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201f452f-6837-420c-b795-b34676bd8461 | Timolol can produce which of the following effect in an asthmatic patient? | Bronchodilation | Bronchospasm | Decreased bronchial secretions | Increased bronchial secretions | 1b | single | Timolol is a non-selective Beta blocker (1st generation) It is used for treatement of primary open angle glaucoma. It can cause bronchoconstriction (by blocking beta 2 receptors) paicularly in asthmatics. | Pharmacology | Sympathetic System |
95dc7211-1aa5-4b0d-a85f-84d1acbc12a5 | Which of the following is ideal as overdenture abutments in maxillary arch? | Central incisors | Lateral incisors | Canines | Second premolars | 0a | single | Central incisors have the ideal location that provides the protection of the premaxilla. | Dental | null |
9e7486e0-51bb-4d97-86c2-1c0740d52e51 | Which one of the following is not used to treat leishmaniasis ? | Pentamidine | Miltefosine | Dapsone | Cyclosporine | 3d | single | Pentamidine inhibits growth of protozoa by interacting with trypanosomal kinetoplast DNA and interferes with polyamine synthesis by a decrease in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. Miltefosine has antiproliferative activity against leishmaniasis as well as against other trypanosome parasites.Mechanism is likely d... | Pharmacology | null |
309cb7a3-7750-4980-a95b-632615b8b01b | 2 years old child can do - | Can ride tricycles | Climb up and downstairs with one step each time | Knows sex and age | Handles spoon well | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Climb up and downstairs with one each step time o A child can ride a tricycle by 3 years. o A child can walk up and downstairs with one step at a time by 2 years. o A child knows his sex and age by 3 years. o A child can feed himself with spoon without spilling its contents by 15 months. o A child can... | Pediatrics | null |
0ba94cca-e174-4a2a-82b1-7a08d3e067de | Prognosis of lymphoma depends on all of the following except: March 2011 | Number of lymph node sites | Tumour size | Tumour stage | Associated symptoms | 3d | multi | Ans. D: Associated symptoms | Medicine | null |
d9e62e26-8c12-416d-b2f9-4d991774a03c | Contraction of uterine pain is carried by | L 1,2,3 | T 12, L 1,2,3 | T 10,11,12 L 1 | L 3,4,5 S 1,2 | 2c | single | In the early stages of labour pains are mainly uterine in origin because of painful uterine contractions It is distributed along the cutaneous nerve distribution of T10 - L 1. In the later stages pain is due to cervical dilatation This pain is referred to back through sacral plexus. Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 112. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
c57847e5-99a3-4acb-9335-92a468d5fc75 | Ribonuclease-P is | Ligase | Lyase | Ribozyme | Hydrolase | 2c | single | Ribonuclease P (EC 3.1.26.5, RNase P) is a type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA. RNase P is unique from other RNases in that it is a ribozyme - a ribonucleic acid that acts as a catalyst in the same way that a protein-based enzyme would. Its function is to cleave off an extra, or precursor, sequence of RNA on tRNA mo... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
a4937438-b2ae-4ed0-bf60-e91addd57c36 | Total lung capacity depends upon | Size of airway | Closing volume | Residual volume | Lung compliance | 3d | single | TLC = (IRV + TV + ERV + RV) When a person inspires maximally, the lungs are at TLC. This total volume of inspired air (3000 + 500) would depend on the distensibility of the lungs. Greater the compliance, more is the distensibility and greater the amount that can be inspired. Conversely, if the compliance is reduced (as... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 |
19facc33-a371-401f-afe3-779913b05261 | The commonest variation in the arteries arising from the arch of aorta is - | Absence of brachiocephalic trunk | Left vertebral artery arising from the arch | Left common carotid artery arising from brachiocephalic trunk | Presence of retroesophageal subclavian artery | 2c | single | null | Anatomy | null |
bdd6d99f-f5c6-434e-947b-38640e27a6ff | Which of the following type of odontoid fracture is considered unstable? | II | III | Both of the above | None of the above | 2c | multi | Odontoid fractures usually result from flexion forces. Odontoid fractures are classified as type I, II, or III. Type I fracture involves the tip only. Type II fracture passes through the base of the odontoid process. Type III fracture passes through the body of C2. Types II and III are considered unstable and should be... | Surgery | null |
a82ba945-660f-4ec6-9138-a4dd3f30f3bf | Acidosis is commonly seen in severely uncontrolled diabetes mellitus due to excessive production of | Acetoacetic acid | Carbonic acid | Beta hydroxybutyric acid | Both 1 and 3 | 3d | multi | null | Biochemistry | null |
33e7f938-6a96-40af-91c7-021dd8f93d53 | Glasgow coma scale in death is: | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3d | single | (D) 3 > Note that a motor response in any limb is acceptable.> The scale is composed of three tests: eye, verbal and motor responses.> The three values separately as well as their sum are considered.> The lowest possible GCS (the sum) is 3 (deep coma or death), while the highest is 15 (fully awake person).GLASGOW COMA ... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
ac305a7e-5696-40df-bd89-2c68a22cc8de | Which one of these is NOT associated with decrease in Residual Volume? | Emphysema | Bacterial pneumonia | Interstitial lung disease | Lung abscess | 0a | single | (A) Emphysema# RESIDUAL VOLUME is the amount of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal exhalation.> Residual Volume is important because it prevents the lungs from collapsing.> Even after we have expelled as much air as possible (expiratory reserve volume) gaseous exchange is still occurring by residual vol... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
43c32556-ffe0-4a69-926b-82f6c2cb02e7 | Blood born spread is a feature of? | Carcinoma | Sarcoma | Dysplasia | Metaplasia | 1b | single | Sarcoma REF: Robbins 7 ed page 270 "Hematogenous spread is typical of sarcomas and Lymphatic spread is typical of carcinomas" However the above is not a rule and there are sarcomas that spread through lymphatics. The sarcomas that spread through lymplatics are: Mnemonic: SAME CoLouR (CLR) S- Synol cell sarcoma A- Angio... | Surgery | null |
11860869-14c1-4be3-9c45-75e9dc926fb2 | Treatment of mucinous carcinoma of Gallbladder confined to the lamina propria | Simple cholecystectomy | Extended cholecystectomy | Cholecystectomy with wedge resection of liver | Chemotherapy only | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) Simple CholecystectomyRef: Sabiston 20th edition Page 1512-1514* T1 a is confined to lamina propria- Just simple cholecystectomy is enough. | Surgery | Gall Bladder & Bile Ducts |
6cd3e296-cf0c-4055-822a-f4948a420aa2 | Ipratropium bromide used in bronchial asthma is: | Beta Sympothomimetics | Methylxanthines | Anticholinergic | Mast cell stabilizers | 2c | single | CLASSIFICATION of asthma drugs1.Bronchodilators - a)Sympathomimetics: Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Ephedrine. b)Methylxanthines: Theophylline (anhydrous), Aminophylline, Choline theophylline, Hydroxyethyl theophylline, Theophylline ethanolate of piperazine, Doxophylline. c)Anticholinergi... | Pharmacology | Respiratory system |
510cfc37-09f2-45a7-880c-93100b6546f7 | A Down syndrome child is mentally retarded. All cytogenetic abnormalities may occur except? | Deleted chromosome 21 | Trisomy 21 | Robertsonian translocation | Mosaic | 0a | multi | a. Deleted chromosome 21(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 610-615, Ghai 8/e p 637-639)An extra copy of chr 21 is required to cause trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), so deletion of chr 21 will not cause it. | Pediatrics | Genetics And Genetic Disorders |
f1567edc-4e71-4c28-9c4c-5b6a8c306a82 | Feature of NF 1 are- | Axillary freckle | Optic glioma | Family history | All | 3d | multi | *Common autosomal dominant disease caused by loss of function mutation in NF1 gene located at 17q11.2. multiple neurofibromas in combination with 6 or more CALM measuring >1.5cm,axillary freckling and multiple Lisch nodules are seen in NF1. It is associated with variety of tumours malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumo... | Medicine | C.N.S |
c1d3b97a-3170-4215-b67a-53ab698dd560 | During extraction of a maxillary molar a root tip is left in the maxillary sinus. The treatment of choice is: | Perform Caldwell-Luc to remove the tip | Perform hemi maxillectomy | Enlarge opening in the socket area | No treatment indicated | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
ce46f53e-2a96-42b1-86f7-3b404f0c4170 | Which of the following anesthetic agent is not painful on intravenous administration? | Ketamine | Propofol | Etomidate | Methohexital | 0a | single | Ketamine: Sho acting, non barbiturate anaesthetic induces a dissociated state in which the patient is unconcious and does not feel pain. This dissociative anaesthesia provide sedation, amnesia and immobility. Not painful on IV administration Propofol: potent anaesthetic but a weak analgesic . Maximum pain on injection.... | Pharmacology | NEET 2019 |
ba22f848-0e6e-4f7e-ad47-e5c230cef4e3 | Yuzpe and lance regimen should be administered within maximum ------- | 3 hours | 12 hours | 24 hours | 72 hours | 3d | single | Yuzpe and Lance Method : Combined Oral pills are generally accepted as the preparation of choice for post coital (emergency) contraception, as it is less likely to cause adverse side effects. Regimens. Current recommendation (pills with 30mcg oestrogen) : 4 pills immediately followed by 4 pills 12 hours later. Standard... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning |
a4b858e2-f627-4375-8b1f-c1b1464bf409 | A 49-year-old man suffering from carcinoma of the prostate was x -rayed. He showed areas of sclerosis and collapse of T10 and T11 vertebrae in x-ray. The spread of this cancer to the above vertebrae was through - | Sacral canal | Lymphatic vessels | Internal vertebral plexus of veins | Superior rectal vein | 2c | multi | Prostatic cancer spreads to the bones through blood vessels; first into Batson's periprostatic venous plexus and then into the internal vertebral plexus of veins.
This metastasis is possible because of valveless communication between the periprostatic and vertebral plexus of veins. | Surgery | null |
4b0796d9-b6a6-4514-b812-ff17318370ea | a1 -antitrypsin deficiency chromosome is located at: | 10 | 14 | 17 | 11 | 1b | single | B i.e. 14Robbins Pathology, 9th edition, page 850Explanation:Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency:a1-Antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of protein folding marked by very low levels ofcirculating a1-Antitrypsin (a1AT).a1AT deficiency leads to the development of pulmonary emphysema, because the activity ... | Pathology | Genetics |
68b3c2e8-cf7e-4235-ba04-c8f2378907f4 | The μ opioid receptor is responsible for the following effects: | Miosis | Bradycardia | Hypothermia | Bronchodilation | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
86843abb-e805-4f8a-a176-ca16dc3fb8e7 | Name the instrument shown here: | Sigmoidoscope | Colonoscope | Proctoscope | Rhinoscope | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Proctoscope* The scope used to examine anus and distal rectum is proctoscope.* We cannot examine proximal rectum with this - hence it is a misnomer to name it as proctoscope. | Surgery | Rectum |
7af7cc63-5de7-428e-8678-44e413b842ed | Chikungunya is transmitted by - | Aedes | Culex | Mansonia | Anopheles | 0a | single | Vector Diseases transmitted Culex Bancroftian filariasis JE West Nile Fever Anopheles Malaria Filaria (outside India) Aedes Yellow fever Dengue Chikungunya Rift Valley Fever Mansonia Brugian filariasis and Chikungunya REF: PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, 25TH EDITION, PG NO. 832 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
7c1a0fd9-39b3-4fc7-963b-032a4c12b3bf | A term baby girl has two episodes of bile-stained emesis at 24 hours after bih. There is a history of excessive amniotic fluid volume. The most appropriate diagnostic test is? NOT RELATED - MEDICINE | Blood culture | Barium swallow and Gastrointestinal X rays | CT scan of head | Neurosonogram | 1b | multi | . | Pharmacology | All India exam |
ea05b0b8-8e88-40d3-858a-811e3c85cfb9 | According to WHO clinical staging of HIV in children oral hairy leukoplakia belongs to which clinical stages? | Clinical stage 1 | Clinical stage 2 | Clinical stage 3 | Clinical stage 4 | 2c | single | Oral hairy leukoplakia belongs to Clinical stage 3. | Pediatrics | null |
e71a33df-1954-417d-a77a-22035b102248 | Commonest cause of hea failure in infancy is - | Myocarditis | Rheumatic fever | Cardiomyopathy | Congenital hea disease | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Congenital hea disease Congestive hea failure o Congestive hea failure is state in which the hea cannot produce the cardiac out required to sustain the metabolic needs of the body, without evoking ceain compensatory mechanism. o The most common cause of CHF in infants --> Congenital hea disease. o The... | Pediatrics | null |
dcd55e20-6887-494f-ab9a-11a399716a14 | Which of these is not a marker of active replicative phase of chronic hepatitis B? | HBV DNA | HBV DNA polymerase | Anti-HBC | AST and ALT | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Anti-HBC Anti-HBC has no relation with viral replication HBV DNA, HBV DNA polymerase represent active viral replication Level of HBV DNA correlates well with the degree of liver injury as suggested by raised AST, ALT It is not compulsory in chronic active hepatitis that HBeAg is positive. Infact HBeAg negative... | Microbiology | null |
a1caf740-3a36-47ae-b768-f683d98ab19c | Trochlear and abducent nerve pass through | Optic canal | Superior orbital fissure | Inferior orbital fissure | Infraorbital foramen | 1b | single | Optic nerve runs backwards and medially, and passes through the optic canal to enter the middle cranial fossaInferior orbital fissure transmits maxillary nerve, the zygomatic nerve etc.Infraorbital foramen transmits the infraorbital nerve and vessels | Anatomy | null |
41152272-860b-45d3-a9e0-21aa896e6093 | A female of 40 years presenting with intolerance to cold, constipation and hoarseness of voice was found to have cardiomegaly on chest roentgenogram. Which of the following investigations is the best to determine the cause of her careliomegaly? | Coronary angiography | Left ventricular angiography | Right ventricular angiography | Echocardiography | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
54f3e13e-2a70-43e5-b282-a2983e8d6329 | Upper limb counterpa of dorsal spinocerebellar tract is: | Tecto-cerebellar tract | Vestibulo-cerebellar tract | Cuneo-cerebellar tract | Ventral spinocerebellar tract | 2c | single | Dorsal spinocerebellar tract carries - touch, pressure & unconscious proprioception from the lower body. Cuneo- cerebellar tract is considered as the upper limb equivalent of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract Ventral spinocerebellar tract - composite pathway carrying proprioception. Vestibulo cerebellar tract - carries ... | Anatomy | Spinal cord, its lesions and ANS |
501da08f-d6aa-4948-9742-c56f910b7b6b | Which among the following is not an autoimmune disease? | Myasthenia gravis | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Graves disease | Sickle cell disease | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Sickle cell diseaseRef: Robbin's pathology 9th ed. /211-15, 635* Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition which is characterized by mutation in beta globin chain of hemoglobin (glutamic acid is replaced with valine in the 6th position of beta chain).* Other given choices like SLE, Graves and MG are all autoi... | Pathology | Autoimmune Diseases |
d2b8eab6-05a6-444f-b39b-7a3c2299e70d | The requirement of potassium in a child is – | 1–2 mEq/kg | 4–7 mEq/kg | 10–12 mEq/kg | 13–14 mEq/k g | 0a | single | The recommended daily dietary intake of potassium in a child is 1- 2 meg/kg
`Dietary consumption varies considerable even though 1- 2 meg/kg is the recommended intake' | Pediatrics | null |
a44fa2b7-9bae-4081-9679-01c3d2767fd4 | All of the following infections may be transmitted via blood transfusion, except - | Parvo B-19 | Dengue virus | Cytomegalo virus | Hepatitis G virus | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
0aff9748-8c52-4e29-ad4e-9f6a4230d5db | The chosen method for measurement of obesity is - | Skinfold thickness | Body electrolyte count | Height - weight - sex chas | Basal oxygen consumption | 0a | single | Chosen method for measurements of obesity 1. A large propoion of total body fat is located just under the skin. Since it is the most accessible, the method most used is the measurement of skinfold thickness. It is a rapid and non invasive method for assessing body fat. Ref- Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social Med... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
9c9f016a-b488-4a79-9ac8-c8520ceaf165 | A man, after skinning a dead animal, developed a pustule on his hand. A smear prepared from the lesion showed the presence of Gram positive bacilli in long chains which were positive for McFadyean's reaction. The most likely aetiological agent is-( | Clostridium tetani | Li steria monocytogenes | Bacillus anthracis | Actinomyces sp | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bacillus anthracis . Mc Fadyean's reaction is used for the presumptive diagnosis of anthrax. . History of skinning a dead animal, development of pustule, the presence of gram (+)ve bacilli in long chains with positive Mc Fadyean's reaction are suggestive of "anthrax" caused by Bacillus anthracis. | Microbiology | null |
f9c759a1-f1ff-4fc8-922c-f28130f61467 | Hind milk is richer in: | Carbohydrate | Protein | Fat | Minerals | 2c | single | c. Fat(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 286-290, Ghai 8/e p 150-161)CharacteristicsFore milkHind milkWhat is it?Milk released at beginning of feedMilk released towards the end of feedRicher inWater, vitamins, minerals, proteinsFatSatisfiesThirst of babyHunger of baby | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
30896e90-c295-49f3-9a35-8e5bba7155d4 | True about kala-azar- | More common in female than male | Eliminated from India | Non-human reservoirs are present | Incubation period is 1-3 months | 2c | multi | Kala-azar There are varity of animal reservoirs, eg., dogs, jackals, foxes, rodents, and other mammals. Males are affected twice as often as females. In India, Kala-azar is endemic in 52 districts. Incubation period, generally 1 to 4 months ; range is 10 days to 2 yrs. Ref:PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDI... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
ec256b47-a2dd-477a-92fb-e9cb96602ee0 | Which of the following is least likely to cause constrictive pericarditis | Tuberculous pericardial effusion | Staphylococcal effusion | Post cardiac surgery | Acute rheumatic fever | 3d | single | Causes of constrictive pericarditis include: Tuberculosis Incomplete drainage of purulent pericarditis Fungal and parasitic infections Chronic pericarditis Postviral pericarditis Postsurgical, streptococcal effusion Following MI, post-myocardial infarction In association with pulmonary asbestos Ref Harrison 20th editio... | Medicine | C.V.S |
965b8bc3-1b14-4a19-a7d3-9121445e1687 | Sinus of highmore is? | Frontal sinus | Maxillary sinus | Ethmoid sinus | Sphenoid sinus | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) Maxillary sinusREF: Dhingra 4th ed page 178See APPENDIX-49 "PARANASAL SINUSES" APPENDIX - 49Paranasal Sinuses:Paranasalsinus(PNS)Status at birth1stRadiologicalEvidenceBestradiologicalviewAdult sizeDrains intoCommentsMaxillaryPresent4-5 monthsWaters'view/Ocdpitomental/nose-chinposition15 yearsMiddle meatusLa... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
460b9446-4ad5-4bce-a51b-ef9afb7369bb | A patient Parul gives you the history that she has missed a single dose of her combined oral contraceptive pill. Which of the following will you advise her? | Continue with the course without regard to the missed dose | Take 2 pills the next day and continue with the course | Take 2 pills everyday for the remaining pa of the course | Discontinue the course and use alternative method of contraception | 1b | single | * If a woman misses one pill of OCP, she should take 2 pills next day and then continue one pill a day as usual. * If the pills have been missed for 2-3 days, then the course should be stopped-->mechanical barriers (like condom) should be used and the next course should sta from next menstrual cycle. | Pharmacology | Osteoporosis, Sex Hormones and OCPs |
575500ec-aec4-49e9-a939-cb1f932479e2 | Hypoglycemia is caused by: | Alcohol intoxication | Thiazide | Diazoxide | Metoclopramide | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
459e5cc4-7ad5-4385-a3cb-29275c51624c | A 3 year old child with cystic fibrosis presents with weight loss, irritability, and a chronic productive cough. On physical exam, he is febrile and lung exam reveals intercostal retractions, wheezing, rhonchi, and rales. Chest x-ray demonstrates patchy infiltrates and atelectasis and Gram's stain of the sputum reveals... | Croup | Epiglottitis | Meningitis | Otitis externa | 3d | multi | null | ENT | null |
f9a00e0b-f777-4107-aade-709fb791cfaa | The critical angle of cornea-air interface is | 36 degree | 46 degree | 56 degree | 66 degree | 1b | single | Critical angle refers to the angle of incidence in the denser medium, corresponding to which angle of refraction in the rare medium is 90deg. At the tear-air interface, the critical angle is approximately 46deg. Made use of in construction of gonio lenses where this interface is changed and as a result critical angle b... | Ophthalmology | Cornea |
9fd6923d-da10-45cc-aecb-6fadb4ab3e09 | Activation of which of the following receptor cause vasoconstriction? | Nm receptor | M3 receptor | Nn receptor | ETa receptor | 3d | single | Ans: d (ETa receptor) Ref: Ganong, 22nd ed, p. 600ET receptors:ETa - specific for endothelin 1 - G coupled- vasoconstrictionETb- Responds to all 3 endothelins - G1 coupled - vasodilatationM3 receptors cause vasodilatation by release of NO & visceral smooth muscle contraction.Nm - They are present in skeletal muscle & c... | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
e1e1e8d3-9a40-4995-a177-df84d95fd3c5 | Local anaesthetic agent which has antimuscarinic action on hea muscle receptors is | Procaine | Cocaine | Chloroprocaine | None of the above | 1b | multi | Cocaine is a sympathomimetic (and thus antimuscarinic) local anaesthetic and thus adrenaline should not be added to it. | Pharmacology | All India exam |
878fd329-8593-4558-b8bc-ec1b1f85fbe4 | Histopathology of a lung cancer shows 'Clara cells' probable diagnosis is - | Squamous cell cancer | Bronchio alveolar cancer | Large cell cancer | Papillary carcinoma | 1b | single | Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
It is a histological type of adenocarcinoma.
It occurs in the pulmonary parenchyma in the terminal bronchioloalveolar pattern.
The tumor is almost always in the peripheral portion of the lung.
More often it occurs as multiple diffuse nodules that sometimes coalesce to produce a pneumonia-... | Pathology | null |
e14e95c8-0066-4152-a00d-558e23ea1c0d | A vaccine which requires stringent condition for storage is | DPT | OPV | BCG | TT | 1b | single | (Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 24thedition, pg no: 222) | Anatomy | All India exam |
8263ca20-ce80-46e4-8955-1a5786920d25 | Miltefosine is used in treatment of: | Malaria | Typhus fever | Kala azar | Chicken pox | 2c | single | Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) is an oral drug that was originally studied as an antitumor agent. Subsequent to the serendipitous laboratory finding that miltefosine was active against Leishmania in vitro and, after oral administration in laboratory animals, the drug was developed in a public-private panership f... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
52134794-586e-43f4-9fcb-75b6ae652e2d | A 54-year-old man presents with 7 weeks of facial flushing and diarrhea. His symptoms began intermittently but are becoming more constant. A 24-hour urine collection reveals an elevated level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a metabolite of serotonin. An abdominal CT scan shows a 2-cm mesenteric mass in the ileu... | Serotonin syndrome | Malignant carcinoid syndrome | Cushing syndrome | Phaeochromocytoma | 1b | single | One of the main secretory products of carcinoid tumors involved in the carcinoid syndrome is serotonin , which is synthesized from tryptophan. Serotonin production is characteristic of gut carcinoid tumors. Serotonin is metabolized to 5-HIAA. Therefore, finding high levels of 5-HIAA in a 24-hour urine collection in a p... | Surgery | null |
f92fc9db-6f4c-424b-bc42-5e4730aa2fd0 | Which is not diagnostic of antemoem drowning? | Water in the small intestine | Emphysema aquosum | Mud in the upper airways | Haemorrhage in the middle ear | 2c | multi | SIGNS OF ANTEMOEM DROWNING External findings: Cadaveric spasm holding grass, gravel and sand in hand Fine, white lathery froth in mouth & nose. Internal findings Presence of froth mixed with sand paicles in the trachea & bronchi (paicularly in the lower airways) Mud in the upper airway alone may be seen in post-moem dr... | Forensic Medicine | Drowning |
fbb7a262-7f59-4e34-b0f1-27e919c93ad2 | All of the following vitamins are antioxidants EXCEPT: | Beta carotene | Vitamin B | Vitamin C | Vitamin E | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) Vitamin BRef: K. Park 23rded. 1626* Antioxidants are substances which are both nutrients and non-nutrients.* These anti-oxidants reduce the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species which are generated during physiological or pathological conditions and result in oxidant damage* Vitamins wh... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vitamins |
b63fbfa3-4dd3-41d3-9e9f-952477bde087 | Gastric carcinoma involving the antrum with lymph node involvements. The pancreas, liver, peritoneal cavity are normal. Most appropriate surgery is ? | Total radical gastrectomy | Palliative gastrectomy | Gastrojejunostomy | None of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., None of the above Most appropriate surgery is -3 Radical subtotal gastroectomy | Surgery | null |
b5a5cb7f-bd4c-4e5d-b4d2-8a58e83bbfea | Type I diabetes mellitus is associated with | insulin resistance | defect in mitochondrial DNA | islet cell autoantibodies | beta cell dysfunction | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
18c530ab-4461-4569-b347-51b77336f178 | Chlorine demand of water determined by - | Horrocks apparatus | Chloronometre | Berkefield filter | Doble Pot | 0a | single | Horrock &;s water testing apparatus is designed to find out the dose of bleaching powder required for disinfection of water Contents 6 white cups One black cup with a circular mark inside 2 metal spoons 7 glass stirring rods One special pipette Two droppers Starch-iodine indicator solution Instruction folder (refer pgn... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
3ef5125e-8864-4e40-a3e0-a0c696b622f0 | Surface Immunoglobulin is found in which cell?' | T-cell | B-cell | NK cell | Plasma cells | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e. B-cell o B cells recognize antigen via the B-cell antigen receptor complex. Ig M and Ig D, present on the surface of all naive B cells, constitute the antigen binding component of B-cell receptor complexo After antigenic stimulation, B cells form plasma cells that secret immunoglobulin. | Pathology | Cells and Tissues of Immune System |
f4a718ed-b3ba-47b1-b803-d303f86d21db | Estrogen dependent conditions are all except : | Endometriosis | Endometrial carcinoma | Fibroids | Ca. Cervix | 3d | multi | Ca. Cervix | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
836e37e5-2326-4e2d-b813-dc539425c34f | All of the following infections have a well recognized association with nephropathies; except: | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Salmonella typhi | Hepatitis A | Legionnaire's disease | 0a | multi | Staphylococcus epidermidis is the commonest infection of ventriculo-atrial shunts; mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (GN) may result. Salmonella typhi infection can be complicated by glomerulonephritis, which may be mesangial proliferative, diffuse proliferative, or IgA nephropathy. Chronic hepatitis B virus - Membr... | Surgery | null |
977622e2-d33e-4fdf-91d4-f01e96fc6048 | Causes of floaters in DM is: (PGI May 2010) | Vitreous hemorrahage | Vitreal detachment | Maculopathy | Infarction | 0a | single | Ans: A (Vitreous hemorrahage) "Sometimes the onset of new floaters is secondary to Vitreous hemorrahage, often caused by advanced Diabetic retinopathy"- Parson 20th/88Vitreous detachment also cause floaters (But as Q is specifically asked about cause in MD, so should not be marked as answer)Floaters20th/88-89& www.diif... | Ophthalmology | Vascular Disorders |
301da8d1-5689-42f6-bbb0-7807f4281d88 | Stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon sheath is also known as: | Trigger finger | Tennis elbow | Carpal tunnel syndrome | Dupuytren'scontracture | 0a | single | Stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon sheath, also known as trigger finger, is one of the most common upper limb problems to be encountered in hand surgery practice. Ref: Schwaz's principle of surgery 9th edition, chapter 44. | Surgery | null |
129da013-c4fd-45d7-be76-5a09e3861176 | Highly selective proteinuria is seen in | Minimal change | Mesangial proliferative nephritis | Membranous glomerulonephritis | Focal glomerulosclerosis | 0a | single | Loss of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) polyanion has been proposed as a cause of the selective proteinuria in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS).The exact role of charge selectivity in the pathogenesis of nephrotic proteinuria remains controversial Proteinuria that is more than 85% albumin is selective protei... | Medicine | Kidney |
892169ad-716b-441a-a5ad-08d67d40ac7c | Witness interested in concealing the truth or the part of truth is Known as: | Expert witness | Hostile witness | Occurrence witness | Medical witness | 1b | single | Ans. b (Hostile witness) (Ref. Reddy FMT 23rd/pg. 10, 11)TYPE OF WITNESSHostile witness# As per sec. 191 IPC, the one who is supposed to have some interest or motive for concealing th? truth or the part of truth, or for giving completely false evidence. Both expert and common witnesses may turn out hostile.Expert witne... | Forensic Medicine | Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn |
dddc840e-3615-4932-af87-122c55efc70d | Crown completion of Maxillary 1st molar occur | At birth | 1 ½ year | 2 ½ to 3 year | 6 months after birth | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
138d9028-97e3-4f7d-835b-3030cc83e6c4 | Food dependent Cushing's syndrome is a result of the aberrant expression of: | Gastric inhibitory polypeptide | Somatostatin | Substance P | Tachykinins | 0a | single | Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide-Gastric inhibitory peptide ( GIP) In adipocytes - augments triglyceride storage It play role in obesity and insulin resistance GIP receptors aberrantly expressed in adrenal coex result in food dependent cushing syndrome. Ref: Sleisenger and Fordtran's, Edition-9, Page-8 | Physiology | null |
a1f98bee-017d-4ec8-8a9d-d65fc34549e2 | Monro-kellie doctrine is related to injury of - | Head | Abdomen | Chest | Leg | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Head(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.603)Monro - Kellie doctrine states that the skull comprises of three components namely blood, CSF and cerebral parenchyma.If any of the component increases, it is always at the cost of others.For example, if there is obstruction to CSF flow, then CSF pressure rises and it automatica... | Physiology | Nervous System |
72f0e995-823a-4136-8d49-08a13e97d31e | The main reason for replacing premature loss of primary anterior teeth | Form and function | Speech and esthetics | Space maintenance | None of the above | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
fdf09e92-a71b-414e-a3b6-a72eea6f8322 | Mucopolysaccharide that does not contain Uronic acid residue is: | Heparan Sulphate | Heparin | Chondroitin Sulphate | Keratan Sulphate | 3d | single | Ans. D. Keratan SulphateGAG with no Uronic Acid: Keratan SulphateGAG with no Sulfate group: Hyaluronic AcidGAG not covalently linked to Protein: Hyaluronic Acid | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates |
63f92788-0580-4f45-a107-f58a0edd08c2 | Which of the following is not seen in WV involvement of CNS - | Perivascular giant cell | Vacuolar degeneration of post column | Microglial nodule formation | Inclusion bodies | 3d | single | Inclusion bodies [Ref : Bobbin's Thie p. 13751 Involvement of C.N.S. is a common and impoant manifestation of AIDS. In addition to the lymphoid system the nervous system is a major target of HIV infection. Macrophages and microglia cells in the central nervous system that belongs to the monocyte and macrophages lineage... | Pathology | null |
a2ddf95e-a3ea-4b15-92ed-686b827da264 | Daily salivary secretion is - | 250-500 m! | 1000-1500 ml | 2000-2500 ml | 3000 ml | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1000-1500 ml Daily secretion of intestinal juicesDaily volume (ml)pHSaliva10006.0-7.0Gastric secretion15001.0-3.5Pancreatic secretion10008.0-8.3Bile10007.8Small intestine secretion18007.5-8.0Brunner's gland secretion2008.0-8.9Large intestinal secretion2007.5-8.0Total6700 | Physiology | Secretory Functions of the Alimentary Tract |
1df639b7-2d2c-4200-be19-8fa6cba6013b | Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for | Haemorrhoids | Fistula in ano | Fissure in ano | Anal cancer | 2c | single | ANAL FISSURE Definition An anal fissure (synonym: fissure-in-ano) is a longitudinal split in the anoderm of the distal anal canal, which extends from the anal verge proximally towards, but not beyond, the dentate line. Operative measures Historically, under regional or general anaesthesia, forceful manual (four- or eig... | Surgery | G.I.T |
57ecb82e-0557-4f1f-a7fe-fccdaf5e3a37 | In case of female commonest hernia is ? | Direct inguinal hernia | Indirect inguinal hernia | Femoral Hernia | Incisional hernia | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' ie Indirect Inguinal hernia | Surgery | null |
b7bfa7b0-93dc-47df-b67c-bad4824a9e59 | For a screening test, 90% specificity means that 90% of non diseased persons will give a - | True negative result | True positive result | False negative result | False positive result | 0a | multi | a 90% specificity means that 90%of the non diseased persons will give "true negative result",10% of non diseased people screened by the test will be wrongly classified as &;;diseased" when they are not. ref:park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,22nd edition,pg no 131 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening |
30330faa-6558-4900-9f18-cf14fafe3f28 | The abnormal preoperative pulmonary function test in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis includes | Normal RV and decreasd TLC | Reduced FEV1/ FVC | Reduced FEV 25-75 | Increased FRC | 0a | single | In severe kyphoscoliosis RV is normal TLC decreased FRC decreased/normal FVC decreases | Medicine | Respiratory system |
eaee85c4-7cc4-46ce-8875-413036d34b08 | All the following statements about atrial myxomas are true, except | Most common site is left atrium | Most common in young individuals | Distance metastasis are rare | Most myxomas are familial | 3d | multi | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1577:289e-1 In contrast to sporadic tumors, familial or syndromic tumors tend to occur in younger individuals, are often multiple, may be ventricular in location, and are more likely to recur after initial resection. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
1c222a5b-27e6-40cd-9038-fb70bbfd5a7a | Use of tamoxifen for breast cancer can cause all ofthe following adverse effects, exceptaEUR' | >Thromboembolism | Endometrial carcinoma | >Carcinoma in contralateral breast | >Cataract | 2c | multi | Carcinoma in contralateral breast [Ref. KDT 6/e p. 304; Goodman & 10/e p. 1440,14411 Tamoxifen is associated with reduced risk of cancer in the contra- lateral breast. - It helps in preventing the recurrence and also helps to prevent the development of new cancers in the other breast. When used as an adjuvant chemother... | Pharmacology | null |
06005e64-ed2e-44f4-b430-500ddc09664f | Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage is punishable by | 309 IPC | 312 IPC | 314 IPC | 316 IPC | 2c | single | Section 314 in The Indian Penal Code: Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage. Whoever, with intent to cause the miscarriage of a woman with child, does any act which causes the death of such woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and... | Forensic Medicine | Medical Jurisprudence |
e43ef522-af4f-4592-a4b6-bdc3091d5c41 | What is the ideal method to remove a retained Foley's catheter if its balloon does not deflate? | Over-distend the balloon with water till it bursts | Dissolve the balloon by injecting ether | CT-guided rupture of balloon | USG guided rupture of balloon | 3d | multi | The ideal method to remove a retained Foley's catheter if its balloon does not deflate is by USG guided rupture of balloon after inflating it with 20ml water. It should be followed by a cystoscopic examination to rule out any fragments which can lead to bladder stones. | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
bc5a6888-d757-4d30-963d-becefb92a6cc | CD 4 is not impoant for which of the following - | Antibody production | Cytotoxic of T cells | Memory B Cells | Opsonisation | 1b | single | Opsonisation | Pathology | null |
df32ae40-aff5-4e93-9dfa-937dbbbafc82 | Which of the following families of glycoproteins plays the most impoant role in regulating the migration and differentiation of leukocytes and connective tissue cells during wound healing in a 34-year-old woman who has a benign nevus removed from her back under local anesthesia ? | Cadherins | Fibrillins | Integrins | Laminins | 2c | single | The locomotion of leukocytes is powered by membrane extensions called lamellipodia. Slower moving cells, such as fibroblasts, extend fingerlike membrane protrusions called filopodia. The leading edge of the cell membrane adheres to the extracellular matrix through transmembrane adhesion receptors termed integrins -Cadh... | Pathology | Wound Healing |
a77f5234-2bbf-46d9-a3a0-30399d269cfe | Rheumatoid factor is: | IgG | IgM | IgD | IgM | 3d | single | Answer is D (IgM): Rheumatoid factor is. an IgM antibody directed against the Fc fragment of IgG | Surgery | null |
ca87208c-0700-41a8-807a-3e23612dbcee | Which one of the following Lymphomas is associated with HTLV-virus infection? | Burkitt's lymphoma | B-cell lymphoma | Adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma | Hodgkin's disease | 2c | single | (C) Adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma # HTLV-1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia / lymphoma> Tropism for CD4+T cells> Human infection by Sexual intercourse Blood products Breast-feeding> Leukemia develop in only 3% to 5% of the infected individuals after a long latent period of 40 to 60 years. HTLV-1 is also as... | Pathology | Misc. |
06b190d6-912b-40d5-8c76-ccdb03df91a0 | All of the following are features of thyrotoxicosis, except: | Diastolic murmur | Soft non ejection systolic murmur | Irregularly, irregular pulse | Scratching sound in systole | 0a | multi | CVS FINDINGS IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Most common cardiovascular manifestation is sinus tachycardia, often associated with palpitations, occasionally caused by supraventricular tachycardia.
Exertional dyspnea.
Hyperactive precordium with loud first heart sound, an accentuated pulmonic component of the second heart sound, and... | Surgery | null |
fdd2ddb4-2928-40ee-bb41-fc747e06ac39 | Which of the following drugs is used to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV? | Lamivudine | Nevirapine | Stavudine | Abacavir | 1b | single | Ans. b. Nevirapine (Ref: Goodman and Gilman 12/e p1643; COGDT 10/p e692-693; Dutta 7/e p301-302; Williams 23/e p1248; Park 21/e p321; Nelson 18/e p1430-1431)Nevirapine is used to prevent the mother-to-chiid transmission of HIV."Single-dose nevirapine has been commonly used in pregnant, HIV-infected women to prevent mot... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Sexually Transmitted Infections |
8bc4666f-60c1-475f-a898-f04408910e44 | In patients who present with a penetrating chest injury, injury to the heart is most likely when the following physical sign(s) is/are present: | Hypotension | Distended neck veins. | Decreased heart sound. | Decreased venous pressure | 3d | single | Hypotension, increased venous pressure (distended neck veins), and decreased heart sounds make up the classic Beck's triad associated with cardiac tamponade. If these three findings are present in a person who has a penetrating chest wound, intracardiac injury is almost certain and operative intervention is mandatory. | Unknown | null |
064b2f7d-628b-4981-a8c8-22ea05f8509d | IPC 304B is for - | Punishment for cruelty by husband or his relatives | Dowry death | Death caused by negligence | Punishment of culpable homicide, not amounting to murder | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e. Dowry deatho 304-BIPC: Dowry death : 10 years of imprisonment which can extend to life.o 498-A IPC: Punishment for cruelty by husband or his relatives.Dowry deatho In some cases newly married girls are abused, harassed, cruelly treated and tortured by the husband, in-laws and their relatives for or in c... | Forensic Medicine | Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn |
f4d2f134-65a8-4bc4-9001-091330293e37 | A 36 year old woman has noticed, absence of menses for the last 4 months. A pregnancy test is negative. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone are elevated and the serum estradiol levels is low. These findings suggest : | Bilateral tubal obstruction | Polycystic ovarian disease | Premature menopause | Exogenous estrogen administration | 2c | single | Premature menopause | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d566e5bd-38af-4933-9e9b-72999b8ab598 | Acrodermatitis enteropathica is | Inherited disorder of impaired uptake of zinc from body | Inherited disorder of excessive excretion of zinc from body | Inherited disorder of excessive excretion of copper from body | Inherited disorder of impaired uptake of copper from body | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
e8636b15-f816-47ae-b667-12258a0b1764 | Serotonin (5-HT) is one of several mediators of the signs and symptoms of carcinoid tumor. When released from this neoplasm, most of the manifestations of 5-HT are the result of activation of the 5-HT2 receptor. These manifestations are therefore likely to include which of the following effects? | Bronchospasm | Constipation | Skeletal muscle weakness | Tachycardia | 0a | single | - 5-HT2 receptors mediate smooth muscle contraction and thus cause bronchospasm and diarrhea, not constipation.- Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are relatively insensitive to 5-HT.- Peptic ulceration is not mediated in pa by 5-HT; the autacoid actually reduces acid secretion. | Surgery | GIT |
4ce29249-cfb7-4897-92cb-b63a06560134 | Which is not a part of proximal row of carpal bones? | Scaphoid | Lunate | Triquetral | Hamate | 3d | single | Ans. D HamateRef: Kulkarni Clinical Anatomy, 2nd ed. pg. 80Proximal row of carpals (Lateral to Medial): Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral and Pisiform. | Anatomy | Upper Extremity |
9a6f1aa6-6770-4a41-995e-859a10fb2f2d | Epiphyseal enlargement occurs in | Sheurmann's disease | Paget's disease | Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis | Epiphyseal dysplasia | 2c | single | Epiphyseal enlargement - juvenile rheumatoid ahritis , hypehyroidism, rickets, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. EPIPHYSEAL dysgenesis/ fragmented or punctuate epiphysis - Hypothyroidism. | Orthopaedics | Metabolic disorders - 1 |
7093d0bb-1a33-4fd2-acf6-19412edd02a1 | The term 'rampant caries' applies to a mouth having: | 5 or more lesions/year | 10 or more lesions/year | 2 or more lesions/year | 12 or more Lesions/year | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
ee818d66-c859-4f35-9227-837b7dcd664a | Which of the following agents do not act GABAA Cl- channel complex receptors? | Zopiclone | Benzodiazepines | Thiopentone | Promethazine | 3d | single | Zopiclone (non benzodiazepine hypnotics ),benzodiazepine ,thiopentone(barbiturates) all act on GABA-Cl channel ,whereas promethazin is a antihistamine drug that acts on histaminergic receptors which causes high sedation. Ref: KD Tripathio 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
623150d4-f45d-4664-a806-0f43b55018f9 | 30 year old woman's PAP smear is given below. What is your next approach | Continue routine screeing | Advice loop electro excisional procedure | Hysterectomy | Cryotherapy | 1b | single | The pap smear shows:
→ Dysplastic squamous cells
→ High N:C ratio
→ Irregular nuclear membrane
→ Coarse chromatin
All these suggest high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
51d9b599-ddff-4ecc-ba4e-18814a91a847 | A problem village is one wrhere - | Source of water > 1[?]6 km away | Water available > 15 meters depth | Excess of fluoride in water | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is i.e., All of the above o A problem village has been defined as oneWhere no source of safe water is available within a distance of 1.6 km, or Where water is available at a depth of more than IS meters, orWhere water source has excess salinity, iron, fluorides and other toxic elements, orWhere water is exposed to... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health Programmes in India |
750b5fb5-93cc-4169-b372-c3dbd645d2e2 | Rice grains appearance with passage of proglottids in stool is seen in | Taenia solium | Taenia saginata | D. latum | H. nana | 1b | single | (T. saginata) (144-Panikar 6th)* Most common presenting finding is the passage of proglottids in the stool in T. saginata (1315-CMDT-08).* T. solium - Autoinfection with eggs can progress to cysticercosis.* T. saginata - Commonly lives in Jejunum (Unarmed tapeworm).* The larva of T. saginata (cysticercus bovis) is not ... | Microbiology | Parasitology |
fb10759f-dae8-4439-8c2b-52ed0979c41d | Most commonly used method of display of ultrasound is | A-Mode | B-Mode | M-Mode | D-Mode | 1b | single | Applications- A-Mode- Commonly used for orbital biometry,Axial Length of eyeball. B-Mode (Brightness) : Most commonly used mode. M-mode (motion): Used for valvular morphology and motion,Echocardiography and Fetal Hear Rate monitoring. | Radiology | ULTRASOUND |
9537c0cb-6c36-427a-b502-bbf9099790d5 | The personnel involved in the integrated child development program of WHO is: | Dhai | Anganwadi workers | Village health workers | School health teacher | 1b | single | Anganwadi worker will guide ASHA in performing following activities:
Organizing Health Day once/twice a month. On health day, the women, adolescent girls and children from the village will be mobilized for orientation on health-related issues such as the importance of nutritious food, personal hygiene, care during pr... | Dental | null |
a40e222f-33e7-4409-9aaa-3770fcca051c | Arrange the following tumors according to the increasing age they affect. 1. Ewings sarcoma 2. Osteosarcoma 3. Osteoclastoma 4. Multiple Myeloma | 2-3-1-4 | 1-2-3-4 | 4-2-1-3 | 1-2-4-3 | 1b | single | AGE Tumors 1st Decade Ewing's sarcoma (Can be 5-20 years), Unicameral Bone Cyst Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Metastasis from Neuroblastoma 2nd Decade Osteosarcoma (Can affect all ages) Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Giant cell tumor (20-40 years-classical is 30 years) Adamantinoma Enchondroma After 40Yrs Multiple myeloma >Cho... | Orthopaedics | Ohopedics Oncology |
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