medmcqa

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id stringlengths 36 36	question stringlengths 1 1.57k	opa stringlengths 1 287	opb stringlengths 1 287	opc stringlengths 1 286	opd stringlengths 1 301	cop class label 4 classes	choice_type stringclasses 2 values	exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀	subject_name stringclasses 21 values	topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀
6f3b56c0-e86b-4fd7-8719-723cdcb246be	Which of the following is FALSE regarding Neurofibromatosis inheritance:	Von Recklinghausen's Disease is due to defect in chromosome 17	Autosomal dominant type of inheritance	NF-2 - Musculoskeletal deformities is characterstic	NF-1 - Most common single gene disorder affecting human nervous system.	2c	multi	NEUROFIBROMATOSIS (NF) NF - 1/Von Recklinghausen's Disease NF-2/Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis Most common single gene disorder affecting human nervous system. Peripheral neurofibromatosis, is due to defect in chromosome 17. AD inheritance 100% penetrance Due to defect in long arm of chromosome 22. AD inheritance...	Medicine	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases
ce39025b-114b-40b0-bb2e-743810fb1d7a	IPC section for punishment for purjury is	191	192	193	197	2c	single	Punishment for perjury is dealt under IPC 193 IPC 191-deals with perjury IPC 192-fabricating false evidence IPC 197-issuing or signaling false evidence Refer :textbook of Forensic Medicine and toxicology PG no 15,2nd edition	Forensic Medicine	Medical Jurisprudence
a73fe633-208d-4729-9938-d54c557621d6	Crown completion of Mandibular 2nd molar occur	At birth	1 ½ year	12 year	7-8 year	3d	single	null	Dental	null
4fe01b45-eb63-4a2d-b646-16bd09eff838	Total lung capacity depends on	Size of airway	Closing tidal volume	Lung compliance	Residual volume	2c	single	The extent to which the lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure (if enough time is allowed to reach equilibrium) is called the lung compliance.The total compliance of both lungs together in the normal adult human averages about 200 milliliters of air per centimeter of water transpulmonary pr...	Physiology	General physiology
7f3f4e5d-162a-4c26-b314-f6944ed0f717	Organophosphates bind to	Anionic site of AChEs	Esteratic site of AChEs	Ach	None	1b	multi	(Ref: KDT 6/e p99-100) The active region of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has two sites i.e. an anionic site and an esteratic site. Anticholinesterase poisoning like Organophosphate compounds binds to esteratic site of AChE.	Pharmacology	Autonomic nervous system
ae42f671-960a-431d-8374-57f92c0b4d0f	Necrotizing fascitis is caused by -	Staphylococcus aureus	Beta hemolytic streptococci	Clostridium perfringens	Pneumococcus	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beta hemolytic streptococci The spectrum of infections of the deep soft tissues ranges from localized bacterial, viral and parasitic lesions to rapidly spreading, tissue destructive infections such as necrotizing fascitis and myonecrosis. A) Pyomyositis :- It is common in tropics, therefore also calle...	Microbiology	null
ac0ccd42-f9ef-44ca-9357-888c34f6fdcf	Which of the following tests on maternal serum is most useful in distinguishing between open neural tube defects and ventral wall defects in a fetus?	Carcinoembryogenic antigen	Sphingomyelin	Alpha-feto protein	Pseudocholinesterase	3d	multi	In patients with elevated amniotic fluid AFP to differentiate between NTD and abdominal wall defect, acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase are measured:	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
31674e3f-cba1-4420-9dcb-ffb0303c6c60	Intestine get strengulated most commonly in which space	Omental bursa	Paraduodenal space	Rectouterine space	Subphrenic	0a	single	When strangulation occurs, the bility of the bowel is threatened secondary to a compromised blood supply. Causes of strangulation: External # Hernial orifices # Adhesions/bands Interrupted blood flow # Volvulus # Intussusception Increased intraluminal pressure # Closed-loop obstruction Primary # Mesenteric infarction R...	Surgery	G.I.T
bc3d745e-2e83-40b1-8136-4fdca2f5f6d8	Internal resorption may follow all except	trauma	root fracture	successful root canal filling	Enamel fracture	2c	multi	null	Dental	null
be03bffb-5296-4380-aa30-7bc27a76d1f0	Which one of the following drug is a Corticosteroid Synthesis Inhibitor?	Metyrapone	Finasteride	Flutamide	Mifepristone	0a	single	(A) Metyrapone [?]METYRAPONE is an inhibitor of endogenous adrenal corticosteroid synthesis used in the treatment of hypercortocolism.oMechanism of action: Selectively inhibits11-b-hydroxylase, which converts 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol in the terminal reaction of the glucocorticoid biosynthetic pathway.oBecause of th...	Pharmacology	Endocrinology
5dd48dff-5f18-42c4-89d1-32b186ee0a5c	The purpose of periodontal dressing is	Prevent overgrowth of granulation tissue	Protect the wound from local environmental changes	Make the patient comfortable after periodontal surgery	All of the above	3d	multi	null	Dental	null
42dc22a0-7945-4d2d-8bb9-a6d4694ad068	Which of the proteins connect Z lines to M lines?	Nebulin	Actin	Myosin	Titin	3d	single	It is the largest protein. It binds Z lines to M lines It prevents overstretching of sarcomere	Physiology	null
01262be0-cda7-49e8-bbd8-ad4f519975f9	Which of the following is not transmitted from father to male child: March 2011	Autosomal recessive	X-linked recessive	Autosomal dominant	All of the above	1b	multi	Ans. B: X-linked recessiveAn male affected with X-linked recessive disorder does not transmit the disorder to his son, hut all daughters are carriersX-linked recessive inheritanceIt is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be expressed- In males (who are necessa...	Pathology	null
41389150-f5e1-4bd0-b12d-991063cd7ddb	Percentage of glutaraldehyde used -	1%	2%	3%	4%	1b	single	2% glutaraldehyde is standard use in sterilization method Table 3.2 commonly used concentaion of disinfectant REF:Ananthanarayan & Panicker's Textbook of Microbiology 9th edition pg no:37	Microbiology	general microbiology
bfea7128-3f62-44b3-a3ca-c60eab1ab298	Which of the following lesion shows characteristic anagen, catagen and telogen phases?	Verucca vulgaris	Squamous papilloma	Keratoacanthoma	All of the above	2c	multi	Kerato acanthoma is a self healing carcinoma. It shows growth phase, stationary phase, regression phase.	Pathology	null
092dc8d0-e4b5-4237-9afc-09c540fc1f10	The first change in precancerous lesion on colposcopy is	Mosaics	Puntation	Acetowhite lesions	Cork-screw vessels	1b	single	The first change in precancerous lesion is punctuation	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
efc6b98d-6dce-434b-9db1-70b1382a3897	All are true predisposing factors for gallstone formation, except:	Weight loss leads to mobilization of tissue cholesterol leads to increased biliary cholesterol secretion while enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is decreased	Estrogens inhibits hepatic lipoprotein receptors, decrease uptake of dietary cholesterol, and increase biliary cholesterol absorption	Gallbladder hypomotility leading to stasis and formation of sludge	Clofibrate therapy: Increased biliary secretion of cholesterol	1b	multi	All others are true. Estrogens stimulate hepatic lipoprotein receptors, increase uptake of dietary cholesterol, and increase biliary cholesterol secretion, and leads to gallstone formation. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2618, Table 311-1	Medicine	null
0007c09e-1c63-4990-89eb-1ec4af842b47	Which of the following is a cause of acute laryngotracheal bronchitis?	H influenzae	Parainfluenza virus	Influenza virus	Coxsakie virus	1b	single	ANSWER: (B) Parainfluenza virusREF: Anantnarayan 8th ed p. 515* M ost s erious dis ease caused by parammyxovirus is: croup or laryngotracheobronchitis* Most common: parainfluenza type 1* Most common symptom: common cold* Most common symptom: common coldA specific diagnosis is established by detection of virus in respir...	Microbiology	Myxo Viruses
1a27299c-dd50-4d7f-8890-3afefe64e546	Which medication cannot be given in diarrhea in pregnancy -	Oral rehydration therapy	Stimulant purgative	Loperamide	Diphenoxylate-atropine	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Stimulant purgatives Stimulant purgatives* They are powerful purgatives: often produce griping. They irritate intestinal mucosa and thus were thought to primarily stimulate motor activity.* Though some of them do directly increase motility by acting on myenteric plexuses, the more important mechanism ...	Pharmacology	G.I.T
b13cd4b9-ce17-49db-8a94-f25c3aac937e	Which is not an 'Assisted Reproductive Technique' :-	GIFT	ZIFT	IVF	Intra-Uterine Insemination	3d	single	Assisted Reproductive Technology (A) comprises of a group of procedures done for treatment of infeility that have in common the handling of male and female gametes outside the body. All these procedures involve surgical removal of eggs known as egg retrieval. Assisted Reproductive Techniques A. GIFT - Gametes Intra Fal...	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Infeility (Eggs'plantation!)
afdb6d7f-be7c-4847-936e-e6026035ddc2	True about HIV epidemiology -a) Children rarely affectedb) < 10% of HIV infected person progress to AIDSc) Southern africa have 72% of total global burdend) Seminal secretion is more infectious than vaginal secretione) HIV cases can infect in the window period	bce	bde	acde	abde	2c	multi	null	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
91a098d7-3eb2-4bdf-b2b8-ab2fa7c74663	A 37-year-old HIV-positive man has had a relapsing and remitting course of motor and sensory problems for the past year, including difficulty with ambulation as well as symmetric numbness and tingling in all extremities. Nerve conduction studies show findings consistent with demyelination and remyelination. He is treat...	Bacterial infection	Carcinoma	Hyperglycemia	Immune dysregulation	3d	multi	Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) can be seen in patients with immunologic diseases. Treatment may aid recovery, but a chronic course may ensue. Bacterial infections produce signs of acute inflammation with redness and swelling and tend not to involve nerves specifically. Some paraneoplastic synd...	Pathology	Peripheral Nerve & Skeletal Muscles
3cca99ae-641e-428a-bd44-3ed7394780a9	A young runner with history of seasonal running nose, complains of sudden onset dyspnea early morning that improved after 2-3 hours. He has history of similar episodes in the past.on examination, patient is tachypneic, diffuse polyphonic expiatory wheeze heard on auscultation of chest, His x-ray is normal. All except ...	Diffusion Lung capacity for carbon monoxide is Normal	FEV1% is decreased	Necrosis of airways	Microvascular leakage resulting in airway edema.and plasma exudation into airway lumen	2c	multi	Clinical features are suggestive of Bronchial Asthma. There is no necrosis of airway in Bronchial Asthma.	Medicine	null
ec5fa5dd-9f4b-4992-9f76-3177ca4a4bb7	Which of the following are Nada&;s major criteria for clinical diagnosis of congenital hea disease?	Systolic murmur grade I or II	Diastolic murmur	Abnormal blood pressure	Abnormal electrocardiogram	1b	single	Nadas&; Criteria The assessment for presence of hea disease can be done using the Nadas&; criteria. Presence of one major or two minor criteria is essential for indicating the presence of hea disease. Nadas&; criteria for clinical diagnosis of congenital hea disease Major Minor Systolic murmur grade III or more Systoli...	Pediatrics	C.V.S
4838f43d-cc25-4cf4-b2c9-fb71c920c77d	Tubular maximum for glucose is:	180 mg/dl	325 mg/min	375 mg/min	375 mg/dl	2c	single	Glucose is typical of substances removed from the urine by secondary active transport. It is filtered at a rate of approximately 100 mg/min (80 mg/dL of plasma × 125 mL/min). Essentially all of the glucose is reabsorbed, and no more than a few milligrams appear in the urine per 24 h. The amount reabsorbed is propo...	Physiology	null
92daafd8-b8a0-425a-b123-403f0e66900e	All are non-proliferative glomerulonephritis, except:	Membranous glomerulonephritis	Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis	Diabetic glomerulosclerosis	Amyloidosis	1b	multi	Conditions with Proliferative Glomerulonephritis : SLE (paicularly class II) HIV Membranoproliferative/Mesangiocapillary glomerulonepritis Neoplasia (CLL and MALT lymphoma) Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis Rest all options are the conditions with non proliferative glomerulonephritis.	Pathology	Kidney disorders
b19f9282-3825-4be0-b34a-77b9f70151df	Rough surface on casting occurs due to	Investment breakdown.	Air bubbles on wax.	Weak surface of investment.	All of the above.	3d	multi	null	Dental	null
983a00a8-b72f-4178-a0b3-da99caac7e1f	In plasma, if pH is 5 , what is the fraction of base to acid?	0.01	0.1	1	10	1b	single	Ans: b (0.1)Ref: Vasudevan 4th ed/p.347According to Henderson-Hasselbach equation,pH = pKa + log (pKa= pH at which the acid is half ionised. It is a constant)The most important buffer system in plasma is bicarbonate- carbonic acid system. pKa for carbonic acid is 6.1 .pH = pKa + log rbasel5 = 6.1 + log log rbasel = -1....	Biochemistry	Miscellaneous (Bio-Chemistry)
840db2c4-4c67-4e78-beb8-49bb36f3d352	Moclobemide is -	SSRI	Antipsychotic drug	MAO inhibitors	Prevent recyclation of adrenaline	2c	single	Ans. is 'c' i.e., MAO inhibitor o Moclobemide is a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA).	Pharmacology	null
1d9a914d-f58f-4cef-a929-440e9f5b94f7	Earliest presentation of Friedrich's ataxia is -	Ataxia	Seizures	Optic atrophy	Stuttering	0a	single	null	Medicine	null
a92f6f84-df40-4c0b-b655-7290cfa932c0	Regarding cutaneous amoebiasis, which is not true?	It is a spreading necrotizing inflammation of the skin and cutaneous tissue	Rapid improvement with anti-amoebic treatment occurs	Can occur in the perianal region	The infection reaches the skin through the blood stream	3d	multi	Ans. is 'd' i.e., The infection reaches the skin through the blood streamCutaneous amoebiasis-It is usually seen over the region adjoining a visceral lesion, e.g., area of drainage of liver abscess or colostomy wound or from the rectum perianally.	Microbiology	Parasitology
3cef83b5-b626-43c7-aee0-b364a3fb1e7e	Content of meningocele?	Dura mater	Spinal cord	Brain mater	Cauda equina	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dura mater [Ref: Ghai 8th/e p. 576)Meningocele* There is protrusion of meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater) through a defect in neural arch. This contains only CSF. There may be associated genital tract abnormalities, e.g. vaginal septa and rectovaginal fistula.Myelomeningocele (meningomyelocele)* T...	Pediatrics	Central Nervous System
af1d47f9-d690-4a83-accb-bd25b1e7414d	Maple syrup urine disease is due accumulation of	Phenylalanine	Tyrosine	Branched chain amino acids	Tryptophan	2c	single	Maple syrup urine disease is also called branched-chain ketonuria The basic defect is deficient decarboxylation of branched-chain ketoacids.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 7th edition, page no: 230	Biochemistry	Metabolism of protein and amino acid
0924a456-7a67-4ad4-ac78-88d16cbd592d	Which of the following acts as a neurotransmitter inhibitor:	Glutamate	GABA	Aspartic acid	Lysin	1b	single	null	Physiology	null
e05c5320-27b3-48f5-bf77-fcd29a8eabdf	During autopsy, if spinal cord is to be examined what is the most commonly used approach:	Anterior	Posterior	Lateral	Antero-lateral	1b	single	B ie Posterior For spinal cord autopsy examination body is placed prone on table and incision is made on the back in midline extending from, occipital protuberance to the lower end of sacrum, (posterior approch)Q - Reddy Autopsy of spinal cord can be done either from posterior (most common)Q or anterior approach. High ...	Forensic Medicine	null
d3e4be3b-2345-4c01-b8e9-a1bbec2118ba	In which of the following weapons, empty caridge case is ejected after firing	Shotgun	Revolver	Pistol	Rifle	2c	single	C i.e. Pistol	Forensic Medicine	null
90398790-d783-4a66-9e98-e0d9634c4484	Which cranial nerve is involved in Weber syndrome?	II	III	IV	V	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., III Focal vascular syndromes of the midbrainSyndrome nameRegionVascular supplyAnatomical structure(s)Clinical feature (s)Weber's syndromeMidbrainBranches of PCA and top of basilar arteryOculomotor nerve fasciclesIpsilateral third-nerve palsyClaude's syndromeMidbrain tegmentum nerve palsyBranches of PC...	Medicine	C.N.S.
bc4da2f4-237b-45b2-87ac-c34ed672a623	Following result after chronic edema to legs EXCEPT?	Marjolins ulcer	Thickening of skin	Soft tissue infections	Varicose veins	3d	multi	Ans. (d) Varicose veinsRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. / 593/903* Varicose veins are a cause of chronic leg edema and not a result of chronic leg edema.* Edema is defined as a palpable swelling caused by an -increase in interstitial fluid volume. The most likely cause of leg edema in patients over age 50 is venous insuffic...	Surgery	Chronic Venous Insufficiency
e5a0a951-7b33-4036-9f1c-a6a6236ea94d	Railway spine is associated with: March 2013 (d, h)	Spine injury as a result of fall from height	Railway accidents	Lathi charge over spinal column	Spine & veebrae interacted or touched each other in congenital disease	1b	multi	Ans. B i.e. Railway accidents Railway spine It was a nineteenth-century diagnosis for the post-traumatic symptoms of passengers involved in railroad accidents. The first full length medical study of the condition was John Eric Erichsen's classic book, On Railway and Other Injuries of the Nervous System. For this reason...	Surgery	null
4d427eee-a3f7-4c71-b157-cebfa243a5b3	Lady with Mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation with full term gestation, obstetrician planning to conduct normal delivery, what would be analgesia of choice?	Parenteral opioids	General anesthesia	Inhalational analgesia	Neuraxial analgesia	3d	single	Pain relief is impoant for hea disease patients as pain can cause tachycardia, which in turn can cause cardiac failure. in hea disease patients vaginal delivery is indicated. C section done for obstetric indications only Epidural and spinal techniques are the most effective means of providing pain relief for labor. The...	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Medical Illness Complicating Pregnancy
794972ae-c47d-4d0c-b764-b64c38884aaf	Early adolescence age is	8-11 yrs	10-13 yrs	14-15 yrs	16-19 yrs	1b	single	Adolescence is the stage of transition from childhood to adulthood. Early adolescence ( 10-13yrs) Mid adolescence ( 14-16yrs) Late adolescence (17-19yrs) Ref: Ghai, 9th edition, Chapter 5	Anatomy	General anatomy
e72f9d62-e46a-487b-b80f-587c44721ead	Specificity of a screening test measures -	True positives	False positives	False negatives	True negatives	3d	multi	Ans. is 'd' i.e. True negatives Repeat from May 06Sensitivity is the ability of test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, i.e. 'true positives'.Specificity is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, i.e. 'true negatives'.	Social & Preventive Medicine	Screening for Disease
886042e2-7281-461b-b39f-4248f8d8ebf4	Small pox vaccine was invented by	Louis pasture	Edward Jenner	Paul Eugene	John snow	1b	multi	Small pox vaccine Introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796, was the first successful vaccine to be developed Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition	Social & Preventive Medicine	Concept of health and disease
17d812a5-926a-4230-9407-35f4d23e52f4	A 8-year-old boy rapidly develops hypoglycemia after moderate activity. On examination, doll like face and the liver and kidneys are found to be enlarged. Blood examination reveals raised levels of ketone bodies, lactic acid, and triglycerides. Histopathology of the liver shows deposits of glycogen in an excess amount....	Pompe's	McArdle's	von Gierke's	Cori's disease	2c	single	Inheritance: Autosomal recessive Definitive diagnosis - liver biopsy Fructose and galactose restriction in the diet is advised. Reference: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry 30th Edition Page no 179	Biochemistry	Metabolism of carbohydrate
38e38ba9-1867-45fd-99fd-0cbc7628a216	Shortest acting non depolarizing muscle relaxant is-	Mivacuriiim	Doxacuronium	Pipecurium	Vecuronium	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mivacurium o Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is the shortest acting skeletal muscle relaxant,o Mivacurium is the shortest acting nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant.	Anaesthesia	Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
3e08639c-014c-4480-87b2-1cacf4ca79a1	A 5 year old female patient complains of deformed shape of legs. Patient is a strict vegetarian. Lab investigations reveal elevated level of alkaline phosphatase. This patient may be suffering from deficiency of-	Vitamin A	Vitamin B1	Vitamin C	Vitamin D	3d	single	Deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. The weight bearing bones are bent to form bow-legs. In rickets, the plasma level of calcitriol is decreased and alkaline phosphatase activity is elevated. Satyanarayana- Biochemistry, 3rd edition, pg-127	Biochemistry	null
0fe2488a-b4b6-4aef-a4c9-4ce04c348e2a	Incidentally findings, in CT scan, a 3cm adrenal mass, which of the following is NOT- done	Adrenalectomy	Dexamethasone suppression test	Measurment of catecholamines	Midnight plasma cortisol	0a	multi	(Adrenalectomy) (816- B&L 24th) (812-Baily &Love 25th)* A unilateral non functioning adrenal mass greater than 4cm in diameter is an indication for adrenalectomy. The patient with a mass smaller than 4cm in diameter should undergo repeat CT/MR1 -4-6 months after the previous examinationINVESTIGATIONSFunctioning adrenal...	Surgery	Parathyroid & Adrenal Glands
13f7e542-74ec-4249-8a16-e31b31b1a0b8	Which clotting factor is required for stabilization of fibrin clot?	XIIIa	VIII	IX	V	0a	single	The fibrin is initially a loose mesh of interlacing strands. It is conveed by the formation of covalent cross-linkages to a dense, tight aggregate (stabilization). This latter reaction is catalyzed by activated factor XIII ie XIIIaVIII - Antihemophilic factor (AHF), antihemophilic factor A, antihemophilic globulin (AHG...	Physiology	Cardiovascular system
3af57688-c929-49fa-ba1e-095a6ab7accf	Which of the following patient characteristics is a possible reason for the use of celecoxib in the treatment of arthritis ?	History of severe rash after treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic	History of gout	History of peptic ulcer disease	History of type 2 DM	2c	single	null	Pharmacology	null
dfc273bb-d9e4-412f-8f57-3779fffb1cbe	Name the operation shown here.	Boari flap operation	Young operation	Pierce operation	Nesbitt operation	0a	single	Ans. (a) Boari Flap operation* Boari Flap operation - For lower ureteric injuries the bladder is used to reconstruct the gap as shown here.* Ureteric injury must be repaired immediately.	Surgery	Kidney & Ureturs
5bcd5c73-8020-4bf1-b29f-1ba40e3240ad	M.C. type of cutaneous T.B. is -	lupus vulgaris	Scrofuloderma	T.B. verruca cutis	Erythema induratum	0a	single	Most common type of cutaneous tb is lupus vulgaris iadvl textbook of dermatology , page 245	Dental	Bacterial infections
c4a82242-5765-4a76-8b76-6f27d69b04db	True statement about Kiesselbach's Plexus	Larger capillary network in anteroinferior part of vestibule of septum.	Contains anastomoses between sphenopalatine artery branches,superior labial branch of facial artery, greater palatine artery and anterior ethmoidal artery.	Common site of epistaxis; also known as Little's area.	All of the above	3d	multi	Kiesselbach's Plexus → Large capillary network in anteroinferior part of vestibule of septum. → Contains anastomoses between: Sphenopalatine artery and its branches. Superior labial branch of facial artery. Greater palatine artery. Anterior ethmoidal artery. → This is known as Little's area. → Little's area - Common ...	Anatomy	null
e35f7a2f-f83b-4952-bc2b-33c05425fffa	Which one of the following aeries pierces the oblique popliteal ligament of the knee joint?	Medial superior genicular aery	Lateral superior genicular aery	Middle genicular aery	Posterior tibial recurrent aery	2c	single	OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT:- Expansion from the tendon of semimembranosus. Runs upwards and laterally, blends with the posterior surface of the capsule, and is attached to the intercondylar line and lateral condyle of femur. Related to politeal aery. Structures piercing the ligament:-1. Middle Genicular vessels.2. Post...	Anatomy	Lower limb
4b2941f4-d801-4958-a539-6546198310d8	Hyperacute rejection occurs within:	12 hours	2 weeks	1 month	3 months	0a	single	Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 233 Hyperacute Rejection This form of rejection occurs within minutes or hours after transplantation. A hyperacutely rejecting kidney rapidly becomes cyanotic, mottled, and flaccid, and may excrete a mere few drops of bloody urine. Immunoglobulin and complement are deposite...	Unknown	null
fd1e42c0-2f58-4b3e-aec3-22cd2a4819d8	10 years old child with 10 days continuous fever with soft, enlarged spleen, diagnosis is –	Enteric fever	Malarial	Hodgkins disease	Meningitis	0a	single	null	Pediatrics	null
730550ef-8f8f-46c3-8f6b-68fa084ebf5d	A 33-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of seeing "spots" floating around in her eye. Today, she notes streaks of light in the same eye accompanied by a "shadow" in her peripheral vision that moves when looking up and down. Her medical history is significant for migraine headaches; however, she has never had ...	Ophthalmic migraine	Malingering	Retinal detachment	Amaurosis fugax	2c	single	Retinal detachment: The history suggests retinal detachment. the vitreous detach from the retina and causes the perception of "floaters" Vitreous detaching from the retina may cause a peripheral "horseshoe" tear in susceptible areas of the retina. The tear allows fluid within the vitreous to accumulate under the retina...	Ophthalmology	Retina
9e46bebc-0df7-417c-8d65-b0faaedd8138	All are food fortification except:(1994)	Addition of color to saccharin	Addition of Vit A to food stuffs	Addition of extra nutrients to food stuffs	Iodisation of salt	0a	multi	Ans: aRef: Park, 17th ed, p. 453 & 18th ed, p. 480, 481	Social & Preventive Medicine	Nutrition and Health
0e6b7a38-aea0-4d11-aaee-e1d2afbf0562	Which of the following feature is common to both cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells?	Synthesis of antibody	Effective against virus infected cells	Requirement of antibodies for action	Recognize antigen in association with HLA class II markers	1b	multi	Cytotoxic T lymphocytes plays a protective role against virus associated neoplasms (EBV and HPV induced tumors) and have been demonstrated in the blood and tumor infiltrates of cancer patients.NK cells have the innate ability to lyse a variety of tumor cells, virally infected cells and some normal cells without prior s...	Pathology	null
6449652f-8128-4001-b025-1855ee14399a	Defect seen in Vitiligo is: September 2010	Absent melanosomes	Absent melanocytes	Reduction in melanin synthesis	Reduction in number of melanocytes	1b	single	Ans. B: Absent melanocytes Vitiligo is a chronic disorder that causes depigmentation of patches of skin. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation, die or are unable to function. The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but research suggests that it may arise from autoimmune, genetic, oxidative s...	Skin	null
95a581b2-3e17-4bcf-ba3b-a0d3bf2836dd	Example of cold burn is /are:	Frostbite	Trench foot in soldiers.	Immersion foot occurring in shipwrecked persons.	All of the above.	3d	multi	Cold burns include Freezing injuries (frostbite) Non-freezing cold injuries e.g. chilblain (localized painful erythema in the fingers, toes or ears produced by cold damp weather) Trench foot seen in soldiers Immersion foot occurring in shipwrecked persons.	Surgery	null
7e8eee46-c8ad-4af4-8f06-ed01cc9f5bd7	In metabolic acidosis which of the following changes are seen?	Increased K+ excretion	Decreased K+ excretion	Increased Na+ excretion	Increased Na+ reabsorption	1b	single	K+ secretion into the renal tubules when the H+ secretion is increased (intracellular Buffering of H+). Thus in metabolic acidosis, there is decreased K+ excretion. Factors afffecting K+ distribution between ECF and ICF concentration Shift Of K+ into the cell - Decrease in ECF K+ Shift Of K+ out of the Cell - Increase ...	Physiology	Renal physiology
94423b76-abe0-466d-bd91-4257f082a4a9	Best index for chronic malnutrition is: September 2010	Height for age	Weight for age	Weight for height	All of the above	0a	multi	Ans. A: Height for age	Pediatrics	null
9652705d-ca1e-4f1d-9c23-15017485275d	The highest concentrations of Vitamin A is seen in -	Polar bear liver	Cod liver oil	Shark liver oil	Papaya	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Codliver oil Amongst the given options, cod liver oil has highest concentration.	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
a79e6709-5eb4-4874-bd37-23f761568d6e	Break bone fever is ?	Malaria	Dengue fever	Kala azar	Japanese encephalitis	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dengue fever White disease AIDS Povey disease - Cholera Hundred day cough: Peussis (Whooping cough) 5 day fever: Trench fever 8' day disease: Tetanus Black sickness: Kala azar Black death: Plague Cerebrospinal fever: Meningococcal meningitis Breakbone fever: Dengue Koch's phenomenon: Tuberculosis Hans...	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
e497866e-aa45-4fb1-ba67-b4f36382d6cb	Ureteric constriction is seen at all the following positions, EXCEPT:	Ureteropelvic junction	Ureterovesical junction	Crossing of iliac aery	Ischial spine	3d	multi	Each ureter measures about 10 in. (25 cm) long and resembles the esophagus (also 10 in. long) in having three constrictions along its course. The sites of ureteric constrictions include: where the renal pelvis joins the ureter, where it is kinked as it crosses the pelvic brim, and where it pierces the bladder wall.Ref:...	Anatomy	null
9af583ef-f313-4d03-a1ae-894cb63e1410	Water sample which is likely to contain chlorine, will affect the results of bacteriological analysis of water. Which one of the following, if added in small amount in the test tube will help overcome it –	Potassium nitrate	Copper sulphate	Calcium hydrochloride	Sodium thiosulphate	3d	multi	null	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
de009a38-0d49-4cb9-9c68-faf10e7557c5	What is the thickness of the layer of prismless enamel found in primary teeth?	25 μm	50 μm	75 μm	100 μm	0a	single	null	Dental	null
6200cc35-e5af-43d5-b3c3-4ce20391732d	The cyst is `deroofed' and the surrounding periosteum sutured to the margins of the cyst wall in	Decortication	Marsupialisation	Saucerization	Enucleation	1b	multi	null	Surgery	null
571b5eca-bd9b-457a-9efe-eeff386d2a3b	The virus with smallest genome is ?	Reovirus	Parvovirus	Picornavirus	HIV	1b	multi	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Parvovirus . Smallest genome ----> Parvovirus . Largest genome --> Poxvirus	Microbiology	null
686238d0-252d-49fd-a933-8a41eefe399d	The common feature of Nuclear Localization Signals is	They are rich in acidic amino acid residues and are located at the C-terminus of the protein	They are rich in basic amino acid residues and are located at the C-terminus of the protein	They are rich in acidic amino acid residues and may be located anywhere in the protein sequence	They are rich in basic amino acid residues and may be located anywhere in the protein sequence	3d	single	Many nuclear proteins contain NLSs that are rich in basic arginine and lysine residues, which may be located anywhere in the polypeptide chain. Reference: Harper; 30th edition	Biochemistry	Structure and function of protein
c33040b0-c2fa-4ed5-8988-42e1d2724d2d	Superior pa of IVC develops from which pa?	Right vitelline vein	Subcardinal vein	Anterior cardinal vein	Sacrocardinal vein	0a	single	Anterior cardinal vein and subcardinal vein will be degenerated during development where as sacrocardinal segment forms the inferior pa. Reference: TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL EMBRYOLOGY.... VISHRAM SINGH SECOND EDITION....PAGE NO:245	Anatomy	General anatomy
f2187e42-c56d-4bac-9247-3884f5e626a4	Apparant volume of distribution of a drug less than 5 liters implies that the drug is predominantly in which of the following compament?	Extracellular fluid	Total body water	Intracellular fluid	Intravascular fluid	0a	single	Ans is 'a' i.e., Extracellular fluido A drug with high volume of distribution has more concentration in tissue and less in plasma.o A drug with low volume of distribution has concentration only in plasma (intravascular)Relationship between volume of distribution and extent of distributionVd (L)% body weightExtent of di...	Pharmacology	null
e0a5de59-6bdc-46af-92cb-a78c6f377aaf	Polychromatic luster type of cataract seen in -	Complicated cataract	Myotonic Dystrophy	Diabetes mellitus	Wilson's disease	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Complicated cataract o See above explanation	Ophthalmology	Acquired Cataract
0203f880-4956-46d1-9bb2-b8c08b7722bb	True about Bain circuit – a) Mapleson type Bb) Mapleson type Dc) Can be used for spontaneous respirationd) Can be used for controlled vantilatione) Coaxial	bce	abd	bcde	acde	2c	multi	Bain circuit (type D Mapleson) is a co-axial system. It is the circuit of choice for controlled ventilation. It can also be used for spontaneous ventilation.	Anaesthesia	null
12469f4e-740c-4d5b-9663-63b41988a3a5	In multiple myeloma following are seen -a) Increase Calciumb) Sclerotic bone lesion c) Gone depositiond) Renal failure	b	c	ad	ab	2c	single	null	Medicine	null
676d0fe2-eaa5-4c7e-bdb2-e5fc422dbffe	True about fat embolism	Seen one week after injury	Patechie	Bradycardia	All	1b	multi	B i.e. Patechae	Surgery	null
dc669407-a493-46ce-a33f-3e08773085a4	Ultrasonography transducer contain –	Sodium fluoride	Lead Zirconate	Caesium fluoride	None	1b	multi	Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is the most widely used material in the ultrasound transducers / probes replacing the firstly discovered barium titanate.	Radiology	null
3fb2553c-31fe-4b40-81cd-368352f9ae55	All are true/ except regarding patch test	Diagnose ABCD	Read after 48 hours	Angry back IA false negative test	T.R.U.E test	2c	multi	C. i.e. Angry back lit false negative test The gold standard method for the diagnosis of allergic dermatitis resulting from type IV delayed hypersenstivityQ. Such as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) & air borne contact dermatitis (ABCD)Q remains the patch test. It is read after 48 hours (2 days)Q Type 1 hypersensitivi...	Skin	null
d40f0b62-2580-474e-9d43-35d9ea790567	Voricanazole is not effective against	Candida albicans	Mucormycosis	Candida tropicalis	Aspergillosis	1b	single	Refer Harrison 17th/1243 Voricanazole is drug of choice for treatment of Aspergillosis. It can also be used for Candida species Mucormycosis is treated by Amphotercin B.Posaconazole can also be used	Pharmacology	Chemotherapy
b096e6d4-59f0-4a2c-bf7f-017ce13d406f	Chromosome associated with familial polyposis coli ?	Chromosome 5	Chromosome 6	Chromosome 11	Chromosome 13	0a	single	null	Pathology	null
39e9e17b-4ad0-4955-8787-7765e05f97dc	All of the following reactions are catalysed by microsomal enzymes except	Glucuronidation	Acetylation	Oxidation	Reduction	1b	multi	Ref-KDT 6/e p25 Most of the Phase 1 reactions and Glucuronide conjugation(phase II reaction)are catalysed by microsomal enzymes.these enzyme can be induced or inhibited by drugs .acetylation is carried out by N-acetyl transferase,a non microsomal enzyme	Anatomy	Other topics and Adverse effects
2a0059fb-fc38-4b74-a3dc-9499d422ef10	CAP in LAC operon is an example of:(AIIMS Nov 2011, May 2011)	Positive regulator	Negative regulator	Attenuation	Constitutive expression	0a	single	Ans. a. Positive regulator (Ref: Lippincott 4/e p418-420)CAP in LAC operon is an example of positive regulator."CAP-cAMP regulator is a positive regulator for Lac operonQ because its presence is required for gene expression."Operon is the segment of DN A strand, consisting of cluster of several genes involved in metabo...	Biochemistry	Regulation of Gene Expression
5b9137fa-731d-4ea5-a675-009e25c3b06f	Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is most strongly associated with	HLA DQ2	HLA DR4	HLA DQ3	Blood group B	0a	single	Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy)Genetic predisposition: HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8Pathogenesis: Gluten contains an alcohol-soluble fraction called "gliadin" which resist degradation by gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal proteases. Such gliadins induce CD8+ T cell response and damage epithelial cells. Thro...	Pathology	G.I.T
debfd15f-afdc-4831-ac2b-99998d1a731a	Epiphyseal enlargement is seen in:	Rickets	Ankylosing spondylitis	Spondo-epiphyseal dysplasia	Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis	3d	single	Ans. Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis	Pathology	null
bce1a1a2-9331-4b5e-91f2-85cc701b423f	Which of the following vessels have the function of capacitation?	Aeriole	Capillary	Male reproductive tract	Aery	2c	single	Capacitation is the penultimate step in the maturation of mammalian spermatozoa and is required to render them competent to feilize an oocyte. This step is a biochemical event; the sperm moves normally and looks mature prior to capacitation.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;24th edition; page no:-423	Physiology	Endocrinology
5f5ba60f-b5f7-46ed-af84-e9cdbe350e9e	Which of the following is a cyanotic hea disease:	PDA	VSD	TOF	ASD	2c	single	CLASSIFICATION OF CONGENITAL HEA DISEASES: Acyanotic hea disease Cyanotic hea disease - VSD - ASD - PDA -TOF -Tricuspid atresia -Pulmonary atresia with intact septum -Transposition of great aeries -TAPVC -Truncus aeriosus -Ebstein anomaly BASED ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:	Pediatrics	Other hea diseases in children
9f2de5f0-3ecb-4212-9b82-970304d4f134	Which one of the following diseases characteristically causes fatty change in liver?	Hepatitis B virus infection	Wilson s disease	Hepatitis C virus infection	Chronic alcoholism	3d	multi	Fatty liver is also known as hepatic steatosis. It happens when fat builds up in the liver. Having small amounts of fat in your liver is normal, but too much can become a health problem When fatty liver develops in someone who drinks a lot of alcohol, it's known as (AFLD) Refer robbins 9/e	Pathology	G.I.T
875d3f7b-5dd6-453e-a4f6-883fcfe26ba0	Which of the following condition is associated with the development of sunflower cataract?	Diabetes mellitus	Injuries	Chalcosis	Infections	2c	single	Sunflower cataract occur due to chalcosis. Chalcosis of the lens develop with the presence of copper containing intra ocular foreign bodies or as a pa of Wilson's disease. In this condition copper also gets deposited in basements membrane resulting in Kayser Fleischer ring. Retention of iron containing foreign bodies c...	Ophthalmology	null
0d78c9c9-a7a5-497c-addd-68209caa3be3	Lactic acidosis in thiamine deficiency is due to which enzyme dysfunction?	Phosphoenol Pyruvate Carboxykinase	Pyruvate Dehydrogenase	Pyruvate Carboxylase	Aldolase	1b	single	In Thiamine deficiency, PDH reaction is defective. So, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. Causes of inhibition of PDH leading to lactic acidosis: Inherited PDH deficiency Thiamine deficiency Alcoholics due to thiamine deficiency Arsenite and Mercury poisoning Harper 30th edition	Biochemistry	null
845e62cf-2156-4890-a787-da155e81dd0f	The most common organism causing meningitis is-	Staphylococcus	Streptococcus	Mycoplasma	Pneumococcus	3d	single	null	Microbiology	null
a40fc02a-0f09-4abd-a636-ddf3900e4443	Which of the following is excreted in saliva	Tetracyclines	Ampicilline	Lithium	Chloramphenicol	2c	single	(Lithium) (416-670 KDT) (435-KDT 6th)LITHIUM - is excreted in sweat and saliva also salivary concentration is proportional to serum concentration and may be usedfor non invasive monitoring* Lithium is excreted in breast milk, Mothers on lithium should not breast feed (416 - KDT)Tetracyclines - are concentrated in liver...	Pharmacology	Anti Microbial
7705c26e-74b4-43a1-bd1b-08b8e0e69726	32 year old man, presented with painless ulcer with a black eschar on his leg. Smears of exudate show non motile organisms which are in chains. Spores are absent in the smear. Most probable organism is:	Proteus	Diphtheroids	Clostridium	Bacillus anthracis	3d	single	Bacillus anthracis is a large gram-positive rod with square ends, frequently found in chains. It is non motile, whereas other members of the genus are motile. Spores are usually not seen in smears of exudate because spores form when nutrients are insufficient, and nutrients are plentiful in infected tissue. Also know: ...	Microbiology	null
f05d81e5-2a93-4b24-acb7-c97bd55c0640	Not a component of DOTS	Accountability	Political commitment	Uninterrupted drug supply	Medicines given for 30 days	3d	single	Components of DOTS Accountability Political commitment Uninterrupted drug supply Good quality sputum microscopy Directly observed treatment.	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
4edd27c8-132b-493c-81f8-13c41d4d1eaf	After I.V drug administration , elimination of a drug depends on	Volume of distribution	Clearance	Lipids solubility	All	3d	multi	elimination of drug depends on -volume of distribution -clearance Volume of distribution is more for high lipids solubility Ref-KDT 7/e p30-31	Anatomy	General anatomy
d06a9b48-4fa9-44cd-8c56-12e46b1f5d2a	The most common symptom of AIDS in an infant is	Gastrointestinal infection	Persistent cough	Failure to thrive	Lymphadenopathy	0a	single	Clinical features in an HIV infected infant is:Recurrent GI infection and oral thrush is commonly foundClinical features in older children:Growth failureFeverDiarrheaSecondary infection(Refer: OP Ghai's Textbook of Pediatrics, 8th edition, pg no. 202)	Pediatrics	All India exam
fe66f26a-0fc4-45e7-beb0-1c5142874d6b	Colostrum contains more of _________	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	3d	single	Colostrum is known to contain immune cells (as lymphocytes) and many antibodies such as IgA, IgG, and IgM. ... Other immune components of colostrum include the major components of the innate immune system, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, complement, and proline-rich polypeptides (PRP). Ref: guyton and h...	Physiology	G.I.T
7c4c07d1-d4a0-4e47-ad0b-77c0d92160d2	DNA fragments formed by restriction enzymes are separated by	Ultra centrifugation	Agarose gel electrophoresis	Paper chromatography	HPLC	1b	single	Agarose is the supp medium for the gel electrophoresis it is viscous liquid when hot but solidify to a gel on cooling.The gel is prepared in the buffer and spread over microscopic slides and allowed to cool.A small sample of serum or the biological fluid is applid by cutting into the gel with a sharp edge.The electroph...	Biochemistry	Structure and function of protein
fbf19492-4cc6-4c34-ac7f-fbd11e9c6ab1	Rural and Urban difference in prevalence is seen in all of the following, except:	Lung cancer	Tuberculosis	Mental illness	Chronic bronchitis	1b	multi	null	Dental	null
a3cc87d7-4b5f-42c6-a6a8-de638552ba5d	Which of the following is not the function of complements?	Ceil lysis	Antiviral action	Promotes phagocytosis	Toxin neutralization	3d	single	Ans: D (Toxin neutralization) Ref: Ananthanarayan, Paniker CJ. Textbook of microbiology. 8th Edition. London: John Wiley & Sons: 2009. Pg 120Explanation:Functions of ComplementIt mediates immunological membrane damage (cytolysis, bacteriolysis)It amplifies the inflammatory response and participates in the pathogenesis ...	Microbiology	Complement System
369bd90b-ffca-4ad2-8b29-e53ac4644c1d	Thalidomide is useful in which of the following conditions?	Treatment of leprosy	Treatment of type II lepra reaction	Treatment of type I lepra reaction	Treatment of neuritic leprosy	1b	single	Lepra Reaction TYPE 1 LEPRA REACTION TYPE 2 LEPRA REACTION - It is also known as reversal reaction. - It is seen in TT and BL cases of leprosy. - Drug of choice is coicosteroids. Alternative is clofazimine. - Thalidomide is ineffective. - It is also known as erythema nodosum leprosum. - It is seen in LL cases of lepros...	Pharmacology	Mycobacterial Diseases (TB, Leprosy and MAC)

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