism; cardiac arrhythmias; Pneumothorax; hemothorax; Chylothorax; Cardiac tamponade; Sepsis; Trauma to the phrenic nerve, Carotid artery (can cause pseudoaneurysm) & brachial plexus.
Anaesthesia
null
a6225155-7aa2-4143-a825-7a6fa2832ec6
Increased 5 Hydroxy-Indole-acetic acid in urine is seen in:
Pheochromocytoma
Ogilvie syndrome
Carcinoid syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
2c
single
Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine tumors of Argentaffin cells that secrete serotonin. 5 Hydroxy-Indole-acetic acid(5-HIAA) is a metabolites of Tryptophan/Serotonin that is clasically elevated in typical carcinoid tumors. Urinary excretion of HIAA is diagnostic test for identification of Carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid Tu...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of protein and amino acid
9fa866c3-7f06-4992-ad26-147a0e8fd233
The most severe form of respiratory complication in influenza virus infection is:
Primary viral pneumonia
Secondary pseudomonal pneumonia
Acute pneumatocele
Bilateral pleural effusion
0a
single
Primary influenza viral pneumonia is the least common but most severe of the pneumonic complications. The most common bacterial pathogens causing secondary bacterial pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae. Ref:Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Pa...
Medicine
null
84ee8295-914b-4de1-9a35-d26b8752be4c
Binary (secondary) exposure to an antigen results in sudden increase in -
IgA
IgD
IgG
IgM
2c
single
Secondary response: the response to subsequent stimuli with the same antigen. Usually 100-1000 times more than primary response. IgG is responsible for the secondary response. Reference: Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:146 <\p>
Microbiology
Immunology
8164b122-5296-4640-8c00-7884d557646b
Leprosy involves all except
Uterus
Ovary
Nerve
Eye
0a
multi
Uterus Uterus is the least likely site of involvement in Leprosy "Although Leprosy rarely involves the female genital tract, the ovary is the most commonly involved gynaecological site" - Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract "There is little or no involvement of the female genital tract. 3 The repoed incid...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
890951f7-7fff-46be-88da-28e6bfba451a
Refractive condition of the eye at bih is:
Hypermetropia of 2 D
Myopia of 2 D
Hypermetropia of 5 D
Myopia of 5 D
0a
single
A i.e. Hypermetropia of 2 D
Ophthalmology
null
02de26e7-ee07-45ce-b2e7-178505b7f4e9
Incidence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia has declined in recent times due to which of the following?
Better living conditions
Decrease in the incidence of HIV infection
Use of combination A
Stronger immunity of the coho
2c
single
Answer- C. Use of combination APneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), once the hallmark of AIDS, has dramatically declined in incidence following the development of effective prophylactic regimens and the widespread use of cA.
Medicine
null
af10812b-7564-4923-9b15-be9fa00f5f3d
True about bacteriophage -
Is a virus
Causes transduction
Causes lysis of Bacteria
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Bacteriophage (phage)o Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.o Phages play an important role in the transmission of genetic information between bacteria by the process of transduction.o The presence of phage genome integrated with bacterial chromosome confer bacteria certain...
Microbiology
Virology
09091c50-0a44-486d-b02e-9437a2e1afbe
Male with history of bilateral undescended testis
Is likely going to be sterile
Risk of testicular neoplasm is same as other males
Pathophysiology is merely mechanical problem in descent of testis
Intervention for psychological purpose is not a requirement
0a
single
Male with bilateral undescended testis (especially intra-abdominal testes) are usually sterile. To optimise spermatogenesis the testis needs to be in the scrotum below body temperature at a young age. Incompletely descended testes are often macroscopically normal in early childhood but by pubey the testis is poorly dev...
Surgery
Urology
f3ef7734-e4c3-4ddb-ad76-eadf94acefdb
Caries, all are true except:
Lactobacillus is main causative organism in plaque
bsmooth surface caries occur due to streptococcus mutans
Pit and Fissure caries can be prevented by using pit and tissue sealants
Fluorides help in reducing caries incidence
0a
multi
null
Pathology
null
e35ba907-47d8-4104-a179-ee0b31a08181
Factor which is associated both with exposure and disease is called -
Confounding factor
Risk factor
Proximal risk factor
Case
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Confounding factor
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
c0185e06-40cb-48b9-ae10-f5db52730154
. Urinary cytology is a useful screening test for the dignosis of -
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilm's tumour
Urothelial carcinoma
Carcinoma prostate
2c
single
null
Surgery
null
247e84ed-7fdc-4177-a14f-c0eb18f18195
According to Tanner stages of development, which is the first sign of pubey in females?
Pubarche
Thelarche
Menarche
Increase in height
1b
single
GnRH stimulates secretion of LH and FSH which causes the ovary to produce estrogens. Subsequently changes of pubey occur including breast development (thelarche), development of pubic and axillary hair (pubarche), the growth spu (peak height velocity), and onset of menstruation (menarche). Thelarche (breast development...
Pediatrics
null
ec34bd32-ea00-4363-a12a-d715143cb9e3
Best disinfectant for endoscopes is: (D. REPEAT 2012)
Hypochlorite
Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Chlorhexidine
2c
single
Ref: Russel, Hugo and Ay tiff e's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization, 4th edition, Page 568Explanation:Activated 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde is used for decontaminating flexible endoscopes.Advantageso Relatively non-corrosiveo Will kill spores with prolonged exposure (3- 10 hours).Di...
Microbiology
Sterilization and Disinfection
ca2a068e-9bf4-4d7e-82a4-24bda71cbd4b
Wahin's tumor is found in
Salivary gland
Thyroid gland
Brunner's gland
Adrenal gland
0a
single
It is a benign tumour that occurs only in parotid ,usually in the lower pole. SRB,25th,415
Surgery
Head and neck
c067bca8-1363-4c1e-af37-fa85053b1d18
Accidental injury of the ureter during abdominal operation should be managed by all except:
Deligation
End-to-end anastomosis through an ureteric catheter
Implantation into the bladder
Colonic implantation
3d
multi
Surgeries for ureteric fistula: • Bladder flap procedure (modified Boari–Ocker–Blad) • Ureteroneocystostomy • Implantation into the bladder Note: End to end anastomosis may lead to stricture formation. Colonic transplantation results in recurrent pyelonephritis and hyperchloremic acidosis.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
15640d95-9b69-44bd-abac-e50872184c7f
Which is not a branch of anterior division of internal iliac aery ?
Inferior vesical
Internal pudendal
Iliolumbar
Inferior gluteal
2c
single
Branches of anterior division of internal iliac aery are :(i) Superior vesical(ii) Middle rectal(iii) Inferior vesical (in males),(iv) Internal pudendal, (v) Vaginal (in females),(vi) Uterine (in females)(vii) Obturator(viii) Inferior gluteal.Branches of posterior division are : (i) Iliolumbar, (ii) Lateral sacral, and...
Anatomy
null
cb5b380e-43cc-4c66-ae8c-9ca786ad8f90
Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis is seen in -
Carcinoma pancreas
Astrocytoma
Renal carcinoma
All
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Carcinoma pancreas
Pathology
null
38b5c8f0-ad05-4dcd-8208-02aaa95897c2
Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice-
Periampullary carcinoma
Carcinoma gall bladder
Carcinoma head of pancreas
CBD stones
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., CBD stones o Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice is choledocholithiasiso Stone disease is the most common cause of obstructive jaundice. Gallstones may pass through the CBD and cause obstruction and symptoms of biliary colic and cholecystitis. Larger stones can become lodged in the CBD ...
Surgery
Gallstone Disease
311fe724-bd17-418a-ab25-a2d6beab1641
Most common cyanotic heart disease -
TOF
VSD
TAPVC
Ebstein anomalies
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., TOF Tetroiogy of falloto Cyanonic heart disease (MC).o Defect in infundibular septum leads to :Pulmonary stenosis.VSD (Not ASD)Dextroposition and overriding of aorta.Right ventricular hypertrophy (NOT LVH).o Pink TOF (Acyanotic TOF) when PS is mild to moderate, balanced shunt across the VSD, pt does n...
Pediatrics
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
f7d3bb2f-a459-4ccf-a38e-0eb53b99bbee
Wilm's tumor associated with all except -
WAGR
Beckwith Weidman
Dennis dash
Digeorge syndrome
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Digeorge syndrome o Wilnvs tumour is associated with three groups of congenital malformations,o The risk of Wilm's tumour is increased in these conditions,o These are -o WAGR syndrome - It consists of# Aniridia# Genital anomalies# Mental retardationThe risk of Wilnvs tumour is increased by 33% in this...
Pathology
Histo Pathology
0ce1c206-1c6f-4448-9222-f2e36883c0af
Indomethacin causes:
Closure of ductus in premature neonate
Patent ductus arteriosus
Closure of ductus in term & premature neonates
Closure of ductus in older children also
0a
single
a. Closure of ductus in premature neonate(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2197)Indomethacin, a Prostaglandin inhibitor is used in medical closure of Ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates with PDA.
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
4329dd86-53ca-4aa3-ba74-d0625e7bc33e
All of the following are seen in retinitis pigmentosa except: September 2009
Prominent retinal vessels
Ring scotoma
Pigmentation around the retinal veins
Pale disc
0a
multi
Ans. A: Prominent retinal vessels The condition is abiotrophic in nature (premature senility and death of tissue) and genetically determined. Autosomal recessive is the most common and is very severe. Autosomal dominant is benign and is symptomatic only in adult life. X-linked recessive is least common. It is also a ve...
Ophthalmology
null
12b066ea-8045-4a1f-a3c4-e8dfe3c75b9c
All is true about Pecquet duct EXCEPT
Begins at level of T 12
Enters thorax through aoic opening
Crosses from right to left at level of T8
Passes the superior apeure of thorax
2c
multi
Thoracic duct, aka duct pecquet, is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. it Crosses from right to left at level of T5 It extends from the lower border of T12 as a continuation of the cisterna chyli. Enters thorax through the aoic opening of diaphragm along with the aoa & azygous veins. It ascends through the poste...
Anatomy
Thorax- wall and Bronchopulmonary segment
55db4bd5-ed16-4a03-8ebc-5e93700111ee
Which of the following is the most specific test for Rheumatoid arthritis
Anti-ccp antibody
Anti Igm antibody
Anti IgA antibody
Anti IgG antibody
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Anti-ccp antibody Rheumatoid factor is an autoantibody, usually IgM directed against the Fc region of IgG.Despite its name, rheumatoid factor is not specific for rheumatoid arthritis, it can also be seen in wide range of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory disease and chronic infections. *Anticitrullina...
Medicine
Rheumatoid Arthritis
90a3ec22-22ad-4e92-a215-c0a182f0c834
Pheochromocytoma secretes?
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
All
3d
multi
ANSWER: (D) AllREF: Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 337. PheochromocytomaSee previous question"Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas synthesize and store catecholamines, which include norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and dopamine"
Surgery
Physiology and Pathophysiology - Primary Hyperparathyroidism
82b8b120-d74e-47e0-8af2-1c9e6e54a0d6
Trauma to breast causes which type of necrosis -
Coagualtive necrosis
Liquefactive necrosis
Caseous necrosis
Fat necrosis
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fat necrosis Fat necrosisFat necrosis may be of two types : -Enzymatic fat necrosiso This is due to the action of lipase on adipose tissue,o It occurs most frequently in acute pancreatitis due to leakage of lipase,o Depending on the severity of acute pancreatitis, fat necrosis may occur in : -Adipose ...
Unknown
null
ee583358-1af1-4279-bc25-ed8de95de0b2
Which of the following is the best way of preventing development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in post-operative period?
Early ambulation
Physiotherapy
Prophylactic heparin
Low dose aspirin
2c
single
Ans is 'c' i.e. Prophylactic Heparin Patients are at increased risk for developing venous thromboembolism after:Major abdominal surgery Major orthopaedic surgery has sustained, major trauma has prolonged immobility (>3 days)These patients need some form of prophylaxis. The prophylaxis can be mechanical or pharmacologic...
Surgery
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
4cce54c4-ef34-402d-9d94-f9b6135f2e6c
A 40-year-old male comes to emergency with altered level of consciousness. On Examination, His BP 210/ 152 and has severe papilledema. Which of the following drug should be given by intravenous infusion and acts GPCR and is very sho acting?
Fenoldopam
Hydralazine
Metoprolol
Nitroprusside
0a
single
Patient is likely having hypeensive emergency. All the drugs given in options except metoprolol can be used to control hypeensive emergencies. Fenoldopam Used in hypeensive emergencies Act on D1 receptors which are G protein coupled receptors. Very sho acting drug and must be given by intravenous infusion (being a cate...
Pharmacology
Hypeension, Arrhythmias, Dyslipidemia
3b53fb1b-3e02-4c61-b59c-05a53a8c7d63
First drug of choice in a patient with Diabetes mellitus and concomitant hypertension?
Calcium channel blockers
a-adrenergics
b-adrenergics
ACE inhibitors
3d
single
Ans. d. ACE inhibitors (Ref. Harrison's Internal medicine 17th edition, p. 1558; 16th edition, p. 1479)Antihypertensive therapy:Primary (essential) hypertensionDiuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin li receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers.Hypertension with CHFDiuretics, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, b-blockers (co...
Medicine
Endocrinology
ede67b41-0ecd-4c59-991f-56b13f9f2dc0
"Risk ratio" is utilized to calculate the-
Relative risk
Attribute risk
Population controlled trial
Odds ratio
0a
single
Relative risk is the ratio of the incidence among exposed and the incidence among non exposed. In the example, RR of lung cancer = 10/1 = 10 Some authors use the term risk ratio to refer to relative risk. The larger the relative risk the greater the strength of association between the suspected factor and disease Ref: ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
79177128-12c2-4f05-845b-eb9226e8f7a6
In hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
Both LH and FSH decreased
Both LH and FSH increased
LH increased and FSH decreased
LH decreased and FSH increased
0a
multi
- LH and FSH are decreased in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: - Reversible - if its d/t to Chronic systemic illness (CKD, Chronic liver Disease) Severe malnutrition Endocrine causes (hypothyroidism, type 1 DM) - Permanent if its d/t Isolated delayed pubey - Genetic mutations - KAL 1 (Kallm...
Pediatrics
Disorders of Pubey
3dbcd071-66a1-4053-97a4-0f5012360525
Delusion is a disorder of:
Thinking
Memory
Perception
Intellect
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' Thinking Cognition (Thought) Disorders are -Schizophrenia*Obsessive compulsive neurosis*Delusions* & phobias*Also rememberHallucinations are disorder of - perception*
Psychiatry
Organic Mental Disorder
2c2f09dd-e85b-4446-8734-95c861ba039b
Which is not true about cephalohaematoma?:
Not limited by sutures
Swelling subsides in 3 months
Caused by periosteal injury of skull
None
0a
multi
Not limited by sutures
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
de08167d-c6c6-4fd1-a4c8-c8c09f385006
All are seen in PTSD; post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT:
Emotional numbing
Hallucination
Hyper arousal
Vivid dreams
3d
multi
Vivid dreams REF: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: 10th Edition, page 615"The principal clinical features of PTSD are painful re-experiencing of the event, a pattern of avoidance and emotional numbing, and fairly constant hyper arousal. Patients may also describe dissociative states and panic attacks, and illu...
Psychiatry
null
358b3e33-e77f-40fd-91b4-f0ddfe9f2b1b
For refraction in a hypermetropic child, which is the best drug -
Phenylephrine
Atropine ointment
Atropine drops
Homatropine
1b
single
Ans. (b) Atropine ointmentRef: Parson's 22/e, p. 79Atropine ointment (1%) is the cycloplegic of choice for refraction in a young child.
Ophthalmology
Elementary Optics
03650c52-9b37-409c-bf4d-7d705a9b6a2c
Increased Radio - isotope uptake is seen in
Osteoclastoma
Enchondroma
Pseudoarthrosis
Ewing's sarcoma
2c
single
null
Orthopaedics
null
97f86299-87b8-4103-8189-531bd4d3b798
A 69-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis is admitted with increasing sputum production, fever, chills, and decreased O2 saturation. His chest x-ray shows a left lower lobe nonhomogeneous opacity. He is treated with IV antibiotics and improves. On the fouh hospital day...
Obtain a CT scan to rule out abscess
Defer discharge and resume IV antibiotics
Schedule a pulmonary consult for bronchoscopy to improve bronchial drainage
Discharge the patient on oral antibiotics
3d
single
This chest x-ray shows an ill-defined, patchy opacity in the left middle and left lower zones. Incomplete consolidation with air bronchogram is seen. The left hea border is clear, but the silhouette of the left diaphragm is lost. This is consistent with the left lower pneumonia. This patient with chronic obstructive pu...
Radiology
Respiratory system
a5c59cee-6992-4e82-a0e1-a5a92843dd02
The average length of a full term child will be about -
30 cms
35 cms
40 cms
50 cms
3d
single
The average length in full term mature child is between 48-52 cms.
Forensic Medicine
null
4f83b43f-c15e-410b-9573-17ebedac45fb
Which of the following are used for calculation of fluid replacement in burns
Parkland regime
Muir and Burclay regime
Evan's formula
All the above
3d
multi
Parkland regime : It is commonly used . 4ml/%burn/kg body weight / 24 hours . Maximum percentage considered is 50%. volume is given in first year hours, rest given in 16 hours. Muir and Burclay regime : For colloid after 12-24 hours %burns x kg body weight /2 = 1 ration Three rations given in 12 hours . Two rations in ...
Anatomy
General anatomy
667b7332-b81a-47c3-9926-85c9b9e099a1
Simple random sampling-
Provides least number of possible samples
Haphazard collection of ceain number for a sample
Picking every 5th or 10th at regular intervals
Sample represent, a corresponding strata of universe
1b
single
.
Social & Preventive Medicine
Biostatistics
2de1f1dd-d0e7-491c-b2bb-19d3bb3236a5
A 70-year-old diabetic and hypeensive patient was being investigated for angina and a coronary angiogram was performed. Two days later, he developed fever and abdominal discomfo and dyspnea and a mottled skin rash. His great toe appeared black. His BP increased to 180/100. His creatinine was found to have risen from a ...
N-acetylcysteine would have prevented this condition
This is contrast-induced nephropathy
Heparin is the treatment of choice
Kidney biopsy will show micro-vessel occlusion with a cleft in the vessel
3d
multi
Diabetes and angina both point to atherosclerosis. In patients undergoing angiography, catheterization can lead to embolism of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in descending aoa downstream to renal aeries leading to an atheroembolic kidney disease. The symptoms of diabetic patient developed after angiography and sin...
Medicine
Chronic Kidney Disease & Diabetic Nephropathy
c2c2a554-c21a-4c27-825e-37656f08af30
Periplasmic space is seen in ?
Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative bacteria
Acid fast bacteria
All
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gram negative bacteria Periplasmic space is a narrow space between cytoplasmic membrane (plasma membrane) and cell wall. Periplasmic space has been more frequently and better recorded in gram-negative bacteria as compared to gram-negative. "At present most gram positive bacteria are thought to have on...
Microbiology
null
2019f9b5-bd0e-4023-9518-3b42d793aedd
Intrinsic factor is secreted by-
Chief cells
Parietal cells
Enterochromaffin cells
B-cells
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Parietal cells In stomach* Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete - HC1 and intrinsic factor of castle.* Chief cells (zymogen or peptic cells) secrete - Pepsinogen.* G cells secrete - Gastrin* D cells secrete - Somatostatin* ECL cells secrete - Histamine
Physiology
G.I.T.
ad6d258c-7c0d-47c1-b4f2-7bb4f27bde39
Regarding the lipid or liposomal formulations of amphotericin B, which of the following statments is accurate?
They are less expensive to use then conventional amphotericin B
They are more effective in funfal infections then conentonal preparations because they increase tissue uptake of amphotericin B
They may decrease the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B
They have wider spectrum of antifungal activity than conventional formulations of ampheotericin B
2c
single
(Ref: KDT 6/e p758) Newer liposomal preparations of amphotericin B have the following features: Less chances of nephrotoxicity and infusin related reactions Lesser uptake in the tissues like kidney More expensive Similar in efficacy and antifungal spectrum as conventional preparations
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
7d185025-71fe-4bb4-a97c-c60afc462073
A 75 year old female with a long history of cigarette smoking is found to have a small tumor at the periphery of her right upper lobe. Initially, the tumor was believed to be a Stage I carcinoma (T1 NO MO), but after surgery it is found to be Stage II (T1 N1 MO). What is found at surgery that changed the staging?
Involvement of the chest wall
Positive bronchial lymph nodes
Small cell histology
Tumor at the carina
1b
multi
Although it is nearly impossible to memorize the staging rules for all the different kinds of tumors, there are several basic principles common to all. The TNM stage of a tumor is determined by the tumor size and extent (T for tumor), lymph node involvement (N for nodes), and metastasis (M for metastasis). N0 always me...
Pathology
null
f07cbb9f-981a-4f47-8d33-2a3b64b3cd18
Arch of aorta is derived from:
2nd aortic arch
3rd aortic arch
3rd pharyngeal arch
4th pharyngeal arch
3d
single
Ans. D 4th pharyngeal archRef: Gray's Anatomy, 4V ed. pg. 607DERIVATIVES OF THE PHARYNGEAL ARCHESArch numberArch nameEmbryonic cartilageCartilage derivativeMuscleNerveArtery1MandibularQuadrate Meckel'sIncusMalleusAnterior ligament of malleus Spine of sphenoidSphenomandibular ligamentGenial tubercle of mandibleTensor ty...
Anatomy
Embryology
2a626962-df15-4c6f-b2a9-a1b1d7d66372
Difference between reversible and irreversible reaction is
Entropy
Temperature
Work done
Amount of heat production
2c
single
C i.e. Work done
Biochemistry
null
4355ef6a-4570-465d-a827-bcf434403ae2
Which of the following is not a component of SIRS?
Oral temperature >38degC
Urine output < lml/kg/hour
Respiratory rate >24/minute
Systolic blood pressure
1b
single
Ans. b. Urine output < lml/kg/hour
Medicine
null
05d4d290-92bd-48b4-a9e1-9db0d0cd7c80
Provision of total beds at PHC & CHC is:-
PHC 15, CHC 30
PHC 4-6, CHC 15
PHC 4-6, CHC 30
PHC Zero, CHC 30
2c
single
- There are no beds at Sub-center level.
Social & Preventive Medicine
Rural & Urban Health Centres, Workers, Norms
abe19cb4-8847-4bad-947d-adccf863d619
The MOST frequently implicated antibiotic among the causes of DILI is:
Amoxicillin -clavulanic acid
Oxacillin
Erythromycin
Doxycyclin
0a
single
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid causes inflammatory cholestasis. It is the most common cause of antibiotic induced DILI. Other examples of drugs causing Inflammatory cholestasis are Phenothiazine Oxacillin Erythromycin oleate Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page 2561
Pharmacology
null
595081e8-fff2-4fc4-8b53-21bbf23d9798
Which of the following is the "Least Common" complication of measles ?
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
Otitis media
SSPE
3d
single
null
Microbiology
null
499b6259-d3ee-4cc0-bdaa-621434ed7cc9
Decrease in weight for height indicates?
Acute malnutrition
Chronic malnutrition
Both acute and chronic malnutrition
Sho stature
0a
multi
Decrease in weight for height indicates Acute malnutrition Decrease in height for age indicates chronic malnutrition.
Pediatrics
Malnutrition
b658e01f-e717-4291-a1dc-0ecf09ad8833
SMILE is
Bladeless flap LASIK
Blade LASIK
Bladeless Flapless LASIK
Blade based flapless LASIK
2c
single
SMILE is bladeless Flapless LASIK Types of LASIK *Conventional LASIK: The LASIK flap is made by microkeratome blade and then EXCIMER laser is used for stromal ablation *Epi LASIK or Photorefractive Keratectomy: Laser ablation is done after removal of epithelium without the creation of flap *SMILE- is small incision len...
Ophthalmology
Cornea
bc790a5e-3b8e-45a5-9d46-d77dc1426b35
True about pediatric tracheostomy – a) Most common early complication is subcutaneous emphysemab) 3rd & 4th tracheal rings are incisedc) Easy to remove the tracheostomy tubed) Complete tracheal ring is removede) Moisturing of orifice should be done
abc
abe
cde
acd
1b
multi
Pediatric treacheostomy In most of the cases tracheostomy is performed with general anesthesia and the patient intubated and paralyzed. Neck is extended. A horizontal incision is made halfway between the cricoid cartilage and the sternal notch. Subcutaneous fat and tissues are reflected, and deep cervical facia, is cu...
Pediatrics
null
a5a3fc98-c28d-450a-9b87-d1b60b9cfa92
Indications for exchange transfusion are all except –
Unconjugated bilirubin > 18 mg/100 ml
Cord hemoglobin < 10 mg/100 ml
Cord bilirubin < 5 mg/100 ml
Bilirubin protein ratio > 3.5
2c
multi
Cord bilirubin 5 or more is an indication.
Pediatrics
null
d5e32746-cc7a-48a5-b241-2a632a6b49d8
Xavier and yogender stay in the same hostel of same university. Xavier develops infection due to group B meningococcus. After few days yogender develops infection due to Group C meningococcus. All of the following are true statements except -
Educate students about meningococcal transmission and take preventive measures
Chemoprophylaxis to all against both group B and group C
Vaccine prophylaxis of contacts of xavier
Vaccine prophylaxis of contacts of yogender
2c
multi
Park&;s texbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 23rd edition Page no: 166 Currently available meningococcal vaccines include polysaccharide vaccines and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Both vaccines are available against meaningococci of serogroup A, C, W135 and Y
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
3f57f373-e18d-4015-9a80-96215e51977f
Phage typing is widely usde for the intraspecies classification of one of the following bateria -
Staphylococci
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
0a
single
Phages that lyse all the members of genus salmonella species, Bacillus anthracis, and subspecies classical Vibrio cholera. The most impoant application of phage typing is for intraspecies typing of bacteria as in the phage typing of S.typhi and staphylococci. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9T...
Microbiology
Virology
484c8075-c246-4530-ac41-098ce25a1d3d
A Patient presents with pain in Meta-Tarso-Phalangeal joints and is a known case of chronic renal failure. This is due to accumulation of:
Rh factor
Uric acid
Serum urea
HLA B27 typing
1b
single
Ans. b. Uric acid (Ref: Harrison 19/e p2233, 18/e p2837)The underlying basis of gouty arthritis is increased serum uric acid level.Most common joint involved in gout: Meta-Tarso-Phalangeal jointsQPrecipitation of monosodium urate crystalsQ into the joints is the underlying basis for these urate crystals is increased to...
Medicine
Immunology and Rheumatology
9c5ca7b8-c68f-48c3-94fb-f72e45ff2622
In breast, Copper's ligament extends from subcutaneous tissue to
Pectoral muscle
Pectoral fascia
Alveoli
Montgomery tubercle
1b
single
B. i.e. Pectoral fascia Strands of fibrous tissue (forming the suspensory ligament of Cooper) connect the dermis of overlying skin to the ducts of breast (mammary gland) and pectoral fasciaQ. These suppo mammary gland lobule and help to maintain the protuberence of young breast. They also cause pitting of oedematons sk...
Anatomy
null
c9375476-2fb2-45a5-ba44-759e1d16df84
Coarctation of Aoa is most commonly associated wtth-
Bicuspid Aoic valve
Patent Dustus Aeriosus (PDA)
Ventricular Soptal Defect (VSD)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
0a
single
Coarctation occurs in ~7% of patients with congenital hea disease, is more common in males than females, and is paicularly frequent in patients with gonadal dysgenesis (e.g., Turner syndrome). Clinical manifestations depend on the site and extent of obstruction and the presence of associated cardiac anomalies; most com...
Medicine
C.V.S
062874f2-92e9-4868-9dd4-7bbb403b96cc
Which prevents plasminogen activators?
Streptokinase
Aminocaproic acid
Reteplase
Clopidogrel
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Aminocaproic acid o Epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) competitively inhibits plasminogen activation.
Pharmacology
null
5f5d9279-8c85-42ad-8275-da8883f1eed5
Commonest cardiac lesion in tuberous sclerosis is
SD
VSD
Mitral stenosis
Rhabdomyoma
3d
single
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome with a high incidence of sporadic cases and variable clinical expression. It has an estimated frequency of 1/6000. Major manifestations of TSC include skin lesions in more than 95%, autism and seizures in 85%, kidney disease in 60%, menta...
Pediatrics
Genetic and genetic disorders
dd9a3e18-042d-452f-8835-8d53b4bac677
DNA fingerprinting is based on possessing in DNA of:
Constant tandem repeat
Variable number tandem repeat
Non-repetitive sequence
Exon
1b
single
Ans. B. Variable number tandem repeatDNA Finger printingThe use of normal genetic variation in the DNA (SNP or VNTR or RFLP) to establish a unique pattern of DNA fragments for an individual.This is also called DNA Profiling.Most commonly used is VNTR or repeat length polymorphism.The process of DNA finger printing was ...
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology Techniques
3cfeff15-6063-4de7-8aac-e97821faffb9
Ekbom's syndrome is seen in
Cocaine intoxication
Amphetamine
Severe depression
Acute psychosis
0a
single
Ekbom's syndrome or Delusional parasitosis is seen in cocaine intoxication where patient feels a sensation of insects crawling over the body.
Psychiatry
null
eeb438b9-095a-4851-8316-6cc2f869d10d
Stain with parasite having charcot-laden crystals but no pus cells
Giardia
Tenia
E. histolytica
Trichomonas
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., E. histolytica Fecal finding in amoebiasis are :- i) Positive test for heme. ii) Paucity (lack) of neutrophils (pus cells). iii) Presence of amebic cysts or trophozoites iv) Charcot-leyden crystals. Remember Charcot leyden crystals are seen in E. histolytica 3. Ascaris pneumonia Whip worm (Trichuris) ...
Microbiology
null
c239a99f-9420-4ac3-be2d-522ae4d0b6d1
A 57-year-old boy has been diagnosed to have posterior superior retraction pocket cholesteatoma. All would constitute part of the management, except -
Audiometry
Mastoid exploration
Tympanoplasty
Myringoplasty
3d
multi
Ans-DMyringoplasty consists of closing a 'central perforation' in the tympanic membrane in the 'tubotympanic type' or 'safe type' of chronic suppurative otitis media. It is not indicated in the unsafe or dangerous type of otitis media with posterosuperior attic perforation.The patient in question is a case of the dange...
Unknown
null
832f8b82-1b91-4f02-9e6e-27aaf6dddbbe
Procedure of choice for ptosis in Horner's syndrome?
LPS resection
Bilateral sling
Unilateral sling
Fasanella Servat
3d
single
Procedure of choice of ptosis in Horner syndrome: Fasanella Servat or Mullerectomy in case of good levator action Superior Tarsal muscle or Muller's muscle is the that is responsible for keeping the upper lid in a raised position after the LPS raises it. It is supplied by the sympathetic system. Hence it is involved in...
Ophthalmology
Neuro Ophthalmology
93a223da-5281-4310-94de-0d137b5e8249
Thymoma can be associated with all, except -
Superior mediastinum syndrome
Myasthenia gravis
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Pure red cell aplasia
2c
multi
null
Medicine
null
313952ea-f810-4c4f-9284-73a7e1d75d80
Dose of i.v. adrenaline in term infant is during neonatal resuscitation -
0.1 - 0.3 ml/kg in 1:1000
0.3 - 0.5 ml/kg in 1:1000
0.1-0.3 ml/kg in 1:10,000
0.3 - 0.5 ml/kg in 1:10,000
2c
single
Ans. is c i.e., 0.1-0.3 mUkg in 1:10,000 Dose or adrenlaine ? 0.1 ml/kg to 0.3 inlikg diluted (1: I0,000) Routs : (1) Intravenous (umbilical vein) or (2) Endotracheal Indication ? HR < 60/min after 30 sec. of positive pressure ventilation & chest compression
Pediatrics
null
190e8d66-1462-4bd3-874d-3c264ba841f3
Crash in cocaine means
post cocaine use depression
post cocaine nasal ulcers
post cocaine MI
post cocaine SIDS
0a
single
Cocaine Cocaine is a stimulant which increases dopamine. It is available as a powder which is inhaled by nasal route called as SNOING. It can also be used as IV route * Cardiovascular adverse effects * MI * Arrhythmia * SIDS if mother exposed during pregnancy POST COCAINE DEPRESSION is alled CRASH * TREATMENT * dopamin...
Anatomy
Substance abuse
b420e433-2234-41e1-8c8f-533064837095
Double bubble appearance is seen in:
Jejunal atresia
Duodenal atresia
Obstructive jaundice
Pyloric stenosis
1b
single
Ans. B. Duodenal atresiaThe double bubble sign is seen in infants and represents dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stomach. It is seen in both radiographs and ultrasound, and can be identified antenatally The finding is typically pathologic, and implies either duodenal atresia, duodenal web, annular pancreas, and...
Pediatrics
Stomach and Intestines
35aa9041-637d-4904-a200-49a912845e1a
A 65-year-old man, with a 45-pack-per-year history of smoking, presents with hematuria and flank pain. He reports no fever, chills, or dysuria, but he has lost 15 lb. On examination the abdomen is soft, no mass is felt, and there is no flank tenderness on percussion. His hemoglobin (Hb) is 18.5 g/dL, and his liver enzy...
renal cyst
renal cell carcinoma
renal metastases
renal abscess
1b
single
Age, history of smoking, and polycythemia in a patient with hematuria strongly suggests a renal cell carcinoma. The elevated hemoglobin represents increased erythropoietin production and is not related to prognosis. Involvement along the renal vein and metastases to the lung is also characteristic of renal cell carcino...
Medicine
Oncology
4bddefaf-8ff3-4699-83fe-60b6dde71544
CREST syndrome is an autoimmune condition which is associated with atrophy and fibrosis of the oesophageal musculature resulting in dysphagia and reflux-type symptoms. Which of the following is not a feature of CREST syndrome?
Raynaud's phenomenon
Erythematous malar rash
Sclerodactyly
Soft tissue calcification
1b
single
The scleroderma spectrum of disorders are a group of connective tissue diseases inclusive of localized scleroderma (affects skin only), Raynaud's (vasospastic involvement of the fingers) and systemic sclerosis which is itself divided into diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (DCSS) and limited cutaneous systemic sclero...
Surgery
Esophagus
8aa749fa-a30d-40bf-a2fa-ab752b98be22
Assay for lipid peroxidation is:
MTT Assay
FOX assay
Ame's test
Guthrie's test
1b
single
Free radical measurement can be done by : FOX assay - (Ferrous oxidation in Xylenol) Estimation of Dialdehydes (e.g. MDA- Malon dialdehyde) Pentane and methane measurement in exhaled air
Biochemistry
Miscellaneous
e402f1c7-b93d-487a-b83f-eb8881746004
In Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which muscle is not involved :
Gastrocnemius
Vastus medialis
Brachioradialis
Infraspinatus
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' & 'd' Vastus medialis and infraspinatus (Ref. O.P. Ghai, 5/e, p 425; Harrison, 17/e p 2682, 2683 & 16/e, p 2528 (15/e, p 2530)).
Medicine
C.N.S.
4fbe38cd-6e3d-45e9-bda8-e3ad54024501
Best pontic for maxillary posterior teeth is:
Point contact
Composite
Trupontic
Bullet nose
2c
single
null
Dental
null
479462fb-2eab-4a94-a53a-e9cf16769ca7
Niemann-Pick disease is?
AR
AD
X-linked
Mitochondrial
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., AR All lysosomal storage disease are autosomal recessive, except Hunter syndrome and Fabry's disease, both of them are X-linked recessive.
Pathology
null
0a775daf-aaef-4f26-9f39-28255d82d1f4
Characteristics of BENIGN tumour of lung in X-ray is
Size > 5 cms diameter
Cavitation
Peripheral location
Concentric dense calcification
3d
single
Central, concentric, laminar, popcorn or homogeneous (diffuse) calcification is seen in benign lesions.
Radiology
null
c1d976d6-ae61-47fb-818c-f7a4d3960cbd
A 20 year old primigravida is admitted with full term pregnancy and labour pain. At 4 am she goes into active phase of labour with 4 cm cervical dilatation. Membranes rupture during p/V examinatin showing clear liquor. A repeat PN examination after 4 hours of good uterine contraction reveals a cervical dilatation of 5 ...
Reassess after 4 hours
Immediate cesarean section
Oxytocin drip
Reassess for occipito posterior position and cephalopelvic dispropoion
3d
multi
Reassess for occipito posterior position and cephalopelvic dispropoion
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
54c40421-89d4-4aa5-b729-075ba0dfec07
Angle between FH plane & occlusal plane is
10°
27°
Parallel to each other
1b
multi
null
Dental
null
e120b642-3a7d-4d25-8c93-0f725b34574e
Which of the following muscle is derivative of 1st arch:
Stylopharyngeus
Tensor tympani
Platysma
Cricothyroid
1b
single
Tensor tympani muscle develops in the first pharyngeal arch. Stylopharyngeus develops in 3rd arch. Platysma develops in 2nd arch. Cricothyroid develops in 4th arch.
Anatomy
Pharyngeal Arches
a4b1e523-853a-405f-9935-d9abd23dc1ea
Treatment of Acute lymphangitis requires ?
Antibiotic and rest
Immediate lymphangiography
Immediate multiple incisions
No special treatment
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Antibiotic and rest
Surgery
null