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ea1af825-2c41-4c98-a4f4-0cfdb98fe33c | Narrowest part of esophagus is at? | Cricopharyngeal sphincter | At the Aortic constriction | At the crossing of left principal bronchus | At the diaphragmatic opening | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cricopharyngeal sphincter * The narrowest part of esophagus is its commencement at the cricopharyngeal sphincter. | ENT | Oesophagus |
64df6148-9253-41f8-82e5-7945409a9eff | In methyl alcohol poisoning there is CNS depression, cardiac depression and optic nerve atrophy. These effects are produced due to: | Formaldehyde and formic acid | Acetaldehyde | Pyridine | Acetic acid | 0a | single | Ans. (A) Formaldehyde and formic acid(Ref: Katzung 11/e p1024; KDT 8/e p422)Methyl alcohol (methanol) is metabolized to formaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then to formic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. These compounds are responsible for the toxicity. Formic acid can lead to coma and blindness also. Therefore, i... | Pharmacology | Opioids |
2d5c47eb-e457-4521-a53e-9a5273d3b107 | Selective Alpha 2a agonist is | Tizanidine | Terazosin | Yohimbine | Dexmedetomidine | 3d | single | Clonidine, Tizanidine are selective alpha 2 agonists. But dexmedetomidine is more selective acting on Alpha 2a receptors-cause sedation. Used as pre-anesthetic medication. Ref: H.L. Sharma 3rd ed Pg:179 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
f0afd75b-f033-4749-be54-eb1135d81752 | Management of Typical Febrile seizures include except | Sponging | Paracetamol Ibuprofen | Intermittent Diazepam | Prophylactic phenobarbitone | 3d | multi | Sponging, paracetamol ibuprofen ,intermittent diazepam are treated for febrile seizures Most children with typical febrile seizures do not require specific treatment except for vigorous antipyretic therapy during febrile illnesses. Children experiencing excessively frequent or prolonged febrile seizures may be treated ... | Pediatrics | Central Nervous system |
7d1b93a0-8f63-4a6a-b9a7-7415e4e063fe | Mineral with antioxidant property: | Molybdenum | Selenium | Copper | Zinc | 1b | single | Ans. b (Selenium). (Ref. Harper, Biochemistry, 25th ed., 659,766)SeleniumFeaturesConstituent of glutathione peroxidaseSynergistic anti-oxidant with vitamin EEssential trace elementSelenocysteine is an L--amino acid found in a handful of proteins. As its name implies, a selenium atom replaces the sulfur of its structura... | Biochemistry | Vitamins and Minerals |
c0e2841e-3208-4651-b549-27d70b797b2c | Tall R wave in ECG represents: | Right atrial overload | Left atrial overload | Right ventricular hypertrophy | All of the above | 2c | multi | Right ventricular hypertrophy due to a sustained, severe pressure load (e.g. due to right pulmonary valve stenosis or certain pulmonary artery hypertension syndromes) is characterized by a relatively tall R wave in lead V, (R >S wave), usually with right axis deviation. | Medicine | null |
0da5e389-8450-40de-9323-28d312d96287 | Best test for determining initial stage of renal insufficiency? | Serum creatinine | Creatinine clearance | Glomerular filtration rate | Serum urea | 0a | single | Serum creatinine REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17' edition chapter 274 The most impoant initial diagnostic step in the evaluation of a patient presenting with elevated serum creatinine is to distinguish newly diagnosed CKD from acute or subacute renal failure because the latter two conditions may respond to therapy... | Surgery | null |
cda02f98-ba04-488a-b315-7ff0faa4938c | Muscle relaxant of choice in patient suffering from chronic liver disease | Pancuronium | Atracurium | Mivacurium | Vecuronium | 1b | single | Atracurium is preferred in CLD patients since it is metabolised by Hoffmann elimination. | Anaesthesia | null |
366154db-4d54-4a4c-a6b0-d0d655f229ed | The most comprehensive indicator of cost-effective analysis is | Number of life years gained | Number of hea attacks avoided | QALYS gained | Cost per life year gained | 2c | single | Cost-benefit analysis, in which benefits are compared to cost of the program. The benefits are expressed in monetary termsA cost-effective analysis is similar to cost-benefit analysis except benefits are expressed in terms of results achievedThe most commonly used outcome measure is quality-adjusted life years (QALY)Pa... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health education & planning |
c1000c99-0563-4a2c-bd2b-0346d218fb06 | True about surgical wounds are all except | No antibiotics required in clean surgery | Incision of abscess is contaminated wound | Spillage of stomach content conves a clean contaminated case to a contaminated case | In clean contaminated wounds infections rate is < 10% | 1b | multi | Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis does not significantly reduce the frequency of postoperative wound infection in clean elective general surgical operations.So the routine prophylactic use of antibiotics in clean general surgical operations is not recommended. Incision of abscess comes under diy wounds. Infection rat... | Surgery | General surgery |
5faa05f6-8734-4439-aea9-7dc6d3a5318c | An investigator into the life expectancy of IV drug abusers divides a sample of patients into HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups. What type of data does this division constitute? | Nominal | Ordinal | Interval | Ration | 0a | single | Nominal data (also known as nominal scale) is a type of data that is used to label variables without providing any quantitative value. Given question is about HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups; since there is no order of characteristic and it cannot be measured directly. So,it can't be an ordinal data or metric data... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Variables, Scales |
4d7c90fc-0e78-4429-834e-749cbf46ad0a | Working formulation in staging of non-hodgkins lymphoma is based on: March 2010 | Morphology of cells | Cell surface markers | Survival characteristic of cells | Cellular genetics | 0a | single | Ans. A: Morphology of cells The 1982 Working formulation is a classification of non-hodgkin lymphoma. It excluded the Hodgkin lymphomas and divided the remaining lymphomas into four grades (Low, Intermediate, High, and Miscellaneous) related to prognosis, with some fuher subdivisions based on the size and shape of affe... | Medicine | null |
15bafd0c-8349-4d62-900e-e47c0b22530b | Which condition is associated with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia? | Male pseudohermaphroditism | Female pseudohermaphroditism | Female true hermaphroditism | Sequential pseudohermaphroditism | 1b | multi | (B) Female pseudohermaphroditism[?]Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism & virilization, & decreased cortisol synthesis owing to reduction or loss of 21-hydroxylase enzyme function is the most common biochemical cause of CAH.ABERRANT SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION DEVELOP... | Pediatrics | Endocrinology |
822b83e3-02e2-40ed-b749-eae4d6989603 | Which of these is not responsible for removal of free radicals? | Catalase | Superoxide Dismutase | NADPH oxidase | Glutathione peroxidase | 2c | single | Ans. (c) NADPH oxidase(Ref: R 9th/pg 48; 8th/pg 13,14)AntioxidantsEnzymesNon enzymes* Catalase- Present in peroxisomes Q decomposes H2 O2 Antioxidants- vitamins E, A and C glutathione in the cytosol.*. Superoxidase dismutases: O2- to H2 O2 *. Manganese-SOD, which is localized in mitochondria,*. Copper-zinc-SOD, which i... | Pathology | Cellular Pathology |
14807146-532f-4f17-8d9e-7295353e0f97 | All are true about central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) except? | Most commonly occurs due to thromboembolism | Anterior chamber paracentesis is used for treatment | Sudden painful loss of vision | Occurs due to obstruction of retinal artery at the level of lamina cribrosa | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) Most commonly occurs due to thromboembolism; (c) Sudden painful loss of visionRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 559, 563* Presentation is with sudden and profound loss of vision, Painless, except in Giant cell arteritis* Atherosclerosis related thrombosis at the level of lamina cribrosa is by far the most common underlying ... | Ophthalmology | Retina |
8cfb88de-e5af-4098-a991-95f7421e9f44 | Pseudomonas exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting ? | RNA polymerase | EF-2 | Transpeptidase | Reverse transcriptase | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., EF-2 Exotoxin 'A' of P. aeruginosa inhibits protein synthesis through interference with adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of elongation factor - 2. Remember Bacterial toxins inhibiting protein synthesis : Exotoxin A of P aeruginosa Shiga toxin (Shigella) Diphtheria toxin Shiga like toxin or verocytot... | Microbiology | null |
8ff8bad5-78b1-4fdb-b554-ff2388eb83f7 | Filigree burn occur in - | Lightening | Electrocution | Vitrilage | Infanticide | 0a | single | FILIGREE BURNS OR ARBORESCENT OR LICHTENBERG'S FLOWERS: occur due to lightning injury These are superficial thin irregular and touous markings on the skin resemble branches of a tree the fernlike pattern of erythema in the skin usually on shoulders and flanks may develop instantly or within a few minutes CAUSES: 1. Sta... | Forensic Medicine | Thermal injury |
c2eca0ac-9edd-4e24-b133-e07db32537d6 | Wave length of UV A2 rays is | 200nm to 280nm | 280nm to 320nm | 320nm to 340nm | 340nm to 400nm | 2c | single | Ultraviolet light * Ultraviolet light (UV) is made up of: # Vacuum UVC (10-200 nm) # UVC (200-280 nm) # UVB (280-320 nm) # UVA (320-400 nm) divided into UVAII (320-340 nm) and UVAI (340-400 nm). Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-13 | Dental | Anatomy of skin |
db556d10-d11f-4e2f-ba5e-5c8a290988f3 | Which of the following is not a step in the ‘three step build up’ of direct filling gold? | Tie formation | Stepping | Shoulder formation | Banking of walls | 1b | multi | A. Three step build-up for the restoration
“Tie formation”
This involves connecting two opposing point angles or starting points filled with gold with a transverse bar of gold. Such a “tie” forms the foundation for any restoration in direct gold. Of course, its resistance to displacement should be tested before proce... | Dental | null |
c3087429-89c2-45fc-b057-9c303ee32c3e | Soft tick transmits – | Relapsing fever | KFD | Tularemia | Indian tick typhus | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
6f056e62-98db-47ff-a6a4-68e8c8376f5b | Helitrope rash is seen in: | SLE | Lichen Planus | Pitryiasis alba | Dermatomyositis | 3d | single | Dermatomyositis | Skin | null |
c66d007e-cf0e-43d6-80a4-aff82c4432e7 | Hypoglossal nerve is related to - | Digastric triangle | Carotid triangle | Both | None | 2c | multi | Hypoglossal nerve is a content of both digastric and carotid triangles. | Anatomy | null |
3cdb9aa3-6672-451b-9ea1-f5d72c5cbaa3 | Not true about content composition of an Egg is:- | 6 grams proteins | 6 grams fat | 1.5 mg Iron | 150 mg Cholesterol | 3d | multi | Egg composition: - 6g - Fat - 6g - Protein - 30 mg - Calcium - 1.5 mg - Iron - 70 Kcal - Energy - 250 mg - Cholesterol Also remember, egg is Richest sources of cholesterol. Height NPU (Net protein utilization) - 96, hence known as reference protein. Poor In carbohydrates & vit c. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Proteins, Fats, Rich Sources |
4bac1d95-0c18-458b-bd17-abaddd1e612d | Obstruction to the flow of CSF at the aqueduct of sylvius will most likely lead to enlargement of: | All of the ventricles | Only lateral ventricle | Only fouh ventricle | Both lateral and third ventricles | 3d | multi | . Both lateral and third ventricles | Pathology | null |
744c1560-69dd-4ce9-9883-85985f771316 | Pulmonary veins develops from: | 6th aoic arch | Primitive left atrium | Left common cardinal vein | Left vitelline vein | 1b | single | Development of pulmonary veinsAt 27-29 days' gestation, the primitive pulmonary vein appears as an endothelial out-pouching from either the posterior superior left atrial wall or from the central pa of the sinus venosus proximal to the primordial lung venous plexus.Connection between the primitive pulmonary vein and pu... | Anatomy | null |
3969cd6f-11af-4e16-b478-f5c3eb751b82 | Which of the following are alkylating agents: | Cyclophosphamide | Ifosfamide | Paclitaxel | Methotrexate | 0a | single | ALKYLATI NG AGE NTS These compounds produce highly reactive carbonium ion intermediates which transfer alkyl groups to cellular macromolecules by forming covalent bonds. The position 7 of guanine residues in DNA is especially susceptible, but other molecular sites are also involved. Alkylation results in cross linking/... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
d3cab309-67df-43d1-931e-07423529ac6b | Average gain in length in first year is | 25cms | 50cms | 75cms | 100cms | 0a | single | Length at bih- 50cms At 3 months- 60cms At 6 months- 65cms At the end of 1st yr- 75cms Hence gain in length in first year is (75-50= 25cms) Ref: Ghai,9th edition, Table 2.1 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
c12d893b-29df-4e9f-b40d-4a1e717885c3 | A 63-year-old woman presents with symptoms of palpitations and atrial flutter on the ECG. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of this arrhythmia? | atrial asystole | atrial bigeminy | right atrial macro-reentry | AV nodal reentry | 2c | single | Atrial flutter is characterized by regular atrial activation with an atrial rate of > 240 beats/min. The ventricular response depends on the conduction of the AV node, usually there is 2:1 or 3:1 conduction. It is now known that the predominant mechanism for atrial flutter is right atrial macro reentry with circular ac... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
802b374d-852f-417f-a9a0-0f2872e9807c | Autosomal recessive disease have incidence of 1/ 250000 in a population. What is the carrier state of population? | 1\/250 | 1\/500 | 1\/1000 | 1\/5000 | 0a | single | .incidence is calculated as the total number new cases in a given time period divided by population at risk during that period.multiplied by 1000.so here total no of carrier states is given by 1divided by 250000 multiplied by 1000,that is 1/250. ref:park&;s textbook,ed 22,pg no 58 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
d69d0cb7-70cb-4779-bfa8-642255db074c | The laryngeal mask airway allows positive pressure ventilation with maximum pressure of:- | 10 cm H2O | 20 cm H2O | 30 cm H2O | 40 cm H2O | 1b | multi | The LMA allows a positive pressure of 20 cm of H2O for ventilation . | Anaesthesia | Airway |
11e7f1db-d167-428d-81ab-31942273c6a2 | Elderly primi is above : | 30 years | 35 years | 37 years | 45 years | 0a | multi | 30 years | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
88ca5ced-be9a-4e13-89e9-5e392e51c219 | Shoulder pain post laparoscopy is due to | Subphrenic abscess | CO2 retention | Positioning of the patient | Compression of the lung | 1b | single | Laparoscopy Needle used for pneumoperitoneum : Veress needle Most commonly used gas: CO2 Flow of gas : 1L/min Intra abdominal pressure : 12-15mmHg Trocar is inseed at or just below the umbilicus penetrating skin, superficial & deep fascia, fascia transversalis & parietal peritoneum Post-laparoscopy shoulder pain is due... | Surgery | Urology |
aaa25c23-c516-4556-95fd-c7de66517389 | A 20 year old primigravida is admitted with-term pregnancy and labour pains. At 4.00 AM she goes into active labor. Membrance rupture during p/v exmination showing clear liquor. A repeat p/v examination after 4 hours of good uretine contractions reveals cervical dilataion of 5 cm. What should be the next step in manage... | Reassess after 4 hours | Immediate cesarean section | Oxytocin drip | Reassess for occipitoposterior position and cephalopelvic dispropoion | 3d | multi | Reassess for occipitoposterior position and cephalopelvic dispropoion | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3de6c2e1-a9d9-43a2-9e67-00d621063fc7 | All of the following statements about mosquito are true except - | It is definitive host in malaria | It is a definitive host in filaria | Its life cycle is completed in 3 weeks | The female can travel upto 3 kilometers | 1b | multi | Man is the definitive host and mosquito is the intermediate host of Bancroftian and Brugian filariasis. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 832 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
f532b438-499f-4393-a9b8-2f5ca7e40fcf | First line of treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal woman? | Estrogen | Calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Bisphosphonates | Ulipristal | 0a | single | Hormone replacement therapy is cornerstone in both prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis in menopausal women. Estrogen delays and protects against osteoporosis by 50% in all skeletal and not limited to trabecular bones of spine, wrist and upper hip. Rest of the drugs used in H for osteoporosis are natural estrogens... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | NEET Jan 2020 |
d6965863-85d6-48bc-aeb7-7c60adc057a1 | Medical etiquettes are between which of the following categories? | Medical professionals | Medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies | Medical professionals and patients | Pharmaceutical companies and patients | 0a | single | Medical etiquette deals with the conventional laws of couesy observed between members of the medical profession. A doctor should behave with his colleagues as he would have them behave with himself. Ethical behaviour is a self-imposed duty upon each doctor. A doctor should not criticise or denigrate the professional ab... | Forensic Medicine | null |
a8c1f063-4198-460e-9f6e-ec7dd479869b | Drugs used in GTCS is/are: | Ethosuximide | Sodium-valproate | Lamotrigine | Propofol | 1b | single | Carbamazepine, phenytoin are the first line drugs in GTCS. Valporate, phenobarbitone are the second choice of drugs. Alternative/add on drugs are Lamotrigine, Gabapentine, topiramate, methadone, levetiracetam. Ethosuximide is used in absent seizures. Propofol is a general anesthetic. Ref: K D Tripati 8th edition Table ... | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
a60b3f09-a256-473f-874c-13843e7949b9 | Which of the following is the best parameter for monitoring septic shock? | Central venous pressure (CVP) | Vasopressor requirement | Urine output | Serum lactate | 3d | single | Definitions of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock Sepsis category Sepsis-3 2001 Sepsis CMS Sep-1 Sepsis SOFA score> 2 + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection Severe Sepsis Not applicable Sepsis + organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension Sep... | Surgery | Shock |
2260a490-3872-414f-8d18-6897cc830163 | 'Foification spectra' are feature of NOT RELATED-PATHOLOGY | Mature cataract | Immature cataract | Amaurosis Fugax | Migraine | 3d | single | . | Pharmacology | All India exam |
a10086e5-7d48-47f1-93bf-bb54738e8688 | Strength of wound after 2 months is governed by- | Collagen cross linking | Excess collagen deposition | Both 'a' and 'b' | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Collagen cross linking Wound strengtho At the end of first week, wound strength is approximately 10% that of normal skin,o Strength increases rapidly over the next 4 weeks.o At the end of third months, the strength reaches a plateau of about 70 to 80% of the normal skin, a condition that may persist f... | Unknown | null |
b9adb904-3d65-4232-bd5e-7464095fd280 | Agent of first choice in an acute attack of Prinzmetal's angina is: | Diltiazem | Nitrates | Propranolol | Verapamil | 1b | single | Answer is B (Nitrates) "Sublingual nitroglycerine is the drug of choice" -- CMDT Nitrates decrease aeriolar and venous tone, reduce preload and afterload, and reduce the oxygen demand of the hea. Nitrates may also improve myocardial blood flow by dilating collateral channels in the presence of increased vasomotor tone,... | Medicine | null |
bb29358c-c5bd-44de-9783-0142725933ce | Which of the following is a cognizable offence | Ragging | Robbery | Dowry death | All of the above | 3d | multi | Refer the byte "Cognizable and Non cognizable offences". | Forensic Medicine | null |
b4f809c7-5795-4539-876c-10b5edd3f088 | A 53-year-old woman with ovarian tumor presents with breathlessness and right-sided chest pain. The chest X-ray shows obliteration of the right costophrenic angle. Diagnosis? | Pleurisy | Pericarditis | Myocardial infarction | Parapneumonic effusion | 0a | single | Ans. A PleurisyRef. CMDT 2019 pg. 323Ovarian tumor (Fibroma and thecoma) can be associated with a right-sided pleural effusion (Meigs syndrome). The obliteration of CP angle on X-ray is another pointer for pleural involvement of this patient. | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
8dc4bb7c-63cd-4f19-83c7-36fa49ca2a30 | All of the following statements about Philadelphia Chromosome in CML are true, except: | Reciprocal translocation between long arm of chromosome 9 and long arm of chromosome 22 | The breakpoint cluster region (BCR) is located on the long arm of chromosome 22 | The ABL gene is located on chromosome 9 | The Philadelphia chromosome with the oncogenic BCR-ABL gene is found on chromosome 9 | 3d | multi | Answer is D (The Philadelphia chromosome with the oncogenic BCR-ABL gene is found on chromosome 9) The Philadelphia chromosome with the oncogenic BCR-ABL gene fusion is the truncated chromosome 22 (and not chromosome 9). The Philadelphia chromosome results from a reciprocal translocation between the ABL-1 oncogene on t... | Medicine | null |
c35351bf-eda3-421a-9a7f-fde7cafb99db | Not a predisposing factor for Ca esophagus: | Diverticula | Human papilloma virus | Mediastinal fibrosis | Caustic ingestion | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
71e6cf11-8083-4e58-bf59-17374d0faf2d | Post-styloid space of parapharyngeal space contains all, EXCEPT: | Cranial nerve IX | Cranial nerve XII | Parotid | Lymph nodes | 2c | multi | The parapharyngeal space is a potential space, shaped like an inveed pyramid spanning the skull base to the hyoid. The boundaries of the space are separated by the styloid process and its associated fascial attachments into the "prestyloid" and "poststyloid" compaments. The contents of the prestyloid space are the paro... | Surgery | null |
aed19727-76da-4f32-a5c4-35ababd97ad7 | Which of the following is used with local anesthetics to potentiate their action? | Adrenaline | Sodium bicarbonate | Both 1 & 2 | Dantrolene | 1b | multi | Adrenaline is a vasoconstrictor that prolongs duration of local anesthetics & prevents systemic toxicity.
Sodium bicarbonate speeds the action of local anesthetics by increasing the unionized form. | Pharmacology | null |
dc3df708-6f98-473a-9949-04b17af64089 | 8 yrs. old child presents with lethargy multiple epiphyseal breaks, wormian bones with growth retardation and mental retardation Diagnosis is? | Rickets | Hypothyroidism | Scurvy | Hypoparathyroidism | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' Hypothyroidism (Ref. : O.RGhai, 6/e, p 482 (5/e, p447))Presence of mental retardation, growth retardation and wormian bones clinch the diagnosis in favour of hypothyroidism.In Hypothyroidism both mental retardation * and growth retardation * are present andthe skull X-ray shows large fontanelle, wide suture... | Pediatrics | Thyroid Gland |
f170bff7-4d1d-4b15-a3bd-cb2f01f99534 | All are complication of PEEP except :- | Decreased urine ouput | Increased blood pressure | Increased intracranial pressure | Increased intrathoracic pressure | 1b | multi | Positive end expiratory pressure decreases venous return and decreases cardiac output and hence blood pressure decreases and decreased perfusion so urine output can reduce. Pulmonary barotrauma is a frequentcomplicationofPEEPtherapy. Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and interstitial emphysema may lead to rapid deterior... | Anaesthesia | Modes of Ventilation |
d4673e66-388e-4872-945e-975705c59ebf | Rate limiting step in Gluconeogenesis is catalyzed by - | Fructose -1,6 phosphatase | Glucokinase | Glycerol kinase | PDH | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fructose -1,6 phosphatase Rate limiting steps in various biochemical reactions taking place inside cells is of vital importance while formulating drugs to fight specific diseases affecting these reactions. So these rate-limiting steps are frequently asked in various entrance exams. Glycolysis - Phosph... | Unknown | null |
d3a2e830-d054-4a88-bd05-b39f4ec91368 | Differential force concept is mainly used in | Straight wire appliance | Lingual appliance | Begg's Light wire appliance | Frankel appliance | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
f93ed265-15dd-4d3e-865f-967a2bcb91d6 | A patient got his SBP reduced by 10mmHg when he stood up and he gained only 8mmHg. What was the gain? | –4 | 4 | –8 | 8 | 0a | single | Correction here is = –8mmHg
Error persists even after correction = 10 – 8 = +2
Gain = Correction / Error
= –8 / +2
= –4 | Physiology | null |
a805f0bf-4422-441d-b38e-dac940be5b00 | Triage refers to? | Availability of level of medical care | Categorization of patients according to level of severity | Medical personnel skill level | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is `b' i.e., Categorization of patients according to level of severity Triage consists of rapidly classifying the injured and the likelyhood of their survival with prompt medical intervention. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
e7b42c67-0ab5-4875-a782-022790026d48 | Lipoprotein involved in transfer of cholesterol from tissues to Liver is? | Chylomicron | LDL | VLDL | HDL | 3d | single | ANSWER: (D) HDLREF: Lippincott's biochemistry 4th Ed page 236See previous question | Biochemistry | Cholesterol and Lipoproteins |
0334c689-1ada-4eed-b40c-c93089815d23 | Common dose dependant side effects of ethambutol is : | Red-urine | Optic neuritis | Nephropathy | Peripheral neuropathy | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
86d35c03-dcd6-4ac0-af84-a032cf248e4e | Which type of pulmonary TB is most likely to give sputum positive - | Fibronodular | Pleural effusion | Cavitary | None | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cavitary "Sputum smears are usually positive in patients with laryngeal TB, endobronchial TB and cavitary pulmonary- TB"-- Kelley's"Patients with cavitary pulmonary TB have high bacterial load in their sputum " --Internet | Microbiology | Bacteria |
13ea4eda-a4c5-416a-8520-3400523d126e | Drug given for metaclopramidr induced dystonic reaction is: | Pheniramine | Promethazine | Chlorpropamide | Prochlorperazine | 1b | single | Acute muscle dystonia caused by antiemetic-antipsycotic drugs is promptly relieved by parentral promethazine or hydroxyzine.this is based on central anti cholinergic action of the drugs. Promethazine is an first generation anti histaminic which has maximum anticholinergic activity.(ref: KDT 6/ep157) | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract |
cfd32de0-0a9e-44b7-9a55-5b295180b6d7 | Run-Amok is a feature of : | Opium | Dhatura | Cannabis | Alcohal | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' ie Cannabis Run-amok: is a condition resulting from the continued use of cannabis or even its consumption for the first time.It is characterized by a frenzied desire to commit murders.A number of individuals are killed, the first ones being those against whom the assailant has some real or imaginary enmity,... | Forensic Medicine | Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques |
3e4bb450-9e6a-4fc3-9224-04b3f3fbe4e8 | Treatment of choice for uterine prolaspe in a 40-year- old married female with completed family? | Fothergill's operation | Abdominal Sling operation | Vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair | Ring pessary | 2c | single | Ans. C. Vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair. (Ref. Shaw Gynecology 15th/pg. 340; Novak's Gynecology 13th/pg. 290; Stenchever Gynecology 4,h/pg.580)UTERINE PROLAPSE# Woman < 20 yr old.unmarried=Sling Operation# Young Woman (20-40 yrs) of child bearing age = FothergilFs operation.# Woman > 40 yrs with completed... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
17d68a24-9269-4b75-89db-2951c5395621 | Ectopic rest of normal tissue is known as ? | Choristoma | Hamaoma | Pheudotumor | Lymphoma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Choristoma o Normally arranged tissue at a different anatomical site (ectopic site) --> Choristoma. o Abnormally arranged tissue present at normal site -->Hamaoma | Pathology | null |
be8950e6-2178-4f3c-888b-b671512ecca2 | A 13 years boy presented with swelling in the cheek with recurrent epistaxis. Most likely diagnosis is | Angiofibroma | Carcinoma nasopharynx | Rhabdomyosarcoma | None | 0a | multi | (Angio fibroma) (230-Dhingra 4th)* Nasopharyngeal Fibroma (Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma)Clinical features* Almost exclusively in male age 10-20 years* Profuse and recurrent epistaxis *** Progressive nasal obstruction and denasal speech* Conductive hearing and serous otitis media* Mass in the masopharynx* Other ... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
408c78e5-ee21-4c3c-9c13-e62d10e92964 | Not a sign/symptom of aconite poisoning: JIPMER 12 | Pain abdomen | Bradycardia | Hypeension | Diplopia | 2c | single | Ans. Hypeension | Forensic Medicine | null |
4a06c844-456c-40c0-a4d0-cfd113682e58 | True about anal membrane | Perforates at 6 weeks | Develops from anterior pa of cloacal membrance | Lies at proximal pa of proctodaeum | Covers urogenital sins | 2c | multi | Before the urorectal septum has an oppounity to fuse with the cloacal membrane, the membrane ruptures, exposing the urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal to the exterior. Later on, an ectodermal plug, the anal membrane, forms to create the lower third of the rectum. ref - Semantischolar.org ref - BDC vol2 | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
cec41ed3-2906-41e1-b0be-40d15d285368 | Which of the following is the predominant cell type in the intra-epithelial region of small intestinal mucosa? | Basophils | Plasma cells | B lymphocyte | T lymphocyte | 3d | multi | T lymphocyte predominantly of cytotoxic phenotype (CD8+) constitute the predominant cell type in the intra epithelial region of the mucosa of intestine. The lamina propria consist of helper T cells (CD4+) and educated B cells. Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th Edition, Page 804 | Pathology | null |
41935fc3-5202-40e2-a808-37c9bc21fe37 | A 6 year old boy has presented to you with progressive muscle weakness and difficulty in walking upstairs. He has difficulty in walking and has a waddling gait. On examinations Gower's sign is present and there is hypertrophy of calf muscles. His CPK is 10,000 IU. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis? | Duchenne Muscular dystrophy | Polymyositis | Dermatomyositis | Congenital myopathy | 0a | single | Ans. A. Duchenne Muscular hypertrophyDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe type of muscular dystrophy. The symptom of muscle weakness usually begins around the age of four in boys and worsens quickly. Females with a single copy of the defective gene may show mild symptoms. The disorder is X-linked recessive. Ea... | Pediatrics | Musculo Skeletal Disorders |
bccae052-34af-46c1-b700-23d8e4db0f26 | Contractile Dysfunction is the dominant feature of which of the following types of cardiomyopathies | Dilated cardiomyopathy | Restrictive cardiomyopathy | Hyperophic cardiomyopathy | Infiltrative cardiomyopathy | 0a | single | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1556 An enlarged left ventricle with decreased systolic function as mea- sured by left ventricular ejection fraction characterizes dilated car- diomyopathy ). Systolic failure is more marked than diastolic dysfunction. Although the syndrome of dilated cardiomyopathy has multiple etiologies, the... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
02ec3507-082a-460d-b3bf-78fa99cbb8a1 | Propaganda is : | Knowledge by active learning | Facilitates learning | Knowledge forced into the mind | Group discussion | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
ae930634-5a6f-478c-b147-a255b3d80c8f | Banana shaped gametocytes in peripheral smear are seen in infection with: | Plasmodium vivax | Plasmodium malaria | Plasmodium falciparum | Plasmodium ovale | 2c | single | Banana shaped or crescent shaped gametocytes are seen in P. Falciparum. | Microbiology | Parasitology Pa 1 (Protozoology) |
1f9e9e15-4f2b-44ea-a07b-de68505df6c2 | HLA marker of bechet's syndrome ? | HLA-B27 | HLA-DR5 | HLA-B51 | HLA-CW6 | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., HLA-B51 | Pathology | null |
43646b6e-74f8-4910-ba0c-b77c4d44b7b9 | Drug of choice for night shift workers insomnia is | Methylphenidate | Modafinil | Amitriptyline | Adrenaline | 1b | single | . | Anatomy | General anatomy |
84c0252e-fd7d-4338-a85b-1bf0f3fd9283 | Polyhydramnios not seen in - | Anencephalv | Renal agenesis | Hydropsfetalis | Chorioangioma of placenta | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Renal agenesis Etiology of Poivhvdrammoso Fetal anomaliesy Anencephalyy Open spina bifiday Esophageal or duodenal atresiay Facial clefts and neck massesy Hydropsfetalisy Aneuploidyo Placentay Chorioangioma of placentao Multiple pregnancyy Maternal diabetes: cardiac or renal disease. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Hydramnios and Oligo Hydramnios |
20c49653-2a4a-4fa4-899b-bb8c2ac09edf | Liver is divided into | 8 Couinaud segments | 7 Couinaud segments | 9 Couinaud segments | 10 Couinaud segments | 0a | single | null | Anatomy | null |
5389a7d1-c39c-487e-b45a-f6cc1b2b3bf1 | Treatment of choice of thoracic actinomycosis is: | Amphotericin B | Cotrimoxazole | Penicillin | Itraconazole | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' Penicillin Actinomycosis occur at different sites such as oro cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic.The drug of choice for all types of actinomycosis is penicillin. | Medicine | Bacteriology |
7dddda8d-03bd-473e-99e3-76e49ba99fdb | 28 yr old man presented with headache. CT head shows a low attenuation mass in left temporoparietal region which has similar density to CSF and shows no enhancement following contrast administration. Diffusion weighted MRI shows high signal. Which of the following is most probable diagnosis? | Migraine | Arachnoid cyst | Epidermoid cyst | Multiple sclerosis | 2c | single | When there is Diffusion Restriction, DW-MRI gives a bright signal and has low apparent Diffusion Coefficient(ADC value). Lesions showing Diffusion Restriction Infarct(Acute Infarct)- IOC Abscess Medulloblastoma & Other Cellularity Tumours Epidermoid Cyst There is free diffusion of water within arachnoid cysts therefore... | Radiology | Neuroradiology |
e8bf4b11-43e8-4f51-842c-deffb5daeda2 | Treatment of lepromatous leprosy is | Rifampicin + Dapsone | Rifampicin + Clofazimine | Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine | Rifampicin + Ofloxacin + Minocycline | 2c | single | Ans. c (Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine); (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 296)Recommended regimens of chemotherapy for Leprosy in adultsFORM OF LEPROSYMORE INTENSIVE REGIMENWHO RECOMMENDED REGIMENLepromatous(multibacillary)Rifampin (600 mg/d) for 3 years plus dapsone (100 mg/d) indefinitelyDapsone (100 mg/d self-administere... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
a5aa292b-244b-4b38-bae1-b3876cff3149 | Commonest hemorrhage following head injury: KCET 13 | Extradural hemorrhage | Subdural hemorrhage | Intracranial hemorrhage | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 1b | single | Ans. Subdural hemorrhage | Forensic Medicine | null |
a8fb4d9a-f7d3-409e-ad2f-fb86737748b4 | All of the following are associated with Atrioventricular block, except: | Hyperkalemia | Hypomagnesemia | Hypothyroidism | Cushing's syndrome | 3d | multi | Adrenal insufficiency is associated with Atrioventricular Block (Not cushing&;s syndrome). Metabolic/Endocrine Causes of AV Block: Hyperkalemia Hypermagnesemia Hypothyroidism Adrenal Insufficiency Ref: Harrison 19th edition Pg no: 1471 | Medicine | C.V.S |
3a60bf16-f9b8-4b10-a4c2-69b01f9c2450 | Mantle cell lymphoma are positive for all of the following except: | CD 23 | CD 20 | CD 5 | CD 19 | 0a | multi | Parameter CLL MCL SMZL/SL VL HCL FL PLL CD5 + + - - - - CD10 - -/+ - - + -/+ CD11c -/+ -/+ + + - + CD19 + + + + + + CD20 +(dim) +(bright) +(bright) +(bright) +(bright) +(bright) CD23 + -/+ -/+ - -/+ - CD79b - + - -/+ + + FMC7 - + + + + + Smlg +(dim) +(bright) +(bright) +(bright) +(bright) +(bright) CLL: Chronic lymphoc... | Pathology | Non Hodgkin Iymphoma |
5365471d-9e64-4d32-b7fa-398eb078935c | All are indicators of malignancy in a mammography except - | Nodular cacification | Speckled margin | Attenuated architecture | Irregular mass | 0a | multi | Answer (a) Nodular calcification | Surgery | null |
ccd9585e-f874-49d4-9cb8-c83db1a32479 | Substance for gluconeogenesis is | Glycogen | Acetyl CoA | Glycerol | Leucine | 2c | single | null | Biochemistry | null |
e1ecb597-1892-47a4-afcb-d192f8d77286 | Methimazole differ from propylthiouracil in all except- | Is secreated into milk | Has more volume of distribution | More protein bound | All | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., More protein bound | Pharmacology | null |
932762ce-99bc-41df-ba4c-c27edb8fb411 | The pathological feature in wegener's granulomatosis on renal biopsy is | Nodular glomerulosclerosis | Focal necrotising glomerulonephritis | Granulomas in the vascular wall | Granulomas in parenchyma of kidney | 1b | multi | Robins..... 'The renal lesions range from a mild/early disease, where glomeruli show acute focal neorosis with thrombosis of isolated glomerulas capillary loops (focal and segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis) where as advanced glomerular lesions are characterized by diffuse necrosis and partial cell proliferation ... | Pathology | null |
89e3ad1e-e099-44e7-a233-dfc7d4f237df | Dermatitis herpetifomis is associated with:- | HLA DR4 | HLA B8, HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 | HLA CW6 | HLA DR2 | 1b | single | Dermatitis herpetiformis occurs d/t gluten. HLA associated are: HLA B8 HLA A1HLA DQ2,DQ8, DR3 Psoriasis is associated with HLA CW6 | Dental | JIPMER 2018 |
32622299-fab0-427d-ab2a-e4de7aa4dbe1 | Most frequent site of metastasis in a case of Choriocarcinoma is: | Vagina | Liver | Lungs | Brain | 2c | single | Lungs | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
499ee636-e78e-4200-9cf6-614704a3f536 | Mechanism of action of Tubocurarine is | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Cause membrane depolarisation | Competitive antagonist of acetylcholine receptor | Inhibit opening of chloride channels | 2c | single | Tubocurarine is a non depolarizing muscle relaxant that competitively blocks action of Acetylcholine on its receptors. | Pharmacology | null |
1f5b8d55-56e5-474a-b7f6-9267a7374d2e | All are true regarding Menetrier's disease, EXCEPT: | Protein loss | Exophytic growth | Hyperophy of gastric mucosa | Premalignant condition | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Exophytic growth) Menetrier's disease is characterized hr hyperophy of gastric mucosa and not hr exoph;'tic growth. Menetrier's disease Menetrier's disease is a relatively rare disorder of the stomach characterized by lar e touous mucosal folds Etiology * Etiology is unknown * Over expression of growth fac... | Medicine | null |
d8611a75-1af9-44b0-af69-fcc8a709e84c | All of the following are true about Raynaud's disease except | More common in females | Positive antinuclear antibodies | Most common cause of raynaud's phenomenon | Has good prognosis | 1b | multi | Raynaud's disease is a rare disorder of the blood vessels, usually in the fingers and toes. It causes the blood vessels to narrow when you are cold or feeling stressed. When this happens, blood can't get to the surface of the skin and the affected areas turn white and blue. When the blood flow returns, the skin turns r... | Medicine | Immune system |
d659b7b8-77d2-4e63-a7fc-da258432bf26 | An example of rigid reversible impression material is | Agar-agar | Impression compound | Alginate | Impression paste | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
d37286f4-1e68-4aa6-b2fb-055bc5eefc87 | A patient is suspected to have vestibular shwanomma the investigation of choice for its diagnosis is - | Contrast enhanced CT scan | Gadolinium enhanced MRI | SPECT | PET scan | 1b | single | MRI – MRI with gadolinium contrast is the gold standard for the diagnosis or exclusion of vestibular Schwannoma | ENT | null |
ff7ab026-b632-491a-819f-81f5dca2176e | Ovulation is associated with sudden rise in | Testosterone | Prolactin | LH | FSH | 2c | single | Ovulation is associated with LH surge Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:641,642,643 | Physiology | Endocrinology |
38c32d39-8207-4c87-9e72-cc7bd7f64591 | All of the following changes are seen in pregnancy except : | Increased stroke volume | Increased cardiac output | Increased Intravascular volume | Increased peripheral vascular resistance | 3d | multi | CARDIAC OUTPUT: Increases from 5th week of pregnancy, reaches its peak 40-50% at about 30-34 weeks. Thereafter the CO remains static till term. CO is lowest in the sitting or supine position and highest in the right or left lateral or knee chest position. Cardiac output increases fuher during labor (+50%) and immediate... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
16dadec7-9674-417b-bd4c-3a9bf0d46600 | The structure found in a cross-section of the thorax at T4 veebra is : | Azygos vein | Brachiocephalic aery | Arch of the aoa | Left Subclan aery | 2c | single | C i.e. Arch of aoa | Anatomy | null |
cdc2f065-5402-46bf-b382-f0d7bce4df04 | Three point relationship is reversed in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: | Medial epicondyle fracture | Lateral epicondyle fracture | Supracondylar fracture | Posterior elbow dislocation | 2c | multi | The structures forming the three bony point around the elbow are medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle and tip of olecranon. Normally in an elbow flexed at 90 degree these three points forms a near isosceles triangle. Base is formed by the line joining the two epicondyles. The three points lies in a straight line when ... | Surgery | null |
98264bb5-6ccd-4f94-be06-99e5c6b5ebeb | A 40 year old female patient complains of breathlessness. Patient is pregnant (3rd trimester) and is on bed rest. This patient is under- | High risk for thrombosis | Low risk for thrombosis | Risk for primary thrombosis | No risk for thrombosis | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
427c26fd-b1a0-4a91-b494-089adb511bf8 | A 3-month-old infant is diagnosed with a membranous ventricular septal defect. A cardiac operation is performed, and the septal defect is patched inferior to the noncoronary cusp of the aorta. Two days postoperatively the infant develops severe arrhythmias affecting both ventricles. Which part of the conduction tissue ... | Right bundle branch | Left bundle branch | Bundle of His | Posterior internodal pathway | 2c | multi | The bundle of His is a collection of specialized cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical activity to the right and left bundle branches. Because both ventricles are affected, this is the logical site of injury, for this bundle leads to the bundle branches supplying both ventricles. An injury either to the right or l... | Anatomy | Thorax |
972fe014-2b06-45fd-8fce-496c2b8e1ef8 | The drug NOT used in psoriasis is | Psoralens | Chloroquine | Methotrexate | Coaltar | 1b | single | (B) Chloroquine # TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS: Locally by Topical coaltar.> Wide spread Psoriasis: by Ultraviolet fi-spectrum alone or along with coaltar (Geockerman regimen) or Anthranil (Ingram regimen)> Methotrexate Therapy: Methotrexate is drug of choice in Very Severe form of Psoriatic arthritis & Methotrexate is indic... | Skin | Miscellaneous |
6f802634-7d71-4d10-9c39-43a0b5f5961d | A 35 year old sailor from a merchant ship that has been cruising the Caribbean presents to a clinician because of painful, flocculent masses in his groin. Physical examination demonstrates multiple enlarged, abscessed lymph nodes draining through the skin indolent sinuses. The sailor describes previously having a small... | Condyloma acuminatum | Granuloma inguinale | Herpes virus infection | Lymphogranuloma venereum | 3d | multi | This is lymphogranuloma venereum. The only other commonly discussed sexually transmitted disease in which they can occur is chancroid. Histologically, the buboes of lymphogranuloma venereum are enlarged lymph nodes with stellate abscesses. The primary lesion is usually a self-healing papule or shallow ulcer. The causat... | Microbiology | null |
538445a6-e1bd-4ef9-a9d2-25f2bad31a6b | Both hyperplasia and hyperophy are seen in | Breast enlargement during lactation | Uterus during pregnancy | Skeletal muscle enlargement during exercise | Left ventricular hyperophy during hea failure | 1b | multi | Ref,Robbins 9/e p36 The massive physiological growth of the uterus during pregnancy is a good example of hormone induced increase in size of an organ that results from both hyperophy and hyperplasia | Anatomy | General anatomy |
3bd54f9d-dd9d-4a31-adbd-5c673b5f81c5 | The drug of choice for the treatment of Thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy is: | Carbimazole | Iodine therapy | Propyl thiouracil | Metimazole | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. propylthiouracilRef.: K.D. T. 5th/e p 232, 4th/e p 259, 260This question has been repeated several times before, remember these important pointsAll antithyroid drugs can cross placenta so risk of fetal hypothyroidism and goitre is always thereBoth carbimazole and propylthiouracil can be used during pre... | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
daf4719e-f84a-42e9-ae96-d9ed4d5bd000 | Which of the following is false regarding Multiple Sclerosis (MS)? | More common in women and age of onset is between 20-40 years of age | Risk factors include vitamin D deficiency and cigarette smoking | Pathological hallmark is axonal degeneration | HLA DRB1 in MHC class II is associated with 10% of disease risk | 2c | multi | Multiple sclerosis is an auto immune disease of central neural system with a relapsing and remitting or progressive course. The pathologic hallmark of disease is demyelination. Myelin specific antibodies are present on degenerating myelin sheaths. Surviving oligodendrocytes paially remyelinate surviving axons, which ar... | Medicine | All India exam |
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