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27bf7f8a-98ae-468a-bd92-824f850a51ff | A diabetic patient in hypoglycemia does not regain consciousness despite blood glucose restoration to normal. Which one of the following is the not likely condition ? | Cerebral edema | Alcohol intoxication | Post-ictal state | Cerebral haemorrhage | 1b | single | Alcohol consumption causes an increase in insulin secretion, which leads to low blood sugar (otherwise known as hypoglycaemia). This causes light headedness and fatigue, and is also responsible for a host of longer-term alcohol-related health problems . REf - pubmed.com | Medicine | Endocrinology |
17d6e2ce-8342-41d8-8390-a8ba69009cb6 | Which is the most common cause of acquired aeriovenous fistula? | Blunt trauma | Fungal infection | Bacterial infection | Penetrating trauma | 3d | single | Acquired aeriovenous fistulas are caused by aificial connections between adjacent aeries and veins. Penetrating injuries are the most common cause of acquired aeriovenous fistula. Other causes includes creating vascular access for hemodialysis, as complications of aerial catheterization or surgical dissection and rarel... | Surgery | null |
e6ac14d6-32b0-460d-8dc3-c17e887b88d0 | Which of the following surgery for stress incontinence has highest success rate | Bursch colposuspension | Pereyra sling | Kelly's stitch | Tension free vaginal tape (TVT) | 3d | single | TENSION FREE VAGINAL TAPE TVT has been designed from non reactive synthetic material Procedure: After exposing the region of the bladder neck on vaginal dissection, the hammock of the tape is placed underneath it to provide suppo, at the mid urethral level, the lateral extensions are brought out paraurethrally on to th... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Urogynecology |
6e9b5556-0e80-43ea-b43b-61f9bc328d61 | Best suture for common bile duct is - | Synthetic absorbable synthetic | Synthetic non-absorbable | Non-synthetic absorbable | Non-synthetic non-absorbable | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Non-synthetic absorbable | Surgery | null |
18cfd27d-3bc5-4ad7-ac62-017a391f28dd | Na+ uptake at basolateral surface of apical cells is by | Active transpo | Passive transpo | Diffusion | Osmosis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Active transpo | Physiology | null |
4a911971-ea7c-49e5-98db-793a4177bfcf | Spontaneous muscle bleeding is typically seen in: | Hemophilia | Afibrinogenemia | Von Willebrand's disease | Scott's syndrome | 0a | multi | Answer is A (Hemophilia) Spontaneous Hemahrosis and spontaneous muscle hematomas are charachteristic of moderate or severe congenital factor VIII or IX deficiency (Hemophilia). Spontaneous bleeding may also be seen in Afibrinogenemia, Von willebrand disease and Scott's syndrome (defect in platelet's activated surface t... | Medicine | null |
d327c1a8-889a-4d59-84ef-411331ed1010 | Secondary oocyte contains - | 23, X | 46, XY | 46, XX | 23, Y | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a'i.e., 23, X o OOGENESIS: | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | The Ovarian Cycle |
dd71abc7-6303-4982-8c1c-ec6ca1ad18bd | Most common site of Implantation of tubal pregnancy is : | Interstitial poion of fallopian tube | Isthmus | Ampulla | Infundibulum | 2c | multi | Ampulla | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
7f468e06-6385-4e46-9f2b-952b9d495633 | Which of the following is not a fundamental aspect of Disaster management ? | Disaster response | Disaster mitigation | Disaster awakening | Disaster preparedness | 2c | single | There are three fundamental aspects of disaster management: (i) Disaster response; (ii) Disaster preparedness; (iii) Disaster mitigation. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
038e51ce-35c7-4f33-9061-254a295a534d | Lying between 2-4 years of age indicate: | Antisocial behaviour | Testing parenteral attitude | As an adventure | Oppositionalism | 1b | single | Ans. b (Testing parenteral attitude). (Ref. Nelson, Textbook of Paediatrics, 18th/131)BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS in children (noted around 2-4 year age)# Include : Lying, Impulsiveness, Breathe holding, Decence and Temper tantrums.# Oppositionalism, temper tantrums, and breath holding spells are not unusual during the 1st ye... | Pediatrics | Growth, Development, and Behavior |
4c405f98-ccc0-4d53-9db9-e1683d4fe64b | Blow out orbit is characterized by: | Diplopia | "Tear drop: sign | Forced duction test | All | 3d | multi | A i.e. Diplopia; B i.e. Tear drop sign; C i.e. Forced duction test Blow out fracture is fracture of orbital floor or medial wall Q. It presents with emphysema of lid, subconjunctival ecchymosis, diplopia & forced duction test Q (due to entrapment of muscle), epistaxis, proptosis, enopthalmos & parasthesia in distributi... | Ophthalmology | null |
929a0bbf-04c6-4745-a974-8bf5c9f35b6d | Most common mutation in Alpo syndrome is in COL4A5, which is transmitted as - | Autosomal dominant | Autosomal recessive | X-linked | Variable, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive | 2c | single | The inheritance is heterogeneous, being most commonly X-linked as a result of mutation of the gene encoding a5 type IV collagen. Males, therefore, tend to be affected more frequently and more severely than females and are more likely to develop renal failure. Ref: Robbins book of pathology. 9th edition. Page 53 Alpo sy... | Pathology | Urinary tract |
c127927c-80e3-4439-9cec-78501f416935 | in a case of plycythemia vera which of the following rceptor overactivity is seen? | tyrosine kinase | jak 2 | c GMP | none of the above | 1b | multi | Receptor Types 1. Ion-channel Receptors (Ionotropic Receptors) 2. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (Metabotropic receptors) 3. Kinase-linked Receptors 4. Intracellular Receptors (Cytosolic Receptors) 5. Enzymes as Receptors 6. Drugs which act through Modulation of Voltage Gated Ion Channels (Voltage-Operated Channels) POLYC... | Physiology | All India exam |
93c2fd1b-2d3a-4dba-866e-dba0c8a9707b | Pain of ovarian carcinoma is referred to: | Back of thigh | Cervical region | Anterior surface of thigh | Medical surface of thigh | 3d | single | pain in the medial surface of thigh may be due to irritation of obturator nerve.other features include abdominal pain,abdominal lump,abdomibal discomfo,postmenopausal bleeding,weight loss,cachexia,anemia are the symptoms of advanced stage of cancer. Refer page no 526 of Text book of obstetrics,sheila balakrishnan. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology |
f40703d3-88e5-4d62-8481-74f0384932b6 | The most common site of fracture mandible is | Ramus | Coronoid process | Alveolar process | Parasymphyseal region | 3d | single | Fractures of the mandible (Dig man's classification)Condylar process35% Angle of mandible20%Body of mandible20%Symphysis 15%Alveolar process5%Ramus 3%Coronoid process2%Most common fracture - condylar fracture followed by angle, body & symphysis of the mandible (mnemonic - CABS)(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedi... | Orthopaedics | All India exam |
2b064f3a-3159-487c-85e8-9fae7299700b | Acrodermatitis enteropathica is seen with deficiency of: | Zinc | Iron | Copper | Vitamin A | 0a | single | a. Zinc(Ref: Nelson's 20/cp 344-345, Ghai B/e p 121-122)Deficiency of zinc leads to acrodermatitis enteropathica, in which rashes shown on skin, especially around the orifices. | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
6c6bcc9c-7b51-4ae7-9158-814a7fe24168 | False regarding delirium tremens ? | Tremors | Opthalmoplegia | Visual hallucination | Clouding of consciousness | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ophthalmoplegia Delirium tremens Delirium tremens is the most severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It occurs usually within 2-4 days of complete or significant alcohol abstinence. This is an acute organic brain syndrome (delirium) with characteristic features of delirium. Clouding of consciousness with... | Psychiatry | null |
f069d049-21a5-481b-bfdc-f5f6794a211e | The condition highlighted by the arrow in the occlusal radiograph in a 8 year old child could be due to: | Non-vital tooth | Impacted tooth | Ghost tooth | Mesiodens | 3d | single | null | Pathology | null |
bfc7b465-cd7f-4925-9e1c-b3cffa35cf52 | Investigation of choice to diagnose epilepsy is: | MRI | EEG | CT scan | Angiogram | 1b | single | Ans: bRef: Harrison, 16thed, p. 2363- 2364 | Medicine | C.N.S. |
e3e8aa16-8c68-49f6-9657-422e09a0b641 | An X ray of thewrist and handin given below . If there is a damage to structureE, Which of the following muscle weakness does it cause ? | Flexor carpi radialis | Palmaris longus | Flexor carpi ulnaris | Brachioradialis | 2c | single | The hook of hamate and the pisiform provide inseion for the flexor carpi ulnaris. Also note- If the floor of anatomic snuff box and origin of abductor pollicis brevis are damaged, bones most likely to be involved is B i.e. scaphoid forms the floor of the anatomic snuffbox and provides a site for origin of the abductor ... | Anatomy | Upper limb : Miscellaneous |
62f0c0a1-fa25-4897-8269-7df506efda6c | Radiological signs of acute pancreatitis include the following except - | Colon cut-off sign | Cullen's sign | Renal halo sign | Sentinel loop sign | 1b | multi | All the given signs are present in acute pancreatitis. However, Cullen's sign is a clinical sign (not radiological sign). | Radiology | null |
fcc83de3-b2b0-4adc-9cd9-e84f197c3d07 | Low osmolarity ORS - false statmenf is - | Glucose concentration 75 mmol/liter | Sodium eoncentation 75 mmol.'! iter | Gsmolarity is 311 mosm/liter | Postassium is 20 mmol1'here | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Osmolarity is 311 mosm/iitero Osmolarity of cow osmolarity ORS is 245o Standard ORS is 311o Resomal is 300Composition Comparison ofReSoMaL, Standard WHO, and Reduced-Osmolarity WHO ORS SolutionsCompositionReSoMal (mmol/L)Standard ORS (mmol/L)Reduced osmolarity ORSGlucose12511175Sodium459075Potassium40... | Pediatrics | Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders |
eedaeb29-73be-46ed-9d98-222e348eb8a4 | Leukotriene antagonists is: March 2009 | Nicordanil | Zileuton | Sodium chromoglycate | Montelukast | 3d | single | Ans. D: Montelukast Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies. It is usually administered orally. Montelukast is a CysLT1 antagonist; that is it blocks the action of leukotriene D4 (and secondary ligands LTC4 and LT... | Pharmacology | null |
4dff9ee3-d8a1-4f29-bad7-9ab14e0e9e7f | Sialograhy of normal salivary gland reveals the ductal architecture as having an appearance of | Sausage string | Fruit-Laden tree | Leafless tree | Bailin hand | 2c | single | null | Pathology | null |
45861c0d-5f7e-427a-baef-7e46c6f503e9 | Sphincter urethrae is present in | Prostatic urethrae | Spongy urethrae | Membranous urethrae | Penile urethrae | 3d | single | The urethral sphincters are two muscles used to control the exit of urine in the urinary bladder through the urethra.The internal sphincter is a continuation of the detrusor muscle and is made of smooth muscle, therefore it is under involuntary or autonomic control. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg372-376 | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
18278491-ad52-4ac7-a57d-a7525d9896f2 | High Anion gap is seen in - | Renal failure | Lactic acidosis | Diarrhoea | Alcoholics | 1b | single | Renal failure : Non anion gap metabolic acidosis. Diarrhea : Non anion gap metabolic acidosis. Alcoholics : metabolic alkalosis + metabolic acidosis Ref: Harrison&;s 19thE | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes |
6fa231ee-1357-421e-a960-475f5d0710a6 | What is the diagnosis of the following examination of the fundus | Diabetic retinopathy | Hypeension retinopathy | Optic atrophy | Central retinal vein occlusion | 1b | single | This is the case of Hypeensive retinopathy with scattered flame (splinter) haemorrhages and cotton-wool spots. Hypeensive retinopathy is retinal vascular damage caused by hypeension. Signs usually develop late in the disease. Funduscopic examination shows aeriolar constriction, aeriovenous nicking, vascular wall change... | Ophthalmology | Vitreous and retina |
3e192c3d-1013-444c-912b-ae64469f27a5 | You see four postmenopausal patients in the clinic. Each patient has one of the conditions listed, and each patient wishes to begin hormone replacement therapy today. Which patient would you sta on therapy at the time of this visit? | Mild essential hypeension + tension headache | Liver disease with abnormal liver function tests | Treated stage III endometrial cancer | Undiagnosed genital tract bleeding | 0a | single | Absolute contraindications to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy are estrogen-dependent tumors (breast or uterus) active thromboembolic disease undiagnosed genital tract bleeding active severe liver disease malignant melanoma. Past or current history of hypeension, diabetes, or biliary stones does not automatic... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecology |
ceed88ec-9001-4873-9c1f-3e369187fca3 | Turner syndrome - | 45XO | 46XO | 47XXX | Trisomy 21 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 45XOTrisomy 13- Patau syndromeTrisomy 18- Edward syndromeTrisomy 21- Down syndromeXO- Turner syndromeXXY- Klinefelter syndrome | Pediatrics | Genetics of Common Disorders |
1a126118-5c22-4e95-b38c-623adbe8fa00 | Cystic degeneration is seen commonly in | Submucous fibroid | Subserosal fibroid | Interstitial fibroid | Cervical fibroid | 2c | single | Cystic degeneration is seen commonly seen in interstitial fibroid. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
7e5ae0d6-de7c-42c6-aa0d-18e27ee1c070 | IPPV is useful in: March 2009 | Hemopneumothorax | Pneumothorax | Flail chest | Hemothorax | 2c | single | Ans. C: Flail chest PPV can be effectively used in the treatment of flail segments, which characteristically render negative pressure breathing ineffective, but does not impede PPV. Flail chest is traditionally described as the paradoxical movement of a segment of chest wall caused by fractures of 3 or more ribs anteri... | Surgery | null |
3a1e8b56-1958-4b66-beb5-b6d90a6ccd8c | An adolescent child complains of night pain in the knee. It could be due to - | Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis | Idiopathic growth pain | Osteosarcoma | Paget's disease | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis Causes of knee pain in adolescence (..)Time of the knee pain helps in the diagnosis of the disorders : - I. Night pain indicates i) Inflammatory disorder ---)Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis. ii) Bursitis, synovitis iii) Tumor Osteosarcoma Pain at the end of the day and after ac... | Pediatrics | null |
62e6358a-3f38-40cd-a044-5a3e561369dd | Hypercalcemia is associated with all of the following, except: | Sarcoidosis | Celiac disease | Milk alkali syndrome | Hyperparathyroidism | 1b | multi | Hypercalcemia can be caused by conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, granulomatous diseases (TB, sarcoidosis), milk alkali syndrome, total parenteral nutrition, adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma and by drugs (thiazides, vitaminA, anti estrogens). Celiac disease is not associated with hypercalcemia. ... | Medicine | null |
556d3615-0a77-4829-bdab-e8a741380378 | All of the following are true about b thalassemia trait, Except - | Microcytic hypochromic picture | ↑ed HbA2 | ↑ed HbF | Patient requires blood transfusion | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
fa6ba3db-40bb-487c-9681-96e4acb08c6e | Schwartz sign is seen in -(PGI 98) | Otosclerosis | Meniere's disease | ASOM | CSOM | 0a | single | (A) Schwartz sign also known as Flemingo's pink sign, is a diagnostic indicator for otosclerosis, a disease of the bones of the middle or inner ear. In clinical examination of the ear drum, increased vascularity of the promontory may be seen through the ear drum. | ENT | Otosclerosis |
0fb18048-57e5-407b-9439-c0ea73e044c6 | Which of the following compounds is an analogue of hypoxanthine? | Arabinoside C | Allopurinol | Ribose phosphate | 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) | 1b | multi | Allopurinol acts on purine catabolism, without disrupting the biosynthesis of purines. It reduces the production of | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
fd901c28-1941-4175-87e0-4ee413a7998f | Cholinesterase activators are useful for the treatment of which poisoning? | Paraquat | Parathion | Carbamates | Organochlorocompounds | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
14f53d98-7343-4431-8758-cd2d351af1ad | Physiologically inactive form is | Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II | Angiotensin III | Angiotensin IV | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) Angiotensin I(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.696)Angiotensin II & III got physiological activitiesAngiotensin I is only the precursor of Angiotensin II | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids |
d17db306-2b05-418c-a4b7-d95e2f3dd6ba | In anterior colporrhaphy, the best method of suture apposing the vaginal flaps is: | Interrupted | Continuous | Interlocking | Interrupted mattress | 0a | single | ANTERIOR COLPORRHAPHY An inveed T incision is made on the anterior vaginal wall. the horizontal incision is made below the bladder and the veical incision is made staing from the midpoint of the tranverse incision upto a point about 1.5 cm below the external urethral meatus. The traiangular vaginal flaps including the ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Urogynecology |
921ab2e2-b398-49aa-892a-a9d12449d12a | The drug of choice for chempprophylaxis in contacts of a patient of penumonic plague is | Penicillin | Rifampicin | Erythromycin | Tetracycline | 3d | single | Cholera: Tetracycline or furazolidone for household contacts Bacterial conjunctivitis: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment Diphtheria: Erythromycin Influenza: Oseltamivir Meningitis, meningococcal: Ciprofloxacin, and minocycline Plague: Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Pr... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
652d5890-94a5-4567-bb17-ec9682c6f33e | Management of pancreatic abscess is - | Needle aspiration | Gastrocystostomy | External drainage | Jejunocystostomy | 2c | single | Pancreatic absecess is a complication of acute pancreatitis. It is a circumscribed intraabdominal collection of pus, usually in proximity to the pancreas containing little or no pancreatic necrosis.
Treatment-- antibiotics and external drainage (percutaneous catheter based method or surgical). | Surgery | null |
276efef0-0d32-42e8-a854-fe603d2f8906 | Neurogenic shock is characterized by | Hypeension and tachycardia | Hypeension and bradycardia | Hypotension and tachycardia | Hypotension and bradycardia | 3d | single | High spinal cord injury there is failure of sympathetic outflow and adequate vascular tone (neurogenic shock). The cause in sepsis is less clear but is related to the release of bacterial products (endotoxin) and the activation of cellular and humoral components of the immune system. There is maldistribution of blood f... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
8885f990-a0e9-4b9d-a82e-28ec0868a1ed | Stop codons are all except - | UAG | UAA | UGA | UGG | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., UGG* Out of 64 codons, 3 are stop codons. The three stop codons are UGA, UAG, UAA.# Exception is mitochondrial DNA - in mitochondria, UGA is not a stop codon. It codes for Tryptophan. Instead AGA and AGG act as stop codons in mitochondrial DNA.* 61 codons code for 21 aminoacids. Hence more than one co... | Biochemistry | Molecular Genetics |
091409dd-5f4c-4d74-b2af-30007d65c583 | Systolic thrill in left 2nd or 3rd intercostal space is seen in - | Subpulmonic VSD | Pink TOF | Ebstein's anomaly | Pulmonary stenosis | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
b878f231-d678-4778-ab1d-75950f137408 | Features seen in hemolytic anemia are all except : | Tear drop and Burr cells | Haptoglobin | Reticulocytosis | Hemoglobinuria | 0a | multi | Tear drop and Burr cells [Ref Harrison 171h/e p652 16th /e p. 6071 Burr cells are seen in uremia. Tear drop cells are seen in myelofibrosis. Haptotoglobin is an a -globulin present in high concentration in serum. It binds to free haemoglobin produced as a result of hemolysis. The hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex is rapid... | Surgery | null |
8f870b3d-4905-4a56-a377-23833e3ecd17 | The right placement of double lumen tube inseion gold standard of confirmation- | capnography | fibreoptic bronchoscopy | bilateral auscultation | None of the above | 1b | multi | The most common complication of double lumen tube intubation is malposition of double lumen tube which is prevented by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Trouble-shooting techniques for DLT inseion include using fiberoptic bronchoscope to cannulate bronchus and then rail road tube over the scope (perhaps the gold standard approa... | Anaesthesia | Airway |
e8848f27-e38c-4c70-8e45-4c1c76d4a498 | Immunoglobulin changes in variable region - | Idiotype | Isotype | Allotype | Epitope | 0a | multi | an idiotype is a shared characteristic between a group of immunoglobulin or T cell receptor (TCR) molecules based upon the antigen binding specificity and therefore structure of their variable region Reff: www.mayoclinic.com | Microbiology | Immunology |
1dd72853-6fbf-46d6-aceb-03a8a4edc712 | The tissue of which lesion has been described as resembling a 'blood soaked sponge with large pores'? | Cavernous hemangioma | Capillary hernangioma | Aneurysmal bone cyst | Eruption hematoma | 2c | single | null | Pathology | null |
2e4f8a2f-054f-4fec-b498-b2df27089c4d | A cell is placed in a medium containing radioactively labelled thymidine. After the cells undergo replication 3 times, what percentage of the cells will have both strands of DNA labelled? | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | 2c | multi | Keep in mind that question asks about cells with label on both strands. Question is based on the Meselson & Stahl experiment. Due to semiconservative mode of replication, In each round of replication, one strand is old and one is synthesized new in newly replicated DNA (see fig below). Red strand represents the labeled... | Biochemistry | Replication |
46f8b8b9-0153-4a2d-8ed9-75c520b2e6da | Force required for headgear to restrain maxillary growth is: | 50-100 gm per side | 150-200 gm per side | 250-500 gm per side | 750-1000gm per side | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
f3f9c1ee-cd33-4dac-b4da-dd82ab741243 | A 14 year old boy comes to the physician with complaints of seizures & some skin macule as shown below. What can be the probable diagnosis? | Sturge weber syndrome | Turcot syndrome | Tuberous sclerosis | Von Hippel disease | 2c | single | Ans. C. Tuberous sclerosisa. Above given image shows Ash leaf macule.b. It is the earliest manifestation of Tuberous sclerosis.c. This condition is Autosomal dominant.d. Clinical features of this disease are-- Seizures- Mental disability- Ash leaf macule- Adenoma Sebaceum- Shagreen patch(collagenoma)- Cortical tuberse.... | Medicine | C.N.S. |
296dc415-49ee-42f6-96af-9ba0b0f84dc2 | NOT a feature of pleural effusion: September 2012 | Horizontal fluid level | Low lung volume | Muffled hea sounds | Decreased chest movements | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. Horizontal fluid level | Medicine | null |
c8c35c05-20a5-4054-b89a-5222bdd52b77 | The given instrument is used for harvesting the graft from healthy area in split skin thickness graft. What is this called? | Humby knife | Silvers knife | Dermatome | Catlin amputating knife | 0a | multi | Ans. A. Humby knife* This is a "Humby" skin-grafting knife, formerly owned by Sir Edward "Weary"Dunlop, and made in 1950s.Silver's knifeBrown dermatome | Surgery | Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery |
83cece73-f4fb-4cf7-a146-083532d1eb35 | Most commonly used statistical average - | Mean | Median | Mode | None | 0a | multi | Arithmetic mean
It is the most commonly used statistical average.
To calculate mean, add up the values of all individual observation and then divide by the number of observations.
The process of adding together is called summation and is denoted by the sign ∑ or S.
The individual observation is denoted by ŋ
The mean ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
51b6b314-4ff7-4299-8b6a-a552f245dde9 | For a survey a village is divided into 5 lanes then each lane is sapled randomly is an example is - | Simple random sampling | Stratified random sampling | Systematic random sampling | All of the above | 2c | multi | - systematic random sample is done by picking every 5th or 10th unit at regular intervals. - by this method ,each unit in the sampling frame would have the sane chance of being selected, but the number of possible samples is greatly reduced. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, p... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
2d27571d-f844-44d6-b059-00d585035288 | Legionnaire disease is caused by? | Motile gram positive | Motile gram negative | Non-motile gram positive | Non-motile gram negative | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Motile gram negative . Legionnaire disease is caused by legionella pneumophila, which is a gram-negative motile coccobacilli. | Microbiology | null |
44260a72-1fd0-45cf-9516-3237fc2ead0d | Which of the following is not expressed in majority of cases of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) | CD19 | CD10 | CD7 | 3d | single | CD19 is a pan B-cell marker. CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen) is CD 10. CD45 is known as leukocyte common antigen (LCA). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a specialized DNA polymerase that is expressed only in pre-B and pre-T lymphoblasts, is positive in more than 95% of cases. CD7 is comm... | Pathology | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
fd5d4bc6-c28e-4992-aa4d-fed1402944de | In a one-year-old child intubation is done using: | Straight blade with uncuffed tube | Curved blade with uncuffed tube | Straight blade with cuffed tube | Straight curved blade with cuffed tube | 0a | single | Pediatric Airway Management - Equipment . Tracheal intubation remains the standard for airway maintenance during many procedures. Generally, a tracheal tube of the largest possible internal diameter should be chosen to minimize resistance to gas flow and avoid an excessive leak around the tube. It is impoant, however, ... | ENT | null |
05d62cd5-0959-4c8c-83ce-3a05875c4abe | A female presents with a history of progressive breathlessness. Histology shows heterogeneous patchy fibrosis with several fibroblastic foci. The most likely diagnosis is - | Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia | Non specific interstitial pneumonia | Usual interstitial pneumonia | Desquamative interstitial pneumonia | 2c | single | Presence of heterogeneous, patchy fibrosis with fibroblastic foci is characteristic of usual interstitial pneumonia (a type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia).
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (Idiopathic interstitial lung disease)
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) comprise a group of diffuse parenchymal ... | Pathology | null |
ee262b03-effd-4a7b-b8d4-f71cbf1c56b5 | Which is the only nerve which exits the brainstem on dorsal side ? | Facial | Trigeminal | Trochlear | Abducent | 2c | single | Unique features of trochlear nerve are :?i) Most selender cranial nerve.ii) Only cranial nerve to emerge on the dorsal aspect of brain.iii) Only cranial nerve to undergo complete internal decussation before emerging i.e. right trochlear nerve arises from left trochlear nucleus and vice versa.iv) Has'longest intracrania... | Anatomy | null |
eb3884f6-faf1-44b9-9a20-0f761f747e1c | True about anorexia nervosa are all except | Leukopenia | Amenorrhea | Self induced vomiting | More common in adult females | 2c | multi | Ans:C.)Self Induced Vomitting. ANOREXIA NERVOSA This disorder is characterized by self imposed dietary restrictions leading to malnutrition and severe weight loss. Clinical features Females are far more commonly affected than males. Onset usually occurs between the age of 10-30 years, usually in mid adolescence. A deli... | Psychiatry | null |
2697407f-e8d7-427a-92d8-0f285121d503 | Vipeholm study is used in | Oral cancer | AIDS | Caries | Periodontal disease | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
d2593a38-b962-4fb0-bf22-d46a67e41e02 | Contraindications to MRgFUS uterine fibroid are all except | Myoma size >10cm | Vascular myomas | Uterine size > 24 weeks | Abdominal wall scars | 1b | multi | Myomas with poor perfusion is contraindication to MRgFUS. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
5caf4424-33df-4ac7-98cf-f3088aafe441 | Izumi fever is caused by: | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Burkholderia mallei | Yersinia pseudotuberculosis | Pasteurella multocida | 2c | multi | Ans. is. 'c' i. e., Yersinia pseudotuberculosis | Microbiology | null |
e0db3f09-26f1-487d-99ae-0c083a6983bd | Maximum chances of ABO isoimmunization is seen in? | O+VE Mother to A+VE child | O+VE mother to B+VE child | A+VE mother to 0+VE child | B+VE mother to O+VE child | 0a | single | TEXT BOOK OF PATHOLOGY HARSHMOHAN 6THEDITION PG NO 341 HDN due to ABO incompatibility. About 20% pregnancies with ABO incompatibility between the mother and the foetus develop the HDN. Naturally-occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies' which are usually of IgM class do not cross the placenta, while immune anti-A and ant... | Pathology | General pathology |
8053b2eb-c24f-4330-bc7e-8bd7d17e051b | Prevalence of HIV infection in antenatal women is less than 1% and in high risk population is less than 5%. The state belongs to ? | Group I | Group II | Group III | Group IV | 2c | single | Ans. is `c' i.e., Group III Based on sentinel surveillance data HIV prevalence in adult population can be broadly classified in three groups of state / UT sin the country. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4d547af5-92fa-441a-b406-38db1f1ba519 | Gegenhalten (paratonia) indicates lesion in | Parietal lobe (dominant) | Temporal lobe (dominant) | Frontal lobe (dominant) | Parietal lobe (non-dominant) | 2c | single | Ans. c (Frontal lobe) (Ref. Harrison 18th/Fig 370-9).PARATONIA: | tone that varies irregularly in a manner that may seem related to a degree of relaxation, is present throughout the range of motion, affects flexors and extensors equally, usually results from lesion of bilateral frontal lobes or dominant frontal lobe.RI... | Medicine | C.N.S. |
cd18c187-b4ff-4c38-9ffa-4ae9c74bbac5 | All are pas of vulva except | Labia minora | Labia majora | Perineal body | Clitoris | 2c | multi | The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora (outer lips), labia minora (inner lips), clitoris, and the external openings of the urethra and vagina. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg 358 , pubmed.com | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
55200cdf-226c-4462-ad82-7b453fa1d4e4 | A 41 year female patient is taking steroids from long duration. Now she presents with onset of severe pain in the hip. Which imaging investigation can be used to diagnose this condition? | MRI | CT | USG | X-Ray | 0a | single | Patient on long term steroids that presents with pain must be suffering from AVN( avascular necrosis). IOC to look for AVN is MRI. | Radiology | Musculoskeletal Radiology |
36a3db30-9929-450f-9251-354b72deb0c2 | b-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as propranolol is used in the treatment of which of the following? | Performance anxiety | Substance use disorders | Lithium tremor | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D. All of the aboveIndications for b-adrenergic receptor antagonists are lithium tremor, major depressive disorders, substance use disorders, performance anxiety, and neuroleptic-induced akathisia. The five b-adrenergic receptor antagonists most frequently studied for psychiatric applications are propranolol, meto... | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry |
4b12c82e-2b99-491e-a06e-99a2011a7b31 | Splenectomy can be performed after immunization against which of the following organisms: | Haemophilus influenza | Streptococcal pneumonia | Neisseria meningitides | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D. All of the aboveSplenectomy is usually performed after 6 years of age following immunizations against H influenza type b, streptococcal pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides. Post splenectomy patients receive penicillin prophylaxis to prevent sepsis usually up to adulthood. | Pediatrics | Infection |
d906752a-ca7f-4199-8a52-26e99bf064ec | An elderly male presents with pain in his shoulders and hips. Temporal arteries are tender to palpation. ESR is 105 mm/L. | Churg-Strauss syndrome | Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. | Temporal arteritis | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis) | 2c | single | The large vessel vasculitides include temporal (giant cell) arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Temporal arteritis typically occurs in older patients and is accompanied by aching in the shoulders and hips, jaw claudication, and a markedly elevated ESR. Takayasu arteritis, a granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its... | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
708a51ba-7b62-4775-bc0d-cc8659fec547 | A butcher, who is fond of eating raw hamburger, develops chorioretinitis; a Sabin-Feldman dye test is positive. This patient is most likely infected with | Trichinosis | Schistosomiasis | Toxoplasmosis | Visceral larva migrans | 2c | single | Toxoplasmosis, for example, is generally a mild, self-limiting disease; however, severe fetal disease is possible if pregnant women ingest Toxoplasma oocysts. Consumption of uncooked meat may result in either an acute toxoplasmosis or a chronic toxoplasmosis that is associated with serious eye disease. Most adults have... | Microbiology | Parasitology |
d787fcb7-c142-47e4-ba59-701316a34205 | Cyclo propagative means: | Only development | Only multiplication | No development and no multiplication | M ul ti plication and development | 3d | single | Ref: Park 'Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine', 22nd edition.Explanation:Biological transmission PropagativeOnly multiplication, eg - plague bacilli in flea, dengue virus in mosquitoCyclo developmentalOnly development eg- filariai parasite in mosquitoCylco propagativeMultiplication and development eg. malarial ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | General |
bc662826-ec98-4b87-b2ab-b2e135190137 | All of the following have non-scarring alopcia, EXCEPT: | T. capitis | Androgenic alopecia | Alopecia areata | Lichen planus | 3d | multi | Lichen planus - Lichen Planus is a muco-cutaneous disease of immunological origin. It leads to a characteristic pruritic, papular, violaceous eruption of polygonal shape and is often covered with fine scales. Lichen planus most commonly leads to thick patchy rough, scaly skin that develops on the flexor surfaces of the... | Skin | null |
631bbdc4-2f41-48b7-aac0-acff8f0e5020 | In IV hyperalimentation, we give -a) Hypertonic salineb) Fatsc) Amino acidsd) Dextrosee) LMW dextran | abc | ad | bc | bcd | 3d | single | Parenteral alimentation involves the continuous infusion of a hyperosmolar solution containing carbohydrates (Dextrose), proteins, fat and other necessary nutrients (eg. Vitamins, trace minerals). | Surgery | null |
ffca4fc6-0ebf-43d6-a1bd-cd7449d624da | Guerin fracture is: | Maxillary fracture | Maxillary and zygomatic fracture | Maxillary and nasal bone fracture | Nasal bone fracture only | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
1a814009-bacf-4bca-95d2-99a4db6ae569 | Which of the following is not a derivative of the middle ear cleft ? | Semicircular canal | Mastoid air cell | Tympanic cavity | Eustachian tube | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Semicircular canal The middle - ear cleft in the temporal bone includes :? Eustachian tube The middle ear (tympanic cavity) Aditus which leads posteriorly to the mastoid antrum and air cells. | ENT | null |
ba889248-edd1-45b9-80a9-7e819611dfc9 | Sinus bradycardia with MI T/T- | Atropine | Digoxin | Calcium channel blocker | Propranolol | 0a | single | Sinus bradycardia is a common arrhythmia in patients with inferior or posterior acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs). The highest incidence, 40%, is observed in the first 1-2 hours after AMI. Use of atropine in patients with acute myocardial infarction and sinus bradycardia. Atropine is the drug of choice for management... | Medicine | C.V.S |
e8a538bb-4558-4a50-91fe-09e16901a6e8 | All are helpful for the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea except: | High glucose | High protein | Tram line | Beta transferrin | 0a | multi | Following trauma of the midface, CSF may emanate from a dural tear, resulting in rhinorrhea, otorrhea, or both.
The disruption usually occurs lateral to the cribriform plate but may also result from disruption of the sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and frontal sinuses producing a dural tear and communication with... | Surgery | null |
1f6fb330-6121-43f4-98cd-71b166fa9e61 | Hemorrhage leads to: September 2005 | Septicemic shock | Neurogenic shock | Hypovolemic shock | Cardiogenic shock | 2c | single | Ans. C: Hypovolemic shock Hypovolemic shock refers to a medical or surgical condition in which rapid fluid loss results in multiple organ failure due to inadequate circulating volume and subsequent inadequate perfusion. Most often, hypovolemic shock is secondary to rapid blood loss. Acute external blood loss secondary ... | Surgery | null |
a2861f5d-5614-406b-8e2b-fcee59804fbe | Renin is synthesized as a large preprohormone: Renin is secreted by which among the following? | PCT | DCT | Collecting duct | Juxtaglomerular apparatus | 3d | single | Ans. D. Juxtaglomerular apparatusActive renin:In the juxtaglomerular apparatus and is formed in the secretory granules of the granular cells. Only known function of its is to cleave the decapeptide angiotensin I from the amino terminal end of angiotensinogen i.e. renin substrate. | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids |
b61a16c8-9196-48cd-9b27-53b06bbc0bff | Define perinatal period? | The interval between the bih of an infant born after 20 weeks' gestation and the 28 completed days after that bih | The interval between the bih of an infant born after 20 weeks' gestation and the 7 completed days after that bih | The interval between the bih of an infant born after 28 weeks' gestation and the 28 completed days after that bih | The interval between the bih of an infant born after 28 weeks' gestation and the 7 completed days after that bih | 0a | single | Perinatal period: The interval between the bih of an infant born after 20 weeks' gestation and the 28 completed days after that bih. When perinatal rates are based on bihweight, rather than gestational age, it is recommended that the perinatal period is defined as commencing at 500 g.Ref: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th ed... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
19133ca4-8f84-4f1a-8f62-d3e76b1e86ac | Skin is not involved in - | Erythropoietic porphyria | Porphyria cutanea torda | Acute intermittent porphyria | Hereditary coproporphyria | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Acute intermittent porphyriaType of PorphyriaNeuropsychiatric symptomsSkin symptoms/PhototoxicityA. Hepatic porphyrias1) Acute intermittent porphyria2) 5-ALA dehydratase deficiency3) Hereditary coproporphyria4) Variegate porphyria5) Porphyria cutanea tarda++++---+++B. Erythropoietic porphyrias1) Eryth... | Skin | Vesiculobullous (Blistering) Disorders |
0bb0b24e-490a-4ce1-a054-924b6de70a55 | MEDNIK syndrome - which of the following is true | Caused by mutations in the AP1S1 gene | Disorder of copper metabolism | Mental retardation, deafness, neuropathy are seen in this disorder | All of the above | 3d | multi | A rare multisystem disorder of copper metabolism with features of both Menke's and Wilson's diseases has been repoed. It is termed the MEDNIK (mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, neuropathy, ichthyosis, keratodermia) syndrome and is caused by mutations in the AP1S1 gene, which encodes an adaptor protein necessar... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
8742256b-6b9e-414f-952e-62273625a63e | Nerve tested in pupillary reflex is | 2nd and 3rd | Only 3rd | only 2nd | 3rd and 5th | 0a | single | Afferent - 2nd nerve.
Efferent - 3rd nerve. | Ophthalmology | null |
efa8c6f3-cb24-476a-ab19-70f016d32a58 | Rivastigmine and Donepezil are drugs used predominantly in the management of - | Depression | Dissociation | Delusions | Dementia | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dementia o Rivastigmine, Donepezil, Galantamine and tacrine all are central cholinesterase inhibitors and are used in senile dementia of Alzheimer's desease. | Pharmacology | null |
f28603ee-fea9-4207-8afc-f5bb0bd167e8 | Sphincter of Oddi consists of | 2 sphincters | 3 sphincters | 4 sphincters | 5 sphincters | 1b | single | The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices through the ampulla of vater into the second pa of the duodenum. It is named after ruggero oddi. Ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg259 , britannica.com | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
fdc021aa-a766-4103-9d0a-60e96877138b | Rabies is identified by - | Guarnieri bodies | Negri bodies | Cowdry A bodies | Cowdry B bodies | 1b | single | Few Important Bodies in Microbiology
Bollinger bodies — Fowlpox
Brassy body — Dark shrunken blood corpuscle found in malaria
Call exner bodies — Granulosa theca cell tumour
Chromatid bodies — Entamoeba histolytica precyst
Citron bodies — cl. Septicum
Cigar bodies — Sporotrichosis
Councilman bodies — Yellow feve... | Microbiology | null |
d7fc1874-20b6-4ede-858c-12d8ae7a0387 | A 24-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain, joint discomfort, and lower limb rash. She was well until 1 week before presentation. On examination, she has a palpable purpuric rash on her legs, nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and no active joints. She has 3+ proteinuria, normal WBC, no eosinophils, and elevated c... | polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) | Churg-Strauss disease | Henoch-Schonlein purpura | vasculitis associated with infectious diseases | 2c | multi | Henoch-Schonlein purpura, characterized by palpable purpura, arthralgias, GI symptoms, and glomerulonephritis, can be seen in any age-group but is most common in children. It can resolve and recur several times over a period of weeks or months and can resolve spontaneously. | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
809686b3-7ed8-4af4-ae6f-33a0092ede82 | In acute intermittent porphyria which enzyme is deficient? | ALA synthase | Uroporphyrinogen I synthase | Uroporphyrinogen II synthase | Uroporphyrinogen III synthase | 1b | single | It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. PBG-deaminase (uroporphyrinogen-I-synthase) is deficient. 2. This leads to a secondary increase in the activity of ALA synthase since the end-product inhibition is not effective. The levels of ALA and PBG are elevated in blood and urine. As they are colorless compounds, u... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
2238e46f-0d77-412e-9063-9ba12f0727ce | A 72 year old male presented with complete rectal prolapse with
history of constipation from the last 10 years. Management for this
patient Is | Delorme procedure | Well’s resection | Abdominal Rectopexy | Resection Rectopexy | 0a | single | For young pts - Abdominal rectopexy is preferred.
For old pts - perineal rectopexy is preferred (delormes, altamaier).
Underlying cause must be treated. | Surgery | null |
9ed1fec9-add8-4ebe-8646-082e0be3cb20 | The most impoant example of a compensated hemolytic anemia becomes decompensated, is when: | Infected with TB | Infected with parvovirus B19 | Liver disease | Renal cell carcinoma | 1b | single | A patient with a hemolytic condition may present without anemia (Compensated hemolytic anemia) It becomes decompensated in Pregnancy Folate deficiency Renal failure (Interfering with adequate EPO production). Also in Acute infections- which depresses erythropoiesis. The most dramatic example is parvovirus B19 infection... | Medicine | null |
de086c94-2c35-4a25-8576-a645e7407aa3 | A 31 year old female patient complainsts of bilateral impairment of hearing for the 5 year.On examination, tympanic membrane is normal and audiomgram shows a bilateral conductive deafness. Impedance audiometry shows As type of curve and acoustic reflexes are absent. All constitute part of treatment,except - | Hearing aid | Stapedectomy | Sodium fluoride | Gentamycin | 3d | multi | null | ENT | null |
e8f3e8bc-ee92-4a87-aaef-cc9128cf9e0d | Powerful vasoconstrictor is? | Amphetamines | Epinephrine | Isopreenaline | Dobutamine | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epinephrine Among the given options, only epinephrine has significant action on a-receptor, thus causes vasoconstriction. Svmpathomimetic drugs Non selective Adrenaline - a, + a, + 13, + [3, Noradrenaline- a, + a, + [3, + Slight 13, no. 132 Isoprenaline- R + [32+ 133 but no a action Mephentramine- a a... | Pharmacology | null |
c470eba5-1ec3-408c-9c22-2e240f4e0d3e | All of the following statements are true regarding ligamentum denticulatum except | It is a modification of arachnoid mater | They are 2 in number on each side with 21 triangular processes | It serves as a neurosurgical landmark for AP sectioning of spinal cord | Its having a serrated appearance | 0a | multi | Ligamentum denticulatum is not a modification of arachnoid mater. It is a modification of the pia mater. The ligamentum denticulatum is a flat fibrous sheet on either side of the spinal cord present between the ventral and dorsal spinal roots. It serves as a neurosurgical landmark for hemisectioning of the spinal cord.... | Anatomy | Brain |
21b668a5-7de5-402b-868d-cee736a62d91 | Wrong about clonidine is ? | Alpha 2 receptor agonist | First line for ADHD | Sudden withdrawal causes rebound hypeension | Controls loose motions due to diabetic neuropathy | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., First line for ADHD o Behavioural therapy is the first line therapy for the treatment of ADHD. The first line drug for ADHD is Methylphenidate. Clonidine It acts (paial agonist) on areceptors, especially a2 in brainstem - Stimulation of a2A receptors in medulla (vasomotor centre) - decrease sympatheti... | Pharmacology | null |
bfddc441-8b13-42d2-a06e-de13883eef99 | A 25 years old man marries a 13 years girl and has intercourse with her, this constitutes rape as she is- | <15 years age | <14 years age | <21 years age | No consent taken from wife | 0a | single | Sexual intercourse with wife, even with her consent is rape, if she is below 15 years of age. | Forensic Medicine | null |
0d015449-3054-40a9-8daa-66d545dc9011 | 'Gamma knife' is a term used to denote which of the methods of treatment? | Radiotherapy | Chemotherapy | Nuclear medicine | Radioisotope scan | 0a | single | Gamma Knife radiosurgery allows for the destruction of a brain lesions without cutting the skin. By focusing many small beams of of radiation on abnormal brain tissue the abnormality can be destroyed while preserving the normal surrounding structures. The Gamma Knife uses 201 narrow beam Cobalt 60 sources all aimed at ... | Radiology | null |
ab08b548-3783-468c-9522-70c94d5470c6 | A child having H/0 profuse watery diarrhoea not taking oraly and not passed urine since 2 days, what to be given | Milk | ORS | I.V. fluid | I.V. antibiotic | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., I.V. fluid Child having history of profuse watery diarrhoea with poor oral intake and not passed urine since 2 days is suffering from diarrhoea with dehydration and probably acute renal failure of pre renal types. Here best choice is intravenous I.V. fluid If I.V. access not possible, then you can giv... | Pediatrics | null |
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