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73991b44-e13d-4b6e-952e-b999a6d5013d | Fever is due to: | Interleukin-1 | Interleukin-2 | Interleukin-3 | Interleukin-4 | 0a | single | Interleukin-1 | Physiology | null |
ff795fa5-2711-4d00-9fd1-721668a0dccc | Caseous necrosis is seen in? | CMV infection | Staphylococcal infection | Treponemal infection | HSV infection | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Treponemal infection o Caseous necrosis is a feature of syphilis which is caused by tremonemal infection.Caseous necrosiso It is a variant of coagulative necrosis. It is most commonly encountered when cell death is attributable to certain organisms e.g., mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), syphilis and f... | Pathology | Histo Pathology |
d47ec04d-8a9a-4f02-a8d6-14ad991b88bb | Which of the following is not a component of Reynolds' Pentad in toxic cholangitis? | Right upper quadrant pain | Confusion | Septic shock | Markedly elevated transaminases | 3d | single | Reynold's pentad of acute obstructive cholangitis(suppurative cholangitis) includes - persistent right upper quadrant pain,persistent fever,persistent jaundice,shock(toxicity) and altered mental status. Reference:SRB's manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:651. | Surgery | G.I.T |
a9e9e2d9-33de-4813-851d-daf0c7b1102f | A 34 year old lady, Ruchi, with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder was admitted to the medicine casualty with claims of consumption of some form of poison following an argument with her husband. She was reluctant to disclose the nature of the consumed substance. She was initially treated with stomach wash a... | Zinc phosphide | Pyrethrum | Ethylene glycol | Carbamate poisoning | 0a | multi | Ethylene glycol intoxication causes metabolic acidosis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and finally acute kidney failure. Zinc phosphide used for rat poisoning can cause fatal acute liver necrosis. This condition is not rare in India. Carbamate poisoning is like organophosphorous poisoning. | Medicine | null |
18fec33f-2663-47e4-ba2c-cfad09961a8b | The colour of bag used to dispose sharp wastes is: (2014 Feb REPEAT) | Red | Blue white translucen | Yellow | Black | 1b | single | Ans: B > A (Blue white translucen > Red)Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 22nd edition, pg: 739Explanation:Colour Coding for Various Categories of Biomedical Wastes and Disposal MethodsColourCodingType of containerWaste categoryDisposalMethodYellowPlastic bag* Category 1: Human anatomical waste (H... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and Health |
2b801ad5-c2af-4a2a-8843-dc06a619666b | ED50 is used for determining: | Potency | Efficacy | Safety | Toxicity | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
71b79236-d7bd-48f9-892a-e8c018f7e3f5 | Reciprocal anchorage is offered by | Activator | Inter maxillary elastics | Maxillary expansion appliance | Catalan's appliance | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
bb0b8de5-9322-4fa6-93e0-37b3d433b8ef | The marker for B lymphocyte is: | CD19 | CD68 | CD34 | CD4 | 0a | single | Answer is A (CD19) : CD 19 is a marker fir B lymphocytes. Primarily B cell associated antigens include CD10 and CD19 to CD23 i.e. CD10, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23 Primarily T cell associated antigens include CD1 to CD8 with the exception of CD6 i.e. C'D1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD7, CD8. Primarily monocyte macropha... | Medicine | null |
3ea02569-d128-4184-87fa-b1817f2918be | Cervical lymph node involvement in papillary ca thyroid, best treatment is - | Radioactive iodine | Chemotherapy | Radical neck dissection | Steroid | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Radical neck dissection "Lymph node metastasis in the lateral neck in patients with papillary carcinma usually should be managed with modified radical or functional neck dissection." - Schwaz Though the option mentions 'Radical neck dissection', not 'modified radical neck dissection, it still is the be... | Surgery | null |
6a680ad4-ba92-4be5-9959-5e79c900234d | Latest drug used for treatment of MDR TB patients is - | Bedaquiline | Amithiozone | Capreomycin | Linezolid | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bedaquiline Bedaquiline* It is a diaryl quinolone.* It acts by inhibiting M. tuberculosis adenosine triphosphate synthase.* It demonstrates significant potency against M. tuberculosis infection, both drug susceptible and multidrug resistant strains as well as many other mycobacteria.* It has potential... | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
15c1fb02-f369-459d-a554-d3311c018238 | A drug 'X' is more selective for the col subtype of BZD receptors. It has hypnotic action but absent or little antianxiety, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions. Which of the following can be 'X': | Zopiclone | Zolpidem | Flumazenil | Melatonin | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
a1dfd8fe-a1cc-41bf-9ca5-dbda9eb8a544 | This ECG is of a 23 year old medical student who complained of an irregular heabeat. Other than an irregular pulse, his hea was clinically normal. What does the ECG show? | Venticular Extra-systole | Complete hea block | Sinus Tachycardia | PSVT | 0a | multi | The ECG shows a hea rate of 100/min with normal axis. P wave and PR interval are in normal limits. Wide complex qRS is noted in lead II, III indicating Ventricular extra-systoles or premature ventricular contractions. ST segment and QT interval are within normal limits. In young and asymptomatic individuals extra-systo... | Medicine | ECG and Arrhythmias 1 |
0c3cb55f-4e9f-448f-8181-f926a45ade72 | Patient suffering from lesions over axilla, groin and trunk. Lesions show central clearing with surrounding papulovesicular margin progressively increasing at borders. Which will be the preferred investigation among the following? | Wood's lamp examination | 10% KOH mount | Skin biopsy | Patch testing | 1b | single | Ans. b. 10% KOH mountExplanation: Central clearing is associated with tinea corporis (dermatophytic fungal infection). So, answer will be KOH mount. | Skin | Fungal Infection |
9c3fab1b-52fc-4d1b-ac97-b30e5b6d6194 | Biondi Ring Tangles (BRTs) are found in - | Choroidal plexus cells | Golgi type II cells | Basket cells | Pia mater | 0a | single | BRT are intracellular inclusion bodies found in choroidal epithelial cells of choroid plexus. It consists of a lipid droplet surrounded by a ring shaped bundle of filaments. | Anatomy | null |
100431e6-c877-4599-bc7e-bf759314a684 | Mass movements are often stimulated after a meal by distention of the stomach (gastrocolic reflex) and distention of the duodenum (duodenocolic reflex). Mass movements often lead to which of the following? | Bowel movements | Gastric movements | Haustrations | Esophageal contractions | 0a | single | Mass movement is a modified type of peristalsis in the colon,propelling the fecal material in this segment en masse fuher down the colon and force feces into the rectum. When the walls of the rectum are stretched by the feces, the defecation reflex is initiated and a bowel movement follows when this is convenient. | Physiology | Gastrointestinal System |
68c957a7-c8a7-44ee-84be-6a9a31b7ebb7 | Hand-Foot-Mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by | CMV | EBV | HHV-7 | Enterovirus-71 | 3d | single | Ans. d (Enterovirus-71) (Ref. Ananthanarayan, Microbiology, 8th/p. 491).Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by a vesicular palmoplantar eruption and erosive stomatitis. It is caused by enterovirus-71 & coxsackie A5, 7, 9, 10, 16, ... | Microbiology | Virology |
3c751a4a-648e-4156-99ba-547c43a5dd8d | ORS new osmolarity is - | 270 | 245 | 290 | 310 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 245 o Because of the improved effectiveness of reduced osmolarity ORS solution, WHO and UNICEF are recommending that countries manufacture and use the following formulation in place of the previously recommended ORS solution.Composition of reduced osmolarity ORSReduced osmolarity ORSgrams/litreSodium ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
8d7e731f-2b70-4e6a-80ea-0d1ffa6de1c2 | Which of the following pigments are involved in free radical injury - | Lipofuscin | Melanin | B 1 irubin | Hematin | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. LipofuscinPigments are colored substances. Which may be : ?Endogenous pigmets --> Synthesized in the body itself.Exogenous pigments --> Coming from out side the body.Endogenous pigments LipofuscinIt is an insoluble pigment, also known as lipochrome and wear or tear or aging pigment.o Lipofuscin is not ... | Pathology | null |
6085043a-d765-4367-a5df-731291a974b7 | Millet seed like pattern is seen in | Milliary TB | Pulmonary hemosiderosis | Healed varicella pneumonia | All of the above | 3d | multi | - Miliary Tuberculosis- Due to Hematogenous spread of infection - At first, the chest radiograph may be normal, but then small, discrete nodules, 1-2 mm in diameter, become apparent, evenly distributed throughout both lungs. - other causes of Miliary shadows seen on Chest X-ray: Tuberculosis Histoplasmosis Sarcoidosis ... | Radiology | Respiratory Radiology |
b403b43a-700b-44ee-8c06-889de7bcd640 | Stool osmotic gap is calculated by using the formula: | 2 x (stool + stool ) | 2 x (stool + stool ) | 2 x (stool + stool ) | 2 x (stool + stool ) | 0a | single | Stool osmotic gap is calculated by using the formula : 2 x (stool + stool ) stool osmolality When it is >50, an osmotic gap is present, suggests diarrhea is due to a non absorbed dietary nutrient, e.g., a fatty acid and/or carbohydrate. When this difference is <25, a dietary nutrient is not responsible for the diarrhea... | Physiology | null |
b73d015e-de43-4a11-9e0b-74f1bd740981 | Sallick's manouvere is used for – | To prevent gastric aspiration | To facilitate Respiration | To reduce dead space | To prevent alveolar collapse | 0a | multi | Sellick's manoeuvre is the application of back-ward pressure on cricoid cartilage to prevent regurgitation of gastric contents and its leaking into respiratory tract. | Anaesthesia | null |
c078daa7-9cc8-45e7-a67b-7367dc9032bc | Bacitracin sensitivity is used to differentiate - | Group A streptococcus from staphylococcus | Group A streptococcus from other Beta hymolytic streptococci | Group A streptococcus from Gamma hemolytic streptococci. | Group A streptococcus from Alpha hemolytic streptocci | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Group A streptococcus from other Beta hymolytic streptococci o Lets discuss each option one by oneStaphylococci and streptococci are differentiated by catalase test.Bacitracin sensitivity is used to differentiate streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) from other beta hemolytic streptococci.Alp... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
d67dc20e-215c-4abb-be7e-02d94d9274d6 | Candle wax dripping sign is seen in | Sarcoidosis | SLE | HIV | Rheumatoid ahritis | 0a | single | Answer- A. SarcoidosisCondle wax chipping sign is a feature of occular Sarcoidosis. | Medicine | null |
67cc93ee-16f6-4bc9-9168-6aae263cb3f6 | Drug of choice for essential tremors | Sotalol | Propranolol | Methylphenidate | prazosin | 1b | single | Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed pg no:189 Nonselective beta blockers are used for essential tremors they occur due to contraction of skeletal muscles (beta 2 receptors) cardioselective beta blockers are not useful | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
2f528e06-5bf8-45ab-b870-8483557b96c1 | Commonest site of herpes Gestationis is? | Periumbilical region | Flanks of abdomen | Vulva | Infraorbital | 0a | single | A. i.e. Periumblical region Spontaneous remissions & recurrences are very common in herpes gestationis which typically presents with abrupt onset, intensily pruritic uicarial lesions mostly on abdomen, often periumblical during late pregnancyQ. | Skin | null |
6d914b14-77ee-4c63-9ebf-3c9e2bdec4eb | Galantamine is used in? | Alzheimer's disease | Parkinsons disease | Emesis | Chorea | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Alzheimer's diseaseRef: Goodman & Gillman llthed /. 132 | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
95cb173b-f8a6-40de-9c6e-28620bcd338c | Delusional belief that one is dead called | Erotomania | Cotard delusion | Delusion of self reproach | Delusion of persecution | 1b | multi | Cotard delusion delusion that he is dead. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 359 | Anatomy | Special topics |
598aa758-89ef-476a-ba00-0a47544e632f | Regarding Ganser's syndrome true is - | Repeated lying | Approximate answers | Unconscious episodes | Malingering | 1b | multi | null | Psychiatry | null |
3158508d-bfb4-4387-8142-ab4a62144bd5 | Earliest symptom of Wilm's tumour | Hematuria | Pyrexia | Abdominal mass | Metastases | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
2469097f-24a7-42a5-85b7-7a354f346b55 | An affected male infant born to normal parents could be an example of all of the following, except - | An Autosomal dominant disorder | An Autosomal recessive disorder | A polygenic disorder | A veically transmitted disorder | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Autosomal dominant disorder In Autosomal dominant disorders individuals are affected in successive generations. The disease does not occur in the offspring of unaffected individuals' ? Autosomal dominant o If both parents are normal, the disease cannot be autosomal dominant because it is manifested in... | Pediatrics | null |
6a839fe5-4d56-4cf7-81a5-2a5eb749b256 | Opening of the nasolacrimal duct is in | Inferior meatus | Superior meatus | Middle meatus | Sphenoethmoidal recess | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Inferior meatus Openings in the lateral wall of nasal cavity *Inferior meatus : Nasolacrimal duct*Middle meatus : Anterior ethmoidal sinus*Frontal sinus*Maxillary sinus*Superior meatus : Posterior ethmoidal sinuses*Sphenoethmoidal recess : Sphenoid sinus*Note: that the nasolacrimal duct opens into the ... | Anatomy | Nose |
6460f1a9-1885-452a-931b-944923817be3 | Management for CSF rhinorhoea is - | Plain x-ray and packing of nose | Nasal packing only | Antibiotics and observation | Immediate surgery | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Antibiotics and observation "Early cases of post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea are managed conservatively by placing the pt. in the semisitting position, avoiding blowing of nose, sneezing and straining. Prophylactic antibiotics are also administered to prevent meningitis." - Dhingrao Traumatic rhinorrhea... | Surgery | E.N.T. |
427a71f6-629c-409b-8a98-4b75c1b94b4d | Seen in trachoma | Papillary hyperophy | Pannus formation | Ropy discharge | All of the above | 3d | multi | In trachoma there is both follicular and papillary reaction papillary hyperophy follicles pannus formation Herbe pits ropy discharge all are seen in trachoma Khurana 6th edition page number 65 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
7ff43a08-a890-4ba2-8b59-56b4f40633d1 | Which of the following is more prone to produce mesothelioma? | Chrysolite | Crocidolite | Amosite | Anthophyllite | 1b | single | Ans: b (Crocidolite) Ref: Davidson, 20th ed, p. 72; 19th ed, p. 573Crocidolite is the most potent cause of mesotheliomaTypes of Asbestos:Serpentine (curly and flexible fibres) e.g., chrysoliteAmphibole (straight stiff and brittle) e.g., crocidolite.Amphiboles are more pathogenic than chrysoliteThe greater pathogenicity... | Medicine | Respiratory |
91261ca9-fa29-43e2-8b42-40b808166ef7 | All show iceberg phenomenon except ? | Influenza | Polio | Hepatitis | Chicken pox | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Chicken pox In some disease, a great deal of subclinical infection occurs ? i) Rubella iii) Polio v) Japanese encephalitis vii) Influenza ii) Mumps iv) Hepatitis A and B vi) Diphtheria In chickenpox -Inapparent infection is estimated to occur in no more than 5% of susceptible children". | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
69e598ea-15b2-4032-ade9-c1779daed7d8 | External cephalic version is contraindicated in all except: | Breech | Twins | Placenta pre | Previous | 0a | multi | Breech | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
bf88044d-7cd9-4feb-8655-f48236348b99 | Short acting anti-histamine is: | Cetirizine | Promethazine | Hydroxyzine | Acrivastine | 1b | single | Ans: B (Promethazine) Ref: Goodman & Gilman s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th ed, 2011, Pg 921-922.Explanation:Hydroxyzine, is a long acting first generation antihistamine used in the treatment of skin allergies. It acts for a duration of 6-24 hrs.Cetirizine a second generation antihistamine acts for 12... | Pharmacology | Anti Histaminics |
7a2a19d1-0ac7-4b9b-973e-bba97387208e | Sensory nerve supply to angle of jaw is through | Great auricular nerve | Buccal branches of facial nerve | Lesser petrosal nerve | Auriculotemporal nerve | 0a | single | The trigeminal nerve through its three branches is the chief sensory nerve of the face. The skin over the angle of the jaw and over the parotid gland is supplied by the great auricular nerve (C2,C3) | Anatomy | null |
d9081fc5-f32c-4bfe-8e94-9d8203b6739c | Treatment of rolandic epilepsy is: | Phenytoin | Lamotrigine | Carbamazepine | ACTH | 2c | single | Paial idiopathic epilepsy with rolandic spikes Also called benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes They are seizures while falling asleep or on awakening Focal sharp waves in centrotemporal location are seen on EEG. Carbamazepine is the most frequently used 1st line drug, but valproate, phenytoin, gabapentin and lev... | Pediatrics | Epilepsy |
b88b1f0f-630b-4b52-bdae-5fd5445eecd5 | Investigations in a clinically suspected case of tuberculosis | Mantoux (in children) | Sputum AFB | PCR | All | 3d | multi | The diagnostic procedures in a clinically suspected case of TB include AFB microscopy of sputum using Ziehl-Neelsen basic fuschsin stain;Mycobacterium culture using Lowenstein-Jensen or Middlebrook medium;nucleic acid amplifications using PCR,BACTEC;radiographic procedures like chest X ray with classic picture of upper... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
65fca6ad-5bd4-4df4-96e9-c372093cb35a | Urea,Creatine and Nitric oxide are synthesized from? | Alanine | Arginine | Aspaate | Glycine | 1b | single | AMINO ACID DERIVED PRODUCTS Phenyl alanine Tyrosine->Melanin,Dopa,Dopamine,Norepinephrine,Epinephrine Tryptophan Niacin,Seratonin->Melatonin Histidine Carnosine,Histamine,Anserine Glycine Heme Glutamate GABA,Glutathione Arginine Urea,creatine,Nitric oxide Serine Ethanolamine,choline Lysine cadaverine Reference: Harpers... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
cfb03798-a275-4cf3-8746-d7ec10a4a60d | For PPS scoring on cast best instrument is? | Wax spatula | BP Blade no.22 | Kingsley scraper | Hollenbeck carver | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
9bb90663-2c01-48ac-929f-23f0382cbf40 | Drug of choice in Laryngeal stenosis is - | Cyclophosphamide | Doxorubicin | Adriamycin | Mitomycin C | 3d | single | null | ENT | null |
dcc99eb8-717b-46b9-bd38-5642ecb68863 | In well fed state gluconeogenesis in liver is inhibited by | Protein breakdown in muscle | Alanine content in liver | ADP level | cGMP | 2c | single | C i.e. ADP level | Biochemistry | null |
b35fcef8-1d24-417f-af98-50a8742fb700 | Deficit in weight for height in a 3 years old child indicates – | Acute malnutrition | Chronic malnutrition | Concomittant acute and chronic | Under weight | 0a | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
90826940-94bc-4231-a047-a8116f461c83 | F factor integrates with bacterial chromosome to form - | HFr | F+r | F- | F | 0a | single | Factor: The F factor is the transfer factor that contains the genetic information necessary for the synthesis of sex pilus and for self-transfer but is devoid of other identifiable genetic markers such as drug resistance. Cells carrying the F factor have no distinguishing feature other than their ability to mate with F... | Microbiology | general microbiology |
9e94a4e7-5361-4911-9b92-5b75287cd2d5 | The most specific antibody for Rheumatoid ahritis is? | Antinuclear antibody (ANA) | Rheumatoid factor | Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody | Anti-double stranded DNA antibody | 2c | single | Anti-CCP is the most specific antibody for rheumatoid ahritis with specificity of 95%. 20% patients have elevated ANA and ESR. CRP levels are elevated propoional to disease activity. | Medicine | Rheumatoid Ahritis |
0b7b856a-0e36-453a-8809-d6fdeb304528 | Hand and foot syndrome is seen with: | 5- fluorouracil | Bleomycin | Etoposide | Doxorubicin | 0a | single | Ans. A. 5- fluorouracilHand and land foot syndrome is peculiar feature of 5- fluorouracil. Bleomycin is known to cause pulmonary fibrosis, Etoposide cause alopecia and GIT disturbances. Doxorubicin is highly cardiotoxic drug. | Pharmacology | Anti-Cancer |
b21ff787-700a-45d8-844c-706cec292e09 | During rape on a virgin, rupture of hymen occurs at the following degree: | 4 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 0a | single | Tearing of hymen in a virgin during rape usually occurs posteriorly at the sides, in the 4 or 8 O'clock position, or in the middle line of the hymen. More than two tears are unusual. Tears usually occur in the posterior midline of the hymen because the hymen lies suspended across a potential space, whereas anteriorly t... | Forensic Medicine | null |
3d5a04f4-af0a-459e-8e3c-fbb513e89508 | Which of the following statements about hematochromatosis is not true | Hypogonadism may be seen | Ahropathy may occur | Diabetes mellitus may develop | Desferrioxamine is treatment of choice | 3d | multi | Ans. is'd' i.e., Desferrioxamine is treatment of choice | Medicine | null |
b50ab1a2-979a-4491-b469-6655273c9845 | Lifespan of fetal RBC is- | Same as adult RBC | 1/4 of adult RBC | 1/2 of adult RBC | 2/3 of adult RBC | 3d | single | Ans. (d) 2/3 of adult RBCRef: Ganong, 25th ed/p.555Life span of fetal RBCs is 60 to 90 days. It is about 2/3rd of adult RBCs life span | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
fa78bcc1-e503-467b-b0bc-8a045552918b | Reed Sternberg cells are: | B cells | T cells | Natural killer cells | All of above | 0a | multi | Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells are the malignant cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma which is a malignancy of germinal center mature B lymphocytes. These are large cells with abundant cytoplasm with bilobed and/or multiple nuclei These comprise less than 1% of the cellular infiltrate in the lymphoma tissue. | Medicine | Lymphoma and Plasma cell disorder |
41105da5-08e9-42eb-a0e2-5eb5403af100 | A painless, fluid filled retention cyst appearing in the area of recent dental treatment may be the result of | Failure of absorption of the anaesthetic | Allergic reaction of agents employed | Infection occurred during treatment. | Injury to salivary gland. | 3d | multi | null | Surgery | null |
6f70dccb-915e-477f-a6b1-9b8d167f9299 | Danger space of pharynx is bounded by | Buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly and alar fascia posteriorly | Preveebral fascia anteriorly and veebral body posteriorly | Alar fascia anteriorly and preveebral fascia posteriorly | Tonsils anteriorly and superior constrictor muscle posteriorly | 2c | single | Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:-268 | ENT | Pharynx |
1aea6d22-1c5f-4b90-bfaf-5a13d943e025 | What is the name of the procedure shown here, used to resolve head entrapment? | Symphysiotomy | Pinard maneuver | Duhrssen's incisions | Zavanelli maneuver | 2c | single | Ans. C. Duhrssen's incisionsIncising the cervix - Duhrssen's incisionsa. If the head fails to deliver despite additional manoeuvres, then consideration should be made for performing cervical incisions. These are known as Duhrssen's incisions.b. Cervical incisions should be made a 2 'o clock and 10 'o clock to avoid lat... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Operative Obs |
e0f820ad-74fd-482b-876f-796e37e13594 | Corneal transparency is maintained by: | Bowman's membrane | Endothelium | Keratocytes | Descemet's membrane | 1b | single | The primary mechanism controlling stromal hydration is a function of the corneal endothelium which actively pumps out theelectrolytes and water flows out passively. Endothelium consists of a single layer of flat polygonal (mainly hexagonal) epithelial cells (misnamed as endothelium) which on slit-lamp biomicroscopy app... | Ophthalmology | Cornea |
d7e21b00-43a7-47ae-a1de-e16d55fd42bb | A peripheral smear with increased neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is highly suggestive of - | Actute myeloid leukemia | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Chronic myelogenous leukemia | Myelodysplastic syndrome | 2c | single | Chronic myelogenous (or myeloid or myelocytic) leukemia (CML), also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in ... | Pathology | General pathology |
42f22d4e-b49e-4e3f-9163-e77c27dc2437 | "White centered retinal haemmorrhage" is seen in | SABE | Leukaemia | Diabetes mellitus | All of the above | 3d | multi | (D) All of the above # White centered superficial retinal hemorrhages (Roth's Spots) or Haemorrhagic cotton-wool spot:> First described by Roth's in 1872, thought to be pathognomonic for subacute bacterial endocarditis.> Etiology as per Roth Suggestion: Focal abscess from bacterial emboli lead to erosion of the capilla... | Ophthalmology | Miscellaneous |
2bc4011f-ac08-44a7-afe8-725720253703 | Sodium 2-mercapto ethane sulfonate (mesna) is used as a protective agent in - | Radiotherapy | Cancer chemotherapy | Lithotripsy | Hepatic encephalopathy | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cancer chemotherapy o Mesna is used to block the cystitis caused by Cyclophosphamide and Ifophosphamide. o Note -- Acetylcysteine can also be used for this purpose. Folinic acid AllopurinolLithium carbonate Ondensetron Other drugs used for toxicity amelioration in cancer therapy For preventing methotr... | Pharmacology | null |
7c1941cd-9a3a-471c-b718-3571d119bb12 | Tinel's sign is: | Loss of sensation | Loss of 2 point discrimination | Percussion produces tingling sensation | Not associated with carpel tunnel syndrome | 2c | single | Procedure
Patient is seated, elbow in flexion.
Evaluator grasps wrist and taps the ulnar notch with reflex hammer.
Positive Test
Athlete complains of tingling sensation along forearm hand and fingers.
Indicates ulnar nerve compromise. | Medicine | null |
b8878531-8828-4cb9-9402-ef37dcdc5b1f | Most common complication of intra capsular fracture neck of female | Non - union | Malunion | Myositis ossificans | Valkmann's Ischemic contracture | 1b | single | null | Orthopaedics | null |
ce09bd6b-2c9d-43eb-8c84-ad398fbf7ce0 | All of the following statements about parvovirus B - 9 are true except: | DNA virus | Crosses placenta in only < 10% of cases | Can cause severe anemia | Can cause aplastic crisis | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Crosses placenta in only < 10% of cases (Ref: Jawetz, 24th/e, p. 414, 417)* Maternal infection with B19 virus may pose a serious risk to the fetus, resulting in hydrops fetalis and fetal death due to severe anemia. Fetal loss occurs in fewer than 10% of primary maternal infections and death occurs mos... | Microbiology | Virology |
9967743b-ac85-4853-b779-5f387ec6f692 | Neovascular glaucoma is caused by: | CRVO | CRAO | Diabetes mellitus | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D: All of the above Although NVG primarily effects the front pa of the eye (anterior chamber), its cause usually is associated with a lack of oxygen to the retina in the posterior region (vitreous chamber). The technical term for this lack of oxygen is retinal hypoxia. Conditions leading to retinal hypoxia include... | Ophthalmology | null |
e98dbf77-b1c9-4edd-93e1-de30621077af | Quarantine is required for | Yellow fever | Cholera | All | Plague | 2c | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
eb83c582-bffd-435a-a77d-3248c3d7a23d | The repolarization phase of an action potential is due to | Increasing sodium permability and increasing potassium permeability | Increasing sodium permeability and decreasing potassium permeability | Decreasing sodium permeability and an immediate increasing potassium permeability | Decreasing sodium permeability and a delayed increase potassium permeability | 3d | single | There is a decrease in sodium permeability (inactivation of the sodium channels) and a delayed increased in potassium permeability during the repolarization phase of the action potential. The pump plays no direct role in the action potential. | Physiology | General physiology |
d9599b22-617c-409b-9647-a7aaaccbef4a | Duret hemorrhages are found in: PGI 08,10,11; Kerala 11 | Brain | Hea | Kidney | Liver | 0a | single | Ans. Brain | Forensic Medicine | null |
caee5877-d4c8-4983-b6d1-ff5e486c1da5 | Investigstions in a clinically suspected case of | Mantoux test (in children) | Sputum AFB | QuantiFERON TB Gold | Bactec | 0a | multi | standard dose of 5 tuberculin units (TU - 0.1 ml), according to the CDC, or 2 TU of Statens Serum Institute (SSI) tuberculin 23 in 0.1 ml solution, according to the NHS, is injected intradermally (between the layers of dermis) and read 48 to 72 hours later. This intradermal injection is termed the Mantoux technique. A ... | Medicine | Infection |
daa322e4-626e-41c5-9cd6-efded024984a | Renal TB mode of infection | Direct from bowel | Ascending | Hematogenous | Lymphatic | 2c | single | Answer- C. HematogenousGenitourinary tuberculosis is always secondary to pulmonary infection, though in many cases, the primary focus has healed or is quiescent.Infection occurs the hematogenous route | Surgery | null |
8ae4c995-4dc9-443e-abbc-982d52274c55 | Gut tube develops from which germ layer? | Endoderm | Mesoderm | Ectoderm | Allantois | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Endoderm * The gut is endodermal in origin and is derived from yolk sac. | Anatomy | Embryology |
1b9973bd-32fa-4033-83c7-d02322e837ec | Adverse effects of insulin include all of the following except: | Edema | weight loss | Lipodystrophy | hypoglycemia | 1b | multi | Hypoglycemia is the most frequent and potentially the most serious relationship of insulin therapy. Some patients develop sho lived dependent edema. Lipodystrophy occur at the site of injection after a long time. weight gain can occur due to insulin not weight loss (REF.Essential of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 6 ... | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
fbccc85b-bd2b-4677-ba8d-5166f0731df6 | A 29 year old man with ruptured appendix is sent to the emergency depament for surgery. To cut off the blood supply to the appendix (if collateral circulation is discounted), a surgeon should ligate which of the following aeries? | Middle colic aery | Right colic aery | Ileocolic aery | Left colic aery | 2c | single | * Appendix is supplied by appendicular aery which is branch of ileocolic aery * Middle colic and right colic supply ascending colon and transverse colon 2/3 * Left colic supplies transverse colon 1/3 and descending colon and sigmoid colon. | Anatomy | Stomach and aerial supply of abdomen |
eb03093e-bb55-4a21-85d7-f209bec04ebe | A patient presents with diplopia. O/E adduction deficit is seen in one eye and abducting saccades in the other eye. Convergence is preserved. What is the likely diagnosis? | Paial third nerve palsy | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia | Duane's retraction syndrome | Absence of medial rectus muscle | 1b | single | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO): defect of horizontal gaze, caused due to lesion in medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). MLF connects 6th nerve nucleus to 3rd nerve nucleus of the opposite side. Thus, in INO, during lateral gaze these features are seen:* The adducting eye fails to move because 3rd nerve nucleus doe... | Ophthalmology | Neuro Ophthalmology |
a54269c6-2645-4ef6-8ec1-58ff30939641 | The site of lesion in Korsakoff's psychosis is | Frontal lobe | Corpus striatum | Mammilary Body | Cingulate gyrus | 2c | single | C i.e. Mammilary body | Psychiatry | null |
438e12b8-3475-42c0-a88e-0e8d689c298b | Prehn sign is positive in - | Acute epidydimoorchitis | Chronic orchitis | Testicular torsion | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acute epidydimoorchitis Prehn's sign on elevation of testis the:* pain is not relieved in torsion (test is negative)* pain relieved in epidydimoorchitis (test is positive) | Surgery | Testis & Scrotum |
8d41170a-72f5-47ce-9234-22dc6a954c94 | If carbamazepine is added to valproate, which side effect of valproate can increase? | Thrombocytopenia | Hepatotoxicity | Hyperammonemia | Pancreatitis | 1b | single | Valproate is metabolized by cytochrome P450 and produce a metabolite which is hepatotoxic Carbamazepine is enzyme inducer which cause the induction of its metabolism and produce more metabolite, thus causing hepatotoxicity | Pharmacology | Epilepsy |
f4c4d085-d8da-4306-a21d-9c2e19cab1f9 | A 20 yrs aged patient, presents in coma with pin point pupils and fasciculations but no fever. Most probable diagnosis is - | Head injury | Dhatura | Pontine haemorrhage | Organophosphorous poisoning | 3d | single | null | Forensic Medicine | null |
e531c8c4-7c57-4926-aa0d-dc593b9fb968 | Among the following, which one is not a major contributor to acid rains – | Carbon dioxide | Carbon monoxide | Nitric oxide | Sulphur dioxide | 1b | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
d70a2874-555d-43df-9b3c-a4a9a9fcc89d | Anaesthetic agent used in ECT is: | Ketamine | Thiopentone | Propofol | Methohexital | 3d | single | Methohexital is most commonly used as an anesthetic agent because of its shoer duration of action and lower association with postictal arrhythmias. | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
f617186c-3ebd-46e7-b892-51fc1f93ebd9 | Pituitary tumor most responsive to medical therapy is- | Growth hormone secreting tumor | ACTH secreting tumor | Prolactinoma | Thyrotropin secreting tumors | 2c | single | For prolactinoma dopamine agonist are the treatment of choice Ref - ( Harrison 17 pg 2204) | Medicine | Endocrinology |
68d4bf87-68f7-4908-bb40-6944643337b3 | Which end product of the citric acid cycle is used in detoxification of ammonia in the brain | Oxaloacetate | α-ketoglutarate | Succinate | Citrate | 1b | single | First read the reaction by which ammonia is detoxified in the brain. | Biochemistry | null |
c58e963b-7350-4ed3-bca9-817e9b24834f | All the following are true regarding Crohn's disease except? | Fistula formation is seen | Recurrence common after surgery | Inflammation limited to mucosa | Skip lesions | 2c | multi | In Crohn's disease, the inflammation can be in multiple patches or one large patch,and may involve any area through out the entire digestive tract, often affecting the last pa of the small intestine (terminal ileum). | Medicine | Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
b82dcf81-c84b-4f76-b4bb-812f130a70e5 | Leptospirosis is transmitted by - | Rat | Cat | Dog | Fish | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Rat Transmission of leptospireso Leptospirosis has been associated writh three lR's.1. Rats-# Rodents, especially rats, are the most important reservoir.2. Rice fields-# Farm workers represent the group at highest risk - Green wrood 1 b'Ve 356 # Certain occupational groups such as agricultural workers... | Microbiology | Spirochetes |
65af4105-87fc-4b6d-ab3c-736f30fccca5 | True about non-competitive inhibition is | Km remains same, Vmax decreases | Km increases, Vmax remains same | Km decreases, Vmax increases | Km increases, Vmax increases | 0a | multi | Km V max Competitive | - Non-Competitive - | UN Competitive | | | Pharmacology | NEET Jan 2020 |
2aa0ed8b-1c8a-47e9-b93a-3ba3c8c91f69 | The police brought a person from railway platform. He was talking irrelevant, had dry mouth with hot dry skin, dilated pupils, staggering gait and slurred speech. Most probable diagnosis is: WB 07 | Alcoholic intoxication | Dhatura poisoning | OPC poisoning | Aconite poisoning | 1b | single | Ans. Dhatura poisoning | Forensic Medicine | null |
f3d9885a-35ed-44b5-beb7-c54a1af23c02 | Peripheral pulmonic stenosis is associated with -a) Subaortic stenosis b) Takayasu's arteritisc) William syndromed) Coarctation of syndromee) Rubella | ce | b | ac | ae | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
5fc7cb81-8553-401b-bbf2-c57b2686c0c9 | The normal cellular counterpas of oncogenes are impoant for the following functions, except ? | Promotion of cell cycle progression | Inhibition of apoptosis | Promotion of DNA repair | Promotion of nuclear transcription | 2c | multi | o Normal cellular counterpa of oncogene is protooncogene.o The functions of protooncogene is to code forGrowth factorsGrowth factor receptorsProteins involved in signal transductionNeuclear regulatory proteins (transcription factors)Cyclins/CDKso All these lead to cell proliferation and progression of cell cycle.o When... | Biochemistry | null |
c313913d-71e5-4886-872b-a6bdaf1c23a9 | An infant, seen in the Emergency room, presents with the fever and persistent cough. Physical examination and a chest X-ray suggest pneumonia. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this infection? | Rotavirus | Adenovirus | Coxsackievirus | Respiratory syncytial virus | 3d | single | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most impoant cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. The infection is localized to the respiratory tract. The virus can be detected rapidly by immunofluorescence on smears of respiratory epithelium. In older children, the infection resembles the common cold. Aerosolized... | Microbiology | Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses) |
4d7d223c-aa01-4d92-a809-081396621ac5 | Obscuration of left hea border is suggestive of | Pneumothorax | Pleural effusion | Right upper lobe collapse | Lingular pathology | 3d | single | Silhouette sign : Obscuration of a mediastinal border occurs by a pathology which is in close anatomical contact with it Obscuration of Rt Hea Border Rt Middle Lobe Pathology Obscuration of Left Hea Border Lingular Pathology Obscuration Of Aoic Knuckle Left Apicoposterior pathology Obscuration of Hemidiaphgrams Lower l... | Radiology | Respiratory Radiology |
7b75b8cf-777f-46f3-a972-2729db048889 | What is the most common position of appendix? | Pelvic | Paracolic | Retrocaecal | Retroperitoneal | 2c | single | Retrocecal is the most common position of the appendix. Positions of appendix: Retrocecal: 74% Subcecal: 1.5% Pelvic: 21% ref : BD chaurasia 21st ed. Post-ileal: 0.5% Pre-ileal/retro-ileal: 1% | Anatomy | All India exam |
1e65ccaf-6b23-46ab-a7da-e4390bb60288 | Obstruction in pulmonary stenosis may occur at the following sites ___________ | Supravalvular | Valvular | Subvalvular | All of the above | 3d | multi | In PS obstruction can be supravalvular,valvular, subvalvular. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics eighth edition, p.no:433 | Pediatrics | C.V.S |
43ec7eff-e676-4d99-a153-c7a0524aeb33 | True about shunt vessels: | >Evenly distributed throughout the skin | >Role in nutrition | >Play a role in thermoregulation | >No autonomic nervous regulation | 2c | multi | Play a role in thermoregulation Cutaneous shunt vessels have a role in thermoregulation The cutaneous microcirculation can be divided into thermoregulatory shunt vessels and nutritive skin capillaries. These shunt vessels have impoant role in thermoregulation. Nutritive function is performed by skin capillaries and not... | Physiology | null |
84a46a51-a4e7-4e14-8f6d-9fc889e4963c | Which is the earliest symptom of benign hypertrophy of prostate - | Frequency | Haematuria | Incontinence | Strangury | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
b846a213-1838-4447-bd37-66f1d024bee7 | Radiation dose in mammography | 0.1 Gray/study | 0.01cGray/study | 0.1 cGray/study | 0.01 Gray/study | 2c | single | Mammography Soft tissue radiographs are taken by placing the breast in direct contact with ultrasensitive film and exposing it to low-voltage, high-amperage x-rays. The dose of radiation is approximately 0.1 cGy and, therefore, mammography is a very safe investigation. The sensitivity of this investigation increases wi... | Anatomy | Endocrinology and breast |
d108ed5b-e8ec-4d27-89cd-3778656b83b5 | Most common cause of gas gangrene ? | Cl welchii | Cl septicum | Cl novyi | Cl histolyticum | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CI welchii Most common cause of gas gangrene is Cl perfringens (Cl welchii) causing 80% of cases of gas gangrene. Other causes are Cl septicum, Cl novyi and Cl histolyticum. | Microbiology | null |
15c9519c-fe4b-4c57-9175-42d92eee14a8 | A case of murder with gunshot is repoed. A metal bullet is recovered from the body. Primary and Secondary markings on a metal bullet can be used for | Identification of weapon | To know the range of firing | Severity of tissue damage | To known tome of crime | 0a | single | A i.e. Identification of weapon - Primary markings (class characteristics) and secondary markings (metallic fouling, individual or accidental characteristics) on a bullet can be used for identification of weaponQ. - Bullet is picked up with handsQ. Gunshot residue on hands can be detected by Dermal nitrate testQ. | Forensic Medicine | null |
90beac9d-85bc-41b8-9fd9-2c617b9eac31 | A patient with leprosy had slightly erythematous, anesthetic plaques on the trunk and upper limbs. He was treated with paucibacillary multidrug therapy (PB-MDT) for 6 months. At the end of 6 months, he had persistent erythema and induration in the plaque. The next step of action recommended by the World Health Organiza... | Stop antileprosy treatment | Continue PB-MDT till erythema subsides | Biopsy the lesion to document acitivity | Continue dapsoen alone for another 6 months | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Stop antileprosy treatment o WHO recommends that "In paucibacillary leprosy, the multidrug therapy is stopped after 6 months of treatment regardless of the presence of clinically active disease". o According to Indian leprologists "The t/t with both Rifampicin and dapsone must be continued till all si... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8493a148-fa84-41a8-8535-aac54e183962 | Malpighian layer is referred to | Stratum Spinosum | Stratum granulosum | Stratum corneum | Combination of all the above 3 layers | 0a | multi | null | Anatomy | null |
73fa70c9-952a-4586-af02-62828b09514b | The most common complication of hypermature sclerotic cataract is: | Dislocation of the lens | Phakomorphic glaucoma | Uveitis | Neovascularization of retina | 0a | single | A i.e. Dislocation of lens | Ophthalmology | null |
dd2592f8-c912-4153-9b94-a7c2bb5ed739 | Use of floss in healthy mouth is recommended: | Not recommended | Once daily | Each time after meals | Twice daily | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
f0b60d73-f4e4-46e9-a366-047c96292236 | Opsoclonus is associated with - | Neuroblastoma | Nephroblastoma | Retinoblastoma | Hypernephroma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Neuroblastoma o Opsolonus is seen primarily in Neuroblastoma.o Neuroblastoma is embryonal cancer of peripheral sympathetic nervous system,o Thirst most common childhood cancer (lst - leukemia, 2nd - Brain tumor),o MC diagnosed neoplasm in infancy.o Arises in abdomen either in adrenal gland or retroper... | Pediatrics | Blood |
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