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45152d77-fa84-41eb-b8f2-00b0c66afdfa | The right atrium chronic overload is indicated by a P wave of more than: | 2.5 mm | 3.5 mm | 4.5 mm | 5.5 mm | 0a | single | Ans. a. 2.5 mm (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1453, 18/e p1832; Marc Gertsch's The ECG; A Two-Step Approach to Diagnosis';Ch-4)The right atrium chronic overload is indicated by a P wave of more than 2.5 mm."Normal atrial depolarization vector is oriented downward and towards the subject's left, reflecting the spread of depolariz... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
e3895826-ea20-4345-bbcd-8eeae9b794b5 | Marbling is noticed by | 18 hours | 24 hours | 36 hours | 48 hours | 2c | single | Ans. (c) 36 hours. | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
eb6c127f-e2ab-4f3a-9644-0ebbc5760ca3 | The weight of the child at 3 years is usually times the birth weight – | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2c | multi | null | Pediatrics | null |
0011cfda-52b0-4c38-b258-bbee783bc0ff | Sensory innervation of larynx as far as the vocal
folds is by _________ nerve | External laryngeal | Recurrent laryngeal | Internal laryngeal | Glossopharyngeal | 2c | single | null | Anatomy | null |
c962b2c2-0066-427a-9af3-bcb0a3efba59 | Chlamydia causes all the following diseases except? | Non-gonococcal urethritis | Pneumonia | Trachoma | Parotitis | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Parotitis | Microbiology | null |
37d4ec5c-c487-459b-9ded-ce2b0ef04521 | Wedging in the interproximal areas in case of recession is called | Piggy back | Tie back | Tie through | None of the above | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
f24443a7-ba90-4c77-a435-8eaf2e0e457d | Exposure to darkness leads to increased melatonin secretion. It is brought about by: | Decreasing the activity of suprachiasmatic nuclei | Increasing the serotonin N-acetyl transferase. | Decreasing the hydroxy-indole-o-methyl transferase, activity | Blocking the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. increasing the serotonin N-acetyl transferase Ref Ganong 21st/e p 468, 20th/e p448First let's see the synthesis of melatonin from serotoninSerotonin| N. Acetyl transferase + Acetyl CoA N-Acetyl serotonin|Hydroxy indole - 0 methyl transferase + S-Adenosylmethionine Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamin... | Physiology | Special Senses: Vision and its Elements |
87d5a54b-136c-438d-909f-2b3a6824797b | Slow onset of action is seen with? | Glargine | Lispro | Regular | NPH | 0a | single | TYPE ONSET (MIN/HR) PEAK (HR) DURATION RAPID ACTING Aspa 5-15 min 0.5-1.5 3-4 Lispro 5-15 0.5-1.5 3-4 SHO ACTING Human regular 30-60 2-3 4-6 Intermediate Lente 2-4 hr 6-12 18-26 NPH 2-4 4-12 18-26 LONG ACTING Determir 1-4 5-24 20-24 Glargine 1-4 5-24 20-24 Ultralente 4-8 10-30 Over 36 | Medicine | Diabetes Mellitus |
5ec8dc8a-874f-45d7-a9c1-72d3feadc503 | Busulfan toxicity does not include - | Hyperpigmentation | Toxic carditis | Hyperuricemia | Pulmonary fibrosis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Toxic carditis o Adverse effects of busulfan --> Myelosuppression, hyperuricemia, pulmonary fibrosis, sterility, impotence, amenorrhea, addison's disease like syndrome (asthenia and hypotension). o High dose causes veno-occlusive disease of liver, seizures, hemorrhagic cystitis, alopecia, cataract. Ab... | Pharmacology | null |
af77fd63-df20-4cff-8fba-89775ae46f33 | Which of the following is primordial prevention - | Avoiding nicotine | Chemoprophylaxis | Vaccination | Screening | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' Level of prevention Examples o Primordial prevention o Discouragement from adapting a harmful lifestyle, e.g. smoking o Primary prevention o Immunization (vaccination) o Chemoprophylaxis o Nutritional supplementation programmes o Chlorination of water o Using a mosquito net o Health education o Secondary pr... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of Control |
4dc54667-528f-46f5-90d8-d14e363001d0 | A 52-year-old, nonsmoking man complains of pain and paresthesias in his right hand, paicularly at night. Examination reveals a diminished radial pulse when he abducts his arm when his head is turned to either side. A bruit is audible over the upper right anterior chest. His neurologic examination is unremarkable. You s... | A Pancoast tumor | A cervical rib | Cervical disc disease | Subclan steal syndrome | 1b | single | The patient has a thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), which is an abnormal compression of the aeries, veins, or nerves in the neck. TOS is more common in adults than in children, and may occur in either sex. The compression may be caused by a cervical rib, the scalenus anticus muscle, or positional changes. The diagnosis i... | Surgery | null |
afef0e0b-68f9-417a-83ce-a0875358511f | Which of the following carriers received source of infection from other carriers is called - | Incubatory carrier | Convulescent carrier | Healthy carrier | Chronic carrier | 0a | multi | <p> Incubatory carriers They are potential patients. Since then incubation period of cholera is sho(1-5 days) ,incubatory carriage is of sho duration. Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:230 <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
43019623-790f-4e23-a5c3-cef2d2181d2f | Very low bih weight babies are | < 2500 gm of bih weight | < 1500 gm of bih weight | <1000 gm of bih weight | Between 2500-300 gm of bih weight | 1b | single | Low bih weight (LBW) neonate- A neonate weighing less than 2500g at bih irrespective of the gestational age. Very low bihweight (VLBW) neonate- A neonate weighing leas than 1500g at bih irrespective of the gestational age. Extremely low bih weight (ELBW) neonate- A neonate weighing leas than 1000g at bih irrespective o... | Pediatrics | New born infants |
9bf4d5c4-bb19-41e0-aed8-88c8f6301aa3 | Causative factor acne are following except: | Androgen | Oily food | Bacterial proliferation | Hypercornification of duct | 1b | multi | Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units, skin structures consisting of a hair follicle and its associated sebaceous gland Major factors are involved in the pathogenesis: - Hormonal factors (| androgens, Insulin resistance, Insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1) - | IL-1a activity - | Lenoleic acid - I... | Dental | Acne and chemical peeling |
e20e2abe-e267-4371-b009-e905c19142a4 | Osiander's sign is positive in? | First trimester of pregnancy | Fibroid | Hydatidiform mole | Abdominal pregnancy | 0a | single | The pelvic changes are diverse and appear at different periods during pregnancy. There is increased pulsation, felt through the lateral fornices at 8th week called Osiander's sign. Similar pulsation is also felt in acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Ref: Textbook of Obstetrics D.C.Dutta 6th Ed Page 65. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
57f5b932-cfb8-4e7b-bc4e-43f5211e3188 | Dohlman's operation is related to - | Carcinoma esophagus | Carcinoma larynx | Zenker's diverticulum | Nasal carcinoma | 2c | single | null | ENT | null |
d278cb02-963d-421b-85cb-46f2866c6039 | Comment on the diagnosis of this patient with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. | Rhinophyma | Buphthalmos | Grave's disease | Pheochromocytoma | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Grave's disease.* Thyrotoxicosis is sometimes associated with a form of hypokalemic periodic paralysis; this disorder is particularly common in Asian males with thyrotoxicosis.* Lid retraction, causing a staring appearance, can occur in any form of thyrotoxicosis and is the result of sympathetic overactivity.*... | Ophthalmology | Adverse Ocular Effects of Systemic Drugs |
1478061f-c789-4226-bb0e-b707c1c29c02 | A 60-year-old man has his left forearm amputated because he has invasive rhabdomyosarcoma. The pathologist notes calcification in the wall of the radial aery, which otherwise appears unremarkable. Which of the following is the appropriate diagnosis? | Churg-Strauss disease | Complicated atherosclerotic plaque | Fibromuscular dysplasia | Monckeberg medial sclerosis | 3d | multi | Monckeberg medial sclerosis is characterized by calcification of the media of large and medium-sized aeries of older persons who are not otherwise affected by atherosclerosis . On gross examination, the involved aeries are hard and dilated. These aerial changes are usually asymptomatic. None of the other choices displa... | Pathology | Systemic Pathology |
6a66e885-ca2d-42da-b3bc-581818384d5a | Mineral essential for Hb synthesis | Copper | Sodium | Potassium | Phosphorus | 0a | single | null | Physiology | null |
6f580ddc-0587-4076-b8cd-42ae68493ef9 | LA causing cutaneous vasoconstriction: | Lidocaine. | Ropivacaine. | Mepivacaine. | Procaine. | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
386f927d-9d5d-4b14-becb-47a868d01edc | All of the following statements are true about tumour markers except | screening of a cancer | follow up of a cancer patient | confirmation of cancer | for knowing about recurrence | 2c | multi | null | Surgery | null |
f4b23e91-e779-4496-8d5b-7e692f588a68 | Platelet count is decreased in all of the following condition except: | H. S. Purpura | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | Systemic lupus erythematosus | 0a | multi | Answer is A (H. S. Purpura) The mechanism of ecchymosis or purpura in Henoch Schonlein is vasculitis. There is no thrombocytopenia. All other options are known causes of thrombocytopenia. | Medicine | null |
80340d8a-c1cc-487e-b049-ef0abbd17515 | Ehlers Danlos syndrome is? | Autosomal Dominant | Autosornal recessive | X-Linked Dominant | X-Linked recessive | 0a | single | Ehler-Danlos syndrome is classified into 8 types and more than 5 types show autosomal dominant transmission. | Pathology | null |
557c8b3f-1669-480a-bd8a-2e1b50a82b9b | drugs with high plasma protein binding are | sho duration of action | less drug interactions | lower volumes of distribution | all the above | 2c | multi | plasma protein binding causes restriction of drugs in the vascular compament and thus lower volume of distribution | Anatomy | General anatomy |
5abc0c4e-9342-4c6f-9692-40013224879f | Which of the following agents are useful in the medical treatment of variceal bleeding? | Octreotide | Pantoprazole | Somatotropin | Dexamethasone | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
5423b358-72a3-44d3-9005-4b943f4feef9 | In beta-oxidation of fatty acids, carnitine is required for | Conversion of short chain fatty acids to long chain fatty acids | Transport of long chain fatty acid to mitochondrial inner layer | Transport of long chain fatty acid to cytoplasm | Conversion of long chain fatty acids to short chain fatty acids | 1b | single | Transport of long-chain fatty acid to mitochondria' inner layer | Biochemistry | null |
f9070d2e-2bf1-41fb-a08d-a5873794b06f | Most common cause of pneumonia in children less than 2 years is ? | RSV | Streptococcus aureus | Staphylococcus aureus | Klebsiella | 0a | single | Respiratory syncytial virus is the most impoant cause of pneumonia in children less than 2 years of age.At other ages ,influenza, parainfluenza, adeno virus are common. Bacteria causing pneumonia are klebsiella, S.pneumonia, E.coli, H.influenza, staphylococci, Atypical organisms like Mycoplasma and Pneumocystis carinii... | Pediatrics | Respiratory system |
73f52ea2-e7fc-46a1-abc5-19763c57051f | Which of the following binds antiapoptotic proteins | Bax | Bad | Bid | Bix | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
afa83e5c-9765-4a3c-bb5a-1a2f0db31404 | A school going boy was noted with vacant stare several times a day. There was no history of fever, seizures and neurological deterioration. What is the diagnosis - | Atonic seizures | Absence seizures | Myoclonic seizures | School phobia | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Absence seizures o Absence seizure is characterized by a few seconds of impairment of conciousness without loss of postural control. There is associated eye blinking or staring which may occur as clustered events. | Pediatrics | null |
0807011b-be7d-44b3-92e7-f96913a34d19 | Multiple brain abscesses are characteristic of | Cyanotic heart disease | Otitis media | Hematogenous | Hemorrhage | 2c | single | (C) Hematogenous # Metastatic abscesses are commonly located in the parietal, frontal, or temporal lobes, and multiple brain abscesses are usually the result of metastatic spread from remote primary foci, accounting for 6% to 22% of cases.> Most common cause of brain abscesses was haematogenous spread, accounting for 2... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
7dd748a4-f8c8-4b55-8c35-d6b713a15d99 | Mechanically, the strongest phase in amalgam restoration is | The original gamma phase (Ag3Sn) | The gamma I phase | The gamma II phase | The copper — Tin phase | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
e96a3bbe-73fd-450b-9836-507798d5c7ab | Indications for ECT are : | Paranoid schizophrenia | Depression with suicidal tendency | Neurotic depression | All | 1b | multi | B i.e. Depression with sucidal tendency | Psychiatry | null |
0abc498c-e667-42ee-8adf-acdb72f78a37 | Metacarpophalangeal joints are most commonly affected in: March 2005 | Osteoahritis | Psoriatic ahritis | Rheumatoid ahritis | Rheumatic fever | 2c | single | Ans. C: Rheumatoid Ahritis RA is characterized by diffuse cailage loss and erosion of bone and cailage. It stas in the synol membrane, with the initial processes of edema, neovascularization, and hyperplasia of the synol lining. Proliferation of synoviocytes and macrophages causes thickening of the synol lining and, to... | Surgery | null |
0d69baa3-5d1d-4314-85ac-d07865f89e65 | Factors responsible for the development of multidrug resistant pneumonia are all, EXCEPT: | Widespread use of potent oral antibiotics | Earlier transfer of patients out of acute-care hospitals to their homes | Increased use of outpatient IV antibiotic therapy | Underlying lung cancer | 3d | multi | Factors responsible for the development of multidrug resistant pneumonia are Widespread use of potent oral antibiotics Earlier transfer of patients out of acute-care hospitals to their homes or various lower-acuity facilities Increased use of outpatient IV antibiotic therapy General aging of the population More extensi... | Medicine | null |
f5937c11-67a9-42ad-b21c-44984c5a5079 | All aggravates myastheia gravis,except ? | Azathioprine | Quinidine | Tetracycline | Aminoglycoside | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Azathioprine o Tetracycline, aminoglycoside and quinidine can aggravate mysthenia gravis. | Pharmacology | null |
b4ccf8c5-45be-4658-aa8d-e66f4022d8bb | Genetic anticipation is characteristic of: | Myotonic dystrophy | Beckers muscular dystrophy | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy | 0a | single | Genetic Anticipation refers to the progressive increase in severity of an illness as it manifests in its transmission from parent to child, occurring in a more severe form and at an earlier age with succeeding generations. It is more commonly seen in trinucleotide repeat disorders. Classical examples are Huntington's D... | Medicine | null |
1edd078b-481f-4a55-87c0-36a0a1663d63 | All the following are examples of diseases causing Aplastic anemia except : | PNH | Hepatitis | Pregnancy | Cold hemoglobinuria | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Cold haemoglobinuria) Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria is a form of immune mediated hemolytic anemia and is not a form of aplastic anemia. Pregnancy, PNH and hepatitis have all been mentioned as causes of Aplastic anemia. Classification Of Aplastic Anemia And Cytopenias : Acquired Aplastic Anemia Inherited A... | Medicine | null |
bcf7e218-7ab3-4976-a21f-feb575c24ed6 | Commonest ligament injured in ankle injury: | Anterior talofibular ligament | Calcaneofibular ligament | Posterior talofibular ligament | Spring ligament | 0a | single | ANKLE LIGAMENT INJURY The most common mode of ankle injury is inversion of plantar flexed foot. Commonest ligament injured- Anterior talofibular ligament | Orthopaedics | Ohopaedics Q Bank |
346ed263-b2a3-417c-844a-e609a6e7137b | An 8-month old child presented with itchy, exudative lesions on the face, palms and soles. The siblings also have similar complaints. Which of the following is the treatment of choice? | Systemic ampicillin | Topical permethrin | Systemic prednisolone | Topical betamethasone | 1b | single | The child in the question is showing features of scabies cause by Sarcoptes scabei. The treatment of choice in scabies is 5% permethrin cream. In adults, it is applied from the neck down and washed off after 8-14 hours. In children younger than 5 years of age and the elderly, it should be applied to the entire skin sur... | Skin | null |
dc3ba0f3-2dc8-4a96-ba6a-a85b3d8804fb | All are true about Carvedilol except | Used in chronic congestive heart failure | It also has antioxidant & anti - inflammatory properties | It is a cardioselective β - blocker | β - blockers are started at low doses and gradually increased till maximum recommended dose | 2c | multi | Carvedilol blocks both β1 & β2 receptors and hence it is a non selective β - blocker. | Pharmacology | null |
e3fbc037-c377-457d-a327-d84e66615947 | Lateral ventricle is connected to third ventricle by ? | Foramen of Monro | Foramen of luschka | Foramen of magendie | Median foramen | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Foramen of Monro | Anatomy | null |
00023b6e-6636-40d2-a7b4-66f3c6d42856 | Reinforced anchorage. Example is | Bite plane anterior | Posterior bite plane | Inclined plane | All of the above | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
4d15aa8b-871a-47cc-9b83-de28890a9fd1 | The drug that can cause hirsutism is | Minoxidil | Cycloserine | Valsartan | Dactinomycin | 0a | single | Ans: a (Minoxidil)Ref: katzung 9 ed., Pg. 247Topical minoxidil is used for treating androgenic alopecia. The mechanism of action of minoxidil on hair follicles is unknownDrugs causing hirsutism- Minoxidil- Phenytoin- Cyclosporine- Diazoxide- Androgens- Oral contraceptives - containing progesterone- Penicillamine- Heavy... | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect |
f966070b-a0f3-44cf-969d-6ee1940fc256 | What is the ideal site to make a burr hole in a patient of head injury with rapidly deteriorating sensorium & progressive dilatation of pupil with no localizing sign? | Right temporal region | Left temporal region | Midline | Left parietal region | 1b | single | Burr hole surgery should be done by taking into consideration side of pupillary dilatation 1. One sided pupillary dilatation: Burr hole on that side 2. Both sided pupillary dilatation: Burr hole on the side of first dilated pupil/ side with obvious external trauma. 3. No localizing sign: Burr hole on the side of domina... | Surgery | Trauma |
fffa4fbd-3c59-4466-9990-68087b50ec88 | Most common muscle to be congenitally absent - | Teres major | Pectoralis major | Gastrosoleus | Semimembranosus | 1b | multi | Congenital absence of Pectoralis major is the most common. | Anatomy | null |
18b1f6fc-c2bc-4573-b5fd-a282dca4b39b | A 25-year-old woman complains of low-grade fever, fatigue, and persistent rash over her nose and upper chest. She also notes pain in her knees and elbows. A skin biopsy shows dermal inflammation and granular deposits of IgG and C3 complement along the basement membrane at the epidermal/dermal junction. Urinalysis revea... | ABO blood group antigens | Class II HLA molecules | Clotting factors | Phospholipids | 3d | single | 1/3rd of patients with SLE possess elevated concentrations of anti-phospholipid antibodies. It predisposes these patients to thromboembolic complications (stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and poal vein thrombosis). The clinical course of SLE is highly variable and typically exhibits exacerbations and... | Pathology | Immunity disorders |
57941f04-734c-4818-8adf-e4b78a1f4680 | All of the following vascular changes are observ ed in acute inflammation, except- | Vasodilation | Stasis of blood | Increased vascular permeability | Decreased hydrostatic pressure | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Decreased hydrostatic pressureInflammationVascular changesCellular changeso Vasoconstrictiono Vasodilatationo Increased permeability'o Chemotaxis, phagocytosiso Increased hydrostatis pressureo Marginationo Rollingo Adhesion | Pathology | Acute Inflammation - Overview and Morphologic Patterns |
4d969106-a3ee-4cc0-8c0f-c7942862bdab | "Target lesions" are characteristically seen in? | Pemphigus vulgaris | Psoriasis | Uicaria pigmentosa | Erythema multiforme | 3d | multi | Iris or target lesions = Erythema multiformie Bulla spread sign and Nikolsky's sign = Pemphigus vulgaris. Auspitz sign = Plaque Psoriasis. Darrier's sign = Uicaria pigmentosa. White dermographism = Atopic dermatitis. Dimple sign = Dermatofibroma Target lesions - Central erythema surrounded by area of clearing and anoth... | Dental | Blistering disorders |
ce6fe535-d463-4b41-8378-f88ae8e565fb | Quadrate lobe of liver is present between | Groove for ligamentum tetes and gall | Inferior vena cava and fissure for ligamentum venousum | Groove for Inferior vena cava and fissure for ligamentum venousum | Pos hepatis and falciform ligament | 0a | multi | Quadrate lobe of liver is present between groove for ligamentum tetes and gallbladder | Anatomy | G.I.T |
45bd2d29-e5f0-4523-9b40-e35f18236e32 | A first year psychiatric resident is interviewing a patient in psychiatry ward. On asking any question, patient starts giving long details and to the point that listener may get bored, but eventually patient answers the question. Which of the following abnormality the resident could find in this patient? | Loosening of association | Tangentiality | Flight of ideas | Circumstantiality | 3d | multi | Ans. D. CircumstantialityCircumstantiality is indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets there. Circumstantiality is characterized by an overinclusion of details. Verbigeration is a meaningless repetition of specific words or phrases. Blocking is an abrupt interruption in the train of thi... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
a4365103-45ea-45f8-85c8-626639f27d3c | Most common cause of epidural abscess - | Staphylococcus | Streptococcus | Gram negative bacilli | Microaerophilic anaerobic streptococci | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Staphylococcuso Therefore spinal epidural abscess is much more common than the intracranial epidural abscess.# Spinal epidural abscess is more common by a factor of nine to one.Causes of epidural abscess | Medicine | Bacteriology |
3425ba05-bb6e-400a-9f7a-0f12e1d21a34 | Feed forward control system is employed during the regulation of | Blood volume | pH | Temperature | Blood pressure | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Temperature(Ref: UMP, 4th ed/RL Bijlani p.12)There is a control system in our body when no stimulus is required but still the system ANTICIPATES and makes corrective changes. Such a system is called Feed forward or Anticipatory or Adaptive ControlExamples of feed forward controlTemperature control - Thermoregu... | Physiology | General |
d769d7ec-23b6-4c12-ab54-246e4e83031b | Tzank smear in a case of pemphigus vulgaris shows | Acantholytic cells | Macrophages | Fibroblasts | Neutrophils | 0a | single | Tzanck smear is a very simple and rapid technique. For viral infections, samples should be taken from a fresh vesicle.The vesicle should be unroofed or the crust removed, and the base scraped with a scalpel or the edge of a spatula. The material is transferred to a glass slide.In the case of blistering disorders, the i... | Dental | Autoimmune skin disorders |
cdb9aaef-9481-44e7-b153-83dde594133f | Digoxin toxicity is increased by all except - | Renal impairment | Hyperkalemia | Hypercalcemia | Hypomagnesemia | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hyperkalemia Digitalis toxicity is a2gravated by o Hypokalemia o Hypomagnesemia o Renal insufficiency o Hypercalcemia o Advanced age o Hypoxia o Acute myocardial infarction o Thyrotoxicosis o Mvxoedema o Acute Myocarditis | Pharmacology | null |
196ffd96-a0e0-4a93-b2b8-1cd8e81fe393 | The electrical potential difference necessary for a single ion to be at equilibrium across a membrane is best described by the: | Goldman equation | van't Hoff equation | Fick's law | Nernst equation | 3d | single | Ans. D. Nernst equationa. The Nernst equation calculates the membrane potential that develops when a single ion is distributed at equilibrium across a membrane.b. The Goldman equation gives the value of the membrane potential when all permeable ions are accounted for.c. The van't Hoff equation calculates the osmotic pr... | Physiology | General |
96469236-5a03-4a29-9308-c8741561444e | The most common type of Rhabdomyosarcoma is | Embryonal | Alveolar | Pleomorphic | Inflammatory | 0a | single | Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence, usually appears before age 20. It may arise in any anatomic location, but most occur in the head and neck or genitourinary tract, where there is little if any skeletal muscle as a normal constituent. Rhabdomyosarcoma is histologically s... | Unknown | null |
5fac32ac-086f-44f3-ac35-1ddb87a39a01 | Sympathomimietic causing increase in mean blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output on intravenous infusion is- | Adrenaline | Isoprenaline | Norepinephrine | Phenylephrine | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adrenaline Comparative effects oflntravenous Infusion ofadrenaline, noradrenaline and Isoprenallne AdrNAIso1. Heart rate||||2 Cardiac output|| ||3. BP-Svstolic||nbv|||Diastolic||||||Mean||||4. Blood flow Skin and mm|| Sk, muscle||||Kidney-|| Liver|| |Coronary|||5. Bronchial muscle|| ||6. Intestinal mu... | Pharmacology | Adrenergic System |
8100b75d-b7c0-4472-85e4-2dc5fc145a60 | What is Hinge fracture? | Fracture of elbow | Orbital fracture | Sutural diastasis | Basilas fracture | 3d | single | Hinge fracture also called motorcyclist fracture, fracture lines passes across the middle cranial fossa, separating the skull base into 2 halves. | Forensic Medicine | null |
b29192f2-7afc-4468-bbb4-021fce7bcc23 | Hysterectomy when done through broad ligament causes injury to? | Bladder | Ureter | Transverse colon | Urethra | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) UreterREF: Shaw's 13th ed p. 14, Danforth 10th ed page 456, COGT 2009 ed chapter 48, The 5-Minute Obstetrics and Gynecology Consult edited by Paula J. Adams Hillard page 582Ureter lies in the pararectal space in the medial leaf of broad ligament in pelvis, hence when dissecting through it during hysterectom... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Operative Gynaecology |
9a919285-b94e-4fe8-a394-f44696e32d34 | The position of mucogingival line | Shifts apically with age | Shifts coronally with age | Constant throughout the life | None of the above | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
727a1632-abd6-4e4a-bae8-a8a212520830 | In which part of the oral cavity has thinnest mucous membrane: | Buccal mucosa. | Labial mucosa. | Floor of the mouth. | Soft palate. | 2c | single | Histologically mucosa of the floor of mouth is non-keratinized, thinnest and loosely adherent to the underlying structures. Loose attachment to the underlying tissue provide free mobility to the tongue. | Dental | null |
42eeab5c-1951-4c36-aa96-d6f7e5e11165 | When a 'spontaneous perforation' of the esophagus occurs as a result of severe barotrauma while a person vomits against a closed glottis, what is the condition known as - | Mallory-Weiss syndrome | Plummer Vinson syndrome | Kartagener syndrome | Boerhaave syndrome | 3d | multi | null | Surgery | null |
b4b5558c-bc1c-47ee-b363-ce0ba85a9907 | Which of the following sphingolipidoses has a characteristic presentation of exaggerated startle response | Fabry's Disease | Tay Sachs disease | Niemann Pick disease | Gaucher disease | 1b | single | Refer the byte "Sphingolipidoses" | Biochemistry | null |
11ad0fe5-dc3b-40e3-9fa0-020bdfaa6f46 | All true about - cocaine except- | It is amide local anesthetics | It can produce sympathetic stimulation | It is metabolized by liver | It blocks the presynaptic uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine | 0a | multi | It is ester local anesthetics Cocaine was the first local Anesthetic to be used clinically. It is only natural local anesthetic. Koller introduced this in the field of ophthalmology. It is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor action. It is sympathomimetic and inhibits metabolism of catecholamine. | Anaesthesia | Regional Anesthesia |
238b92f0-46de-48b3-be9e-7163d8affa17 | Average duration of 3rd stage of labor is: | 45 minutes | 15 minutes | 60 minutes | 5 minutes | 1b | single | Stage Definition- First: From the onset of TRUE labor to full dilation of cervix. Average duration: 12 hours in primigravida and 6 hours in multigravida. Second: From full dilation of cervix to bih of the baby. Median duration is approximately 50 minutes in primigravida and 20 minutes in multigravida. Third: From bih o... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Labour - normal, abnormal, malposition, malpresentation and their management |
9375145d-631b-47b7-a24c-211ad8048601 | Fetal cardiac activity can be detected earliest by USG at which age of Intrauterine life- | 1-2 week | 2-4 week | 5-6 week | 6-8 week | 2c | single | Fetal cardiac activity can be detected earliest by USG at 5-6-week age of intrauterine life. | Radiology | ULTRASOUND |
b61e1c09-0b7d-43af-a00e-9c7a0297d07c | Which of the following can occurs in ovary, rectum and appendix - | Metastasis | Nebothian follicles | Para ovarian cyst | Endometriosis | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' Endometriosis (Ref. Shaws, 13/e, p 439 (12/e, p 370)).Endometriosis is widely dispersed. It occurs anywhere throughout the lower pelvis. The common sites are ovaries*, cul-de-sac including the uterosacral ligaments, peritoneum overlying the bladder, sigmoid colon, back of the uterus, intestinal coils and ap... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Disorders in Menstruation |
4683919b-a674-43c3-8a26-cf3d0563f3f5 | The most useful incision in the operating room for patients with penetrating pericardium injury is: | Left anterior thoracotomy. | Right anterior thoracotomy. | Subxyphoid | Median sternotomy. | 3d | single | The subxyphoid incision is useful for determining if there is blood in the pericardium and if there is an intracardiac injury; however, exposure is extremely limited, and definitive repair can rarely be performed through the incision. Left (or right) anterior thoracotomy is easily performed, especially in the emergency... | Unknown | null |
14cb40d5-4acc-41b5-b78e-5ad8cce20cc5 | All of the following are an example of Indicator media EXCEPT: | Blood agar | Eosin methylene blue (EMB) | MacConkey (MCK) | Stuart media | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Stuart mediaRef.: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. / 40, 43INDICATOR MEDIA* It is also known as differential media which distinguishes one microorganism type from another growing on the same media.* This type of media is used for the detection of microorganisms and by molecular biologists to ... | Microbiology | Culture media and method |
e53287f1-2c28-4f7d-9baf-48c02931b917 | Most common malignant tumour in childhood | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Leukemia | Lymphangioma | Neuroblastoma | 1b | single | Leukemia is the most common malignancy of childhood.There are two main subtypes,the commoner acute lymohoblastic leukemia(ALL) & acute myeloid leukemia(AML).A small propoion may have chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia(JMML).ALL is the most common childhood malignancy accounting for one-f... | Pediatrics | Childhood tumors |
87756e26-6462-431e-930e-a0e7334a0881 | A child with decreased levels of LH, FSH and Testosterone presents with delayed puberty. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis – | Klinfelter's syndrome | Kallman's syndrome | Androgen Insensitive syndrome | Testicular Infection | 1b | multi | Kallman's syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterized by a deficiency of GnRH with a resultant decrease in FSH and LH levels producing an isolated Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism Kallman's syndrome may be seen in both men and women but is more common in men. It is typically also associated with agenesis or hypoplasia... | Pediatrics | null |
3282c70b-7baa-454e-b6ad-8fbacc766bf2 | Which is not a component of MELD score | INR | Serum Creatinine | Albumin | Serum Bilirubin | 2c | single | Recently, the Child-Pugh system has been replaced by the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) system for the latter purpose. The MELD score is a prospectively derived system designed to predict the prognosis of patients with liver disease and poal hypeension. This score is calculated from three noninvasive variable... | Medicine | Nutrition |
f80cc839-d681-4d52-b1e9-3448c3ddcd0b | Which of the following interventions is not recommended in active management of third stage of Labour? | Administration of Uterotonic within 1 minute of delivery | Immediate Clamping, Cutting and Ligation of cord | Gentle massage of Uterus | Controlled Cord Traction | 1b | single | Canadian pediatric society and Cochrane database UK, has recommended delayed clamping of the umbilical cord, as it reduce the need for blood transfusion in premature babies and also reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Ref: Clinical Gynaecological Endocrinology and Infeility By Speroff, 7th Edition, Pag... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
4196529a-d92e-40a3-8e7a-2cb8f1f6b4a1 | Which of the following has highest malignant transformation rate: | Erythroplakia. | Proliferative Verrucous leukoplakia | Speckled leukoplakia. | Homogenous leukoplakia. | 1b | single | null | Pathology | null |
a26a59c8-bead-452f-87aa-e762fd3a9b88 | Waxy flexibility and stereotype verbal and behavioural signs are seen in | Paranoid schizophrenia | Hebephrenic schizophrenia | Catatonic schizophrenia | Simple schizophrenia | 2c | single | Ans. c (Catatonic schizophrenia). (Ref. Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 5th ed., 60, 254)Schizophrenia: Symptoms must be present at least 6 monthsSchizophreniform Disorder: > 1 month but < 6 months.FEATURES OF CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA# Bizarre posturing# Rigidity# Echolalia, echopraxia# Mutism# Waxy flexibility# Ambitendancy... | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia |
28a36680-cfac-4378-a0a6-dd44310500ec | Most diffusible ion across the membrane is | Cl- | K+ | Na+ | Urea | 1b | single | The resting membrane potential is close to the Nernst potential for K+, the ion to which the membrane is most permeable. . | Physiology | General physiology |
beb972c0-1f4e-4eaf-8541-6ed8d1c1c151 | A study of persons developing skin lesions following sun exposure is conducted. The lesions are not found on skin protected from ultraviolet light. Biopsies of involved skin show immunoglobulin G deposition along the dermal-epidermal junction, along with vacuolization of the basal layer and a perivascular lymphocytic i... | Bullous pemphigoid | Celiac disease | Discoid lupus erythematosus | Dysplastic nevus syndrome | 2c | single | The more benign discoid lupus involves just skin, unlike systemic lupus erythematosus, but is still a form of type III hypersensitivity with antigen-antibody complex deposition along the basement membrane of the epidermis. The other listed options are not associated with sun exposure. Bullous pemphigoid lesions occur a... | Pathology | Skin |
e9a37eac-0fb5-4911-b1ab-3e01cb46f895 | What is the normal cardiothoracic ratio in children? | 30-35% | 40-45% | 50-55% | 60-65% | 2c | single | "The cardiac silhouette occupies 50-55% of the chest width. Cardiomegaly is present when the cardiothoracic (CT) ratio is more than 55%".The CTR is measured on a PA chest x-ray and is the ratio of maximal horizontal cardiac diameter to maximal horizontal thoracic diameter (inner edge of ribs/edge of pleura). A normal m... | Pediatrics | All India exam |
8d098b39-7152-4686-8b39-0a5a1798357b | Which of the following fatty acid present in fish-oil is known for its cardio-protective function? | Arachidonic acid | Eicosapentaenoic acid | Linoleic acid | Palmitic acid | 1b | single | Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): o3 fatty acid Present in fish-oil Known for its cardio-protective action EPA inhibits the formation of thromboxanes (TX2) which are potent platelet aggregators. Hence, the intake of o3 fatty acids promotes platelet disaggregation. | Biochemistry | Lipoproteins |
e0d7c92d-7e34-406c-9f0d-cf61f9cf5d89 | Pain in left hypochondrium vomiting, diarrhea, malena, weight loss diagnosis | Cholangitis | Enterocolitis | Zollinger Ellison syndrome | Amebiasis | 2c | single | Answer- C. Zollinger Ellison syndromePeptic ulceration is the most common manifestation of Zollinger Ellison syndrome leading to left hypochondriac pain, vomlting and weight loss and ulcers refractory to medical therapy.A bleeding ulcer gives rise to malena. | Surgery | null |
a652d3ae-bfcf-4b93-b632-c3b3afb5343a | Taurodontism is seen in | Klinefelter's syndrome | Sturge weber syndrome | Down syndrome | Turner syndrome | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
2199693d-6aab-4333-9524-7f2cbfc997fa | The Normal value of P02 in healthy man is : | 45 mm Hg | 110 mm Hg | 80 mm Hg | 60 mm Hg | 2c | single | C i.e. 80 mm HgFeatureAerial blood--Mixed Venous blood (at rest)FeatureAerial blood--Mixed Venous blood (at rest) 02 tension/P0295 +- 5 mmHg40 +- 2 mm Hg02 tension/P0295 +- 5 mmHg40 +- 2 mm Hg 02 Content19 m1/100 ml14 ml /100 ml02 Content19 m1/100 ml14 ml /100 ml % Saturation of Hb95% +- 2%75%% Saturation of Hb95% +- 2... | Physiology | null |
95c85f9e-b2d9-4953-af40-beafbbfdabac | What is the minimal occlusal thickness that will provide resistance to fracture of amalgam: | 1.0 mm | 1.2 mm | 1.5 mm | 1.8 mm | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
5a76d7a5-025d-41cc-844c-6fb20e3ddfb6 | In catatonic schizophrenia, all are seen except : | Mannerism | Negativism | Echolalia | Flight of ideas | 3d | multi | D. i.e. Flight of ideas | Psychiatry | null |
a09944f9-7089-43ad-a89c-6e24a4ba33d5 | All of the following are true about paranoid schizophrenia except - | Most common type of schizophrenia | Onset in 3rd / 4th decade | Delusions of grandeur | Rapid deterioration of personality | 3d | multi | Paranoid schizophrenia is the commonest type of schizophrenia in clinical practice. The onset is later (3rd - 4th decade). The core symptoms are delusions of persecution. Other types of delusions (grandeur, reference, control, infidelity, double) and hallucinations may also occur. There is minimal or no disturbance of ... | Psychiatry | null |
0359c5c0-97ff-4bb7-963d-9793c2a54683 | Wilm's Tumour is associated with all. Except - | Hemihypertrophy | Beckwith syndrome | Aniridia | Polycystic kidney | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' Polycystic kidney disease (Ref O.P. Ghai, 5/e, p 466; CPDT, 15/e, p 808, Nelson 17/e, 617, 1749 1750,1757)Important associated malformations: syndromes associated with wilm's tumor.Aniridia*Hemihypertrophy*GenitourinaryCryptorchidism*Hypospadias*Gonadal dysgenesis*Pseudohermaphroditism *Horseshoe kidney *Be... | Pediatrics | Neoplasms of the Kidney |
32df9f43-9605-487a-a9dc-28cbe9df99af | Which of the following disorders is least likely associated with progression to lymphoma | Sjogren's syndrome | Araxia telangiectasia | Severe combined immunodeficiency | Lynch II syndrome | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Severe combined immunodeficiency Choice Cancers associated Sjogren syndrome NHL mainly MALT-oma involving salivary glands>stomach Ataxia telengectasia Elevated incidence of cancers, approximately 100-fold in comparison to the general population. In children, more than 85% of neoplasm cases are acute l... | Medicine | null |
6fa0594c-bf99-4502-ab24-2f1a377bf7fd | A patient has multiple, pearly papules on the face. Biopsy shows a malignant tumor. Which of the following features would most likely be seen on microscopic examination? | Cytoplasmic viral inclusions | Keratin | Melanin | Palisading nuclei | 3d | single | The malignant skin tumor that forms "pearly papules" on sun-exposed skin is basal cell carcinoma. A characteristic feature of this tumor is palisading of the basal cell-like nuclei at the edge of clusters of cells penetrating into the dermis. Basal cell carcinomas almost never metastasize, but can be very locally destr... | Pathology | null |
ebe1a13a-79b5-4179-8a1e-7366b4983c60 | The risk of recurrence of congenital hea disease is | 0.80% | 1% | 2-6% | 10-12% | 2c | single | The incidence of congenital hea disease in the normal population is 0.8%.The risk increases to 2-6% for a second child if the sibling is having congenital hea disease(recurrence) or if the parent is affected.When two 1st degree relatives have congenital hea disease, the risk for the subsequent child may reach 20-30%.VS... | Pediatrics | All India exam |
79c865d6-729a-455e-99bf-b8c068e72ac8 | Shanti has been diagnosed to have brain tumor. You would prefer to give her betamethasone/dexamethasone over hydrocortisone as steroids to decrease her cerebral edema because: | They do not cause Na+ and water retention | They are more potent | They can be administered intravenously | They inhibit brain tumours | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
50402463-4969-44a1-92e9-8d24eaba9829 | Which of the following occurs first with the use of d-tubocurare: | Diaphragmatic relaxation | Abdominal wall relaxation | Diplopia | Ptosis | 0a | multi | Any neuromuscular blocker when given intravenously goes to highly perfused organ like diaphragm and intercostal muscle first then facial muscle , then upper limb and last lower limb. Thus sequence of block - diaphragm and intercostal muscle - facial muscle - upper limb - lower limb | Anaesthesia | Neuromuscular Blocker |
1f107770-5de8-4865-bd34-0f9338411331 | Maximum conduction occurs in which fibres | B fibres | A alpha fibers | Sympathetic fibres | C fibres | 1b | single | SENSORY NERVE FIBERS | Physiology | null |
140fc8a6-6dfd-4bbd-9677-f18b912f78f5 | Given technique is called as: | Standardized technique | Balanced force technique | Stepback technique | Crown down technique | 3d | multi | Crown-Down Technique
Numerous modifications of the original step-down technique have been introduced, including the description of the crown-down technique. The more typical step-down technique includes the use of a stainless steel K-file exploring the apical constriction and establishing working length.
In contrast, ... | Dental | null |
e903d24f-a052-45b6-9149-4a9f1cddf619 | Which electrolyte abnormality occurs after TRUP: | Hypokalemia | Hyponatremia | Hyperkalemia | Hypernatremia | 1b | single | Ans. (b) HyponatremiaRef: Bailey 26th Edition, page 1349* Most common electrolyte abnormality during TURP is HYPONATREMIA due to water intoxication. | Surgery | Urethra & Penis |
c4cbaff0-5ba8-45e4-87a0-0dd7eadc79ca | Maximum Flexion in thoracic veebrae occurs at - | Upper thoracic | Middle thoracic | Lower thoracic | Same at all level | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e.,Lower thoracicFlexion (forward flexion) and lateral flexion (bending) -> Maximum at lower thoracic.Rotation - Maximum at mid-thoracic.FlexionExtensionLateral flexionRotationUpper thoracic - 8-9.5deg7-9-5deg throughoutUpper thoracic 55-6degUpper thoracic - 12-16degMid-thoracic 10-11.5deg Mid thoracic ->... | Anatomy | null |
b22d85a9-b3dd-429b-87a8-675c551ac29c | The most frequent non-sporing anaerobic bacilli isolated from clinical specimens is | Bacteroides fragilis | Clostridium tetani | Prevotella melaninogenica | Fusobacterium nucleatum | 0a | single | null | Microbiology | null |
14056dd7-25a7-4b04-aa3d-68ab854b0e5e | Reid index is useful in- | Glomerulonephritis | Chronic bronchitis | Cirrhosis | MI | 1b | single | Ref: Textbook of pathology (Harash mohan)6th edition, page no.478 Just as there is clinical definition, there is histologic definition of chronic bronchitis by increased Reid index. Reid index is the ratio between thickness of the submucosal mucus glands (i.e. hyperophy and hyperplasia) in the cailage-containing large ... | Pathology | Respiratory system |
8926c017-e017-4458-9631-4bc234c26388 | An 18-year-old woman has eaten homemade preserves. Eighteen hours later, she develops diplopia, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism? | Clostridium botulinum toxin | staphylococcal toxin | salmonellosis | brucellosis | 0a | single | The incubation period of C. botulinum toxin is 18-36 hours but ranges from a few hours to days. There are no sensory symptoms. Foodborne botulinum is associated primarily with home-canned food. Severe foodborne botulinum can produce diplopia, dysarthria, and dysphagia; weakness then can progress rapidly to involve the ... | Medicine | Infection |
67981693-f8cd-4ef1-88f1-17f2bdb65dbc | Anteversion of uterus is maintained by | Cardinal ligaments | Uterosacral ligaments | Pubocervical ligaments | Round ligaments | 3d | single | (D) Round ligaments[?]POSITIONS OF UTERUS:Anteversion of uterus: Long axis of uterus is bent forward on long axis of vagina, In most women.Also, long axis of body of uterus is bent forward at level of internal as with long axis of cervix (anteflexion of uterus). Thus, in erect position and with bladder empty, uterus li... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
a7c70e17-7f27-4d02-b228-744d45c8dfe0 | A 6-year-old child presents with black spots on sclera and ear. His urine sample was collected for examination (A). After 30 minutes of collection, the colour of urine sample had changed to (B). What is the most probable enzyme deficiency, child is suffering from? | Phenylalanine hydroxylase | Epimerase | Multiple carboxylase | Homogentisic acid oxidase | 3d | single | Alkaptonuria * Autosomal recessive disorder due to deficiency of enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase. Clinical features Ochronosis ( Dark spot on sclera / ear cailage ) Ahritis Darkening of urine on standing ( oxidation of homogentisic Acid) High incidence of Hea disease ( mitral / aoic valvulitis / calcification ) | Pediatrics | Disorders of Amino acid Metabolism |
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