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c5037a60-9a15-4ca7-801a-7115d87cd1bc | 'Knudson's two-hit' hypothesis is associated with | Crohn's disease | Melanoma | Ulcerative colitis | Retinoblastoma | 3d | single | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition.
☆ Familial retinoblastoma comprises 40% of cases and may be bilateral.
In this cases, all somatic cells inherit one mutant RB gene from a carrier parent. Later during life, the other mutational event of 2nd allele affecting the somatic cells occurs.
This forms the basis o... | Pathology | null |
bfa2d49d-81df-4431-8779-4303775ef68f | Wilson's disease is characterized by ? | Increased serum ceruloplasmin | Decreased copper excretion in urine | Increased copper in liver | Autosomal dominant | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased copper in liver Diagnosis of Wilson disease The gold standard for diagnosis is liver biopsy with quantitative copper assay - concentration of copper in a liver biopsy sample > 200 mg/g dry weight. Other tests are ? Serum ceruloplasmin level - low Urine copper excretion - increased KF rings D... | Pathology | null |
137a0c64-7800-4724-9c33-296b50136ed5 | In cervical spondylosis, the disc space narrowing is most often evident on x-ray at | C3-C4 | C4-C5 | C5-C6 | C6-C7 | 2c | single | Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the cervical spineDegeneration of disc results in the reduction of disc space and peripheral osteophyte formation. The posterior interveebral joints get secondarily involved and generate pain in the neck. The osteophytes impinging on the nerve roots give rise to radic... | Orthopaedics | Joint disorders |
720d2ccf-a216-4315-97ff-7b5791229ee1 | Common cause of neonatal hypoglycemia is: March 2013 (d) | Deficiency of glucagon | Glycogen storage diseases | Maple syrup urine disease | Infant of diabetic mother | 3d | single | Ans. D i.e. Infant of diabetic mother | Pediatrics | null |
f7fd5bb1-08b5-40e6-bd28-0509cc2e8038 | True about Rh factor is | There are no natural anti-Rh antibodies in serum | Seen only in females | Approximately 15 % of Indians are Rh positive | D is the least powerful Rh antigen | 0a | multi | There are no natural anti-Rh antibodies in serum Approximately 15% of the population lacks this antigen D- is the most immuno-genic Rh antigen | Medicine | Blood Bank & Transfusion Therapy |
08537ba7-a9f9-4271-95a7-8cd12caacf60 | What is not true regarding Bochdalek hernia? | Early respiratory distress leading to early diagnosis and treatment are good prognostic sign | Stomach and transverse colon are commonest content to herniate | Diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound | Common on left posterior side | 0a | multi | A Bochdalek hernia is one of two forms of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia , the other form being Morgagni hernia. A Bochdalek hernia is a congenital abnormality in which an opening exists in the infant's diaphragm, allowing normally intra-abdominal organs (paicularly the stomach and intestines) to protrude into the t... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
4984c6ec-e564-4b9e-bfa0-a58ac04a93ae | Bile solubility is used for? | Differentiation of staphylococcus from streptococcus | Differentiation of group B streptococci from other streptococci | Differentiation of pneumococci from streptococci | Differentiation of streptococci from neisseria | 2c | single | Bile solubility test In the presence of surface active agents such as bile and bile salts (sodium deoxycholate or sodium dodecyl sulfate), the cell wall of S.pneumoniae undergoes lysis. Other members of alpha-hemolytic streptococci are not lysed by the agents ( are bile insoluble) REF:Ananthanarayan & Panicker's Textbo... | Microbiology | general microbiology |
bf6f9e0b-246b-4084-b451-9e81f1ad7024 | Cloudy cornea is/are seen: | Klinefelter syndrome | Turner syndrome | Megalocornea | Mucopolysaccharidosis | 3d | single | Answer- D. MucopolysaccharidosisS-SclerocorneaT-TraumaU-UlcerM- MucopolysaccharidosisP-Peter anomalyED- Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy | Ophthalmology | null |
f7c45abb-661e-42f8-ba27-8f8794e6e2ae | All of the following are example of feed forward control system except | Temperature regulation | BP regulation | Cephalic phase of gastric secretion | Increased heart rate before start of exercise | 1b | multi | BP regulation is example of negative feedback control.
Feedforward control :
In this, it anticipates the discharge and prevent the change in 'controlled variable' by generating a corrective command that anticipates the change in 'controlled variable'
Example :
Temperature regulation
Cephalic phase of gastric secretion... | Physiology | null |
4bad66d1-5fd8-43b5-b559-ba35946017f4 | Erythema multiforme is most often related to – | Herpes zoster infection | Herpes simplex infection | Molluscum contagiosum infection | Human papilloma virus infection | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
ed3fa42c-1d5e-46ac-824d-9f53d16d22ce | Complement complex that attacks cell membrane is | C12345 | C23456 | C34567 | C56789 | 3d | single | The complement complex attacking the cell membrane is membrane attack complex having a composition of C56789
Action of this complex leads to entry of fluid and ions inside the cells leading to cell lysis.
Complement system has three main function
1. Inflammation
2. Opsonization
3. Cell lysis | Pathology | null |
2143fbf5-50fd-4bc5-adb5-ada3e435caef | All of the following organs may be involved in Leprosy except - | Uterus | Ovary | Testes | Eye | 0a | multi | leprosy mainly affects peripheral nerves.it also affects skin,muscles,eyes,bones,testis and internal organs park edition 23 page 314 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
15022aa4-6d9a-4546-84c0-11a9334e89af | Snow storm appearance on IJSG seen in: | Hydatiform mole | Invasive mole | Twin pregnancy | Ectopic pregnancy | 0a | single | Ans: A (Hydatiform mole) "Sonography: Characteristic echogram of molar pregnancy is snowstorm appearance"- Dutta Obstetrics 6th/196Also know"The ultrasound appearances of testicular microlithiasis: 'SnowStorm' testis- www.bjm.org/cgi"Sonographic appearances in neonates with generalized meconium peritonitis: the snowsto... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Choriocarcinoma |
4c546296-a267-47ec-a1aa-0a2f9dc776db | Which of the following is false regarding apoptosis? | Cell size is shrunken | Plasma membrane remains intact | It is always pathological | Does not ellicit inflammation | 2c | multi | Apoptosis can be both physiological and pathological.
Necrosis is always pathological. | Pathology | null |
e5def156-6de0-43b9-a21e-83bc9bc34664 | All the following are true about Retinitis spunctata albescens except NOT RELATED-OPTHALMOLOGY | Autosomal dominant | Retinal pigmenta on in epithelium | Paicularly involves posterior pole of retina | White dots on fundus examination | 2c | multi | . | Pharmacology | All India exam |
57d15b6e-cb57-497e-9623-8e04b12d1592 | All are true for sickle cell anemia, except - | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Fish vertebra | Leukopenia | Increased size of heart | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
041f2dcf-22bc-44c0-ad27-f45a13c6bcc0 | Which of the following is not a contraindication for extra corporeal
shockwave lithotripsy for renal calculi | Pregnancy | Bleeding disorder | Stone >2 cm | Stone in a calyceal diverticulum | 3d | single | C/I for ESWL are
absoulete
Pregnancy
Bleeding disorder
Relative
Stone > 2cm
Cystine stone
Children
Obstructed stone. | Surgery | null |
ae331139-d123-4d3e-8398-f2dacf1bac42 | A patient with visual acuity of <6/60 in better eye but more than 3/60 is having: | Economical blindness | Social blindness | Legal blindness | Absolute blindness | 0a | single | Definitions of blindness: WHO definition of blindness: "Visual acuity of less than 3/60 (Snellen) or its equivalent". Economical blindness: Vision in better eye <6/60 to 3/60 Social blindness: Vision in better eye <3/60 to 1/60 Legal blindness: Vision in better eye <1/60 to perception of light Absolute/total blindness:... | Ophthalmology | null |
3b3dc272-119e-435a-80f2-cce11e8eaa12 | Sirolimus (Rapamune) is prescribed to a post-renal transplantation client. Upon the review of the chart, the nurse expects which of the following laboratory results? | Elevated serum potassium. | Decreased cholesterol level | Elevated platelet count. | Elevated triglyceride level. | 3d | single | Sirolimus (Rapamune) raises cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This medication also causes a decrease in potassium and platelet count. | Medicine | null |
830f17f1-cbd7-4d91-85f9-907dc9e8eaee | To fully activate a naive CD4 T cell, the antigen-presenting cell has to express? | MHC class I and class II molecules | Interleukin-2 | B7 and MHC class II molecules | CD28 and MHC class II molecules | 2c | single | MHC class II molecules present antigen to CD4 T cells and co-stimulation binding of B7 to CD28 on the T cell leads to full activation of the naive T cell. Must Know: Feature Class I MHC Proteins Class II MHC Proteins Present antigen to CD4-positive cells No Yes Present antigen to CD8-positive cells Yes No Found on surf... | Microbiology | null |
465341a1-5d4a-4828-9c73-44a414734cda | Pyridoxine should be given when treating with ? | Isoniazid | Rifampicin | Pyrazinamide | Streptomycin | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Isoniazid Peripheral neuritis associated with isoniaide probably relates to interference with pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Thus when treating a patient with isoniazid it is essential to supplement with pyridoxine to reduce chances of peripheral neuritis. | Pharmacology | null |
90f8acd0-885a-47d7-9917-de13309b7cfd | Low Erythropoetin levels are seen in: | Aplstic Anemia | Renal failure | Obesity | Hepatoma | 1b | single | Answer is B (Renal failure) Renal Failure is associated with reduced erythropoietin levels due to decreased production of erythropoietin by the diseased kidney. The kidney is the primary site of erythropoietin production producing more than 85 percent of total erythropoietin. Chronic Renal failure is associated with se... | Medicine | null |
2adfcbcb-d896-4586-aad4-66a50e10cf45 | Predisposing factor for Nasal myiasis - | Allergic rhinitis | Vasomotor rhinitis | Atrophic rhinitis | Rhinitismedicomentos | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Atrophic rhinitis Nasal mviasis (Maggots in nose)o It results from the presence of ova of flies particularly chrysomia species in the nose which produce ulceration and destruction of nasal structure. Mostly seen in atrophic rhinitis when the mucosa becomes insensitive to flies laying eggs inside.Clini... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
3bf5c43e-47be-4a2c-bb12-ddfec0c06456 | Resolution when visual acuity is 6/6: | 1 minute of an arc | 5 minutes of an arc | 6 minutes of an arc | 10 minutes of an arc | 0a | single | Resolution when visual acuity is 6/6 is 1 minute of an arc. Snellen's test types: The distant central visual acuity is usually tested by Snellen's test types. The fact that two distant points can be visible as separate only when they subtend an angle of 1 minute at the nodal point of the eye, forms the basis of Snellen... | Ophthalmology | Optics and Errors of Refraction |
77badbc2-14a9-4ed4-8035-3f51331d6080 | A 30 Yr old male underwent excision of the right radial head following surgery, the patient has developed inability to move fingers and thumb of the right hand, he did not have any sensory deficit. Which of the following is most likely cause | Injury to posterior Interooseus nerve | Iatrogenic injury to common extensor origin | Injury to anterior Interooseus nerve | High radial nerve palsy | 0a | single | Clinical feaurues of injury to posterior Interosseus nerve : It is prone to be injured in injury and operations of radial Head neck There is no sensory deficit as it is a pure motor nerve Wrist extension is preserved due to spared extensor carpi radialis longus Presents with loss of extension of MP joints Refer Maheshw... | Anatomy | null |
37a67497-4365-4b8a-baa3-320c2ca675ff | Axillary sheath is an extension of- | Pretracheal fascia | Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia | Investing layer of deep cervical fascia | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia 'Axillary sheath and fascia around trunk of brachial plexus are derived from prevertebral fascia (prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia).' | Anatomy | Upper Extremity |
a6e5ce5f-a2ec-486b-aeb5-923ba29fcc03 | The following are features of pneumococcus except- | Bile insolubility | Optochin sensitivity | Gram positive | Encapsulated | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bile insolubility | Microbiology | null |
cbb1e331-c417-476d-aaed-b4e4ac5f665d | With glucose which of the following is transpoed:March 2010 and 2011, March 2013 | Hydrogen ions | Potassium ions | Calcium ions | Sodium ions | 3d | single | Ans. D: Sodium ions | Physiology | null |
40ef5114-598a-4f51-b293-264341c0ca8e | Veins draining into poal vein are all except: | Renal vein | Para umbilical vein | Right gastric vein | Cystic vein | 0a | multi | Tributaries of Poal vein: Mnemonic: Paraumbilical veins. Right gastric vein. Splenic vein. Superior mesenteric vein. Superior pancreatico-duodenal vein. Left gastric vein. | Anatomy | Stomach and aerial supply of abdomen |
0858ac90-af88-47f3-b074-68f5f61cc1f9 | All of the following drugs are useful in detrusor instability, EXCEPT: | Solifenacin | Tolterodine | Oxybutynin | Duloxetine | 3d | multi | Detrusor muscle contraction causes micturition. When detrusor relaxes and the sphincters close urine is stored. Whereas voiding requires contraction of detrusor -accompanied by relaxation of sphincters. Since detrusor contracts under parasympathetic influence, anticholinergic (specifically antimuscarinic) drugs are use... | Pharmacology | null |
b4f022d8-9758-472d-afa7-2c12b755b41d | An 44 year old engineer noticed that he has an eye that is persistent directed toward his nose. A lesion of which of the following nerves could produce this finding? | CNII | CN | CN V | CN VI | 3d | single | CN VI | Anatomy | null |
7bc07c4a-e5cc-4606-8e59-92924e7eb434 | Epidemic pleurodynia is caused by ? | Enterovirus -70 | Coxsackie - A virus | Coxsackie -B virus | Enterovirus | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Coxsackie -B virus There are two types of Coxsackie viruses :Coxsackie A (Seotypes 1 to 24) : They cause aseptic meningitis (especially A7 and A9), Herpangina, febrile illness, acute hemorrhagic conjucntivitis (by A24), and 'Hand-foot-mouth disease'.Coxsackie B (Sterotypes 1 to 6) : They cause aseptic... | Microbiology | null |
525c6eee-0a70-4255-8efa-2937c6a318e3 | Risk factor for carcinoma stomach are all, EXCEPT: | Blood group A | Postgastrectomy | Adenomatous polyp | Atrophic gastritis | 0a | multi | Impoant quotes (Maingot's 10/e, Page 1007): In several large studies from the scandinan countries, it was found that there is no correlation between gastric cancer and blood group A. Ref: Maingot's 10/e, Page 1007. | Surgery | null |
b470dc44-6210-499a-86fa-5e5f6cf74af4 | What is the cell of origin of primary lymphoma of the GI tract associated with celiac disease? | B-cell | T-cell | Histiocyte | Dendritic cell | 1b | single | Lymphomas are progressive neoplastic condition of lymphoreticular system arising from stem cells. Lymphomas are the 3rd most common malignancy among children comprising 15% of paediatric cancers. Primary lymphoma of the GI tract associated with Celiac sprue--intestinal T cell lymphoma. Reference : page 253 SRB's manual... | Surgery | Urology |
9bad397d-e9b5-4590-94ef-2114cb7e8f43 | Onycholysis is seen in all of the following, except: | Allergic dermatitis | Psoriasis | Antineoplastic therapy | Nephrotic syndrome | 3d | multi | Nephrotic syndrome | Skin | null |
112fa076-cea8-48c6-b529-4d171bbc0bb9 | Posterior wall of Rectus sheath below Arcrate line is formed by | Posterior lamina of Internal oblique aponeurosis and Transverse abdominis aponeurosis | Fascial transversalis | Transverse abdominis aponeurosis and Fascia transversalis | Internal oblique Aponeurosis | 1b | multi | null | Anatomy | null |
2d3a942c-325f-414f-98b0-b3eedca15db6 | RDS in Neonate is due to deficiency of? | Sphingomyelin | Ceramide | Dipalmitoyl | All of above | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., dipalmitoyl HMD (Respiratory distress syndrome) Primary seen in : PRETERM Baby of diabetic mother Multiple bih LSCS delivery Bih asphyxia Incidence in preterm inversely related to gestational age and bih weight. Primary cause - Surfactant deficiency leads to atelectatic lung. Major constituent of surf... | Pediatrics | null |
7795baf2-2084-4584-9c03-aa94e587678c | Ranitidine differs from cimetidine because of? | Ranitidine does not have anti androgenic side effect | Shoer half life | More side effects | Less potent | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ranitidine does not have antiandrogenic side effect | Pharmacology | null |
1e920304-34c3-4953-b1ba-e9632bcce22c | Scrambled egg appearance is seen in | Carcinoma stomach | Carcinoma gall bladder | Pancreatic carcinoma | Renal carcinoma | 2c | multi | Scrambled egg appearance is the ERCP finding in carcinoma pancreas. Other findings in ERCP in pancreatic carcinoma are: abrupt block of pancreatic duct with irregular stricture, pancreatic duct encasement, Double duct sign - cut off of both pancreatic and bile duct, parenchymal filling. Reference : page 706 SRB's manua... | Surgery | Urology |
270ebadc-cb4b-4486-be55-3805b5780bf7 | Most crucial pa of tuberculosis control programme is - | Contact tracing | BCG vaccination | Treatment of sputom positive cases | Treatment of X-ray positive cases | 2c | single | Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 23rd edition Page no: 182 Sputum smear examination by direct microscopy is now considered the method of choice. The reliability, cheapness and ease of direct microscopic examination have made it number one case finding method all over the world. It enables us to discov... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
a7d17a85-8b55-49d4-b5a5-4e465df47502 | Minimum level of HCG detected by radio immunoassay is : | 1.5-3.5 IU/m1 | 0.5-1 IU/m1 | 0.02-0.05 1U/m1 | 0.001 IU/m1 | 3d | single | Ans. is d i.e. 0.001 1U/m1 Pregnancy tests All the pregnancy tests used now days are immunological, which function on the principle of detecting HCG quantitatively or qualitatively, either in the urine or blood : | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
7fe40b5a-0dd2-4844-b654-57942c3fbeb2 | True abut 'X' Chromosome inactivation: | X gene | RNA interference | Seen in Male | All | 0a | multi | A i.e. X-gene Although females have 2X chromosomes (XX), but due to inactivation (lyonization) genes on one X chromosome becomes transcriptionally inactive. Thus X inactivation prevents expression of most genes on one of the X- chromosome in every cell of femaleQ. | Medicine | null |
9c48e1d9-1529-430c-81e7-7b743d26628a | Mucosal melanosis and hamaomatous polyps are seen in? | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Cronkhite Canada syndrome | Familial adenomatous polyposis | Hereditary non polyposis colonic cancer | 0a | single | Peutz-jeghers syndrome: Autosomal dominant disorder Mutation- STK 11 / LKB1 gene Multiple gastrointestinal hamaomatous polyps + Mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation Increased risk for colon, pancreas, breast, lung, ovaries, uterus, testes neoplasms Gross- Polyps are large & pedunculated with lobulated contour. | Pathology | Intestinal Polyps, Colon & Anal Cancer |
8eebe0f0-2a1a-4813-9669-64a888f41977 | Which one of the following is a major component in activation of the complement alternative pathway: | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | 2c | single | - Alternate complement pathway Activators factor- Cobra venom , Properidin ,nephritic - C3b , Bb - C3 convease of alternate complement pathway - C5 - C9 is MAC (membrane attack complex) - C1,4,2 are not consumed in the alternate complement pathway | Microbiology | FMGE 2018 |
9b85a092-9cb5-4399-8c50-3cbad272f619 | Which of the following is seen in 95% of patient with diabetes mellitus - | HLAB27 | HLAB3-B4 | HLA DR3-DR4 | HLAA3 | 2c | single | The inheritance of type 1 diabetes is polygenic , with over 20 different regions of the human genome showing an association with type 1 diabetes risk. Most interest has focused on the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region within the major histocompatibility complex on the sho arm of chromosome 6. The HLA haplotypes DR3 ... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
75bb4463-1ed2-4571-8740-26bf47c03201 | Metabolic alkalosis seen in following except | Methanol poisoning | Cushing's disease | Vomiting | Diuretic therapy | 0a | multi | Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis I. Exogenous HCO3-loads A. Acute alkali administration B. Milk-alkali syndrome II. Effective ECFV contraction, normotension, K+ deficiency, and secondary hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism A. Gastrointestinal origin 1. Vomiting 2. Gastric aspiration 3. Congenital chloridorrhea 4. Villous ad... | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes |
36760ab9-3ce7-4a9d-ab79-f38f4f701b01 | For the following cardiac abnormalities, select the characteristic JVP finding.Complete heart block | Cannon a wave | prominent x descent | Kussmaul's sign | slow y descent | 0a | single | Large a waves occur with increased resistance to filling (tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary hypertension) or when the right atrium contracts against a tricuspid valve closed by right ventricular systole (Cannon a waves) in complete heart block or other arrhythmias. | Medicine | C.V.S. |
d888a938-0cb6-4699-8e06-367dc99a4911 | Treatment of orthostatic hypotension is - | Dopamine | Diuretics | Fludrocortisone | Calcium channel blockers | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fludrocortisone Management of chronic orthostatic hypotensiono Correct precipitating factors (e.g,, hypovolemia) and withdraw offending drugs (diuretics, vasodilators, tranquilizers and sedatives)Physical measureso Raise the head of the bed by 10 to 20dego Arise slowly, in stages, from supine to seate... | Medicine | Drugs |
11c072f0-d1e9-42f9-b755-ecf0848a1873 | Patient had loss of temporal field of vision in right eye and nasal field of vision in the left eye. The possible site of lesion is | Optic chiasma | Left optic tract | Right optic radiation | Left optic nerve | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
cf73897c-eb33-4ca9-bb69-37943fc0c18f | A 12-year-old child presents with tingling sensation and numbness in the little finger and gives a history of fracture in the elbow region 4 years back. The probable fracture is - | Lateral condyle fracture humerus | Injury to ulnar nerve | Supracondylar fracture humerus | Dislocation of elbow | 0a | single | Similar to previous question, the child is presenting with tardy ulnar nerve palsy.
Here the age of child at the time of injury to elbow is 8 years (child is 12 years old and he/she sustained injury 4 years back).
So, age group matches with lateral condyle fracture (5-10 years).
About option 'b'
Ulnar nerve injury due ... | Orthopaedics | null |
9d9f0d66-3039-4827-9b87-3156e45c4b36 | All the following statements are true about transposons Except | Popularly known as jumping genes | Mobile genetic elements | Implicated in gene regulation and Chromatin organization | Modulate the translation of target mRNAs into their corresponding proteins | 3d | multi | Mobile genetic elements (e.g., transposons):Remarkably, more than one-third of the human genome is composed of these elements, popularly denoted as "jumping genes." These segments can move around the genome, exhibiting wide variation in number and positioning even amongst closely related species (i.e., humans and other... | Pathology | General pathology |
c585b1ba-7897-4838-aa50-ecf444495e66 | Under the programme of control and prevention of anemia by RCH (Rural child health) what dosage of Iron and Folic acid tablets are given? | 20 mg iron & 0.1 mg folic acid | 40 mg iron & 100 micrograms folic acid | 40 mg iron & 50 micrograms folic acid | 60 mg iron & 0.1mg folic acid | 0a | single | Iron deficiency anemia is widely prevalent in young children. The National family health Survey II (1998-99) revealed that 74.3% of children under the age of 3 years were anemic. Under this programme of control & prevention of anemia, tablets containing 20 mg of elemental Iron & 0.1mg of folic acid are provided at sub-... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
590cdc9c-1463-4678-b568-51063a39bd34 | Cause of metabolic alkalosis includes-a) Furosemideb) Addision diseasec) Hypokalerniad) Hyponatremia | a | ac | ad | b | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
0e298577-968e-4879-ab46-59585d9644ff | True about blood transfusion -a) Antigen `D' determines Rh positivityb) Febrile reaction is due to HLA antibodiesc) Anti-D is naturally occuring antibodyd) Cryoprecipitate contains all coagulation factors | ac | a | ab | bc | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
c97f43a1-dec9-45ee-a0bc-1872843dcf48 | Smoke index is used for- | Air pollution | Soundpollution | Excreta | None | 0a | multi | Monitoring of air pollution
Monitoring of air pollution is done by : -
Sulphur dioxide.
Gritt and dust measurement.
Co-efficient of haze.
Air pollution index.
Smoke or soiling index | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
ac4d8291-cd51-4deb-9a53-83b35b9ed24b | Neural crest cells give rise to all the dental structures except ? | Odontoblasts | Dentine | Enamel | Tooth pulp | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., EnamelTeeth developmentA) Neural crest derivaties (Derivatives of neuroectoderm)Mesenchymall cells (derived from neural crest) of dental papilla form :?i) Odontoblasts which form Dentineii) Tooth pulpB) Derivatives of surface ectodermIt gives rise to ameloblasts which form enamel. | Anatomy | null |
bdc1a833-0ce2-4137-afc6-7bbb9705384e | Growth hormone secretion, true is | Continuous secretion | Stimulated by somatostatin | Stimulated by glucose | Stimulated by exercise | 3d | multi | Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans.A number of factors are known to affect GH secretion, such as age, sex, diet, exercise, stress, and other hormones. Young adoles... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
a219115a-ee9f-435e-8f85-28c244756d34 | The most common causative organism for lobar pneumonia is - | Staphylococcus aureus | Streptococcus pyogenes | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Haemophilus influenzae | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
0725c844-974d-4ea1-9710-f4d2fb1646b3 | A 42 year old female brought by her relative complaining that she always tell everyone that she is getting instructions from other planets. All of the following are first rank symptoms of schizophrenia, EXCEPT: | Voices commenting | Thought broadcasting | Disorders of perceptions | Somatic passivity | 2c | multi | Perception is physical sensation given meaning, the integration of sensory stimuli to form an image or impression, in a manner or configuration influenced by past experience.Heightened perception occurs in delirium, mania, after hallucinogens, and in the rare ecstatic states that occur as pa of acute schizophrenia or "... | Psychiatry | null |
420a9b14-096a-4bb4-a95d-b5fad571b6a5 | Joint between sphenoid & vomer is ? | Gomphosis | Syndesmosis | Symphysis | Schindylesis | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., SchindylesisVomer-sphenoid rostrum junction is schindylesis type of suture.Fibrous joints 1. SuturesPlane sutures : Intranasal suture, median palatine suture.Serrate (limbus) suture : Sagittal suture (interparietal suture).Denticulate suture : Lambdoid suture (parieto-occipital suture), coronal suture... | Anatomy | null |
a744f407-feaf-4249-b18b-47fa452cc10a | Patient a known case off alcohol dependence after 12 to 18 hrs of last drink develops seizure for the first time in his life.possible diagnosis is rum fits. treatment for the above patient | .phenytoin | IV THIAMINE | Lorazepam | clobazam | 2c | multi | DETOXIFICATION Detoxification implies removal of the toxic substance from the body, this can be done by using a drug similar to alcohol and thus benzodiazepine is chosen. This is the main drug used in treatment of alcohol withdrawal despite the problem being simple withdrawal, rum fits or delirium tremens IF LIVER FUNC... | Anatomy | Substance abuse |
67feec5a-93d5-4e90-a4a5-77ad0d7af768 | Guardian of the genes is? | Rb | p53 | p16 | p73 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., p53 * p53 is a tumor suppressor gene. p53 gene is located on chromosome 17. p53 acts as molecular policeman that prevents the propagation of genetically damage cell.* p-53 is the most common target for genetic alteration in human tumors; A little over 50% of human tumors contain mutation in this gene.... | Pathology | Neoplasia |
c1d07684-5ca6-4c86-8043-71772fe09e52 | Which of the following trace element cannot be completely Supplemented by diet during pregnancy . | Iron | Calcium | Manganese | Zinc | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
7a1f393d-cddd-4648-a5bc-2e2f72165860 | All are features of Intravascular hemolysis except - | Thrombocytopenia | Hemosiderinuria | Decreased haptoglobin | Raised indirect bilirubin | 0a | multi | Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia is anemia due to hemolysis, i.e. the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells.
Hemolytic anemia has the following features -
A shortened red cell lifespan, i.e. premature destruction of red cells.
Elevated erythropoietin level and increased erythropoiesis in the marrow and other sites,... | Pathology | null |
0ec88695-7487-4287-a55c-348a563d252e | Wolf Chaikoff effect: | Iodine induced hypothyroidism | Iodine induced hypehyroidism | Thyrotoxicosis due to excessive amount of thyroid hormone ingestion | Drug induced hypehyroidism | 0a | single | Answer is A (Iodine Induced Hypothyroidism) Repeat Iodine Induced Transient Suppression of Thyroid Gland is called Wolf Chaikoff Effect. | Medicine | null |
6a15e9a0-9518-4c5b-8c54-3b53aeb5e853 | Chronic urticaria is a - | Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction | Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction | Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction | Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction Types of hypersensitivity reactionType of hypersensitivity reactionExamplesMediatorsType 1 (immediate type)Atopic dermatitisUrticariaAnaphylaxisInsect bite hypersensitivityAllergic rhinitis and asthmaIgEType 2 (cytotoxic, antibody dependent)Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaR... | Skin | Dermatitis Erythema |
dd54f391-07bd-43ce-a5ef-d99e4f13bbf8 | The most common reported oral malignancy in HIV infection is | Sguamous cell carcinoma | Verrucous carcinoma | Multiple myeloma | Kaposi sarcoma | 3d | single | null | Pathology | null |
c48199f7-318f-4478-92b7-092ff5e8c335 | The property common in amalgam and ceramic | Low compressive strength and high tensile strength | High compressive strength and low tensile strength | Equal compressive and tensile strength | High compressive and high tensile strength | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
3d5ce6e9-5ec4-4791-9461-2a0b9e3f322b | In depressions, there is deficiency of ? | 5-HT | Acetylcholine | Dopamine | GABA | 0a | single | Ans. A. 5-HTDepression = Decrease in serotonin and norepinephrine.Serotonin is the most imPoant neurotransmitter in depression.Mania= Increased of norepipherine. | Psychiatry | null |
e07192d9-5956-4bc5-a743-833a51046747 | Enlargement of pituitary tumor after adrenalectomy is called as: | Nelson syndrome | Steel-Richardson syndrome | Hamman-Rich syndrome | Job's syndrome | 0a | multi | Nelson Syndrome: Nelson syndrome refers to a spectrum of symptoms ansd signs arising from an adrenocoicotropin (ACTH)- secreting pituitary macroadenoma after a therapeutic bilateral adrenalectomy The spectrum of clinical features observed relates to the local effects of tumors on surrounding structures , the secondary ... | Surgery | Head and neck |
1e120d88-10ee-40f8-a772-94013750a74c | The stapes is a derivative of which of the following pharyngeal arch? | 1st arch | 2nd arch | 3rd arch | 4th arch | 1b | single | Structures derived from second pharyngeal arch are stapes, styloid process of temporal bone, lesser cornu of hyoid bone and upper pa of hyoid bone. Skeletal and ligamentous elements derived from pharyngeal arches: First archMalleus and incusPoions of the mandibleMeckels cailageSphenomandibular ligamentAnterior ligament... | Anatomy | null |
af8aaf36-dc95-42a1-b27c-e42c3d91661d | Which is true about stab wound - | Breadth is maximum | Length is maximum | Depth is maximum | It has wound of entry and exit | 2c | multi | The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; Pg.no. 116 ; In a stab wound the depth ( length of track ) is greater than the width & length of external injury ,the depth of a stab wound is usually equal to or less than length of blade ,that is used in producing it ,but in anteri... | Forensic Medicine | Mechanical injuries |
47eb3895-b4dd-441f-bb85-f9bcc38f233b | Longest acting muscle relaxant is- | Atracurium | Vecuronium | Doxacurium | Rocuronium | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Doxacurium o Amongst the given options doxacurium is longest acting (Duration of action 90-120 minutes),o Rocuronium (duration of action 30-60 minutes), Atracurium (duration of action 30-60 minutes) and vecuronium (duration of action 60-90 minutes) have shorter duration of action than doxacurium.Prope... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
3819e7fd-e3b3-486a-80e8-84a9bd7c859a | Low insulin/glucagon levels to increase in the activity of | Hexokinase | Glucokinase | Glucose-6-phosphatase | Pyruvate kinase | 2c | single | Insulin has several effects in liver which stimulate glycogen synthesis. First, it activates the enzyme hexokinase, which phosphorylates glucose, trapping it within the cell. Coincidently, insulin acts to inhibit the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase.When the insulin level is decreased, activity of enzyme glucose-6-pho... | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
b9b63ecc-7a7e-4ea5-bba0-eaeddb4aeddb | Second National Family Health Survey was done in the year? | 1992-93 | 1998-99 | 2005-2006 | 2008-2009 | 1b | single | The second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted in 1998-99, is another impoant step to strengthen the database fuher for implementation of the Reproductive and Child Health approach adopted by India after the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo. The second National Family... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning |
af70a5c4-fcc9-49ef-aba4-23cbd1deccb0 | A 25-year old pregnant lady presents with thrombocyto-penia (Platelet count < 50,000) and fragmented ' RBC's in peripheral smear. Which of the following is the least likely differentail diagnosis? | Thrombotic Thrombocytopentic Purpura (TTP) | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) | HELLP syndrome | Evan's syndrome | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
e9e11c42-bcb6-4410-8e5e-409eadc0b738 | Medullary cystic disease of the kidney is best diagnosed by: | Ultrasound | Nuclear scan | Urography | Biopsy | 3d | single | Answer is D (Biopsy): Although ultrasonography and CT scan can be useful in making a diagnosis of medullary cystic disease, an open renal biopsy that ensures recovery of tissue from the coicomedullary junction is definitive. | Medicine | null |
5d639063-cb85-4e63-a9b2-ea8a9f027391 | Trauma from occlusion causes vascular changes in the periodontium with in | 45 minutes | 60 minutes | 30 minutes | 10 minutes | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
98cb3ec2-d0e3-47c4-b2ed-bfb1b5cdf71d | Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by: September 2012 | A. braziliense | Toxocara cani | Strongyloides | Necator americana | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. A. braziliense Cutaneous larva migrans(CLM) It is a skin disease in humans, caused by the larvae of various nematode parasites of the hookworm family (Ancylostomatidae). The most common species causing this disease in the Americas is Ancylostoma braziliense. These parasites live in the intestines of dogs, c... | Microbiology | null |
4d786b6d-e626-473f-b9f3-461b15e4eeb2 | Which of the following is not a sign of successful stellate ganglion block – | Nasal stuffness | Guttman sign | Homer's syndrome | Bradycardia | 3d | single | Signs of successful stellate ganglion block :- Horner's syndrome, flushing of face, conjuctival congestion, nasal stuffiness (Guttman's sign), injection of tympanic membrane (Mueller's syndrome), increased skin temprature, lacrimation. | Anaesthesia | null |
403ed994-7d72-4014-bd7b-8ad8291995ce | Kocher langenback approach for emergency acetabular fixation is done in all Except- | Open fractures | Progressive sciatic nerve injury | Recurrent dislocation inspite of closed reduction and traction | Morel- Lavallee lesion | 3d | multi | *Morel-Lavalle lesion is a localized area of subcutaneous fat necrosis over the lateral aspect of hip caused by same trauma that causes the acutabular fracture. The operation through it has been a/w a higher (12%) rate of post - operative infection , wound dehiscence and healing by secondary intention. The presence of ... | Orthopaedics | Pelvis and Hip injuries |
d7264758-012b-4935-b5f3-ebe0b305083a | Which of the following organ is usually the first site of metastasis in a case of osteosarcoma of young female? | Kidneys | Lungs | Liver | CNS | 1b | multi | Lung is the earliest site for metastasis in osteosarcoma. A chest X-ray should be done to detect the same. CT scan may be required in cases where the metastatic lesion is unclear on chest X-ray. Reference: Maheshwari; Essential Ohopaedics; Page no: 240 | Orthopaedics | Tumors |
fec1036c-b311-4547-898b-64ae1c073f15 | Chromosomes involved in early onset Alzheimer's disease: | 1,14,21 | 1,13,22 | 3, 14, 20 | 3, 14, X | 0a | single | A i.e. 1,14,21Ref: Genetic Home ReferenceExplanation:Genes Involved in Alzheimers Disease:Early onset Alzehimer's disease involves three genes: APP-Ch 21.PSEN1 (Presenilin 1) - Ch 14.PSEN 2 (Presenilin 2) - Ch 1.Genes causing autosomal dominant AD* APP* PSEN1* PSEN 2All can cause early onset disease but PSEN2 is associ... | Pathology | Central Nervous System |
4e76a104-b2cd-4110-8a1b-cb0e6ce159ee | Fibronectin in fetus indicates: | Post dated pregnancy | Preterm labor | Pre-eclampsia | None | 1b | multi | Preterm labor | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ef0d4324-f19f-4760-a9eb-257c7b01837f | Which is true of Entero bacteriacae - | All are oxidase negative | Nitrate reduction negative | Glucose not femented by all | Motility by polar flagellum | 0a | multi | . Ans. is 'a' i.e., All are oxidase negative . Motile by peritrichate flagella (not by polar flagellum) or are non motile. . Glucose is feremented by all but some produce acid and gas, while other produce acid only. . Catalase (+) ye . Oxidase negative . Reduce nitrates to nitrite . May or may not be capsulated. . Are ... | Microbiology | null |
16bdde93-a536-4051-a484-4901a4b97dcd | NOT a hybrid muscle among the following is | Brachialis | Flexor pollicis brevis | Sternocleidomastoid | Adductor pollicis | 3d | single | Nerve supply of above muscles-
Brachialis
Musculocutaneous Nerve and Radial nerve (proprioception)
Flexor pollicis brevis
Superficial head by Median Nerve
Deep head by Ulnar nerve
Sternocleidomastoid
Spinal accessory nerve and C3 , C4
Adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve | Anatomy | null |
00aaa528-bc65-4e90-a896-94a46c399cfb | Treatment of choice in postauricular abscess as a complication of otitis media is: | Incision and drainage (l and D) | l and D plus antibiotics | Aspiration and antibiotics | l and D antibiotics and mastoidectomy | 3d | single | Postaural abscess usually follows coalescent mastoiditis as after acute otitis media or in cases of mastoiditis with cholesteatoma; a mastoidectomy is therefore important in its treatment. | ENT | Ear |
aa2ac2d5-4d1e-493a-86cf-c5a01af0f761 | Moderately severe hearing loss: | 30-40 dB | 41-60 dB | 56-70 dB | 71-90 dB | 2c | single | Ans. (c) 56-70 dBRef. Dhingra's ENT 6th ed./38 WHO classification for hearing loss:0-25 dBNormal hearing26-40 dBMild hearing loss41-55 dBModerate hearing loss56-70 dBModerately severe hearing loss71-90 dBSevere hearing loss> 90 dBProfound hearing loss | ENT | Ear |
c36bca82-705c-4218-967d-60c538099eac | Stool specimen is transpoed in ? | Cary blair medium | Blood agar | Selenite F broth | Compy BAP medium | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cary blair medium Transpo media for stool specimen are :? Cary-Blair medium Buffered glycerol saline Stua medium Inoculate media for routine stool culture are :- Blood agar MacConkey agar Hektoen enteric HE ( agar) Selective media for campylobactor : Campy BAP, skirrow Selenite F broth or GN Broth Xyl... | Microbiology | null |
9053f2c5-153e-44b0-ac13-d38ba0f428d4 | True about Fibrolamellar carcinoma of Liver is all, except- | Females do not have increased incidence than males | Has good prognosis | Not associated with liver cirrhosis | Serum AFP levels are usually >1000 mg/Itr | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Serum AFP levels are usually greater than 1000mg/litreFibrolamellar carcinoma ?o It is a distinctive variant of hepatocellular carcinomao It is seen in young adults (20-40 yrs of age)It has equal sex incidence o It has better prognosis o It has no association with HBV or cirrhosiso It is grossly encap... | Pathology | null |
fa5b10c2-2137-43c9-a48b-37f568b1ceb5 | Firm warty vegetations along the line of apposition of heart valves is present in - | NBTE | Bacterial endocarditis | Rheumatic heart disease | Libman Sacks endocarditis | 2c | single | null | Pathology | null |
ab31c61c-7d7b-4768-af4e-a76d569ba12d | Method of sterilization which is least effective is - | Pomeroys technique | Laparascopy | Vaginal fimbriectomy | Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion is done by 2 methods and both these methods have high failure rates.Due to high failure rate this method is obsolete nowPomeroy's method has failure rate of 0.4%Laparoscopic sterilization has failure rate 0.6%Fimbriectomy - Permanent sterilization | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Female Sterilization |
4ed8ea06-c38a-4e1d-89b3-259f1490fc45 | Antiarrhythmic drug causing hypothyroidism is: (E. REPEAT 2007) | Lidocaine | Propanolol | Amiodarone | Procainamide | 2c | single | Ref: Drug-Induced Diseases: Prevention, Detection and Management, James E. Tisdale, 2nd edition, Page 587Explanation:Amiodarone causes both Hypo and Hyperthyroidism.DRUGS CAUSING HYPOTHYROIDISMEthionamide.Amiodarone.Nitroprusside.Perchlorate.Povidone iodine (Betadine).Sulfonylureas.INF alpha.Lithium.Octreotide.Rifampin... | Pharmacology | Anti-Arrhythmic |
be1eea43-8124-45fe-a6d1-bc03d853797d | A very potent and short-acting benzodiazepine was given to a patient Kallu for the purpose of causing hypnosis but the drug caused psychiatric disturbances in him. Which of the following can be the hypnotic used? | Flurazepam | Nitrazepam | Temazepam | Triazolam | 3d | multi | Triazolam is a very potent BZD with ultra-rapid elimination. Some cases of paranoia and psychiatric disturbances have been noted with this drug. | Pharmacology | null |
6eff4382-78c7-45b0-af99-97abae412de4 | Route of administration of vancomycin in pseudomembranous colitis is: | i.m. | oral | i.v. | s.c | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
ab4593b6-4f24-4fd4-9159-cae7033479bc | True about competitive inhibition of enzyme | | Km | | Km | | Vmax | No change in Km and Vmax | 0a | multi | It is obvious that in the case of competitive inhibition, the Km is increased in presence of competitive inhibitor. Thus competitive inhibitor apparently increases the Km. In other words, the affinity of the enzyme towards the substrate is apparently decreased in presence of the inhibitor.In competitive inhibition, the... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
acdce60e-ad4e-45bc-8ffb-160dbd19185f | Which of the following is XLR? | Cystic fibrosis | Haemophilia | Hereditary spherocytosis | Neurofibromatosis | 1b | single | Ans (b) HaemophiliaRef: Robbings pathology 9th ed. 1142X-LINKED RECESSIVE* X-linked recessive disorders are also caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome.* Males are more frequently affected than females, and the chance of passing on the disorder differs between men and women.* Families with an X-linked recessi... | Pathology | Mendelian Disorders: Single-Gene Defects |
27a917dd-2fe1-4cc8-ac96-f67bbd46386a | Shirodkar stitch is given at ..... of pregnancy : | 6 weeks | 12 weeks | 14-16 weeks | 20-24 weeks | 2c | single | 14-16 weeks | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
b22b42db-a810-4eea-95f8-47df4a7b470e | Most sensitive test for screening of " SLE" is | LE phenomenon | Rheumatoid ahritis | Anti_nuclear factor | Double stranded DNA test | 2c | single | Ref Robbins 9/e p219, 8/e p214 ,7/e p228 Spectrum of Autoantibodies in SLE Antibodies have been identified against a host of nuclear and cytoplasmic components of the cell that are specific to neither organs nor species. Another group of antibodies is directed against surface antigens of blood cells, while yet another ... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
44d6b86b-86ac-4efa-8408-04979cb79f14 | If a neonate has warm abdomen, but cold extremities then the baby has? | Normal body temperature | Severe Hypothermia | Cold stress | Shock | 2c | single | Diagnosis of hypothermia by human touch: Trunk Extremities Interpretation Warm Warm Normal Warm Cold Cold stress Cold Cold Hypothermia | Pediatrics | Neonatal hypothermia |
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