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e45b6ff9-fb5f-47fa-83a9-30e09d893967 | A G2P1 A0 presents with full-term pregnancy with tranverse lie in the first stage of labour. On examination, cervix is 5 cm dilated, membranes are intact and fetal hea sounds are regular. What would be the appropriate management in this case : | Wait for spontaneous evolution and expulsion | External cephalic version | Cesarean section | All | 2c | multi | Cesarean section | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
43fb2a4c-1d10-4c48-b2c8-c6b55911e3b6 | Organic nitrates can lead to the development of tolerance when used chronically. Which of the following preparations is least likely to develop tolerance: | Sustained release oral nitroglycerine | Sublingual nitroglycerine | Transdermal nitroglycerine | Oral pentaerythritol tetranitrate | 1b | multi | Tolerance develops to nitrates, when these are present constantly in the blood. Sublingual route leads to immediate action of nitrates and these act for a sho time. Other preparations mentioned in the question are more likely to give consistent plasma levels of nitrates leading to development of tolerance. | Pharmacology | CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction |
61d213ea-3ed8-487b-8ffa-35e6a5589ca7 | Which of the following drugs is an inhibitor of cytochrome p450 enzymes? | Ketoconazole | Rifampicin | Phenytoin | Phenobarbitone | 0a | single | Ans. (A) Ketoconazole(Ref: KDT 8th/e p30)Ketoconazole is a powerful microsomal enzyme inhibitor whereas rifampicin, phenobarbitone and phenytoin are enzyme inducers. | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology |
ddc5513f-e167-44a3-b0f1-a9eb66bf1035 | The mother of a 2-week-old infant reports that since birth, her infant sleeps most of the day; she has to awaken her every 4 hours to feed, and she will take only an ounce of formula at a time. She also is concerned that the infant has persistently hard, pellet-like stools. On your examination you find an infant with n... | Congenital hypothyroidism | Congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) | Sepsis | Infantile botulism | 0a | single | The clinical findings of congenital hypothyroidism are subtle, and may not be present at all at birth; this is thought to be a result of passage of some maternal T4 transplacentally. Infants with examination findings will usually have an umbilical hernia and a distended abdomen. The head may be large, and the fontanell... | Pediatrics | New Born Infants |
680a03b7-e5bd-4f51-98de-a2c4bc9ea8b1 | A 30 year old patient with radiographic appearance of endosteal bone formation, sclerosed bone is likely to be suffered from? | Garre's osteomyelitis | Chronic focaL sclerosing osteomyelitis | Acute osteomyelitis | Chronic osteomyelitis | 1b | single | null | Pathology | null |
f8fba79f-a606-4352-8fc1-95e46a7ae73f | Number of ovum at bih is | 2-3 million | 2-5 million | 7-10 million | 10-15 million | 0a | single | In humans no ova formed after bih. at time of bih there are 2 million ova.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no: 401 | Physiology | Endocrinology |
345ba827-103d-4ed8-a424-59ef76cfd596 | All of the following is used for gradation of coma in Glasgow coma scale except- | Eye opening | Motor response | Verbal response | Bladder function | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
9f44e46e-e779-4592-8329-2b54e2e9a7e5 | A 40 year old male patient came for routine checkup. Patient is a smoker and has a sedentary lifestyle .General examination reveals truncal obesity. Physician warns the patient against the coronary heart disease chances. The physician is evaluating the risk factors which maybe all except: | High blood pressure | Gender | Obesity | Hard water drinking | 3d | multi | Additional factors considered to play a part in coronary heart disease include high blood pressure, smoking, male gender, obesity (particularly abdominal obesity), lack of exercise, and drinking soft as opposed to hard water. Factors associated with elevation of plasma FFA followed by increased output of triacylglycero... | Biochemistry | null |
e2924713-a49a-4bd2-8af6-764d38392141 | A 30-year-old woman complains of weakness and fatigability over the past 6 months. She has a 3-month acute history of severe hypertension that has required treatment with antihypertensive medications. Radiographic examination reveals a tumor of her right suprarenal gland. The patient is diagnosed with a pheochromocytom... | Preganglionic sympathetic fibers | Postganglionic sympathetic fibers | Somatic motor fibers | Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers | 0a | single | The preganglionic sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal gland would be cut during adrenalectomy for they synapse on catecholamine-secreting cells within the adrenal medulla. Unlike the normal route of sympathetic innervation, which is to first synapse in a sympathetic ganglion and then send postganglionic fibers to... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
c1c24fde-a1db-404f-946f-ef5d33afd372 | Treatment of choice for acute panic attacks is - | Barbiturates | Benzodiazepines | TCAs | MAO inhibitors | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Benzodiazepines Treatment of Panic disorderso Two most effective treatment are:1) Pharmacotherapy:- The cornerstone of drug therapy is andidepressants. SSRIs (Fluoxetine or other) are the preferred agents. Because therapeutic effect of antidepressants takes some time to develop, intially Benzodiazepine... | Psychiatry | Panic Disorder |
7204d483-9f5e-4617-8a8e-739d2c374b31 | You are conducting an autopsy on a patient and you find the so-called ladder tears near the main lesion on a major blood vessel. What is the most likely cause of the injury and subsequent death of the person? | Rapid deceleration | Penetrating injury | Lightning strike | Strangulation | 0a | multi | The aoa may rupture as a result of sudden deceleration as in A. The aoic rupture is circular and clean cut and appears as if it was cut by a sharp knife. Sometimes multiple transverse internal tears adjacent to the main rupture is seen and these are called ladder tears. Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine by Narayana Re... | Forensic Medicine | null |
1d231372-d23e-4b29-ab7b-924b4d46812a | Dilution segment in nephron is: | Ascending LOH | Descending LOH | Collecting tubule | Proximal tubule | 0a | single | Ans. a. Ascending LOH | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids |
42d3a313-0165-46b2-a7d1-6b93ef253ad6 | Which of the following hormones exerts the least effect on calcium metabolism of bone tissue? | Androgen | Estrogen | Nor epinephrine | Thyroid hormone | 2c | single | null | Physiology | null |
9c8369fc-14e1-45f9-a3a5-25709a9cf714 | A 9-year-old boy is brought with history of decreased urine output, cola colored urine and swelling of the face & hands of 2 days duration. He is hypeensive, has a puffy face and pitting edema of the lower limbs. He has history of skin lesions 4 weeks earlier. A diagnosis of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is mad... | 2 weeks | 4 weeks | 8 weeks | 6 weeks | 2c | single | C3 levels are likely to return to normal in- 8 weeks According to some sources, C3 level normalises in 6-8 weeks & according to other, its 8-12 weeks. So the closest ans- 8 weeks | Pediatrics | Nephritic & Nephrotic Syndrome |
72c23fe1-1e2a-4b96-b0d5-2b8e2ff79dbc | A child has a history of profuse watery diarrhea, not taking orally and not passed urine for 2 days, which of the following to be given? | Milk | ORS | IV fluids | IV antibiotics | 2c | multi | A child having a history of profuse watery diarrhea with poor oral intake and not passed urine for 2 days is suffering from diarrhea with dehydration and probably an acute renal failure of pre-renal types.Here the best choice is intravenous fluids.If IV access not possible, then you can give feed through Ryle's tube or... | Pediatrics | All India exam |
f11aa600-629a-4bdc-a6cc-034e49da8753 | The physical quality of life index takes into account all of the following factors except | Infant moality | Life expectancy at age one | Literacy | Income | 3d | multi | Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 17 PQLI includes literacy, infant moality rate and life expectancy at age 1. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
0a3f92ca-9afe-4e07-954f-b8587609e684 | Prolactin secretion is inhibited by: | Dopamine antagonist | GABA | Neurophysin | Bromocripitine | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e. BromocriptineRef. K.D.T. 4th/ep244, K.D.T 5th/ep217Prolactin is under predominant inhibitory control of hypothalamus through prolactin releasing inhibitory hormone (PRIH).PRIH is a dopamine that acts on pituitary lactotrope D2 receptor.So, Dopaminergic agonists decrease plasma prolactin levels. These a... | Pharmacology | Bromocriptine |
eae3c974-9d82-4906-800b-f1d5d4534fa4 | All are true about intermittent claudication except | Most common in calf muscle | Pain is positional | Atherosclerosis is impoant predisposing factor | relieved by rest | 1b | multi | <p> Intermittent claudication: Crampy pain in the muscles seen in limbs. Due to aerial occlusion, metabolites like lactic acid and substance P accumulate in the muscle and cause pain. Site of pain depends on site of aerial occlusion. Most common site is calf muscles. Pain in foot is due to block in lower tibial and pla... | Surgery | Vascular surgery |
d2b8926a-755b-4402-83f6-522f4578a0d3 | Which of the following plays an important role in retinol mobilization? | Zinc | Iron | Manganese | Magnesium | 0a | single | Zinc plays an important role in retinol mobilization. | Biochemistry | null |
bb0188ae-5f1c-4c0a-a175-c57ab2a7f2f2 | Following is true regarding opening snap : | It is a high-pitched diastolic sound | It s due to opening of stenosed aoic valve | It indicates pulmonary aerial hypeension | It preceedes the aoic component of second hea sound | 0a | multi | Answer is A (It is a high pitched diastolic sound) Opening snap is brief high pitched sound heard in early diastole. Opening snap brief high pitched sound heard in early diastole (Ejection sound are heard in systole) It is usually due to stenosis of an (A.V.) most often mitral value. It follows second hea sound, A2 by ... | Medicine | null |
76b3ef43-4f36-4b92-aca8-8b730d2a325c | A 20-year-old woman complains of headache and discomfort in both sides of her jaw. Physical examination reveals enlarged parotid glands that are slightly tender on palpation. There is reddening of the orifice of Stensen duct on intra oral examination; her temperature is 38.3degC, and the pulse rate is 80/min. Laborator... | single blood sample for a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) | blood cell count | blood culture | single blood test for a specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) | 3d | multi | A single test revealing a specific IgM antibody can confirm the disease. Acute and convalescent titers of specific IgG antibodies will also confirm the diagnosis of mumps. Urine, saliva, and throat swabs will grow the mumps virus, but blood does not. Salivary amylase is elevated but is relatively nonspecific. Of course... | Medicine | Infection |
64658e9a-9034-42b1-99fe-aaad9cc2a587 | Cell injury occurs due to | Decreased cellular ATP generation | Cytosolic Ca++ | Membrane damage | Intracellular K+ | 0a | single | Cell injury occurs due to decreased generation of cellular ATP ATP is necessary for Na+--K+ ATPase pump and Ca pump action and many other cellular functions for the existence of the cell THE MORPHOLOGY OF CELL AND TISSUE INJURY It is useful to describe the structural alterations that occur in damaged cells before we di... | Pathology | General pathology |
5f1231f2-b69e-4831-bc2c-768b79ff4b87 | Hypotension with muffled heart sounds and congested neck veins is seen in? | Cardiac tamponade | Pericardial effusion | Constrictive pericarditis | Acute congestive heart failure | 0a | single | Ans. A. Cardiac TamponadeBeck's triad is a collection of three medical signs associated with acute cardiac tamponade, an emergency condition wherein fluid accumulates around the heart and impairs its ability to pump blood. The signs are:1. Low arterial blood pressure2. Distended neck veins3. Distant, muffled heart soun... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
9bd5d468-9668-41fb-a003-9c3eb987f81f | Sampson's Theory proposed to explain endometriosis is | Embolization of menstrual fragments through lymphatic channels. | Metaplastic changes in embryonal cell rests. | Reflux of menstrual endometrium. | Histogenesis by induction. | 2c | single | Sampson's theory: Reflux of menstrual endometrium through fallopian tubes causes endometriosis. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a1197326-ba8b-4603-b934-ee5bafffe106 | Russell's traction is used in: | Inter-trochanteric fracture | Fracture Shaft of femur | Low back ache | Flexion deformity of hip | 0a | single | Russell's traction Trochanteric fractures (described as skin traction) Best treatment for interochanteric fracture is Dynamic hip screw. The fracture is reduced under X-ray control and fixed with Dynamic hip screw / Gamma nail or proximal femoral nail. Dynamic Hip Screw: OTHER OPTIONS: Fracture shaft femur- gallows tra... | Orthopaedics | Fracture Management |
6906b562-bbbd-4800-bdbe-a010d9b6c096 | Mucus plugs containing epithelial cell aggregations arranged as whorls of shed epithelium in the airway mucus plugs seen in bronchial asthma is known as: | CharcotLeyden crystals | Curshmann spirals | Creola bodies | None of above | 1b | multi | (Refer: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8thedition, pg no: 691)
Histopathology of bronchial asthma
The mucus plugs contain whorls of shed epithelium, spiral shaped mucus plugs called Curshmannspirals
Numerous eosinophils.
Charcot-Leyden crystals - collections of crystalloid made upof an eosinophil lysophospholipa... | Unknown | null |
43dd09f7-80ed-484c-a4f4-2d4fafed564c | Simplest and most common method of measuring variation is | Mean | Median | SD | Range | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
890f8311-b778-4ec6-886a-bcb5e4fe0193 | If both the parents are carriers of the beta-thalassemia gene, the chance of having a child with thalassemia major in each pregnancy is | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% | 0a | multi | Normally, the majority of adult hemoglobin (HbA) is composed of four protein chains, two a and two b globin chains arranged into a heterotetramer. In thalassemia, patients have defects in either the a or b globin chain, causing production of abnormal red blood cells (In sickle-cell disease, the mutation is specific to ... | Pathology | General pathology |
91662407-9e6a-49aa-9402-a166bdeb231b | Patients with chronic pancreatitis gives chain of lakes appearance in ERCP examination. Management is | Total pancreatectomy | Sphicteroplasty | Side to side pancteaticojejunostomy | Resecting the tail of pancreas and performing a pancteaticojejunostomy | 2c | single | Surgical procedures in chronic pancreatitis Ideal procedure : DPPHR(Beger's procedure) In presence of poal vein thrombosis : Frey's Small duct disease : V- Shaped excision Disease recurrence in body and tail (after DPPHR, Whipple's or Longmire-Transverso procedure) : V-shaped drainage Disease limited to tail: Spleen - ... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
aa2cb917-ab4d-44c6-a76a-dbf1baab0b17 | Splaying and Cupping of the metaphysis is seen in – | Rickets | Scurvy | Paget's disease | Lead poisoning | 0a | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
362b3c4c-4a0a-4717-873b-1a8a0efb84f3 | Hand foot mouth syndrome is caused by - | Parvovirus 6 | Parvovirus 19 | Coxsackie virus A 16 | Coxsackie virus A 19 | 2c | single | HFMD id caused by coxsackie virus A16,A9,B1-3 REF:ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.491 | Microbiology | Virology |
39895a7c-9d63-4e90-8bcf-824431ab28c5 | Polyhydramnios- | 2000cc | I500cc | l000cc | 500cc | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 2000cc | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Hydramnios and Oligo Hydramnios |
799b19e6-d582-4e37-b019-0c6884e41418 | The WHO index for fluorosis is based on: | Dean's index | McKay's index | Community Fluorosis index | Public Health fluorosis index | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
2ba0f9b4-2122-4660-be99-8feee2e7cf73 | Choose the appropriate lettered structure in this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the back. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by vascular choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain and accumulated in which space? | A | B | C | D | 3d | single | (d) The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found in the lumbar cistern, which is a subarachnoid space in the lumbar area. CSF is produced by vascular choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain, circulated in the subarachnoid space, and filtered into the venous system through the arachnoid villi and arachnoid granulation... | Anatomy | Upper Extremity |
e8d2c1b9-5518-4f61-96b1-8d7858f0e9c9 | Drug of choice for Mycoplasma pneumoniae is : | Penicillin | Tetracycline | Cefuroxime | Erythromycin | 3d | single | Answer is D (Erythromycin): | Medicine | null |
a92de0d0-7b3e-4f68-ad95-11fc9f1283ea | The treatment of acute Periapical abscess is | Endodontic therapy or extraction | Incision and drainage only | Pulp capping | None of the above | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
6321a0f9-9d63-41f9-b941-b92554e122b7 | In myocardial infarction the infarct accquires hyperemic rim with an yellow centre at ? | 3-7 days | 10-20 days | 7-14 days | 1-2 hours | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 3-7 days | Pathology | null |
e7beecdc-9d6b-41a1-baf3-50f9690bea33 | HbA2 is increased In - | Alfa-thalassemia | Iron deficiency anemia | Beta-thalassemia | Sickle cell trait | 2c | single | <p>In beta thalassemia , hemoglobin electrophoresis shows presence of increased amounts of HbF,HbA2 and complete absence or presence of variable amounts of HbA.The increased level of HbA2 has not been found in any other hemoglobin abnormality except beta thalassemia .</p><p>Harsh mohan textbook of pathology 6th edition... | Medicine | Haematology |
8ee459f4-736e-4552-b95a-a6453b34f58e | Gretaest psychiatric burden in society is due to? | Depression | Schizophrenia | OCD | Alcohol abuse | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) Depression.REF: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 8pt 8px; text-indent: 0; text-align: left">Psychiatric disorders contribute 33% of years lived with daily depression contributes to maximum burden followed by problems due to alcohol | Psychiatry | Major Depression |
9520d222-6eab-4f18-ad41-e5e2e30b432d | A female infant is born approximately 10 weeks prematurely (at 30 weeks) and weighs 1710 gm. She has respiratory distress syndrome and is treated with endogenous surfactant. She is intubated endotracheally with mechanical ventilation immediately after bih. Over the first 4 days after bih the ventilator pressure and the... | Persistent foramen ovale | Patent ductus aeriosus | Ventricular septal defect | Pulmonary stenosis | 1b | multi | Patent ductus aeriosus. The presence of a murmur could be indicative of any of the conditions. The presence of a continuous machine-like murmur is indicative of a patent ductus aeriosus (PDA). Usually, as in this case, the premature baby with PDA does not acutely become cyanotic and ill, although brief desaturations ca... | Surgery | null |
8cce0360-9dad-40c0-b0e0-ea4b5235c653 | Which of the following is the only intrinsic muscle of larynx that lies outside the laryngeal framework- | Cricothyroid | Superior constrictor | Cricopharyngeus | Lateral cricothyroid | 0a | single | Cricothyroid is the only intrinsic muscle which lies outside the cartilagenous framework. | ENT | null |
5e791046-4f23-47df-95f8-9fec52307ee3 | Sarcoidosis is associated with: | Band keratopathy | Systemic amylodosis | Angioid streaks | Cataracta nigra | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Band kerotopathySarcoidosis is associated the band keratopathy from metabolic derangement resulting in hypercalcemia and from chronic uveitis. | Ophthalmology | Cornea |
1db27e6b-598b-47a2-b5b0-787bb34044c7 | Which of the following is a direct branch of Inferior mesenteric artery? | Superior rectal artery | Middle rectal artery | Inferior rectal artery | Inferior epigastric artery | 0a | single | Ans. A Superior rectal arteryRef: Gray's, 41st ed. pg. 1088, 1138Branches of Inferior Mesenteric Artery* Left colic artery: supplies descending colon* Sigmoid artery: supplies sigmoid colon* Superior rectal artery: terminal branch of IMA* Marginal branchesNote* Middle rectal artery: branch of internal iliac artery (ant... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
57a76bc8-d79a-4e92-9a98-0fbc5dd20c89 | Maternal moality is reduced to - | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 1b | single | In 2008,a global reduction in maternal death to 200 is estimated.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-515. | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics |
1d969ef2-9c72-4666-b8a0-61517135297e | Which of the following is a protease inhibitor ? | Lamivudine | Saquinavir | Delavirdine | Zidovudine | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
ddc0eb7b-cb17-40f5-83eb-491686df801a | How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 30 | 32 | 31 | 34 | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 31 * There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal). Spinal nerves are mixed nerves containing both sensory and motor fibres. | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy |
adbdfff0-31b6-4d82-b94b-eb2c7e6de49b | Blood supply of prelaminar optic nerve is | Short posterior ciliary arteries | Branch retinal artery | Ophthalmic artery | Meningeal arteries | 0a | single | null | Ophthalmology | null |
3a48db4a-e0c7-4521-960b-681b718b04f7 | Which of the following group of drugs follows zero order kinetics with high dose | Phenytoin and Propranolol | Amiloride and probenacid | Alcohol and theophylline | Digoxin and propranolol | 2c | single | drugs which follow zero order kinetics- methanol, ethanol mixed order - 1st order at a low dose and zero order at high dose- aspirin, phenytoin, tolbutamide, digoxin, warfarin, theophylline most of the drugs usually follow 1st order kinetics and they are considered safe drugs Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed | Pharmacology | General pharmacology |
6e0f954e-044b-45df-b84f-bbb9fb9c76cd | Fifth disease is caused by | Parvo virus 70 | HPV | Hepatitis Virus | HPV | 0a | single | (A) Parvo virus 70 # ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM (FIFTH DISEASE): The disease is caused by Human Parvovirus.> Erythema infectiosum is the most common clinical manifestation of human parvovirus infection.NAMENUMBERVIRUS(Rubeola) measles"First disease"Measles virusRubella, ("German Measles") identified in 1881."Third disease"Ru... | Microbiology | Misc. |
170b8bb1-df6b-401c-94ae-2fd3f8b711a0 | A patient of maniac depressive psychosis is on lithium, clozapine and fluphenazine. During the course of treatment, he developed seizures and tremors. He is drinking water heavily and had recurrent episodes of urination. Which drug is responsible for these complications: March 2012 | Lithium | Clozapine | Fluphenazine | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans: A i.e. Lithium Drugs for Schizophrenia and side-effects Dose related side effects of lithium includes polyuria/polydypsia, weight gain, tremor etc. Common side effects of clozapine are anticholinergic, antiadrenergic etc. Potentially life threatening side effects includes fatal agranulocytosis, fatal myocarditis, ... | Psychiatry | null |
cbb66e93-5341-46a2-bd8e-7f03ef765f8f | Thyroxine is synthesized from which amino acid | Arginine | Lysine | Methionine | Tyrosine | 3d | single | The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3)and thyroxine (T4), are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. Iodine is necessary for the production of T3 and T4. A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T3 and T4, enlarges the thyro... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
7e68e070-dab8-428d-8f30-fa73ad4c9293 | The toxic effect of beta receptor antagonists includes all the following EXCEPT | Hypoglycemic episodes in diabetes | Worsening of preexisting asthma | Ischemic cardiac episode on abrupt discontinuation | Precipitate migrainic effect | 3d | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
b0d2a048-02ed-4353-b8e0-b60ae9885e61 | Which of the following is a differentiating feature of anopheles from aedes mosquito - | Pupa has broad siphon | Eggs are oval shaped | Wings unspotted | Popi are short | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pupa has broad siphon Differentiation between anopheiini and culiciniTribe GenusAnopheiini AnophelesCulicini Culex, Aedes, ManosniaEggs1. Laid singly2. Eggs are boat-shaped and provided with lateral floats1. Laid in duster or rafts, each raft containing 100 - 250 eggs (except-Aedes)2. Eggs are oval-sh... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Entomology |
51b0fea6-592c-4967-b85b-a75862e5f80b | All of the following cause inhibition of CYP3A except. | Saquinavir | Ritonavir | Itraconazole | Erythromycin | 0a | multi | Ans. (A) Saquinavir(Ref: Katzung 11th/e p58, 863)All the drugs given in the options are microsomal enzyme inhibitors. Among protease inhibitors, ritonavir is the strongest inhibitor of CYP3A4 enzymes whereas saquinavir is the weakest. | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles |
a6734dbc-2dff-4f24-a6ba-8d1d2ce4fdc0 | Delinking Malaria activity from Family planning was under the recommendation of | Mudaliar committee | Chadah committee | Mukerji committee | Kaar Singh committee | 1b | single | Chadah committee recommended that the vigilance operations in respect of the national malaria eradication programme should be the responsibility of the general health services ie primary health centres. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 874 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health programmes in India |
842f97ac-d7fa-4a89-a9cc-780d7c0ed236 | Hind milk is rich in? | Water | Fat | Proteins | Zinc | 1b | single | Ans. b (Fat) (Ref. OP Ghai Essential Paediatrics 6th ed., 150)HIND MILK comes later towards the end of feed and richer in fat content and provides more energy, and satisfies the baby's hunger. Thus the composition of milk also varies during the phase of feeding. For optimum growth, the baby needs both fore and hind mil... | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
5506684f-044a-4c7b-a6ee-380953bd12e9 | Hunt Hess scale is used for | SAH | SDH | Menigiomas | Tuberculosis | 0a | single | Ans. (a) SAH* Hunt and Hess Scale is used for Sub arachnoid hemorrhage* It helps to predict the outcome based on Clinical features. | Surgery | Nervous System |
d12443e9-a2b8-4a57-b19b-e0e269d51767 | Which is the medium used for Vibrio cholerae? | Thayer—Martin medium | TCBS medium | Scirrow’s medium | Loeffler’s medium | 1b | single | null | Unknown | null |
9d715d05-b8e4-4fda-bf8c-5c2a322da978 | Myxoviruses include -a) Orthomyxovirusb) Influenzac) Measlesd) Polioe) HSV | ab | bc | acd | abc | 3d | single | null | Microbiology | null |
43466e5e-98d9-4558-9124-c5ed04c3a12d | Which nerve repair has the worst prognosis? | Ulnar | Radial | Median | Lateral popliteal | 3d | single | Common peroneal nerve (Lateral popliteal nerve) has two main characteristics.
The most common nerve lesions of the lower limb.
Worst prognosis after nerve reconstructive surgery.
Recovery potential after nerve repair
Excellent: - Radial, Musculocutaneous, femoral, digital nerves
Moderate: - Median, Ulnar, Tibial
Poo... | Orthopaedics | null |
e1e39568-2365-4b02-ac33-3ac4b91a847b | Macrocytic anemia may be seen in all of these except- | Liver disease | Copper deficiency | Thiamine deficiency | Vitamin B12 deficiency | 1b | multi | Copper deficiency is manifested by hypochromic normocytic anemia, osteopenia, depigmentation, mental retardation and psychomotor abnormalities.
Thiamine, pyridoxine and Bl2 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
Classification of megaloblastic anemia | Pathology | null |
06cd15f9-64eb-4adb-94c6-b356f2063b8c | The most important sign of significance of renal artery stenosis on an angiogram is – | A percentage diameter stenosis > 70% | Presence of collaterals | A systolic pressure gradient > 20 mm Hg across the lesion | Post–stenotic dilatation of the renal artery | 1b | single | The presence of arterial collaterals indicates that renal artery stenosis is hemodynamically significant. The diameter of stenotic segment may also give an indication of hemodynamic significance, but is only reliable if the stenosis is either very severe or minimal . | Radiology | null |
a8fae452-37bb-4d32-b9f6-4469e8951f6d | The epithelial lining of the urethra below the opening of the ejaculatory ducts is | Stratified cuboidal epithelium | Stratified columnar epithelium | Transitional epithelium | Stratified squamous epithelium | 1b | single | The epithelium of the urethra stas off as transitional cells as it exits the bladder. Fuher along the urethra there are psuedostratified columnar and stified columnar epithelia, then stratified squamous cells near the external urethral orifice. There are small mucus-secreting urethral glands, that help protect the epit... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
bd298c50-6fa6-45df-afea-6d85999e853a | A 37 year old primi Rh negative patient is very concerned above her pregnancy at this age. Her pregnancy is 16 weeks and she is HIV negative, hepatitis B surface Ag neg, Rubella non immune and has no complain.Her triple test report is normal but still due to her age she insists on getting an amniocentesis done.Which of... | Advise against amniocentesis as it will increase the risk of isoimmunisation | Follow Rh titres carefully and give Anti D if evidence of isoimmunisation is present | Give Anti D at 28 weeks of pregnancy and after delivery if baby is Rh neg | Give Anti D prior to her amniocentesis | 3d | multi | Points worth noting are:
Primi patient with Rh negative blood group
She is 37 years old-elderly primi (>30 years) and has risk of Down syndrome (>35 years)
She is concerned about the risk of having a down syndrome baby at this age and so insists on having amniocentesis done.
Option a: Advise against amniocentesis as ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
686a1a53-d1f4-4465-a7e0-09dbac75c6f2 | What is the pressure at which oxygen is stored? | 75psi | 1600psi | 760 psi | 2200 psi | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 2200 psi GasType of cylinder and storage formColour codeCapacityPressurePin-IndexOxygenE. cylinderH. cylinder}GasBlack with white shoulderE-660 lit.H-6900 lit.2200 psi2.5Nitrous oxideEH}LiquidBlueE- 1590 lit.H-15800 lit.760 psi3.5AirE. gasGrey body with black & white shoulder625 lit.2000 psi1,5Carbond... | Anaesthesia | Breathing Systems |
1b969fbf-b925-4aeb-8541-cb12031c2914 | A 10 year old female patient complains of tiredness and shortness of breath. Patient is a known case of beta-thalassemia. This disease is caused by faulty splicing of: | hnRNA | snRNA | scRNA | snoRNA | 0a | single | Faulty splicing can cause diseases: Splicing of hnRNA has to be performed with precision to produce functional mRNA. Faulty splicing may result in diseases. A good example is one type of beta-thalassemia in humans. This is due to a mutation that results in a nucleotide change at an exon-intron junction. The result is ... | Biochemistry | null |
173d0f3c-84a7-4c58-a298-41a1fde943ee | Heparin inhibits Xa by | Blocking vitamin K mediated activation of Xa | Activating Antithrombin III | Direct breakdown of Xa | Blocking P2 Y12 receptor of ADP | 1b | single | Heparin contains pentasaccharide unit that activates Antithrombin III & inhibits factor Xa (Thus it is a indirect thrombin inhibitor).
Unfractionised heparin also contains a heteropolysaccharide unit that inhibits factor II a.
LMWH lacks this heteropolysacchoride unit and therefore inhibitors factor Xa only. | Pharmacology | null |
63df7b09-e8fa-46f4-afdd-c6929d852b0e | TRUE about blood supply of scaphoid | Mainly through ulnar aery | Major supply from ventral surface | Major supply from dorsal surface | Proximal supply in antegrade fashion | 2c | multi | Major blood supply to the scaphoid is the radial aery. 70-80 % of the intraosseous vascularity and the entire proximal pole is from branches of the radial aery entering through the dorsal ridge. | Anatomy | Upper limb : Miscellaneous |
5785d8f2-5f50-424a-bbf2-c7997f0bfd9a | A girl 15 yrs of age is diagnosed with MRKH (Mayer Rokitansky kuster Hauser Syndrome). Which of these is true for her management? | Vaginoplasty to be done as soon as diagnosed | Sex of rearing should be male | Gonadectomy is to be performed | Child bearing can be possible through assisted reproduction | 3d | multi | vaginoplasty should be done before onset of sexual activity sex of rearing should be female gonadectomy is to be done for Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and not for MRKH as it has a normal functioning ovary child bearing is possible through assisted reproduction as the patient has normally functioning ovaries, through... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Intersex |
b111b48d-3b49-420c-8738-8f60ac703f3c | The net protein utilization of rice is – | 20% | 40% | 63% | 81% | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
43062ab0-4685-4f36-86d5-55f7c45a1025 | For most effective cutting and long usefulness of a tungsten carbide bur, it should be | Rotating slowly before contacting the tooth | Rotating rapidly before contacting the tooth | Placed in contact with tooth before starting | Rotating rapidly before entering in to the oral cavity | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
a1c85086-a8b0-419d-83f1-526650ce6507 | Infective stage of hook worm is: | Trophozoite form | Filiform larva | Cyst | None | 1b | multi | Ans. b. Filiform larva | Microbiology | null |
246698aa-d624-49bb-af6c-b0140947423c | All of the following are examples of traction epiphysis, except - | Mastoid process | Tubercles of humerus | Trochanter of femur | Condyles of tibia | 3d | multi | Condyles of tibia are pressure epiphysis.
All other given options are traction epiphysis | Anatomy | null |
55261ff4-9d94-4b4a-a34c-aa4bac475828 | Stellate wound may be seen in which of the following bullet entry wounds - | Contact shot | Close shot | Distance shot | Two feet distance | 0a | single | The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ;28th edition ;pg.no 130 In a contact shot the muzzle blast & the negative pressure in the barrel following discharge may suck blood ,hair fragments, tissue,cloth fibers several cm. Back inside the barrel called back spatter .back spatter is more com... | Forensic Medicine | Mechanical injuries |
d9d63f6c-138c-4e4f-8c9f-32049474f9dc | The level of blister formation in bullous pemphigoid is - | Intra epidermal | Sub epidermal | Subcorneal | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sub epidermal Site of blistersIntraepidermalSubepidermal (Dermo-epidermal)1) Subcorneal (granular layer)1) Junctional (at Basal lamina)o Blister is in granular layer or just below stratum corneumi) Junctional epidermolysis bullosaii) Bullous pemphigoidiii) Toxic epidermal necrolysi si) Pemphigus folia... | Skin | Pemphigoid Group |
1da347e9-2770-47f1-a9d2-48c2d13eaa08 | Koenen tumor seen in ? | Neurofibromatosis | Tuberous sclerosis | Struge weber syndrome | Tuberculosis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Tuberous sclerosis Periungual fibromas (Koenen's tumors) :? Present in 20% of patients of tuberous sclerosis. Develop in adult life. Small, pink, sausage-shaped growths arising from under the nail folds; may disto the nail plate. | Pathology | null |
6bd6f414-a7e1-4f0e-a3fa-b8043b3656a1 | All the following are causes of Transdative pleural effusion Except | Nephrotic syndrome | Rheumatoid ahritis | Myxedema | Constrictive pericarditis | 1b | multi | TABLE 316-1 Differential Diagnoses of PleuralEffusions Transudative Pleural Effusions 1. Congestive hea failure 2. Cirrhosis 3. Nephrotic syndrome 4. Peritoneal dialysis 5. Superior vena cava obstruction 6. Myxedema 7. Urinothorax Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 1719 | Anatomy | Respiratory system |
913cb3d7-fd96-4f43-ba45-0eb572e579b9 | Most common complication of cadwell-luc operation is: | oroantral fistula | Infraorbital nerve palsy | Hemorrhage | Orbital cellulitis | 1b | single | Most common complication of Caldwell-Luc operation is injury to infraorbital nerve which occurs is 21% cases. Ref.Scott Brown 7/e,Vol 2,p1494. | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
2b47a64c-cbdb-4b7b-8c1a-75387625936a | The basic tools of measurement in epidemiology are | Incidence, prevalence and index | Morbidity, mortality and disability | Rates, ratios and proportions | Endemic, pandemic and epidemic | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
6beb2aef-93d4-4f71-b0a3-999d8c51ace5 | Following is true about safety muscle of tongue | Innervated by cranial pa of accessory nerve | Hypoglossal nerve | Attached to hard palate | None of the given options | 1b | multi | Ref BDC volume 3,6th edition pg 268Genioglossus is a life-saving muscle and its action is to protrude the tongueAll intrinsic and extrinsic muscles except palatoglossus are supplied by hypoglossal nerve | Anatomy | Head and neck |
364d3b85-8af2-4444-a26f-2fc3f8a11d37 | Most common sensorineural hearing loss in adults are due to | Meneries disease | Presbycusis | Meatal osteoarthritis | Osteosclerosis | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
65e500f1-1c49-47f7-9533-c1855dfe6e71 | Hard palate contains: | Keratinized, submucosa, minor salivary gland | Keratinized, absent submucosal layer, minor salivary gland | Nonkeratinized, submucosal layer, minor salivary gland | Nonkeratinized, absent submucosa, minor salivary gland | 0a | single | Ref. Gray’s anatomy. 41st edition. Page. 510
Hard Palate
The hard palate is located on the roof of the oral cavity, posterior and medial to the alveolar process of the maxilla.
The bony structure is formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
The periosteum is cove... | Unknown | null |
675d328c-557f-494e-8a4e-9ab83d25a8a2 | Which of the following components is a potent neutrophil chemotactic agent? | C 1 | C 2 | C5a | C789 complex | 2c | single | C5a promotes chemotaxis. The complement components C l, C2, and the C789 complex do not promote chemotaxis. | Unknown | null |
6806ad32-d165-420d-8db3-84bb152bf587 | Which among the following can prevent coagulation of blood: | Calcium oxalate | Sodium citrate | Sodium iodide | Potassium chloride | 1b | single | Ans b: (Ref: Guyton 11th edition p466-467)Methods to present blood coagulation in vitro1 Siliconized containers - Present contact activation of platelets & Factor 82 Heparin - Especially is heart lung machine /artificial kidney3 Oxalate compunds - By precipitation of calcium oxalate compounds4 Citrate compounds(Sodium ... | Pathology | Blood |
67ce7c22-006f-49c5-a91a-f2a0aa6a4365 | What is Neurapraxia: September 2010 | Complete division of nerve | Loss of conduction due to axonal interruption | Irreversible injury | Reversible physiological nerve conduction block | 3d | single | Ans. D: Reversible physiological nerve conduction block Neurapraxia is pa of Seddon's classification scheme used to classify nerve damage. It is a transient episode of motor paralysis with little or no sensory or autonomic dysfunction. Neurapraxia describes nerve damage in which there is no disruption of the nerve or i... | Surgery | null |
8bd61490-9573-474d-a164-2c9c70977a3d | The pathogenicity of E. histolytica is indicated by: | Zymodeme pattern | Size | Nuclear pattern | ELISA test | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zymodeme patternZymodeme (isoenzyme) analysis: E. histolytica possesses several isoenzymes like malic enzyme, hexokinase, isomerase and phosphoglucomutase and these isoenzymes contribute in pathogenesis. When these isoenzymes are subjected to electrophoresis based on electrophoretic pattern (Zymodeme ... | Microbiology | Parasitology |
61c6f088-881f-4451-91b8-5507939f7d9f | Increased incidence of breast carcinoma is seen with- | Sclerosing adenosis | Atypical hyperplasia | Apocrine metaplasia | Duct papilloma | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Atypical hyperplasia o Patients with a history-' of breast biopsy for benign breast disease have an increased risk of breast cancer. The degree of increase in risk depends on the specific epithelial abnormality. The table below shows the relative associated risks for patients with benign histologic fi... | Surgery | Breast Cancer - Types and Staging |
c958fd33-f95a-43ec-9d2e-51f04fa65765 | Which type of pelvis is favorable for Face to pubis delivery? | Gynecoid | Android | Anthropoid | Platypelloid | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Anthropoid Important educational points* Normal female pelvis - Gynaecoid pelvis* Male type pelvis - Android pelvis.* Most common type of pelvis - Gynaecoid pelvis.* Least common type pelvis - Platypelloid pelvis.* The only pelvis with AP diameter more than transverse diameter - Anthropoid pelvis.* Fa... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
6f2860f6-f9b9-446b-a36c-ce34dc265250 | Rapid test used by WHO for tuberculosis ? | Quanteferon gold | ELISPOT | Xpe MTB | Sputum AFB | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Sputum AFB Sputum smear microscopy is the quickest and easiest procedure. But it lacks both sensitivity and specificity. Smears are stained by ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain. Sputum smear examination (by AFB stain) is the method of choice for case finding. Note : Genexpe MTB/RIF is also a fast test (re... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
cd3f15ff-2b89-4bdf-a51d-904abf731ebc | Ocular manifestations of dengue are all except | Cataract | Maculopathy | Vitreous hemorrhage | Optic neuropathy | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) CataractRef: American Academy of Ophthalmology, BSCS, Section 9/p. 219* Dengue fever - caused by Flaviviridiae and transmitted by Aedes aegyptiOcular manifestations* Petechial subconjunctival hemorrhage - most common manifestation* Maculopathy (bilateral and asymmetric) - in 10% patients after one month of ons... | Ophthalmology | Retina |
eef43146-af41-4e93-bf71-1192ac8f302c | Clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT) is used for | Assessing LH rise prior to ovulation | Used for accurate diagnosis of PCOS | Estimating the luteal phase defect | Method to asses the ovarian reserve of a woman | 3d | multi | Clomiphene citrate challenge test : Used to asses the ovarian reserve of a woman On D3- Check serum FSH ON D5- D9 - Give 100mcg Clomiphene citrate (CC) On D10- Check serum FSH High FSH value on D3 which increases fuher on D10 : indicates poor reserve | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Infeility (Eggs'plantation!) |
a6458c48-90a3-4484-bbfa-bffa0a8140b3 | Dryness of mouth with facial N.injury-site of lesion is at - | Chorda tympani N | Cerebellopontine angle | Geniculate ganglion | Concussion of tympanic membrane | 0a | single | Chorda Tympani Nerve Carries | ENT | null |
e4b531b2-5cc7-48a6-a0e4-eee21727a07e | Breast carcinoma is associated with all except: | BRCA1 | BRCA2 | TP53 | ATR | 3d | multi | ATR is associated with ataxia telengectasia. | Pathology | Breast |
6235d1b3-c517-4e46-a68d-548302dfbba2 | Results of a test were given as very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, it representes | Nominal scale | Ordinal scale | interval scale | Ratio scale | 1b | single | Scales can be: Qualitative: Categorical scales: Nominal : eg: names of countries . Dichotomous : eg: yes/no, presence/absence. Ordinal : severity of disease: mild/moderate/severe.eg: staging of cancer, kuppusamy socioeconomic class. Quantitative: Metric scales: Interval Ratio | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
20242b8b-e7bd-4f6f-8ad6-a2caa840f676 | Drug of choice for hepatitis B: | Beta interferon | Sofosbuvir | Simeprevir | Tenofovir | 3d | single | Tenofovir is a first-line agent in the treatment of hepatitis B. It prevents the formation of 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation. Hence it causes premature termination of DNA transcription. | Medicine | Hepatitis |
69237049-1faf-47a3-81f7-e47069db0abb | Gold standard for detection of gall stones is? | CECT | USG | XRAY | Cholecystography | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., USG * Investigation of choice for cholelithiasis (gallstone in gallbladder) and choledocholithiasis (gallstone in common bile duct) is USG.Investigations of gall bladder diseases1) Ultrasonography: - This is the investigation of choice for the detection of gallstones, and obstructive jaundice. USG sho... | Radiology | G.I.T. |
7b5cf9be-8170-480c-bdc8-97bcc3131f4d | All are components of gun-powder EXCEPT: | Charcoal | Lead peroxide | Potassium nitrate | Sulphur | 1b | multi | Gun Powder is of two types: a) Black gun powder: Contains Potassium nitrate 75% + Charcoal 15% + sulphur 10% b) Smokeless Powder is of following types: -Single Base: Contains nitrocellulose -Double Base: contains nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine -Triple Base: Contains Nitrocellulose + Nitroglycerine + nitroguanidine | Forensic Medicine | Ballistics |
fd0cb17d-e638-4d32-9fda-d07f70459a4f | A 45 day-old infant developed icterus and two days later symptoms and signs of acute liver failure appeared. Child was found to be positive for HbsAg. The mother was also HBs Ag carrier. The mother's hepatitis B serological profile is likely to be: | HBsAg positive only | HBsAg and HbeAg positivity | HBsAg and anti-HBe antibody positivity | Mother infected with mutant HB V | 1b | single | HBeAg-positive women in third trimester frequently transmit infection to the fetus (80-90%) in the absence of immunoprophylaxis, whereas those who are negative rarely infect the fetus. Ref: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), Chapter 355, "Viral Hepatitis", In the book, "NELSON TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRICS", Volume 2,... | Pediatrics | null |
3f578c36-a457-4530-aa8f-e3ce6e8fb569 | Objects are seen reduced in size in | Hypnagogic hallucinations | Lilliputian hallucinations | Psychomotor hallucinations | Haptic hallucinations | 1b | multi | Lilliputian hallucinations (micropsia) objects are seen reduced in size. It is more properly regarded as an illusion Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 360 | Anatomy | Special topics |
e3f6f558-d281-4ba6-8d38-67e656922f8c | Which of the following is best associated with lumefantrine ? | Antirrtycobacterial | Antifungal | Antimalarial | Antiamoebic | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
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