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efc050bf-a52e-4ffa-816a-57e2ce64c129 | Harakiri, a method of suicide is committed by | Ripping the abdomen open | Jumping from a height | Shooter through the oral cavity | Stabbing over the hea | 0a | single | Harakiri (seppuku): It is an unusual type of suicidal disembowelment connected with Japanese Samurai warriors. The victim with a sho sword inflicts a single large abdominal stab wound into the left side, drawing the blade across to the right side and then turning it upwards producing an L-shaped cut. The sudden eviscer... | Forensic Medicine | Special topics |
385c2e18-f45d-4b5d-8418-602ef9304cac | "Tram track" appearance is seen in- | Minimal change disease | Membranous GN | Membranoproliferative GN | SLE | 2c | single | By light microscopy, type I MPGN and many cases of dense deposit disease are similar. The glomeruli are large, with an accentuated lobular appearance, and show proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells as well as infiltrating leukocytes. The GBM is thickened, and the glomerular capillary wall often shows a doubl... | Pathology | Urinary tract |
19301226-8b13-49e6-b64a-ac699732b7be | Maximum electrophoretic mobility and least lipid content - | Chylomicrons | HDL | LDL | VLDL | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., HDL o HDL:- Has maximum electrophoretic mobility, has maximum density, has minimum lipid content, has maximum protein (apoprotein) content, are smallest in size, has maximum phospholipid, has minimum triglycerideso Chylomicrons :- Have no electrophoretic mobility, have minimum density, have maximum li... | Unknown | null |
5b8f0957-0488-4f54-a49b-5c3d4021f129 | Defect seen due to failure of closure of rostral part of neural tube or cranial neuropore? | Anencephaly | Spina bifida | Meningocele | Sacrococcygeal teratoma | 0a | single | Ans. A. AnencephalyAnencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. It is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day foll... | Anatomy | Embryology |
60b3b278-654c-4058-9268-97bef1775f76 | H.pylori elimination confirmation test - | Urea breath test | Culture | Serological test | Biopsy urease test | 0a | single | <p>Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *urea breath test is highly specific and sensitive.breath tests are best because of accuracy simplicity and non invasiveness. </p> | Medicine | G.I.T |
81757af8-0ec8-4f51-ba7a-2670b78a5046 | Cyclo developmental stage is seen in: | Malaria | Filaria | Plague | Cholera | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Filaria This question is one of the most often repeated question in PG examsThere are three types of biological transmission by vectors :Propagative:The infectious agent merely multiplies in the vector but no change in form.eg.plague bacilli in rat fleas.Cyclopropogative:The agent changes in form and n... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Infectious Disease Epidemiology |
7b9f8874-3c13-426e-a3ea-915b1a153667 | Beta blockers are not indicated in: | Acute CHF | Hypertension | Chronic CHF | Arrhythmia | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
ad09bb60-71ef-47e4-b42f-53f1f29feb1f | Gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis - | DEXA | Single beam densitometry | Quatitative computed tomography | Bone histomorphometry | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., DEXA [Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 8pt 8px; text-indent: 0; text-align: left">o The gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual energy X-ray absorption scan (DEXA scan). The test is performed by passing low energy X-rays thr... | Orthopaedics | Metabolic Disorders Leading to Osteosclerosis |
ee50252a-7815-464b-8b73-e5dfd334a0a0 | Which of the following increases capillary filling rate? | Increased capillary filling co-efficient | Reduced plasma colloidal osmotic pressure | Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. | All of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Reduced plasma colloidal osmotic pressure. (Ref. Ganong 23rd/pg. 592 - 594)# Net fluid movement depends on net driving pressure and two other important factors related to the properties of the membranes. The filtration coefficient ,Kf, depends on the surface area and the permeability of the capillary wall to wa... | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
ee984416-1fcb-40a3-a7aa-a6676f10fb40 | Which of the following statements is true about BCG vaccination ? | Distilled water is used as diluent for BCG vaccine | The site for injection should be cleaned thoroughly with spirit | WHO recommends Danish 1331 strain for vaccine production | Mantoux test becomes positive after 48 hours of vaccination | 2c | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
33776feb-8890-438b-885c-3f354e146c18 | Muscles paralysed In Erbs palsy are all except | Biceps brachii | Triceps muscle | Brachioradialis | Brachialis muscle | 1b | multi | Muscles paralysed : Muscles involved in erbs palsy : mainly biceps Brachii Deltoid Brachialis Brachioradialis Paly supraspinatus, infraspinatus and supinator ref : maheswari 9thed | Anatomy | null |
9f103213-e5ef-4576-bfb1-ee3282547668 | The floating tip of the iceberg represents what the physician sees in the community as: | Clinical cases | Latent cases | Undiagnosed cases | Carriers | 0a | single | Health professionals see only a small part of the illness in the community, just as only a small part of an iceberg is visible above the surface of the water. This is what is called " the tip of the iceberg", as information on the submerged portion is not available.
But the inapparent cases are important for their rol... | Dental | null |
66c589db-0d33-4a59-8495-13212c75e323 | Commonest thyroid tumor in MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) ? | Follicular | Papillary | Anaplastic | Medullary | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Medullary Thyroid tumor is seen in MEN II, and is medullary carcinoma of thyroid. | Pathology | null |
3ca1d64f-7f22-4ce9-a2f4-0bc36805a652 | All are true about delirium tremens, except:NIMHANS 10; AI 11; FMGE 11 | Normal sleep wake cycle | Visual hallucinations | Coarse tremors | Clouding of consciousness | 0a | multi | Ans. Normal sleep wake cycle | Psychiatry | null |
2f999c7c-7e1f-416c-9bad-d4aba252651e | Critical Limb ischemia results from | Mild Arterial Occlusive Disease | Moderate Arterial Occlusive disease | Severe Arterial occlusive disease | All of the above | 2c | multi | null | Surgery | null |
a29a0045-0004-46b8-875e-e3bf53be945c | Mechanism of actions of penicillins and cephalosporins is to inhibit: | Cell wall synthesis | Leakage from cell membrane | Protein synthesis | DNA gyrase | 0a | multi | Beta lactam These are antibiotics having a beta-lacatam ring. The two major groups are penicillins and cephalosporins. Monobactams and carbapenems are relatively newer additions. Mechanism of action All beta-lactam antibiotics interfere with the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. The P-lactam antibiotics inhibit the tra... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
b3381a14-efb1-478d-9868-e42cba78d589 | Antral puncture is made on | Medial wall of maxillary sinus | Lateral wall of maxillary sinus | Apex of of maxillary sinus | Roof of maxillary sinus | 0a | multi | null | ENT | null |
e93f17fd-c78a-4bf1-886d-bab1fd4cd90f | The staing numbers in life table is known as | Radix | Radius | Origin | Coho | 3d | single | In actuarial science and demography, a life table (also called a moality table or actuarial table) is a table which shows, for each age, what the probability is that a person of that age will die before his or her next bihday ("probability of death") There are two types of life tables used in actuarial science. The per... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
16803a6b-01f5-40d6-b6dc-5ad8fd38c12b | Lucid interval is seen in which of the following? | Subaractnoid hemorrhage | Extradural hemorrhage | Subdural hemorrhage | Seen in all head injury cases | 1b | multi | Lucid interval is a state of consciousness between two episodes of unconsciousness. It is classical of extradural hemorrhage. | Forensic Medicine | null |
3c724092-d704-4555-aa9a-19e80365af7f | True about Crigger Najjar type II syndrome is- | Diglucuronide deficiency | Recessive trait | Kemicterus is seen | Phenobarbitone not useful | 1b | multi | Crigler najar type 2 is an autosomal recessive condition in which there is decrease in glucuronyl transferase, Treatment includes phenobarbital, phototherapy or liver transplant. Kernicterus is seen in type 1 not type 2. Reference: Davidson, 23rd edition, page 860 | Medicine | G.I.T |
4f973a16-a353-4347-b1bc-05eae1bcef10 | Lipogenesis in liver is stimulated by | Glucagon | Insulin | Thyroxine | Epinephrine | 1b | single | Insulin | Biochemistry | null |
973d9741-d390-4e46-a970-ab67fef511f6 | In echocardiography pulses of of ultrasonic waves are admitted at a frequency of | 1 megahez | 2 megahez | 20 Hez | 2000 Hez | 1b | single | In echocardiography pulses of ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 2.25 megahez are admitted from a transducer that also functions as a receiver as a receiver to detect waves reflected back from various pas of the hea. Ref:page no 347 Textbook of physiology Volume 1 AK Jain 7th edition | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
5c868612-910a-44c3-96a1-f64cf8bd472c | During the ear examination, cough occurs due to stimulation of | Hypoglossal | Trochlear | Trigeminal | Vagus | 3d | single | Arnold nerve. It is an auricular branch of jugular ganglion of the vagus.
It supplies the skin of posterior part of pinna on the medial surface of the concha, and posterior wall of the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane.
The auricular nerve is the afferent limb of the Ear-Cough or Arnold Reflex. | ENT | null |
4cce21dc-18c5-4be5-9942-f1d528b97fa2 | Down syndrome is | Trisomy of 21 | Trisomy of 18 | Monosomy of 18 | Monosomy of 21 | 0a | single | Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 | Pathology | null |
714a6fa3-f1ec-4cd4-881d-28b22e1f2d63 | Breastfeeding is contraindicated in | Galactosemia | Tuberculosis history | Hepatitis B positive mother | Low bih weight infant | 0a | single | Contraindications of breastfeedingGalactosemiaActive untreated tuberculosis-only in the initial periodHIV positive mother-especially in a developed country; In India its not contraindicatedSome medication(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 287) | Pediatrics | All India exam |
c93dc892-b6ed-4705-b9b0-49e2f3706723 | All of the following are glycoproteins except? | Blood antigen | Albumin | Immunoglobulin | hCG | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) Albumin ref. Harper 25/e, p 675; Lipincoft 2/e, p 157 Glycoprotein are proteins to which usually 2-10 oligosaccharides are covalently attached, e.g. Glycoprotein Ig Globular proteins except albumin Blood group antigen Mucin hCG, TSH Selectin Lectin HLA class I, II Secreted enzymes and proteins Glycophorin Tran... | Microbiology | null |
22f7af25-2dc0-4713-9a5c-859ee25d87d0 | Which of the following best describes a patient with a classical migraine? | A unilateral headache with unilateral visual loss and muscle aches | Left a retro-orbital headache with rhinorrhoea and red eye | Visual deficit that persists after cessation of a unilateral headache | Pulsating unilateral headache worsened with the movements of head | 3d | single | Choice A describes GIANT CELL AERITIS - Typical presenting symptoms include headache,Polymyalgia Rheumatica, jaw claudication,fever,Weight loss. Choice B describes CLUSTRE HEADACHE- The frequency is approximately 0.1%.The pain is deep, usually retroorbital,excruciating in intensity, nonfluctuating, explosive in quality... | Medicine | CNS |
17946f81-1176-46f2-a290-6491c147abc8 | Which of the following tumor causes polycythemia due to increased erythropoietin production? | Cerebellar hemangioblastoma | Medulloblastoma | Ependymoma | Oligodendroglioma | 0a | single | Secondary erythrocytosis involves increased erythropoietin (EPO) signalling in the bone marrow. Several types of neoplasm are known to produce excess EPO, including renal cell carcinoma, uterine fibroids, hemangioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. EPO production can also be increased following renal transplant Ref... | Pathology | null |
7d0c8556-2b4e-489d-84c6-567b5883452f | Most common tumour of eyelid is | Basal cell carcinoma | Adenocarcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Sebaceous cell carcinoma | 0a | single | (A) (Basal cell carcinoma) (430-Nema 5th) (457- Parson 21st)* Basal cell carcinoma is the most common maligment tumour of the eyelids and constitutes 85%-90% of the all malignant epithelial eyelid tumours.* Squamous papilloma is the most common benign tumour of the eyelid.Common malignant tumours of the eyelidTypeCommo... | Ophthalmology | Lid |
1e2368bc-2514-40ea-9a19-4ef6ff809929 | Prolonged administration of Sodium nitroprusside can cause poisoning of: | Cyanide | Methanol | Arsenic | Phenol | 0a | single | Cyanide poisoning can occur in rapid or excessive administration of sodium nitroprusside. The breakdown of nitroprusside in the body leads to dissociation into the components cyanide and nitric oxide. Accumulation of cyanide is more common in infusions of sodium nitroprusside exceeding 2g/kg/min. Guidelines for safe ad... | Forensic Medicine | null |
3be7ad7f-b166-425d-87be-8814bb55f3d3 | Causative agent for oriental sore is: September 2007 | Onchocerca volvulus | Leishmania donovani | Leishmania tropica | Brugya malayi | 2c | single | Ans. C: Leishmania tropica Oriental sore is a skin disease, occurring in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia, caused by the parasitic protozoan Leishmania tropica. It is a specific granuloma of the skin, endemic within ceain limited areas in warm countries; characterized primarily by a papule, gradually enlarging ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5647bd8b-cb84-4398-899e-6d19950e0a12 | PASCAL is used for | Angiography | Laser photocoagulation | RNFL thickness | Ganglion cell layer | 1b | single | Laser photocagulations RETINAL INSTRUMENTS * OCT: Measure RNFL thickness, Ganglion cell volume, Optic nerve head parameters & retinal layers. Cystoid Macular edema is classified according to OCT classification. * OCT- Angio that shows retinal vasculature without the use of dye. * PASCAL- Patterned scanned laser used fo... | Ophthalmology | Retina |
bf0e731b-b7db-4352-97b2-cf4a85a78cb7 | Staphylococcus is? | Gram-positive cocci | Gram-negative cocci | Gram-positive bacillus | Gram-negative bacillus | 0a | single | Staphylococcui are Gram-positive cocci that occur in grape like clsters . Ref: Ananthanarayan & panikers Textbook of Microbiology 9th edition page no199 | Microbiology | general microbiology |
2ff42d1f-ec99-4f98-b5a2-e205cc0a2069 | Whitening of the nail plates may be due to deficiency of: March 2011 | Iron | Zinc | Albumin | Copper | 2c | single | Ans. C: Albumin Leuconychia: Nails are white and are associated with hypoalbuminemia like cirrhosis of liver Nails and dermatology: Mees lines: Arsenic poisoning Oncholysis: Psoriasis Koilonychia: Iron deficiency anemia Koenens periungal fibroma: Tuberous sclerosis | Skin | null |
57c69351-63d1-4cae-9a39-1d9e86e16c03 | All are true about ASHA are all EXCEPT: | Selected by village panchayat/Gram Sabha | Trained by ANM | Minimum class 4 passed | Comes under NRHM 2005-2012 | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) Minimum class 4 passedRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 449-50, s 21sted. /407* Minimum education required for ASH A: 8(tm) pass* ASHA is Accredited Social Health Activist.* One ASHA works for 1000 population.* In tribal, hilly and desert areas, the norm is one ASHA per habitation.Impact Indicators of ASHA* Infant mort... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health Planning and Management |
6e299dde-f4a7-4948-ade3-6ddca07a3a29 | Which of the following is the earliest cardiac abnormality to develop in acute rheumatic fever? | MR | MS | AR | AS | 0a | single | Acute rheumatic fever can cause mitral regurgitation, but stenosis develops decades later. Characterestic thickening of leaflets occurs with fibrous obliteration. There is also commissural fusion, chordal fusion, and shoening, and calcium deposition on the leaflets, chordae, and annulus. | Pediatrics | null |
3942706c-a372-4644-8944-3d928fae4698 | First deciduous teeth usually comes around 6 months of age. They are: | Upper central incisors | Lower central incisors | Lower lateral incisors | Molars | 1b | multi | Primary teeth generally begin to erupt at about 6 months of age. The mandibular central incisors usually erupt before the maxillary incisors. The first teeth may appear as early as age 3-4 months or as late as age 12-16 months. Ref: Klein U. (2012). Chapter 17. Oral Medicine & Dentistry. In W.W. Hay, Jr., M.J. Levin, R... | Pediatrics | null |
8120e26a-abbd-43c0-b9bb-77a11661b02a | A 68-year-old coal miner with a history of smoking and emphysema develops severe air-flow obstruction and expires. Autopsy reveals a "black lung," with coal-dust nodules scattered throughout the parenchyma and a central area of dense fibrosis. The coal dust entrapped within this miner's lung was sequestered primarily b... | Endothelial cells | Fibroblasts | Lymphocytes | Macrophages | 3d | single | Macrophages. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis reflects the inhalation of carbon particles. The characteristic pulmonary lesions of simple coal worker's pneumoconiosis include nonpalpable coal-dust macules and palpable coal-dust nodules, both of which are typically multiple and scattered throughout the lung as 1- to 4-mm bl... | Pathology | Inflammation & Repair |
71af9525-1c11-40f3-980e-4f21d43a2ad0 | Treatment of choice of intracranial ALL is - | Intrathecal methotrexate | Vincristine and predinisolone | Intrathecal vincristine | Prednisolone | 0a | multi | null | Medicine | null |
1c6873c7-9db2-4c75-a4e7-bd2e90ce3797 | True about MMV: | 150 lt per min | Measured with maximum voluntary effo | Maximum breathing capacity per minute | All | 3d | multi | MVV: 150lt per min Maximum volume of air that can be breathed In and out by the patient per min Ref: G K Pal textbook of Practical physiology 4th edition, page number:159 | Physiology | Respiratory system |
31e47470-33c8-49f5-9759-f51ca33d6d6e | Mill Wheel Murmur heard in case of | Air embolism | Aoic dissection | Coarctation of aoa | Abdominal aoic aneurysm | 0a | single | Mill WHEEL murmur: constant machine like sound, late sign, heard over precordium heard in cases of air embolism. | Medicine | All India exam |
7805b54f-16ac-4698-b364-f5fa87824e7e | HbH is characterized by: | Deletion of three alpha chain genes | Deletion of three alpha chains and one beta chain genes | Deletion of two alpha and two beta chain genes | Deletion of four alpha chain genes | 0a | single | Ans. A. Deletion of three alpha chain genesAlpha-ThalassemiaSilent carrier state1 gene deletion-aaaa thalassemia trait2 gene deletion-a-aHbH disease3 gene deletion---aHydrops fetalis4 gene deletion---- | Medicine | Anemia and RBC Disorders |
534ed763-28f0-4e64-a550-e81424fcaad6 | A 54 yr old smoker man comes with fever, hemoptysis, weight loss and oligo arthritis. Serial skiagram shows fleeting opacities. What is the diagnosis - | Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis | Calung | TB | Wegeners granulomatosis | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Wegner's granulomatosis On first instance, presence of fleeting opacities and hemoptysis makes it look like a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.But presence of oligoarthritis and weight loss cannot be explained by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Presence of fever, hemoptysis and... | Medicine | Interstitial Lung Disease |
fda62466-61b7-41bc-8aef-4e396e760e20 | A symmetric high-voltage, triphasic slow wave pattern is seen on EEG in the following : | Hepatic encephalopathy | Uremic encephalopathy | Hypoxic encephalopathy | Hypercarbic encephalopathy | 0a | single | Answer is A (Hepatic encephalopathy) `Symmetric, high voltage, triphasic slow wave (2 - 5 /second) pattern on Electroencephalogram (EEG) is characteristic (but non specific) of Hepatic encephalopathy' The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy should be considered when four major factors are present Acute or chronic hepat... | Medicine | null |
38b8f487-1fc5-4a91-9106-42461429fda0 | All of the following are true of tuberculoid leprosy except – | It is infective | Positive lepromin test | Treatment for 5 years | Body immunity is high | 2c | multi | Treatment for tuberculoid leprosy is 6 months. | Dental | null |
39297c6a-0287-4cdb-ba34-fa104667b475 | Acquired multistep drug resistance can be seen in all except: | Erythromycin | Streptomycin | Tetracycline | Chloramphenicol | 1b | multi | Development of acquired resistance may be due to single-step mutation (as seen with streptomycin and rifampicin) or multi-step mutation (erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol). | Pharmacology | null |
bf15d887-818a-4a1d-b855-3b7bbae107df | A 3 year child having protein 3+ in urine with oliguria with edema. No hematuria. What is the diagnosis ? | Minimal change GN | Membranous GN | Mesangioproliferative GN | RPGN | 0a | single | Minimal Change Disease (MCD for sho) is a kidney disease in which large amounts of protein is lost in the urine. It is one of the most common causes of the Nephrotic Syndrome worldwide. The kidneys normally work to clean the blood of the natural waste products that build up over time. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatri... | Pediatrics | Urinary tract |
386101e7-9b67-454b-8e08-e1c58fb54a87 | Which is most significant finding in cardiotoco-graphy for detection of fetal hypoxia: | Late deceleration | Variable deceleration | Sinusoidal deceleration | Early deceleration | 0a | single | It is one of those questions where if we keep searching for reference, we get more and more confused whereas the answer lies is front of our eyes and we all know it.
All of you know — contraction stress test
“The contraction stress test (CST) is based on the response of FHR to uterine contractions, with the premise tha... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
df62defc-fa0b-453a-a7d1-f03a08a67047 | A person taking tricyclic antidepressants presents with blurred vision and dry mouth. These adverse effects results due to blockade of: | M3 muscarinic receptors | GABA receptor | H1 histamine receptors | 5HT2 receptors | 0a | single | Anticholinergic adverse effects of TCAs include dry mouth, constipation, blurring of vision, urinary retention, etc. REF:KD TRIPATHI 8TH ED. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
f52042bd-6103-41d2-8a91-ba19ef569745 | A women noticed mass in her left breast with bloody discharge. Histopathology revealed duct ectasia.Treatment is? | Simple mastectomy | Microdochotomy | Lobectomy | Hadfield operation | 3d | single | null | Surgery | null |
d4f6394c-4037-4d21-814c-34026fee9038 | Which stage of LGV infection is associated with bubo | First stage | Second stage | Third stage | Throughout all stages | 1b | multi | LGV infection:Primary stage:Small, painless, papulovesicular (Ext.genitalia)Usually unnoticedI/P: 3 days to 5 weeksSecondary stage:About 2 weeks later- lymphatic spread to draining lymph nodesMen -Inguinal L.N women -Intrapelvic & Para rectal nodesBubo(enlarge, suppurate, adherent to the skin)- break down- sinuses - di... | Pathology | All India exam |
66edb6c1-0e05-4cdd-b90a-3e541f79ab8e | Mental ability to make valid will is | Vicarious liability | Curren's rule is basis for this | Testamentary capacity | McNaughten's rule | 2c | single | C i.e. Testamentary capacity Testamentary capacity capacity is the mental ability oof a person to make a valid willQ (Sec 31 IPC Holograph Will Will written by a testator in own hand writing Mc Naughten/ Durham's/ Curren's - Rule Rules for criminal responsibility of insaneQ Vicarious Responsibility A master is responsi... | Forensic Medicine | null |
94195ab2-17ec-4424-8888-0b6be9dd5066 | Tumor that follows rule of 10 is - | Pheochromocytoma | Oncocytoma | c) Lymphoma | Renal cell carcinoma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pheochromocytoma Note-o Pheochromocytomas usually subscribe to a convenient "rule of 10s":-10% of pheochromocytomas arise in association with one of several familial syndromes. These include the MEN-2A& MEN-2B syndromes, type I neurofibromatosis, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome & Stuige-Weber syndrome.10% ... | Unknown | null |
2b25140a-8ab7-4449-98c6-565884429575 | Annual infection rate of tuberculosis is defined as ? | Percentage of total patients positive for tuberculin test | Percentage of new patients positive for tuberculin test | Percentage of sputum positive total patients | Percentage of sputum positive new patients | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Percentage of new patients positive for tuberculin test Epidemiological indices of tuberculosis Indices or parameters are needed to measure the tuberculosis problem in a community as well as for planning and evaluation of control measures. The following epidemiological-indices are used in tuberculosis... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
f59d0e58-c3d0-4eb6-aa5c-6a7f6c08fb98 | Deficiency of surfactant is seen in - | BPD | Neonatal asphyxia | HMD | Anencephaly | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., HMDEtiopathogenesis of HMD o Surfactant deficiency (decreased production and secretion) is the primary cause of RDS.o Normally surfactant helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli ---> In the absence of surfactant, surface tension increases and alveoli collapse during expiration.Why HMD is more c... | Pediatrics | null |
495fac11-3113-4791-afdd-34f3c7c91c20 | Parosmia is: | Perversion of smell sensation | Absolute loss of smell sensation | Decreased smell sensation | Perception of bad smell | 0a | single | (a) Perversion of smell sensation(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 639)Parosmia is perversion of smell sensation. Here good smell appears bad to the patient.Absolute loss of smell sensation is called anosmia.Decreased smell sensation is called hyposmia. Normal age related decline in smell sensation is presbyosmia.Phantosmia is ... | ENT | Congenital Lesions and Stridor |
35d651f2-47c6-4fe0-af6b-87183cd332f8 | Hemotoxylin bodies are seen in ? | SLE | PAN | RA | Wegners granulomatosis | 0a | single | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many pas of the body. Symptoms vary between people and may be mild to severe. Common symptoms include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, ... | Pathology | General pathology |
93831bde-04f3-4cff-b9e7-1ac229de1091 | Which of the following is not true about Carvedilol? | b1 + b2 + a1 adrenergic receptor blocker | Oral bioavailability is almost 80% | Has antioxidant propey | Cardioprotective in CHF | 1b | multi | Oral bioavailability of carvedilol is 30%. It is primarily metabolized and has a t1/2 of 2-8 hrs. | Pathology | All India exam |
f27878cb-cfff-496e-aa1d-e05be64e9298 | About CSF following statement (s) is/are true | The dura is attached firmly to bone | CSF has a net weight of 1400g | Total volume of CSF is 150 ml | Daily production is 550 ml/day | 1b | multi | CSF has a net weight of only 50 g In humans, the volume of CSF is about 150 mLThe rate of CSF production is about 550 mL/day. The dura is attached firmly to boneRef: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No: 572 | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
da80790d-0b5d-4d13-be51-8d189a071f1f | The drug available for the treatment of resistant cases of atrial fibrillation is? | Amiodarone | Quinidine | Propranolol | Digoxin | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Amiodarone o Amiodarone is used to maintain sinus rhythm when other drugs have failed. | Pharmacology | null |
dd5e8a64-944b-4a83-9dc0-4a7f61ad54d1 | Epinephrine is formed from? | Methionone | Tyrosine | Valine | Glycine | 1b | multi | Tyrosine is the precursor for the synthesis of catecholamines namely dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. | Biochemistry | null |
7d04174c-5cd7-4a72-88c3-d1b47ef4a768 | Cancer cachexia is due to? | TNF-a | IL-5 | IL-8 | Phopholipase A2 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., TNF-a "Factors that have been most strongly associated driving skeletal muscle catabolism in cancer patients include tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and Proteolysis-inducing factor (P1F)."Factors associated with cancer cachexiaa) Tumor Factors (produced by tumor cells)i) Proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF... | Pathology | Clinical Aspects of Neoplasia |
0e3be905-bd3d-4233-8edc-08b71f8f424a | The safest instrument for removing the pulp from the very fine canal is: | Barbed broach | Small K type file | Tempered universal Headstroem file | Smooth broach | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
682dcf95-ff1d-45b0-b3f8-a80d6fcdf2a1 | A girl was killed and her body was taken for embalming. Constituents of a typical embalming solution are all, EXCEPT: | Wintergreen | Glycerine | Formalin | HCl | 3d | multi | Embalming is the treatment of the dead body with antiseptics and preservatives to prevent putrefaction. This process coagulates the proteins, fixes the tissues, bleaches and hardened the organs and the blood is conveed into a brownish mass. Constituents of a typical embalming solution: Formalin Sodium borate Sodium cit... | Forensic Medicine | null |
c46e63ec-7f03-414f-ac97-bc11aea57d5d | Modified Glasgow coma scale defines neurologic impairment in terms of: | Pupillary size, level of consciousness and motor function | Speech, cardiovascular status a consciousness | Sensory, motor function and speech | Eye opening, best verbal response and motor function | 3d | single | (D) Eye opening, best verbal response and motor function > Scale comprises three tests: eye, verbal and motor responses. The three values separately as well as their sum are considered.> Lowest possible GCS (the sum) is 3 (deep coma or death), whilst the highest is 15 (fully awake person).> Best eye response (E):> Ther... | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous |
28c08b9b-04d4-4665-94a0-7ac7d3a321a1 | Best drug for chronic gout in patient with renal impairment is: | Naproxen | Probenecid | Allopurinol | Sulfinpyrazone | 0a | multi | NSAIDs like naproxen have no role in chronic gout
Uricosuric drugs like probenecid and sulfinpyrazone are ineffective in the presence of renal insufficiency
Allopurinol is drug of choice for most cases of chronic gout. | Pharmacology | null |
f9cc40e2-5e1d-4db8-891c-3418155488a8 | What percent of cases with blunt injury to kidney require surgical exploration | 20% | 90% | 50% | 70% | 0a | single | The nearest correct option is A . The thing to be rembered is percentage of cases with surgical exploration in cases of renal trauma is very less The vast majority of cases of blunt renal trauma can be treated conservatively and in one major series only 2.5% of such cases required surgical exploration. Most penetrating... | Surgery | Urology |
62dcbcb6-1359-4cfc-af61-e9fa72c4a2e1 | Specific stain for fat cells is | Eosin & haematoxylin | Carbol fuschin | Sudan III | Cresyl violet | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
4762c893-4c34-485d-ac7a-2aac1771658e | A 40-year-old woman had several episodes of rheumatic fever as a child. She is currently afebrile and feels well, and has come to a hospital for monitoring echocardiography. Which of the following findings would MOST likely be seen in this patient's mitral valve? | Ballooning of valve leaflets | Fibrous bridging between thickened, calcified leaflets | Irregular beads of calcification in annulus | Large bulky vegetation with adjacent leaflet perforation | 1b | multi | Acute rheumatic fever is a multisystem inflammatory disease that can follow group A streptococcal pharyngitis. The hea is a primary target of this disease and may be damaged sufficiently to develop permanent sequelae. The most impoant of these sequelae is chronic rheumatic hea disease with valvular damage. The damage m... | Pathology | null |
4d178bea-4222-4822-9c4c-f9ed6c79cbb9 | Lysine is deficient in | Cereals | Pulses | Jowar | Soyabean | 0a | single | Ans. a (Cereals). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th/pg.426)# Cereals are deficient in lysine and have poor nutritive value.# Cereal and pulse proteins complement each other and provide a more balance and "complete" protein.# Germinating pulses, however, contain higher concentration of vitamins, especially vitamin C and B; pulses a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and Health |
2189275b-0582-47f4-8499-8e8616165c90 | During endoscopic surgery the position of patient is | Trendelenberg | Lateral | Reverse trendelenberg | Lithotomy | 2c | single | The reverse Trendelenburg position is one in which a person is lying supine with the head elevated higher than the rest of the body and the feet suppoed with a foot board. It is the opposite of the Trendelenburg position, in which a person is placed in a supine position with the foot of the bed raised about 30 to 45 de... | Surgery | Urology |
fa7d25b9-4be9-47e4-badd-5dfb6c14b903 | Which pox wont grow in egg, animal cells - | Cow pox | Vaccinia | Variola | Molluscum | 3d | single | Molluscum cannot be grown in eggs, tissue cultures or animals. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:465 | Microbiology | Virology |
c4f3f0e0-c12d-466c-9f3d-d15457624817 | A 46-year-old woman presents with insidious onset of shoness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Chest X-ray films reveal bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and enlarged hilar lymph nodes. A biopsy of one of these lesions shows non-necrotizing granulomas. Special stains for fungi and mycobacteria are negative. The patient... | Asbestosis | Berylliosis | Byssinosis | Sarcoidosis | 3d | single | The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is usually made by exclusion. This disease is characterized by non-necrotizing granulomas developing most frequently in the lungs, lymph nodes, retina, hea, spleen, skin, and liver. Non-necrotizing granulomas may be seen in a number of other conditions, such as infections and ceain forms of... | Pathology | null |
8e151a5f-4e2b-4693-8adc-4999e14fd1f8 | Which of the following drug induces parkinsonism? | Chlorpheniramine | Chlorpromazine | Chloroquine | Chlorhexidine | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
20bad502-7d2a-415b-a5f9-5677edc1dc17 | Aspirin in low doses produces long lasting inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase because: | Platelet contain low quantity of COX | Platelets cannot synthesize fresh COX molecules | Platelets bind aspirin with high affinity | Platelet COX is inducible | 1b | single | Aspirin in low doses irreversibly inhibits COX enzyme in platelets and the endothelium. Platelets lack nucleus and thus cannot regenerate COX whereas endothelium can synthesize fresh enzyme. Net effect of this process is the inhibition of platelet cox and thus, TXA2 synthesis. Low TXA2 level results in the anti-aggrega... | Pharmacology | NSAIDs, Gout and Rheumatoid Ahritis |
90e25bc7-a9c7-442b-8c2a-96eb01b7770f | A 7 year old girl is brought with complaints of generalized swelling of the body. Urinary examination reveals Grade 3 proteinuria and the presence of hyaline and fatty casts. She has no history of Hematuria. Which of the following statements about her condition is true: | No IgG deposits or C3 deposition on Renal biopsy | Her C3 levels will be low | IgA Nephropathy is the likely diagnosis | Alpo's syndrome is the likely diagnosis | 0a | multi | Answer is A (No IgG Deposits or C3 deposition on Renal biopsy) The presence of generalized edema significant proteinuria and absence of hematuria in a young (7 year old) girl suggests a diagnosis of Nephrotic syndrome. Minimal change disease (Lipoid nephrosis) is the commonest cause of Nephrotic syndrome in children an... | Medicine | null |
7041a5be-1a1f-4b36-9551-20e2fc0ba45a | Which of the following is an atypical antipsychotic? | Clozapine | Chlorpromazine | Thioridazine | Haloperidol | 0a | single | (Ref: KD Tripathi, 7th ed. pg. 440-41)Classification of typical vs atypical antipsychoticsTypical/Classical antipsychoticsMOA: D2 receptor blocking* Phenothiazines: Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine, Trifluperazine, Fluphenazine, Perphenazine* Thioxanthenes: Flupenthixol, Zuclopenthixol, Thiothixene* Butyrophenones: Flalope... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
4c23a225-ea20-439b-a29f-c15c3a3ea0b4 | Which among the following is NOT a second messenger? | cAMP | cGMP | Ca | G- Protein | 3d | single | Calcium is used as second messenger in systems involving G proteins and inositol triphosphate. Second messengers include 3', 5'-cAMP, synthesized from ATP by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase in response to the hormone epinephrine, and Ca2+, which is stored inside the endoplasmic reticulum of most cells. Other second messeng... | Biochemistry | null |
a67b4275-7b4b-4aa1-b02b-0456b052426f | Which of the following does not suggest postoperative infection? | Increase in temperature | Swelling | Pain | Pitting edema | 3d | single | null | Surgery | null |
3fdc13ba-1858-431a-aa73-cd0ed8763202 | Most common determinant of energy expenditure in a resting state is: | Lean Body Mass | Adipose tissue | Resting Hea Rate | Exercise | 0a | single | Energy expended in the resting state depends primarily on the lean body mass and the metabolic cost for processing ingested nutrients. Ref: New Developments in Obesity Research By Lawrence F. Ditmier, Page 131; Handbook of Obesity: Etiology and Pathophysiology By George A. Bray, Page 705 | Biochemistry | null |
b3515116-9c0a-4df0-bd88-a0acb445f0b8 | Spontaneous pneumothorax is seen ina) Smokersb) Male sexc) Exercised) Short stature | ac | a | ad | ab | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
c170ccc1-2dae-4adc-b147-d71474c10dc4 | The following are live attenuated vaccines, except - | BCG | Oral typhoid | Measles | Pertussis | 3d | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
3ccc7743-d4df-4c05-85e9-f70162e4604c | Rigor mortis can be simulated by - | Cadaveric spasm | Algor mortis | Adipocere | Livor mortis | 0a | single | null | Forensic Medicine | null |
c66eb51c-3896-4a53-92cb-993d5b816877 | Posterior right subhepatic intraperitoneal space is | Lesser sac | Hepatorenal pouch | Superior pa of supracolic compament | Morrison's pouch | 3d | single | Posterior right subhepatic intraperitoneal space is called morrison&;s pouch. Morison&;s pouch is the space that separates the liver from the right kidney. As a potential space, the recess is not filled with fluid under normal conditions. However, fluid can collect in this space in circumstances where the abdomen fills... | Surgery | General surgery |
842d162c-9a49-41b4-ae71-38eefa0ba682 | Field defect seen in pituitary adenoma- | Bitemporal hemianopia | Binasal hemianopia | Quadrantanopia | "Pie in sky" defect | 0a | single | Bitemporal hemianopia. Sagittal (central) lesions of the chiasma. These are characterised by bitemporal hemianopia and bitemporal hemianopic paralysis of pupillary reflexes. These usually lead to paial descending optic atrophy. Common causes of central chiasmal lesion are: suprasellar aneurysms, tumours of pituitary gl... | Ophthalmology | Neuro-ophthalmology |
220ca02a-a35d-4e6c-9a3a-d3354f4af2a8 | A 44-year-old man sustains a myocardial infarction, and is admitted to the hospital from the emergency room. Serum chemistries reveal two-fold elevation of his LDL cholesterol. He is prescribed lovastatin, which acts by inhibiting which of the following enzymes? | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I | Hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase | Pyruvate dehydrogenase | 2c | single | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis, in which HMG-CoA (formed from 3 acetyl-CoA molecules) is reduced to mevalonic acid, using 2 NADPH. Lovastatin and pravastatin reduce cholesterol synthesis and lower serum cholesterol levels by inhibiting t... | Pharmacology | null |
157812c3-aa64-4095-8dea-25fcf38e0eed | A group of 7 expes discussing and interacting about a topic in front of large audience is known as? | Workshop | Symposium | Seminar | Panel discussion | 3d | single | A panel discussion is designed to provide an oppounity for a group to hear several people knowledgeable about a specific issue or topic present information and discuss personal views. A panel discussion may help the audience fuher clarify and evaluate their positions regarding specific issues or topics being discussed ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
235632e1-ec5e-4346-a3d2-4d91c60bc7a2 | Immunoflourosence of pemphigus vulgaris shows? | Linear IgG in BMZ | Granular IgG in BMZ | Fish net appearance | IgA deposition in dermal papillae | 2c | single | ANSWER: (C) Fish net appearanceREF: Fitz Patricks Dermatology, Sixth Edition Page 561, 563, 565 | Skin | Pemphigus |
397a4632-ca96-40f2-8877-f001377b1c66 | Which type of shift in intracranial content is common in children with progressive hydrocephalus – | Transforaminal herniation | Upward cerebellar herniation | Unilateral transtentorial herniation | Central transtentorial herniation | 3d | single | Central transtentorial (uncinate, mesial temporal) herniation occurs when the medial aspect of the temporal lobe is compressed against the free margin of tentorium cerebelli.
It can results in increased ICT and hydrocephalus. | Pediatrics | null |
aeac1e2a-c477-4e08-95da-42b781ef8926 | In a bimodal series, if mean is 2 and median is 3, what is the mode - | 5 | 2.5 | 4 | 3 | 0a | single | Mode is the most frequently occurring value in the distribution.
However sometimes, there are two (instead of one) most frequently occurring values in the distribution. This is known as bimodal distribution.
For bimodal distribution:-
Mode = 3 median – 2 mean
In the question median is 3 and mean is 2. Thus, Mode = 3 ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
e5283d62-8d70-440b-b66e-36216081fb7f | Disease of Sweat glands- | Fordyce's spot | Acne vulgaris | Fox-Fordyce's disease | None | 2c | multi | Fox Fordyce disease or Apocrine miliaria is seen in young adult women as pruritic papules in the apocrine areas Reference Harrison20th edition pg 1209 | Dental | Anatomy of skin |
934ebf67-590a-46ee-91f6-a51cff55a7e3 | Radionuclide scan done for Parathrroid adenoma is? | Sesta MIBI scan | Iodine-123 scan | 99mTc-sulphur colloid | Gallium scan | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) Sesta MIBI scanRef. Grainger and Allison 4thed p-1380 | Radiology | Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Salivary Gland Scintigraphy |
fe7573d1-038e-4b5a-b03f-b86cc950050c | GAS relates to : | How we achieve homeostasis | How well we adapt to new situations | Pattern followed by physiological response to stress | Path of stress ANS (autonomic nervous system) when we are aroused by a stressful situation | 3d | single | D i.e. Path of stress ANS (autonomic nervous system) when we are aroused by a stressful situation: General adaptation syndrome (GAS) is seen in stressful situationsQGeneral Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)- Hans Selye (1945) developed a model of stress that he called the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and postulated that t... | Psychiatry | null |
4792c5e5-e34a-45fd-9ee5-299676789fdb | The same screening test is applied to two comunities X and Y;Y shows more false + ye cases as compared to X. The possibility is - | High sensitivity | High specificity | Y community has high prevalence | Y community has low prevalence | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Y community has low prevalence o Same test is applied on two communities Sensitivity & Specificity, remain the same. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9d2a3fb3-0baf-44b2-bcc4-9f685b258d0c | Deficiency of vitamin D increases the risk of all Except | Colon cancer | Prostate cancer | Breast cancer | Lymphoma | 3d | multi | and muscle weakness. However, mildvitamin D deficiency is not necessarily associated with any symptoms. Vitamin D has been referred to as the "sunlight vitamin" because it is made in our skin when we are exposed to sunlight. | Pathology | General pathology |
b085c9c4-e0fa-4e62-a472-7e189fdf78f3 | Which of following is used for initial management of rectal prolapse in children? | Digital positioning | Trans-anal surgery | Injection sclerotherapy | Resection rectopexy | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Digital positioningRef: Bailey & Love 2&h ed. /1220* Patients who present with a prolapsed rectum should undergo manual reduction. Conservative management is appropriate in selected patients. Treatment should be directed to the underlying cause. After treating the underlying cause, conservative management is u... | Surgery | Rectal Prolapse |
97d65b83-24e9-45cc-ad3e-4f1f755dd37f | The operating temperature in an ethylene oxide sterilization during a warm cycle is | 49-63oC | 92- 110oC | 20-35oC | 68-88oC | 0a | single | Ethylene Oxide sterilization (High level disinfectant) Cold cycle stas at 37 + 5 oC Warm cycle stas at 54 + 5 oC ETO is Highly penetrating gas It is used for sterilizing plastic ,rubber paicles , Respirators, Hea lung machine , disposable plastic syringes , petri dishes Bacillus Globigi used as biological indicator for... | Microbiology | General Microbiology Pa-2 and Pa-3 (Sterilization and Bacterial Genetics) |
3a596ea7-e054-4471-9d72-ddbcb894cd07 | All of the following diseases are caused by Epstein Barr virus except: | Measles | Hodgkins lymphoma | Infectious mononucleosis | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 0a | multi | Epstein-Barr virus causes heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and B cell lymphoma (in patients with immunodeficiencies). Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Chapter 181 | Microbiology | null |
6f49754d-b459-4860-836b-2c9c646d9f7a | Mizuo-phenomenon is seen in - | Fundus albipathicus | Fundus flavimaculatus | Oguchis disease | Choroideremia | 2c | single | Oguchi disease is characterized by a golden-brown fundus with a yellow-gray 'metallic' sheen in the light-adapted state. After complete dark adaptation (3 to 12 hours), the fundus appears normal, and this disappearance of the shiny, yellow, fundus reflex is called the Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon. | Ophthalmology | Vitreous and retina |
9ec14d8a-8f21-407c-a6d3-eccc75ae3a96 | Which of the following anti-cancer drug comes under monoclonal antibodies: March 2013 | Di-ethyl-stilbestrol | Tamoxifen | Ritumixab | Boezomib | 2c | single | Ans. C i.e. Ritumixab Rituximab It is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of B cells. Rituximab destroys B cells, and is therefore used to treat diseases which are characterized by excessive numbers of B cells, overactive B cells, or dysfunctional B cells. Th... | Pharmacology | null |
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