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395e0de9-e8ad-4ffc-9ce6-21d4c883a8c1 | Which of the following is not responsible for the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury? | Incomplete redox reactions by damaged mitochondria | Compromised cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms | Infiltrating leukocytes | Activation of the complement system | 3d | single | New damage may be initiated during reoxygenation by increased generation of ROS. Some of the ROS may be generated by injured cells with damaged mitochondria that cannot carry out the complete reduction of oxygen.
Cellular anti-oxidant defense mechanisms may be compromised by ischemia, exacerbating the situation.
ROS g... | Pathology | null |
5d6ecfb3-de4d-4348-a09f-9e58e15c0e5f | Cyanotic hea disease with left axis detion is:- | Tricuspid atresia | TGA | TAPVC | Ebstein anomaly | 0a | single | --> Remember, tricuspid atresia is the only cyanotic hea disease with left axis detion. Tricuspid atresia: Congenital absence of Tricuspid valve. Right ventricle is hypoplastic Features: - Left ventricular type of apical impulse - Large 'a' waves in jugular venous pulse - Enlarged liver with presystolic pulsations - EC... | Pediatrics | Other hea diseases in children |
8f0787d7-ae3e-49fe-9ea0-39e72276fbd4 | Not true about Chondroblastoma | Chicken wire appearance | CODMAN's tumor | Epiphyseal tumor | Treated by chemotherapy | 3d | multi | Treatment is surgical, extended currettage with bone grafting. | Orthopaedics | null |
a877ef83-3cef-4d0b-885e-31242164e683 | ABE (Acute Bacterial Endocarditis) is most commonly caused by: | Staph. aureus | Str. Viridans | Str. hemolyticus | Esch. Coli | 0a | single | Staph. aureus | Microbiology | null |
a08e1c48-1ff4-4ff6-92d0-90d22caa6f74 | Which of the following nucleus of Hypothalamus is most closely related to sexual activity in males | Preoptic nucleus | Supraoptic nucleus | Lateral hypothalamic nuclei | Posterior hypothalamic nuclei | 0a | single | A i.e.Preoptic nucleus - Sexual behavior is integrated in anterior-ventral hypothalamusQ; plus piriform coex (in males only) - Ganong - Sexual drive can be stimulated from several areas of hypothalamus, especially the most anterior and most posterior poions of hypothalamusQ (Guyton) - Medial preoptic area (MPOA) or the... | Physiology | null |
9dcc2c78-4d59-419f-9907-373b28333781 | Growth phase of hair is | Anagen | Metagen | Telogen | None | 0a | multi | A i.e. Anagen | Skin | null |
5aa9e171-84a0-4de3-ac9c-5a236138d036 | True about follicular lymphoma: | Lymphadenopathy is the most common presentation | BCL-1 positive | CD5 positive | More common in males than females | 0a | multi | Answer- A. Lymphadenopathy is the most common presentationIt is the tumor of germinal centre (follicular centre), B cells, and is strongly associated with chromosomal translocation involving Bcl 2.Growth pattern is nodular (follicular) or nodular (follicular) and diffuse.The neoplastic cells closely resemble normal ger... | Pathology | null |
822dc764-4a74-4c0c-9e2e-117acc3df9c2 | The type of estrogen found in highest concentration in adult female is- | Estrone | Estriol | Estradiol | None | 2c | multi | Ans (c) Estradiol(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.406)Naturally occurring estrogens are,Estradiol (E2 ) - predominant estrogen during reproductive yearsEstrone (E1) - predominant estrogen in menopausal womenEstriol (E3) - predominant estrogen in pregnant women | Physiology | Endocrinology and Reproduction |
a2997f29-2b3a-47de-a543-75cd34a61ec6 | True about translation of protein is | It has 3 steps initiation, elongation & termination | IF-2 prevent reassociation of ribosomal subunit | IF-3 and 1A cause binding of initiating codon | None | 0a | multi | A i.e. It has 3 steps initiation, elongation & termination | Biochemistry | null |
01e8c5f4-cff7-44dd-8de2-27f83130b82a | Which of the following is not seen in testicular carcinoma? | Abdominal lump | Epidydimo orchitis | Inguinal lymphadenopathy | Hydrocele | 2c | single | Testicular tumors MC presentation is a nodule or painless swelling of one gonad. 10% patients present with acute pain or manifestation due to secondaries like neck or abdominal masses, GI disturbances, respiratory or CNS symptoms, bone pain or lumbar backache due to nerve roots involvement by bulky retroperitoneal dise... | Surgery | Urology |
96d08d68-d191-4a51-bc83-d14d42dc6cd4 | Suckling mice is used in the isolation of? | Arbovirus | Herpes virus | Pox virus | HIV | 0a | single | Arbovirus REF: Jawetz's, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 24th edition cchapter 47. Principles of Diagnostic Medical MicrobiologyRecovery of Arbovirus and detection:Virus isolation attempts require appropriate biosafety precautions to prevent laboratory infections. Virus occurs in the blood only early in the... | Microbiology | null |
4f674c41-0265-4884-8291-0c918dd8cebe | Synaptic potential can be recorded by: | Patch clamp technique | Voltage clamp technique | Microelectrode | EEG | 2c | single | Synaptic potential is recorded with inserting one microelectrode inside cell and one electrode outside the cell. | Physiology | null |
ec8f3716-9efa-4a86-a2ba-64870c842b93 | Tunica reaction is seen in - | H. influenzae | Plague | R. mooseri | B. Anthrax | 2c | single | null | Microbiology | null |
809003c8-4412-443c-b27e-ec888c840a7a | True about neuroblastoma:a) Tumor of autonomic nervous systemb) Metastasis rarely presentc) Earliest detected in late childhoodd) Most common site is Adrenal medulla | b | c | ac | ad | 3d | multi | Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of the autonomic nervous system. It is a neuroendocrine tumor, arising from any neural crest element of the sympathetic nervous system.
Neuroblastoma is a disease of early childhood with approximately 90% of patients presenting before 5-years of age and almost 50% within the first 2-y... | Pediatrics | null |
f29f2716-d564-4789-8c09-86f3a6d31691 | To initiate transcription RNA polymerase does not require which one of the following: | Template (ds DNA) | Activated precursors (ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP) | Divalent metal ions (Mn2+, Mg2+) | Primer | 3d | single | DNA polymerase can only elongate existing polynucleotide chains, and thus requires a primer. RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis de novo and hence does not require a primer. Ref: Molecular Biology of the Gene Watson, 2004, Page 376 ; Lippincott's Illustrated Q & A Review of Biochemistry by Michael A. Lieberman, R... | Biochemistry | null |
7f49852d-0fa9-4578-a9e9-7770fa56eed0 | Dense mass of connective tissue seen in endodontically treated teeth called as: | Periapical cyst | Periapical granuloma | Residual cyst. | Periapical scar. | 3d | multi | null | Pathology | null |
3c9062a8-a44b-4730-8e23-b940bda8c849 | Pulmonary fibrosis is an adverse effect of which of the following anti-cancer drugs? | Mitomycin C | Hydroxyurea | Bleomycin | Cisplatin | 2c | single | Anticancer drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis are Bleomycin Busulfan Methotrexate Cyclophosphamide Carmustine | Pharmacology | Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs |
8fe3f9b4-ab5b-4d9a-bd74-fa1eaea8e84b | Most common complication after splenectomy is - | Chest infection | Hematemesis | Subphrenic collection | Acute dilation of stomach | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
2ff44281-1ac2-434e-a082-a262f5e9a1e6 | A 30-year-old male evaluated for loss of erection is found to have low testosterone and high prolactin level in blood. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Testicular dysgenesis | Pituitary adenoma | Craniopharyngioma | Cushing's syndrome | 1b | single | Pituitary adenomas are most commonest cause of pituitary hormone hypersecretion and hyposecretion syndromes, common in adults. Hyperprolactinemia is the most common pituitary hormone hypersecretion syndrome in both men and women. PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas) are the most common cause of PRL levels >... | Medicine | null |
8a8e0ae6-9742-4e6c-8503-386058f0e642 | All are true statement about filaria except - | Extrinsic incubation period of 10-14 days | Man is the intermediate host | Adults live in the lymphatics of host | No multiplication in the mosquito | 1b | multi | - Man is the definitive host and mosquito the intermediate host in Bancroftian and Brugian filariasis. - Adults live in the lymphatic system of host. - The female worms in humans may give bih to as many as 50,000 microfilaria per day.No multiplication in the mosquito. - the extrinsic incubation period is 10-14 days . R... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
624e4ec9-e093-4d93-a24d-f1181e6590ce | Congenital dacrocystitis, the block is at? | Lacrimal calnaliculi | Nasolacrimal duct | Punctum | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nasolacrimal duct Congenital dacryocystitis (Dacryocvstitis neonatorum) It is the inflammation of lacrimal sac in the newborn. It is due to congenital blockage of nasolacrimal duct. Congenital dacryocystitis usually presents as a mild grade chronic inflammation. It is characterized by :? Epiphora deve... | Ophthalmology | null |
3dec721d-17ee-4cd6-8f82-e9e0acbe2f0a | Which of the following is false about Botulism? | It is a type food poisoning | Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin | It is an infection and not intoxication | The causative organism is Clostridium botulinum | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e.. It is an infection and not intoxication Botulismo It is a form of food poisoning.o Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxic protein. It paralyses the nerve endings by blocking the nerve impulses at the myoneural junction. It blocks the action of acetylcholine,o Botulism is an intoxication, not an infect... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
0ee5a840-ce2d-4eff-bc3b-5807ed311444 | Aboifacient causing ototoxicity is : | Lead | Quinine | Mercury | Ergot | 1b | single | Quinine | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0f0e0753-b99b-4fe6-baa8-11607c4fcbc2 | Common pathological changes seen in kidney in benign hypertension are - | Fibrinoid necrosis | Microaneurysm | Hyaline arteriosclerosis | Thining of walls | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
0eb3b163-a059-4486-85cb-2db9cd23f4ca | All constitutes Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome :-except | A known clinical insult within 1 week | Bilateral opacities in chest - x ray | Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload | Pulmonary aery end diastolic pressure less than 18 mm ng | 3d | multi | Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome comprises-- Timing - within 1 week of known clinical insult Chest imaging - Bilateral opacities - not fully explained by effusions collapse Origin of edema - Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. Oxygenation Mild - 200<PaO2... | Anaesthesia | Modes of Ventilation |
514a239c-2f9d-4482-b9d0-95e9960b9909 | Cervical was are seen with which HPV | 11,13 | 6,11 | 17,18 | 5,8 | 1b | single | Cervical was are seen with HPV type 6,11 which are of low oncogenic potential and HPV type 16,18 which are of high oncogenic potential. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page no 287 | Dental | Sexually transmitted diseases |
31999356-58d9-46e0-a25f-170733d5d02b | Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with increased urobilinogen is seen in | Hemolytic anemia | Liver cirrhosis | Bile duct obstruction | Sclerosing Cholangitis | 0a | single | . | Pathology | All India exam |
7cb6101f-1c8b-4d47-87ab-fd811bbb9584 | Characteristic adverse effect of quinidine includes: | Lupus erythematosis | Cinchonism | increase in digoxin clearance | Precipitation of hyperthyroidism | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
88b056ab-da3d-4df7-84f2-79ae84f66e11 | Features of arboviral infection: | Low titre & prolonged viremia | Low titre & transient viremia | High titre & prolonged viemia | High titre & transient viremia | 2c | single | Ans: c) High titre.... Ref: Microbiolgy, Green wood 17th edArbo virus induce high titresof viremia in susceptible vertebrates 1-4 days after parentral inoculation or following bites by infected arthropods. Viremia persists fupto & serves as a source of infective blood meals for other biting arthropods. | Microbiology | Virology |
ff2d5e76-bd19-4234-b0cd-fec867ee227e | Which of the following receptors mediate stretch reflex: | Golgi tendon organ | Merkel's disc | Muscle spindle | Meissner's corpuscles | 2c | single | Muscle spindle are distributed throughout the belly of muscle & send information to Nervous system about (i) Muscle length (ii) Rate of change of muscle length Golgi tendon organ is located in muscle tendons transmits information about (i) Tendon tension (ii) Rate of change of Tendon tension Muscle stretch | Intrafusal... | Physiology | FMGE 2018 |
5beaa26a-4a0b-48b9-8cc3-ef40e68a2198 | Which of the following incision used in diaphragm surgery is safest | Horizontal | Veical | Circumferential | Transverse | 2c | single | Circumferential is the safest as it prevents injury to phrenic nerve to maintain the function of the diaphragm | Surgery | G.I.T |
3445528e-5a73-4f2d-88f1-29f90ee5b794 | A 3-year-old child has eczematous dermatitis on extensor surfaces. His mother has a history of Bronchial asthma. Diagnosis should be – | Atopic dermatitis | Contact dermatitis | Seborrhic dermatitis | Infantile eczematous dermatitis | 0a | single | In this question:-
The child is 3 years old
History of Asthma in mother
Extensor involvement
First two points suggest the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (childhood pattern).
About third point (extensor involvement) :-
"Though childhood atopic dermatitis mainly involves flexural parts, less commonly extensor surfa... | Dental | null |
4197a391-d22b-4e69-9822-ee2b9bfaff8f | Fungus causing otomycosis most commonly is | Aspergillus fumigatus | Aspergillus niger | Candida | Mucor | 1b | single | Otomycosis Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the ear canal that often occurs due to Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus( niger > fumigatus) or Candida albicans. It is seen in hot and humid climate of tropical and subtropical countries. Secondary fungal growth is also seen in patients using topical antibiotics for treatme... | ENT | Ear |
61001997-aa61-4b8f-98a4-7c4e751f6378 | Ibalizumab was approved by FDA in 2018 April for | HIV | TB | Leprosy | Malaria | 0a | single | Ibalizumab was approved for HIV in 2018 Ibalizumab belongs to a new class of HIV drugs called post-attachment inhibitors. Post-attachment inhibitors work by attaching to the CD4 receptor on the surface of the immune cells. When ibalizumab attaches to the CD4 receptor, HIV cannot attach to, enter, or infect the cell. Re... | Medicine | Infection |
46929534-cf92-4ca9-82f4-a6eb0ea26e37 | Mamillary body receive afferent fibers | Corpus callosum | Thalamus | Pituitary gland | Fornix | 3d | multi | Mammillary body receive afferent fibers Fornix C - shaped bundle of nerve fibers which acts as major output tract of hippocampus They are association fibers(connects one brain center to another) It is pa of limbic system (Papez circuit) Papez circuit - for memory consolidation, emotions & behavior | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy 1 |
cf926785-6af5-4d62-b36e-e5ebea56411e | Contraindications for oral contraceptive are following except : | Hea disease | Epileptic patient | Migraine | More than 30 years old | 3d | multi | More than 30 years old | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
19766826-921c-44bb-a82e-1799ce6894fc | A 3 cm squamous cell carcinoma of the retrornolar trigone and invading the mandible and the medial pterygoid muscle is at what TNM stage: | Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | Stage IV | 3d | single | null | Pathology | null |
39d3c8e7-b84b-48fe-9ca7-00c0e9670e20 | You have checked the blood oestradiol levels of your patient and it comes as 150 pg/ml. The woman is LEAST likely to be in which phase of menstrual cycle? | Follicular | Ovulation | Luteal | None | 1b | multi | The normal oestradiol and progesterone levels during menstrual cycle is given below Oestradiol Follicular phase 30 - 200 pg/ml Ovulation phase 200 - 600 pg/ml Luteal phase 30 - 200 pg/ml Progestrone Follicular phase 0.06 - 3 mg/ml Luteal phase 4.5 - 20 pg/ml Ref: Essentials of Gynaecology by Lakshmi Seshadri, Edition 1... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1e547ef2-0635-496e-bd44-53c6f3aa6f20 | Taxidermy is:- | Process of dissection of poisoning deaths | Process of digging the body out | Study of effects of poisons on individual organs | Process of preparing the body for anatomical dissections | 3d | single | Taxidermy Process of preparing dead bodies for the purpose of anatomy dissections by injecting solutions of arsenic sulphide or oxide, lead sulphide, potassium carbonate with or without into the femoral and other big aeries. | Forensic Medicine | Thanatology |
943329a2-0b3d-4789-b58f-0809808fd25d | Small intestinal peristalsis is controlled by : | Myentric plexus | Meissners plexus | Vagus nerve | Para sympathetic system | 0a | multi | Myenteric (Auerbach&;s) plexus is situated b/w and innervates outer longitudinal & middle circular muscular layers and is primarily concerned with motor controlQ. Submucosal (meissner&;s) plexus situated between middle circular layer and mucosa is primarly concerned with control of intestinal secretionQ as it innervate... | Physiology | All India exam |
d8add128-0581-4b97-899b-4ab5937ca1bf | Teduglutide is a recently introduced drug for Sho Bowel Syndrome- What is it | GLP antagonist | Somatostatin analogue | H1 blocker | GLP- 2 analogue | 3d | single | Teduglutide: GLP-2 Analogue:- * Randomized controlled trials have shown that teduglutide, a GLP-2 analogue that is resistant to degradation by the proteolytic enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and therefore has a longer half-life than GLP-2, is well tolerated and has led to the restoration of intestinal functional and stru... | Surgery | G.I.T |
0483f306-7ada-4ac3-acfa-c2a5cafe46ec | Paranoid delusions are a/w use of: | Cocaine | Heroine | Cannabis | GHB | 0a | single | A i.e. Cocaine Marijuana (cannabis, THC) causes perception of relaxation, mild euphoria, impairs thinking, concentration, perception and psychomotor functions. Most common physical effcts of cannabis are dilation of conjunctival blood vessels (red eye) or conjunctival injection, and tachycardia > increased appetite (th... | Psychiatry | null |
03b074f0-f73a-4115-a239-7eb37e0a81c8 | A 55 years aged chronic alcoholic male, presented with irrelevant talks, tremor and sweating. He had his last drink 3 days back. What will the probable diagnosis? | Delirium tremens | Korsakoff psychosis | Post-Acute withdrawal syndrome | Discontinuation syndrome | 0a | single | The description of symptoms is related to the condition "Delirium Tremens" * Delirium Tremens / Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium (AWD): * Most severe form of ethanol withdrawal manifested by, # Altered mental status (Global confusion) # Autonomic hyperactivity (Sympathetic overdrive) * Mechanism: * Alcohol abuse affects neu... | Psychiatry | All India exam |
eb16a5e2-2820-48fe-a6b8-d9cb35a10d97 | Internal hordeolum is due to inflammation of- | Zeis gland | Meibomian glands | Moll's gland | Lacrimal gland | 1b | single | Internal hordeolum It is suppurative inflammation of the meibomian gland which is associated with blockage of the duct. C/F: acute severe pain and swelling of eye lid away from the margin, mild watering and photophobia The pain is more intense in internal than external hordeolum, due to the swelling being embedded deep... | Anatomy | FMGE 2019 |
fab32640-c89a-430c-927e-46ab763e9678 | Mousy odour urine is seen in | Maple syrup urine | Phenylketonuria | Isovalericacidria | Cystinuria | 1b | single | Mousy order urine is seen in phenylketonuria due to the presence of excessive phenylalanine and its metabolites.Mousy body odour is also present due to the excretion of phenyl lactic acid,its metabolite through sweat. Reference:Essential pediatrics-Ghai,8th edition,page no:652. | Pediatrics | Metabolic disorders |
c938bdef-33fd-49c8-bc6a-a8630263a101 | Sodium Thiopentone is ultra short acting d/t – | Rapid absorption | Rapid metabolism | Rapid redistribution | Rapid excretion | 2c | single | All iv inducing agent has rapid redistribution, therefore reversal occurs very early. | Anaesthesia | null |
01dfa21f-3221-422e-a229-4d6c887dbea7 | Which of the following statements is false | Hypoxia in tumours can result from two different mechanisms: chronic hypoxia and acute hypoxia | Acute hypoxia is caused by a temporary closing of a blood vessel in the tumour | Chronic hypoxia is caused by the limited diffusion distance of oxygen through tissue that is respiring | Oxygen does not affect the radiosensitivity of tumours | 3d | multi | It is impoant to recognize that hypoxia in tumours can result from two quite different mechanisms. Chronic hypoxia results from the limited diffusion distance of oxygen through tissue that is respiring. The distance to which oxygen can diffuse is largely limited by the rapid rate at which it is metabolized by respiring... | Radiology | Radiotherapy |
e523d9cd-554c-4366-8701-7494f9c6ec51 | Primary Amenorrhea:a) Absence of Menarche by 14 Years without secondary sexual charactersb) Absence of Menarche by 16 Yrs with secondary sexual charactersc) Absence of secondary sexual characters by Yrsd) Endometriosis | ac | ab | ad | bc | 1b | single | Primary amenorrhea is a condition when a female has not attained menarche by the age of 14 years in the absence of growth or development of secondary sexual characteristics.
OR
No menarche by the age of 16 years regardless of the presence of normal growth and development of secondary sexual characteristics. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
63c98e48-710a-4892-ac7d-d0689b2516c6 | the above marked structures are seen in all except ? | thalasemia | sickle cell anemia | liver cirrhosis | CML | 0a | multi | GAMMA GANDY BODIES WERE SEEN IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA ,CML AND CIRRHOSIS .THEY ARE DEPOSITS IN CONGESTIVE SPLEENOMEGALY WHICH CONTAINS : IRON +CALCIUM + FIBROUS TISSUE OF SPLEEN Sickle Cell Anemia 1) Single nucleotide substitution ("point mutation") in the gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin. 2) Different amino acid get... | Pathology | All India exam |
e7a5aa6e-aaf3-4533-b3ca-cfe670afd59e | All of the following are true about Rett's disease, Except : | Regression of milestones occur after 5 months | Microcephaly is seen | Mental retardation is present | More common in males | 3d | multi | Rett's disease is more common in females. | Psychiatry | null |
d279f427-2847-4789-9794-e8cc1f1f74ee | Which of the following is the new drug for the treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis | Bedaquline | Linezolide | Levofloxacin | Cefepime | 0a | single | Refer Harrison 19th/p1115 Bedaquline is a new drug approved for MDT tuberculosis. It acts by inhibiting ATP synthatase in mycobacterium . Major adverse effects of this drug is "QT prolongation | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
4eeadd01-3c6f-4be7-a3d2-526dab3df298 | A 40 year old patient has undergone an open chlecystectomy. The procedure was reported as uneventful by the operating surgeon. She has 100 ml of bile output from the drain kept in the gallbladder bed on the first post operative day. On examination she is afebrile and anicteric. The abdomen is soft and bowel sounds are ... | Order an urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and biliary stenting | Urgent laparotomy | Order an urgent hepatic iminodiacetic acid scintigraphy (HIDA) | Clinical observation | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Clinical observation 100 ml. of Bile output from the patient on the 1st postop. day without any other abnormality is of no clinical significance, so does not warrant any action from the surgeon. But remember if passing of 100 ml of bile continues for 5-6 days then it is considered abnormal. It denotes ... | Surgery | Procedures - Cholecystectomy, Bile Duct Exploration, Store Extraction |
3ce7990d-a16a-4d3b-91f0-742917882f12 | True regarding osteosarcoma is - | Occurs because of proliferation of osteoclasts | Sunray appearance in X-ray indicates new bone formation | Affects mainly males in 5th or 6th decade | Lymphtic metastasis is most common | 1b | multi | Osteosarcoma arises from primitive bone forming cells.
Sunray appearance and Codman's triangle indicate periosteal new bone formation.
Osteosarcoma occurs in childhood or young adult (10-25 years).
Blood metastasis is most common (not lymphatic). | Orthopaedics | null |
2f0512d9-4bd7-4411-a67f-461d2015badd | Which of the following infection is transmitted through rat urine? | Listeria | Legionella | Mycoplasma | Leptospira | 3d | single | Humans are infected when the leptospires in water contaminated by the urine of carrier animals (rats, dogs, cattle, and pigs), enters the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin / through intact mucosa of mouth, nose or conjunctiva. The incubation period is 2-20 days. Ref: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 201... | Microbiology | null |
9ae0baf4-956b-4d89-9055-6cc430891d16 | Late deceleration indicates : | Head compression | Cord compression | Fetal hypoxia | Breech presentation | 2c | single | Ans. is c i.e. Fetal hypoxia | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
e565d7b4-4cca-40fa-9ab9-28b5130cf343 | Best indicator for growth measurement is- | Height | Weight | Arm circumference | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Weight o Measurement of weight and rate of gain in weight are the best single parameters for assessing physical growth. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
48fddb5f-ecbc-409a-a35d-ad96a14dfaf5 | Pulmonary eosinophilic pneumonia associated witha) Loeffler syndromeb) Cystic fibrosisc) Churg strauss syndromed) Hypersensitivity pneumonitise) Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) | acd | bde | cde | ace | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
a8f061ee-05bb-4bd6-944a-165b1c2edd47 | zone which is absent when repair is done with MTA as compared to calcium hydroxide: | Zone of calcification | Zone of necrosis | Zone of vascular inclusion | None of the zone is absent | 1b | multi | Zones formed with calcium hydroxide (CH) pulp therapy from below CH to normal pulp are:
Zone of liquefactive necrosis
Zone of coagulative necrosis
Inflammatory response
Hard tissue barrier with vascular inclusions.
The necrosis with pure CH is due to its high PH. But dycal which is a hard setting CH formulation forms... | Dental | null |
ba3ab86e-337b-4efe-a3f2-600b622a1f1f | The characteristics of polio vaccine are all except- | Maintenance of cold chain | 100 % immunisation | Killed vaccine is effective in India | 5 doses of OPV given | 1b | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
803250f9-a008-429c-9166-1ca8a99e7715 | Major bacterial enzyme responsible for putrefaction? | Hyaluronidase | Lecithinase | Metalloproteinase | Collagenase | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lecithinase Putrefaction Produced mainly by the action of bacterial enzymes (lecithinase -- Cl. welchii) Anaerobic organism (from bowels) Causing marked hemolysis and liquefaction in blood vessels and tissue spaces, thus producing following effects Color changes : greenish discoloration in right iliac... | Forensic Medicine | null |
dcabb8fa-9636-4e9c-bc67-6764d8fc49ca | In a healthy adult scheduled for an elective operation, solid food shoulder be withheld for at least .......... hours before surgery | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 2c | single | Nil by mouth and regular medications Patients are advised not to take solids within 6 hours and clear fluids (isotonic drinks and water) within 2 hours before anaesthesia to avoid the risk of acid aspiration syndrome. These restrictions are fuher reduced in infants, as keeping hydrated reduces discomfo and is known to ... | Surgery | Urology |
8f8447c6-dec4-488f-b6a9-78cc4e9707bc | Duodenal ulcer, true statement is - | Never Malignant | Most-common site is IInd pa | Common in blood group AB | GI bleed not seen | 0a | multi | Answer- A. Never MalignantDuodenal ulcer is more common in persons with blood group'O', i.e., containing no AB antigens with blood group'O" i'e"containing no AB antigens.Bleeding is more common in duodenal ulcer than in gastric ulcer. | Surgery | null |
ad2a2769-b27e-4baf-91b4-8498e7f023f0 | Recurrent laryngeal nerve supply all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT | Thyroepiglottic | Posterior cricoarytenoid | Cricothyroid | Thyroarytenoid | 2c | multi | C. i.e. (Cricothyroid) (260, 275 - Dhingra 4th)MUSCLES OF LARYNXINTRINSIC MUSCLES EXTRINSIC MUSCLES(a) Acting on vocal cords* Abductors - Posterior cricoarytenoids* Adductors - Lateral cricoarytenoid* Interarytenoid (Transverse arytenoids)* Thyro arytenoids (external part)* Tensors - Cricothyroid vocalis (Internal part... | ENT | Larynx |
58cc28d4-7868-42b1-9341-af829ab0789e | Which of the following is true regarding IUGR baby is | IVH common | Head circumference 3cm more than chest circumference | Hypothermia is rare as shivering thermogenesis is good | Fatty liver | 1b | multi | Usually head circumference is more than abdomen circumference in intrauterine growth retardation babies Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | Pediatrics | New born infants |
7d86e77a-4877-4a8d-82d5-cca119c8e737 | Epidemiology of cholera in England was clasified by | John Snow | Winslow | Chadwick | Howard huges | 0a | single | An english epidemiologist John Snow studied the epidemiology of cholera in London from 1848 to 1854. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
2ff5bd36-b0df-4848-8571-4b5895210bf4 | The mechanism by which most fungi cause disease is: | Exotoxin production | Lecithinase production | Hypersensitivity | Coagulase production | 2c | single | Hypersensitivity Diseases
Humans are continually exposed to air-borne fungal spores and other fungal elements present in the environment. These spores can be antigenic stimulants and depending on individual's immunological status may induce a state of hypersensitivity by production of immunoglobulins or sensitized lym... | Microbiology | null |
adb5c70c-f849-4eae-a8a1-8089c09c4857 | Vascular invasion is a characteristic feature of | Candidiasis | Mucormycosis | Blastomycosis | Sporotrichosis | 1b | single | Mucormycosis occurs as a systemic infection following dissemination from a primary focus in the upper respiratory tract or nasal cavity. When the lung is the primary site of infection the fungi may invade the aeries to cause thrombosis and infraction. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th editi... | Microbiology | mycology |
c7f62e20-ba8f-45f3-a977-10983f10b0d2 | A female patient with breast cancer presenting with altered sensorium. The following MRI suggests: | Herpes simplex encephalitis | Gliomatosis cerebri | Limbic encephalitis | Metastasis | 2c | single | The epidemiology of limbic encephalitis mimics that of the underlying malignancy. Tumours which can result in limbic encephalitis include: small cell carcinoma of the lung (classic cause); testicular germ cell tumors; thymic tumours; breast cancer; ovarian carcinoma; haematologic malignancies; gastrointestinal malignan... | Radiology | Neuroradiology |
a64f2b73-868d-4185-bcb3-45b40694c4b4 | Laundosine is a toxic metabolite of - | Atracurium | Pancuronium | Mivacurium | Vecuronium | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atracurium Atracuriumo The unique feature of atracurium is inactivation in plasma by spontaneous nonenzymatic degradation (Hofmann elimination) in addition to that by alkaline ester hydrolysis.o Consequently its duration of action is not altered in patients with hepatic / renal insufficiency or hypody... | Anaesthesia | Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents |
7cc9fbe7-d69d-46f0-9add-dbdd67e7aa54 | Normal paogram include the following except : | Cervical dilatation in X - axis | Descent of head in Y - axis | Sigmoid shaped curve | Ale line followed 4 hours later by action line | 0a | multi | Cervical dilatation in X - axis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
19eef0de-9909-4c29-a97e-721c0f18f755 | Antigenic variation seen in which of the following - | Influenza virus | Hepatitis virus | Yellow fever virus | Leptospira | 0a | single | a unique feature of influenza virus ability to undergo antigenic variation REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.499 | Microbiology | Virology |
32148ee8-1826-416d-a78d-a82f419abbcf | A pregnant female infected with Rubella. Which of the following immunoglobulin is produced by in-utero infection? | IgG | IgA | IgM | IgD | 2c | single | IgM is the main immunoglobulin produced early in the primary immune response. IgM is present on the surface of viually all uncommitted B cells. It is the most efficient immunoglobulin in agglutination, complement fixation, and other antigen-antibody reactions and is impoant also in defense against bacteria and viruses.... | Microbiology | null |
2d6b922a-802f-4c9a-b881-633108973942 | Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy are-a) amyloidb) sarcoidosisc) Viral myopathyd) Alcohole) Storage disease | abe | bcd | cde | acd | 0a | single | Acute viral myocarditis, alcohol abuse, pregnancy., thyroid disease, cocaine use, and chronic uncontrolled tachycardia cause dilated cardiomyopathy- Harrison 17th/l481
Restrictive Cardiomyopathies (RCMs) - Harrison 17th/1485-86
The hallmark ofthe restrictive cardiomyopathies (RCMs) is abnormal diastolic function ; the... | Pathology | null |
c9f1796b-cd9a-4d88-be3e-672d6a0ad497 | The commonly used laser for curing composite resin is | Nd:YAG | CO2 | ER:YAG | Argon | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
3640cfba-4212-4759-bf2a-3af2e3dca362 | Salmon patch is seen in – | Interstitial keratitis | Disciform keratitis | Acne rosacea | Phlyctenular keratitis | 0a | single | Salman patch appearance of cornea is seen in Interstitial Keratitis.
Salman patches on retina is seen in non-proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. | Ophthalmology | null |
c5c21b44-6346-4837-af23-e3f5b57e6afd | Which of the following is not a cause of sudden increase pain in osteochondroma: | Bursitis | Fracture | Sarcomatous changes | Degenerative changes | 3d | single | Ans. D. Degenerative changesDegenerative changes will lead to slowly increase in size of osteochondroma whereas other listed causes will result in sudden increase in the size of osteochondroma. | Orthopaedics | Miscellaneous |
50395bd3-e24d-4942-936d-2f6d0f865e85 | Kiesselbach's plexus is plexus made up of? | Arteries | Veins | Nerves | Connective tissue | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Arteries * Kiesselbach's plexus is formed by anastomosis of four arteries:-# Anterior ethmoidal artery,# Septal branch of superior labial artery,# Septal branch of sphenopalatine artery and# Greater palatine artery. | ENT | Nose and PNS |
fd960f79-2383-4ca4-9f76-6297608d5581 | Incubation period of Mumps is | 7 days | 18 days | 10 days | 14 days | 1b | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
b8084909-011e-41b8-983a-bd1960c2de6d | The depth of respiration is controlled by | Pneumotaxic center | Posterior medulla | Apneustic center | Pons | 0a | single | Pneumotaxic center limits inspiration by inhibiting Apneustic center Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 65 | Physiology | Nervous system |
9b582eb0-b8cb-4f2f-9361-9ed48564aa67 | A 40 years old male develops excessive hyperventilation. ABG reveals pH - 7.5, PCO224 mm Hg, PO2 88 mm of Hg. True statment is | Respiratory alkalosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory acidosis | Metabolic acidosis | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' Respiratory alkalosis. This one is quite simple.pH is increased and pCO2 is decreased which indicates respiratory alkalosis | Medicine | Fluid & Electrolyte |
eb6fe9e2-115f-46ed-bf91-18a86da57daf | Eye examination of a patient revealed lack of downward gaze and loss of convergence but has normal pupillary reactions to light. What is the MOST probable location of the lesion? | Optic chiasm | Inferior colliculus | Superior colliculus | Edinger Westphal nucleus | 1b | single | In this patient the lesion is most probably located at the level of inferior colliculus. Features of lesion at the level of inferior colliculus are normal pupillary reactions to light, lack of downward gaze and loss of convergence. It could be due to lesions of the pineal gland, multiple sclerosis, vascular diseases or... | Ophthalmology | null |
43ec1441-3d54-4234-a1ce-3babbba2a0dc | Bevelling of inner table of skull is found in | Fire arm entry wound | Fire arm exit wound | Drowning | Infanticide | 0a | single | A i.e. Firearm entry wound When a bullet traverses the skull, the apeure in the bone differs in relation to the outer & inner tables; the defect is larger in the I direction in which the bullet travelsQ | Forensic Medicine | null |
bb8e0558-d0c5-457c-8e70-357524b4fbaf | All are true for oxytocin EXCEPT: March 2013 | Polypeptide | Secreted by anterior pituitary | Causes ejection of milk | Secreted in both sexes | 1b | multi | Ans. B i.e. Secreted by anterior pituitaryOxytocin is secreted mainly by Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and is transpoed from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary. When suitable stimuli reach the posterior pituitary from hypothalamus, oxytocin is released into blood. | Physiology | null |
a9a4da30-5dd7-4a24-9077-129769d0495b | The tonsillar ring or Waldeyer's ring consists of which of the following: | The adenoid | The lingual tonsil | The tonsil | All of the above | 3d | multi | null | Anatomy | null |
46ec4e9b-fdb0-4693-b79f-8dbfdc1160ef | Human development index includes -a) Crude death rateb) Life expectancy at one yearc) Life expectancy at birthd) Adult literacy ratee) GDP | ae | edb | cde | bd | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
ef0be526-ac6a-4263-9827-559a59cfc52d | A 45-year-old woman is seen by her primary care physician complaining of intermittent colicky pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ), staing sholy after eating a meal, and lasting about 30 min. During these episodes, she feels bloated and nauseated. The patient also states that over the past 2 days, her stools have bec... | <img style="max-width: 100%" src=" /> | <img style="max-width: 100%" src=" /> | <img style="max-width: 100%" src=" /> | Inflammation of hepatic Glisson's capsule | 1b | single | A- Gallstones in gallbladder B- Bile duct obstruction due to gall stones C- Premature activation and leakage of pancreatic enzymes This middle-aged woman has the typical symptoms of biliary colic, which is intermittent crampy abdominal pain in the epigastric region of the RUQ, sometimes radiating to the right shoulder.... | Unknown | Integrated QBank |
8a68e8ff-0403-435b-8469-6dc800869ac8 | Drug of choice for Herpes simplex Endophthalmitis is – | Acyclovir | Vidarabine | Amantidine | Interferon | 0a | single | Acyclovir is the drug of choice for HSV infection. | Ophthalmology | null |
5592c91a-0331-409e-9b1f-fd18aa5412d6 | The most difficult source of infection among the following to control is | airborne | human to human | vector borne | vertical | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
fd8d9db7-1b47-442f-9ca2-f430903bd869 | NMDA antagonist used in Alzheimer's disease is: | Memantine | Rivastigmine | Donepezil | Galantamine | 0a | single | Ans: A (Memantine) Ref: Goodman and Gilman's "Phannacologica! Basis of Therapeutics'' 12th eci p.622Explanation:Memantine* It is used either as an adjunct or an alternative to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease, and is also commonly used to treat other neurodegenerative dementias,Memantine is a noncompeti... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
e0f722d0-5e88-4c88-93dd-e1c3a5a18eb2 | An arteriole with a damaged endothelial cell layer will not: | Constrict when intravascular pressure is increased | Dilate when adenosine is applied to the vessel wall | Constrict in response to norepinephrine | Dilate in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or acetylcholine | 3d | multi | Ans. D. Dilate in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or acetylcholineBoth adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and acetylcholine cause the release of NO from endothelial cells. The other choices involve mechanisms that function without endothelial cells. | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
55498fa7-a209-412a-a2a3-a5c5da66a984 | As type of tympanogram is seen in: | Otosclerosis | Ossicular discontinuity | Glue ear | None | 0a | multi | Ans: a (Otosclerosis) Ref: Dhingra, 3rd ed, p. 34 & 4thed, p. 26As type tympanogram indicates low compliance at or near ambient air pressure.Seen in fixation of ear ossiclesTypes of tympanogram:A -NormalAs - Otosclerosis, malleus fixationAd - Ossicular discontinuity, lax thin TM (High compliance)B - Flat / dome shaped ... | ENT | Otosclerosis |
400e4d0a-8ead-470b-aa17-0246526caa6b | Reversion of Neisseriagonorrhoeae from a fimbriated (fim 1) to a non-fimbriated (fim 2) state would result in which one of the following phenomena? | Inability of N. gonorrhoeae to colonize the mucosal epithelium | Reversion to a Gram-positive stain | Death of the organism | Loss of serologic specificity | 0a | single | Bacteria may shift rapidly between the fimbriated (fim +) and the non-fimbriated (fim -) states. Fimbriae function as adhesions to specific surfaces and consequently play a major role in pathogenesis. Lack of fimbriae prevents colonization of the mucosal surface by the bacterium. | Microbiology | General |
3533e899-8177-4de9-947d-f5dfc55efefd | Most common complication of both acute and chronic pancreatitis is | Poal vein thrombosis | Pancreatic abscess | Pseudocyst | Pancreatic necrosis | 2c | multi | Complications of Acute pancreatitis Sterile and infected peripancreatic fluid collections Pancreatic necrosis and infected necrosis Pancreatic pseudocyst Pancreatic ascites Pancreaticopleural Fistulas Vascular complications Pancreaticocutaneous fistula Complications of chronic pancreatitis pseudocysts splenic vein thro... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
321143dd-b715-434e-b8f3-46f8faaf6028 | What is responsible for clearing & flushing food from the intestinal lumen in the interdigestive Period- | Gastrin | Migrating motor complexes | Secretin | CCK. | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Migrating motor complexes (MMC)(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.497)MMC aids in clearing the stomach and small intestine of luminal contents in preparation for the next meal | Physiology | G.I.T. |
048d31be-8c2c-4230-98ee-e4728f59dfe8 | All are risk factors of pre eclampsia except | Diabetes in pregnancy | Hydatidiform mole | Primipara | Previous history of pre eclampsia | 0a | multi | Primiparous is at a higher risk than multiparous ladyH.mole due to abnormal trophoblastic proliferation and uterine distension is at higher risk. Infact h.mole is associated with early onset preeclampsia. Previous h/o preeclampsia also increases risk . | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
d40c77ba-57ea-4a23-81d1-cad2adeb9d33 | In myopia there is | Increased length of eyeball | Decreased length of eyeball | Decreased refractive power of cornea | Lens is dislocated posteriorly | 0a | multi | (A) Increased length of eyeball > Myopia ("nearsightedness" (AmE), "shortsightedness" (BrE)) is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front of the retina under conditions of accommodation.> Axial myopia is attributed to an increase in the eye's axial length. | Physiology | Special Senses: Vision and its Elements |
3c35ae22-7a55-45d6-9e8f-c455b6dbc37d | The orifice of the parotid duct is located: | At the hamular notch | In proximity to the incisive papillae | On the buccal mucosa near the maxillary second molar | Slightly posterior to the mandibular central incisors | 2c | single | null | Anatomy | null |
e8486928-0901-49eb-b17e-398fd82cbd06 | According to Hierarchy of Evidence for Scientific Literature, Randomized control trials are | Level I Evidence | Level II Evidence | Level III Evidence | Level IV Evidence | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
cf8e5a38-98cd-40ca-a3e9-2bd9e2935d23 | True regarding TT dose(s) in Pregnancy for a Primigravida woman is:- | 1 dose in 2nd Trimester | 2 doses (1 month apa) 2nd Trimester | 1 dose anytime as soon as possible in pregnancy | 2 doses (1 month apa) as soon as possible in pregnancy | 3d | multi | TT in pregnancy:- Primary level of prevention (specific protection) Primigravida - 2 doses (1 month apa) of TT- ASAP in pregnancy 2 dose - total duration protection - 5 years If next pregnancy occur in 3 years of previous pregnancy - only 1 booster dose required Both doses must be completed within 8 months POG. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vaccines |
6c5a9c6d-16fb-413b-96a4-cbad922a1a50 | Ancylostoma enters the human body by - | Ingestion | Inhalation | Penetration of skin | Inoculation | 2c | single | Ancylostoma enters the human body by penetration of skin. ANCYCLOSTOMA DUODONALE (Hookworm): Host - Man. Infective form - 3rd stage filariform (L3) larva. Mode of transmission- penetration of skin by 3rd stage filariform (L3) larva (by walking bare foot in dampen soil). Habitat- small intestine. | Microbiology | Parasitology Pa 2 (Helminthology) |
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