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e2134e1c-a419-472f-86f8-20f0500ad1eb | Management plan for osteogenic sarcoma of the lower end of femur must include: | Surgery alone | Chemotherapy + radiotherapy | Radiotherapy + amputation+ chemotherapy | Chemotherapy + Limb Salvage Surgery | 3d | single | The usual approach in the treatment of osteosarcoma includes surgery and chemotherapy. The most frequently used effective chemotherapy agents include high-dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide or etoposide. Radiotherapy does not play a role in the treatment of osteosarcoma as these cells are not rad... | Surgery | null |
bae5d9e2-2c8f-4524-8b78-13384b32f64e | At what cervical level spinal cord circumference is maximum? | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | 2c | single | Maximum spinal cord circumference is at level c6 BD CHAURASIA S HUMAN ANATOMY Vol1 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
9dbd2361-c71e-4365-96af-b57b265da946 | A newborn is prone for hypothermia due to following reasons except? | More body surface area | Less subcutaneous fat | Larger head size compared to rest of body | Brown fat | 3d | multi | Presence of brown fat is a protective mechanism against hypothermia in newborn babies Infants have more body surface area compared to adults which makes them prone for heat loss. In paicular, head size has the largest body surface area in the entire body In low bihweight and preterm infants, the insulatinglayer of subc... | Pediatrics | Neonatal hypothermia |
7197f6f2-eff8-48bf-81fa-f4d9eb88f692 | Traumatic fracture showing avascular necrosis: (PGI Dec 2007) | Femoral neck | Surgical neck of humerus | Body of talus | Cuboid | 0a | single | Ans. A (Femoral neck) /Ref: Maheswari 3td/40-41,270; Dahnert Radiology Review manual 5th/46-48; Chapman 4th/45-46; Apley 8th/570-571]Avascular necrosis is common in fracture of- femoral neckQ (including slipped capital femoral epiphysis(r), posterior dislocation of hip}, neck talus(r), waist scaphoid(r) & lunateQ (disl... | Orthopaedics | Avascular Necrosis |
8d5ac53b-faf3-426f-a10f-fc892d01abd9 | True about fourth heart sound is | Occurs at end of P wave in ECG | Occurs at end of T wave in ECG | Occurs during early rapid filling phase of ventricular diastole | Occurs during slow ejection phase of Ventricular systole | 0a | multi | null | Physiology | null |
025ab57f-f74c-418e-9211-63a4036c7038 | A new test to measure B.P has successive reading of same person as follow: 110/70 mmHg, 128/80 mmHg, 132/70 mmHg, 160/90 mmHg. The given test has, when mean B.P =120/80mmHg. | Low validity, Low reliability | Low validity, high reliability | High validity, low reliability | High validity, high reliability | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a2be9d60-9b0b-4ffd-b7cb-f74a53922e75 | Common variable deficiency is due to - | Absent B cells | Reduced number of B cells | Defective B cell differentiation | All of the above | 2c | multi | Most patients with common variable immunodeficiency have normal or near-normal numbers of B cells in the blood and lymphoid tissues.
These B cells, however, are not able to differentiate into plasma cells.
The clinical manifestations are caused by antibody deficiency.
The feature common to all patients is hypogammaglob... | Pathology | null |
d658aff5-1518-40f9-9229-6c577b251f83 | All are associated with paraneoplastic syndromes except - | Cerebeller degeneration | Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy | Amyotropic lateral sclerosis | Opsoclonus myoclonus | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
a1f3cb33-914c-4069-9b11-71f97dcb1308 | The efferent limb of a myotatic reflex includes a(n): | Anterior horn motor neuron | Lateral horn visceromotor nucleus. | Muscle spindle. | Preganglionic sympathetic neuron | 0a | single | The myotatic reflex is a monosynaptic, sretch reflex. The efferent limb consists of the axon of an anterior horn alpha motor neuron that innervates striated muscle fibers (effector). The afferent limb consists of a muscle spindle (receptor) and an Ia fiber (axon) of a spinal ganglion neuron. | Physiology | Motor System |
369feed3-a8cf-49da-bfe2-52f245d89573 | Ivabridine is indicated in the management of | PSVT | Angina pectoris | Cardiomyopathy | Irritable bowel syndrome | 1b | single | Refer kDT 6/e p 55,katzung 11e p203 Ivabradine is a bradycardia drug. It selectively blocks if sodium channel blocker and reduce hea rate by inhibiting the hyperpolarization activated sodium channel in the SA node. No other significant hemodynamic effects has been noted. It reduces and then attacked similar to Calcium ... | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
f32fa11d-f466-4282-9777-c12122e74911 | Shape of nulliparous cervical canal is : | Circular | Transverse | Spherical | Longitudinal | 1b | single | Transverse [Ref: BDC 4/e, Vol 2, p 359; Gray's Anatomy 38/e, p 1871; Jeffcoate's Gynaecology 6/e, p 31 Don't get confused with the answer . Question is about cervical canal & not the external os. The external os is circular in a nulliparous woman & transverse or slit like in parous women. In a nulliparous women, the ce... | Forensic Medicine | null |
37a92bb5-67ba-4f1d-8735-8aa38e00ff76 | Which of the following nerves are affected after spinal anesthetic block | Motor and sensory only | Sensory and autonomic nerve only | Sensory nerves only | Sensory autonomic and motor nerves | 3d | single | Spinal anesthetic block affect sensory autonomic and motor nerve | Anaesthesia | Regional anaesthesia |
6ff7f1f1-7c34-4e7a-b8fe-6d7cdf9a4214 | The UK refinement of Hannifin and Rajka criteria is used in the diagnosis of ____: | Atopic dermatitis | Nummular Eczema | Eczema Herpeticum | Contact dermatitis | 0a | single | Ans. A. Atopic dermatitis* The UK refinement of Hannifin and Rajka criteria is used in the diagnosis of Atopic dermatitis.* The original Hannifin and Rajka criteria requires that patients have at least 3 of the 4 major criteria and 3 of the 23 minor criteria.* Consequently, Williams et al coordinated a UK working party... | Skin | Dermatitis Erythema |
b25c38f6-e3b1-4112-8488-ca0f99b6a585 | Codfish veebrae are seen in: March 2004 | Osteopetrosis | Osteoporosis | Morquis syndrome | All of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. B i.e. Osteoporosis | Surgery | null |
a55ca1b8-cc03-4a51-a78d-49c8a52f1797 | According to IAP classification of Grade IV malnutrition, Weight-for-age of the standard (%) is _________ | 71-80 | 61-70 | 51-60 | < 50 | 3d | single | IAP classification of malnutrition Grade of malnutrition Weight-for-age of the standard (%) Normal >80 Grade I 71-80 (mild malnutrition) Grade II 61-70 (moderate malnutrition) Grade III 51-60 (severe malnutrition) Grade IV <50 (very severe malnutrition) Reference: Paediatrics; O.P Ghai; 8th edition; Page no: 97 | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
1325c5ff-553b-4dc6-9478-14b26206e9e3 | The ketolide which retain activity against streptococcus pneumoniae that are resistant to macrolide is: | Telithromycin | Quinupristin | Lincomycin | Dalfopristin | 0a | single | Telithromycin is useful in the setting of streptococcal pneumonia that is resistant to macrolide Ref: Harrisons, Edition-18, Page : 1138. | Medicine | null |
6d2eeaa7-954a-4d75-ad27-a0a258b09590 | indications of FESS: | Inveed papilloma | Orbital abscess | Nasal polyposis | All | 3d | multi | Ans. is all [indications of Function) endoscopic Endoscopic Surgery (FESS) Nasal conditions: Indian = Inflammation of sinus (sinusitis - chronic and fungal) Prime = Polyp removal Minister = Mucocelea of frontal and ethmoid sinus Can = Choanal atresia repair Speak = Septoplasty Fluent = Foreign body removal English = Ep... | ENT | null |
04c6ad9b-5668-41bc-b4e3-901dbbfd6947 | HbA, AC level in blood explains - | Acute rise of sugar | Long terms status of blood sugar | Hepatorenal syndrome | Chronic pancreatitis | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
f32952db-07e6-4160-91e2-cc86b3147f3b | Hypersensitivity vasculitisis seen most commonly in | Post capillary venules | Arterioles | Veins | Capillaries | 0a | single | HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS
In hypersensitivity vasuculitis, postcapillaryvenules are the most commonly involved vessels, capillaries and arterioles are involved less frequently.
It is primarily a disease of small vessels.
It is characterized by leukocytoclasis, a term that refers to the nuclear debris remaining from t... | Unknown | null |
5ef25e98-1620-4003-9f4d-933b0e12889e | Which anterior will have 2nd root most commonly | Lower Canine | Lower Lateral Incisor | Upper canine | Upper Lateral incisor | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
ab81ce5e-ccdb-49ac-af0f-8f73888767e9 | The parvocellular pathway, from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual coex, carries signals for the detection of: | Movement, depth and flicker | Color vision, shape and fine details | Temporal frequency | Luminance contrast | 1b | single | B i.e. Colour vision, shape, fine details 'The parvocellular pathway from layers 3-6 carries signals for colour vision, textures, shape and fine detail'. | Ophthalmology | null |
f89e596c-23d7-454e-b9f7-2b7270f62aac | Trench fever is caused by - | Bartonella Quintana | Coxiella burnetii | Rickettsia akari | Rickettsia conori | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bartonella Quintana * Trench fever, also called 5-day fever or quintan fever, is caused by Bartonella quintana (Rochalimaea quintana).* The human body louce (Pediculus humans corporis) is the vector and humans is the only known reservoir. | Microbiology | Bacteria |
b7218254-2d63-4ff1-abff-63b696f0ed9c | All are causes of Osteoporosis, except: | Thyrotoxicosis | Hypothyroidism | Chronic heparin therapy | Old age | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Hypothyroidism) Osteoporosis is seen with hypehyroidism and not with hypothyroidism. Chronic heparin therapy, thyrotoxicosis and old age are all causes of osteoporosis | Medicine | null |
cbdc7583-1f75-4e9e-82c8-59c5bf2d9bac | Positive Rinne indicates | AC>BC | BC>AC | BC=AC | None of the above | 0a | multi | Positive Rinne`s test- AC>BC (Normal hearing, Sensorineural Hearing loss)Negative Rinne`s test- BC>AC (Conductive Hearing loss)False negative Rinne`s- Severe unilateral Sensorineural Hearing lossRef: Hazarika; 3rd ed; Pg 53 | ENT | Ear |
c3835a9c-5206-4195-a002-1a532ca51b85 | Regurgitation of food back from stomach into oesophagus is prevented by | Pinch cock effect of diaphragm | Negative intrathoracic pressure | Oesophagogastric angle | All of the above | 3d | multi | Regurgitation of food back from stomach into oesophagus is prevented by: (i) tone of gastro-oesophageal sphincter, (ii) negative intrathoracic pressure, (iii) pinch-cock effect of diaphragm, (iv) mucosal folds, (v) oesophagogastric angle and (vi) slightly positive intra-abdominal pressure. Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:-341 | ENT | Oral cavity & Oesophagus |
00317043-92c0-49bc-9835-414fe4544f83 | Dental papilla give rise to ? | Enamel | Dental cuticle | Tooth pulp | None | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tooth pulp The mesenchymal cell's of dental papillae forms : Odontoblasts which form dentine Tooth pulp | Anatomy | null |
0952901d-19bc-4078-b4d7-c600208c86f9 | Thrombophlebitis extending from thigh to involve iliofemoral vein causes | Red leg | Blue leg | Purple leg | White leg | 3d | single | Answer- D. White legWhite leg (Phlegmasia alba dolens)- seen in ileofemoral thrombophlebitis.Phlegmasia alba dolens (white leg): This is characterised by aerial spasm resulting in pale, cold leg with diminished pulses, with blanching of the limb, more often seen in iliofemoral thrombophlebitis and is called milk leg of... | Surgery | null |
6344b226-4a03-4c55-8a53-def29f5690d1 | Burkitt&;s lymphoma shows which translocation? | 8:14 | 9:22 | 11:14 | 14:18 | 0a | single | All forms of Burkitt lymphoma are highly associated with translocation of MYC gene on chromosome 8 that lead to increased MYC protein levels.The translocation paner for MYC is usually the IgH locus (t (8;14)) but may also be the Ig kappa (t (2;8)) or lambda (t (8;22)) light chain loci. Reference : Robbins and Cotran Pa... | Pathology | Haematology |
938692b4-d85e-42ab-9cd0-3490a81f105b | Most common thyroid Cancer is - | Papillary carcinoma | Follicular carcinoma | Medullary carcinoma | Anaplastic carcinoma | 0a | single | Papillary Carcinomas are the most common form of thyroid Cancer. | Pathology | null |
3835d1fa-11be-492b-aaa3-f2e013062126 | Reflex responsible for tachycardia during right atrial distension is | image_question | image_question | image_question | image_question | 3d | single | Reflex resposible for tachycardia during right atrial distension is Bainbridge reflex. Atrial Reflex Control of hea rate: The Bainbridge Reflex The stretch recceptors of the atria that elicit the Bainbridge reflex transmit their afferent signals through the vagus nerve nerves to the medulla of the brain. Then efferent ... | Physiology | All India exam |
84740c43-e67a-4975-a519-76e317939b5b | In Wegeners glomerulonephritis characteristic feature seen is | Granuloma in the vessel wall | Focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis | Nodular glomerulosclerosis | Interstitial granuloma | 1b | multi | This is a necrotising vasculitis characterised by specific triad . Granuloma of the lung and the upper respiratory tract . Vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels . Glomerulonephritis Robinns 9 th edition page no. 353 | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
d7f6d349-9b61-4571-88da-2e1a5f31a2e9 | Preterm baby with PDA, which is the least idly findings? | CO2 washout | Bounding pulses | Pulmonary hemorrhage | Necrotising enterocolitis | 0a | single | PDA in preterm neonate
In previous explanations I have explained that chances of spontaneous closure of PDA are higher in premature infants as there is no structural abnormality. However, you should keep in mind that this fact is true when we are comparing the spontaneous closure of PDA between term and pre-term neona... | Pediatrics | null |
2585e290-0e06-4b09-8ea5-a42aff4e560f | MRI magnet is a | Ferromagnet | Paramagnet | Simple magnet | Superconducting-magnet | 3d | single | MRI uses a Superconducting magnet which is kept cool using Helium. A superconducting MRI magnet comprises a steel cryostat with the superconducting coils immersed in liquid helium at 4.2 Kelvin (-269degC or -452degF). | Radiology | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
14c1a3d3-8a46-4293-939e-05c78465e520 | A 35-yrs-old woman complains of attacks of breathlessness, cyanosis and flushing. Apart from occasional diarrhea she has no abdominal symptoms. Abdominal examination reveals an enlarged nodular liver. If laparotomy is done, we could expect to find: | An ovarian tumor | A multicentric hepatoma | An appendicular carcinoid | Crohn's disease | 2c | single | History of breathlessness, cyanosis and flushing points towards carcinoid syndrome. Enlarged nodular liver means hepatic metastasis, which is essential to produce carcinoid syndrome.
Appendicular carcinoids are detected in I in ever) 200-300 appendicectomies. It is one of the commonest sites for carcinoid tumours.
Carc... | Unknown | null |
b264a4c3-98a8-4a67-9801-997e385aa3b1 | A common source of Staphylococcus in the hospital is | IV fluids | Infected wounds | Hands of hospital personnel | Bed linen | 1b | single | Staphylococci are the primary parasites of human beings and animals, colonizing the skin, skin glands and mucous membranes. The most common source of infection in human patients and carriers, animals and inanimate objects being less important. Patients with superficial infections and respiratory infection disseminate l... | Microbiology | null |
f370fce9-a1b8-4b65-ac6b-34037c278f6e | The most common mechanism of drug resistance in staphylococci is | Conjugation | Plasmids | Transduction | Translation | 2c | single | The most common mechanism of drug resistance in staphylococci is through production of beta lactamase or penicillinase, which inactivates penicillin by splitting the beta lactum ring. These are inducible enzymes which are plamid mediated. They can be transmitted by transduction or conjugation. Ref: Textbook of Microbio... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
5aed19c4-2720-464b-905a-6563b42357c2 | Which bone pathology does patients with Maffucci syndrome and olliers disease present with? | Osteochondroma | Enchondromas | Ewings sarcoma | Osteosarcoma | 1b | single | Both cases present with multiple enchondromas | Pathology | null |
7ea19b7c-09c1-478c-99a0-536589e289d7 | Two groups are tested for anemia. Which test should be used ? | Paired T-test | Unpair T-test | Chi-square test | ANOVA | 2c | single | Ans. is `c' i.e., Chi-square test Observations in the given question are in the form of qualitative data (anemia present or not). Thus Chi-square test should be used. Chi square test Is used when the observation are in the form of propoions (for qualitative data) The outcome are in clear cut answers; yes or no. As in t... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
855156f3-afd1-46f8-b714-9d229748229e | All are true about colon-rectal cancers except | Tumours of the left side of the colon usually present with a change in bowel habit | Tumours of the right side of the colon present with iron deficiency anaemia | Right present earlier then left sided cancers | Left sided cancers are more common than right | 2c | multi | Tumours of the left side of the colon usually present with a change in bowel habit or rectal bleeding, while proximal lesions typically present later, with iron deficiency anaemia or a mass.Iron deficiency anaemia in any man or non-menstruating woman should lead to a search for a source of bleeding from the GI tract.Em... | Surgery | G.I.T |
6b883a02-f033-4da5-ae04-e826a890f56d | Tooth whitening strip is: | H2O2 | HF | Carbamide peroxide | Sodium perborate | 0a | single | Hydrogen peroxide used in dentistry as a whitening agent ranges in concentration between 5 and 35%.
Ref :Grossman’s endodontics,13th edition, pg no:504 | Dental | null |
17304376-6d26-4e05-b9a1-900636d60da7 | In an ideal restoration, gingival margin should be: | Below contact point but 1mm occlusal to gingival crest | Below contact point but at level of gingival crest | Below gingival crest | At contact point | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
7b804ab3-5eea-44fd-a256-d575b37a82fb | A 65-year-old man with H/O 30 pack years of smoking presents with weight loss, cough with expectoration and hemoptysis for 40 days. Serum Na was found to be 124 mEq/L. Serum Ca -10 mg/dl. Chest X ray showed a hilar mass. Brush cytology and sputum was positive for tumor cells. What of the following subtypes of lung carc... | Squamous cell carcinoma | Adenocarcinoma | Small cell carcinoma | Large cell carcinoma | 2c | multi | Hilar mass suggests either squamous cell or small cell carcinoma. Hyponatremia due to SIADH is more likely in ors of Small cell. Hypercalcemia and cavitation are more likely in ors of squamous cell carcinoma | Unknown | Integrated QBank |
650bd3ce-790c-4576-98b6-4f827f1f7f9e | Arneth count is counting of: | Lymphocytes | Lobes in neutrophils | Granules in eosinophils | WBC in bone marrow | 1b | single | Counting the number of neutrophils with different nuclear lobes and expressing the count as percentage of cells with different number of nuclear lobes is called Arneth count. Clinical significance: The Arneth count is useful in judging the rate of formation of neutrophils. Individuals who have a larger percentage of ne... | Physiology | null |
630a2a81-123c-4f7a-8a64-f6a0cdbfb6a5 | Palindromic DNA implies- | Sho stretches of DNA | Recognised by specific restriction endonuclease | Codes for bacterial resistance | All | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sho stretches of DNA; 'b' i.e., Recognised by specific restriction endonuclease; c i.e., Complementary strands Palindromic DNA o A DNA sequence consists of two complementry strand coiled in a double helicle structure. o A sequence of duplex DNA that is same when two strands are read in opposite direct... | Pathology | null |
5d8f36d4-9525-445f-a130-714a1c2f0c01 | "Citron bodies" and boat or leaf-shaped pleomorphic organism in an exudate is | Clostridium welchii | Clostridium edematiens | Clostridium septicum | Clostridium tetani | 2c | single | Clostridium septicum: citron bodies, boat or leaf-shaped polymorphic bacilli. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Saccharolytic and produce abundant gas. Produce alpha, beta, delta and gamma toxin. Gas gangrene, Braxy or malignant edema is caused. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edit... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
dd0ba8de-7c14-4b87-9e7a-75ca0bc5aa8e | During the early stages of the inflammatory response, histamine induced increased vascular permeability is most likely to occur in: | Arteries | Precapillary arterioles | Capillaries | Postcapillary venules | 3d | single | Acute inflammation causes fluid and cells to leak out of blood vessels into the interstitial tissue because of increased permeability of postcapillary venules. | Pathology | null |
b2e59d29-1b06-4566-9de9-25e5624c2aa8 | In retinal detachment – | Effusion of fluid into the suprachoroidal space | Retinoschisis | Separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium | None of the above | 2c | multi | In retinal detachment the fluid accumulate in subretinal space i.e., the space between neurosensory epithelium (sensory epithelium or neuroepithelium) and pigmented epithelium.
Retinoschisis Vs Retinal detachment
It has already been explained that in retinal detachment there is separation between neurosensory layer a... | Ophthalmology | null |
7bbe17f4-b225-4073-b261-66c031c92225 | Specificity of a screening test is the ability of a test to detect | True positives | False positives | False negatives | True negatives | 3d | multi | Specificity is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, that is &;true-negatives&;Sensitivity is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, that is &;true-positive&; | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening |
0830b6b6-fa27-4936-ac03-ca44b3997c31 | You see the newborn baby shown below for the first time in the nursery. You consult plastic and reconstructive surgery as well as the hospital's speech therapist. Understandably, the parents have many questions. Which of the following statements is appropriate anticipatory guidance for this family? | Parenteral alimentation is recommended to prevent aspiration. | Surgical closure of the palatal defect should be done before 3 months of age. | Good anatomic closure will preclude the development of speech defects. | Recurrent otitis media and hearing loss are likely complications. | 3d | multi | (d) Source: (Hay et al, pp 1047-1048. Kliegman et al, pp 1252-1253. McMillan et al, pp 469-472, 2661-2662. Rudolph et al, pp 705- 710.) The infant pictured has bilateral cleft lip and palate. The incidence in the general population is about 1:1000 live births, but occurs in about 4% of the siblings of affected infants.... | Pediatrics | New Born Infants |
41b95dcb-b0e4-4eaa-a808-847ecf376ddf | Last organ to be dissected during autopsy in asphyxial death is | Neck | Head | Abdomen | Thorax | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Neck Detailed study of the neck organs is required during autopsy of asphyxia death.Cranial thoracic and abdominal organs are removed before dissecting the neck, so that, the body is drained of blood.Such draining provides a clean bloodless field for the study of neck organs and prevents any artifactua... | Forensic Medicine | Injuries |
ff811171-e9f5-4425-9e00-25fc9a12cd3a | Treatment of choice for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis detected in Ist trimester of pregnancy: | Defer till second trimester | Sta cat. I immediately | Sta cat. II immediately | Sta cat. III immediately | 1b | single | Sta cat. I immediately Repeat May 10 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
1a06e92e-3f10-41cf-a9bb-4a4127439247 | All are features of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) except - | Hypotension | Metabolic acidosis | Hyperkalemia | Hypertension | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
40c37503-baa0-4e32-b4ec-6a8cd9eb0d37 | Skirrow's medium is used for? | Clostridium tetani | Corynebacterium diphtheria | Campylobacter jejuni | Helicobactor pylori | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Campylobacter jejuni . Media used for cultivation of H. Pylori are : i) Skirrow's medium Butzler's medium iii) Compy BAP medium | Microbiology | null |
259cd51e-45f9-4df9-8675-a55a0fffd25c | Glycerol is an- | Osmotic diuretic | Purgative | Antidiabetic | Antiemetic | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Osmotic diuretic o Glycerol is an orally active osmotic diuretic which may be used to reduce intraocular or intracranial tension. Intravenous glycerol can cause hemolysis. | Pharmacology | null |
d0ff45ed-3b92-45c9-ac7e-e60a0d756c5f | ANCA is associated with | Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Wegener’s granulomatosis | Rheumatoid arthritis | Goodpasture syndrome | 1b | single | • ANCA or antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies are formed against certain proteins in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. Out of the given options, Wegener’s granulomatosis is most strongly associated with ANCA. | Pathology | null |
ce9dcf69-1dd8-48e9-9f8a-d074e7d111df | Pleural effusion in rheumatoid ahritis is typically associated with the following features except | Glucose > 60 mg/dl | Protein > 3 gm/di | Pleural fluid protien to serum protein ratio of >0 .5 | Pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio of >0.6 | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Glucose > 60 mg/dl Causes of low glucose pleural fluid Malignancy Rheumatoid ahritis Empyema Hemothorax Paragonimiasis Churg strauss syndrome Lupus pleuritis (occasionally) | Medicine | null |
f7de6b71-c800-45bb-b434-1911f91cd74d | National Population Policy was first formed in 1976. Goals of National Population Policy are the following, EXCEPT: | Decrease IMR to below 30 per 1000 live bihs | Reduce MMR to below 100 per 100,000 live bihs | Achieve 100 per cent registration of bihs, deaths, marriage and pregnancy | Bring down TFR to replacement level by 2015 | 3d | multi | The objective of National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 is to bring the total feility rate (TFR) to replacement level by 2010. All the other options are the goals to be achieved by NPP. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 19th edition, Page 391. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
6c5b0f47-f468-4306-aac9-7ec8ff48ccf0 | Prothrombin Time (PT) detects deficiency of all the following clotting factors EXCEPT | II | V | VII | VIII | 3d | multi | The time required for clotting to occur is called the prothrombin time (PT). Normal PT = 15-20 seconds. Prolonged PT suggests the possibility of deficiency of factors II (prothrombin), V, VII and X. Prothrombin level is low in vitamin K deficiency and various liver and biliary diseases. | Physiology | Blood Physiology |
264f052e-833e-4856-87c2-1a6ff1b2348b | Neuropsychiatric complications of HIV include all except | Dementia | Depression | Mania | OCD | 3d | multi | Please read on HIV and its neuropsychiatric manifestations | Anatomy | All India exam |
636e832d-7c15-4ac5-bb1a-df1ff76b61dc | A child comes with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome secondary to FSGS, not responsive .to methylprednisolone. What next should be given ? | Oral cyclophosphamide | Oral cyclosporine | Oral mycophenolate | IV cyclophosphamide | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e., Oral cyclosporine o The treatment options for steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome are: (i) Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, Tacrolimus) (ii) IV or oral cyclophosphamide (iii) Levamisol (iv) Mycophenolate (v) Pulse coicosteroid o All above immunosuppressants are used along with coicosteriods (Pred... | Pediatrics | null |
48bc634a-c1f2-43ed-8d1d-060e94cf2a24 | Placing a ring liner approximately 3.25 mm short of the ends of the ring tends to | Produce a more uniform expansion and the expansion will not be in a vertical direction hence no distortion | Produce a more uniform contraction | Produce no change | Produce distortion | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
34601410-63af-4fd3-8dfd-9060caa153ae | Resistance to drugs in tuberculosis develops by: March 2011, March 2013 | Transduction | Conjugation | Transformation | Mutation | 3d | single | Ans. D: Mutation MDR-TB strains could arise as a consequence of sequential accumulation of mutations conferring resistance to single agents, or by a single step process such as acquisition of an MDR element. Resistance to common anti-TB drugs The most common mechanism of INH resistance is by mutation of the catalas-per... | Pharmacology | null |
f05df579-eddf-4f47-8245-d20ebd11474c | Guttman sign is seen in | Branchial plexus block | Supra clavicular block | Stellate ganglion block | None | 2c | multi | Guttman sign is ipsilateral nasal stuffiness seen in stellate ganglion block. | Anaesthesia | null |
2b520b20-42d1-4101-8674-168f78114b2a | Mean Hb values are compared in two population groups. The best test is - | Paired T test | Unpaired T test | Chi-square test | Fisher'stest | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Unpaired T test Student t-testo Small samples do not follow normal distribution as large ones do. To overcome this problem T test was devised by W.S. Cassette whose pen name was 'student' and hence this test was called student't' test.Application of test :o It is applied to find the significance of di... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Statistical Tests |
42b57ece-1513-46d6-8d84-689b1c73061b | All are components of Behaviour sciences except- | Political Science | Anthropology | Sociology | Psychology | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Political Science | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
0c4e475c-941a-4725-adea-66fb04ea79f9 | an anxiuous mother brought her 4yr old daughter to the pediatrician .the girl was passing loose stools past 20days .this was often associated with pain abdomen .stool examination showed the following organism : | entamoeba hystolytica | giardia lambia | cryptosporidium parvum | e.coli | 1b | single | Pathogenesis G. lamblia inhabits in the duodenum and upper ileum Trophozoites are attached to the mucosa surface by sucker, reproduced by binary fission Histology shoening of microvilli, elongation of crypts, and damaging the brush border of the absorptive cells Mechanical blockage of the intestinal mucosa, competition... | Microbiology | All India exam |
4ac3bbc1-583b-4781-94b1-640a2021d8f1 | Which of the following is not a landmark for facial nerve during parotid surgery? | Anterior belly of digastric muscle | Styloid process | Tragal pointer | Squamotympanic fissure | 0a | single | The main methods of facial nerve trunk localisation can be divided into antegrade and retrograde. The former utilises anatomical landmarks to identify the nerve trunk after its exit from the stylomastoid foramen, which is then traced distally.Landmarks commonly used are:The inferior poion of the cailaginous canal. This... | Surgery | Head and neck |
bbc0db27-6032-42e9-9387-a2cc84229b56 | Inclusion bodies are found in all except: | Herpes | EBV | Poliovirus | CMV | 1b | multi | Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins.
It is the most characteristic histological feature in virus-infected cells. It is of ... | Pathology | null |
cdf92205-97c4-4524-bda9-225a7377bfd0 | All are associated with Wernicke, encephalopathy, EXCEPT: | Cog-wheel rigidity | Alteration in mental function | Vlth nerve palsy | Ataxia | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' Cogwheel rigidity | Medicine | Nutrition |
952e4ac2-8337-4692-b5f8-d07f24cc1673 | For pancreatic injury true is - | Most are iatrogenic | Blunt trauma most common | Urine amylase is diagnostic | HRCT is investigation of choice | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., HRCT is investigation of choice o Pancreas being a retroperitoneal structure, peritoneal lavage is not helpful in making the diagnosis of pancreatic injury.o CT scan is the best diagnostic procedure, apart from an exploratory' laprotomy.More about Pancreatic injuryo About two-thirds are due to penetra... | Surgery | Trauma (Pancreas) |
ef6c3a44-67c2-4815-ac75-306af543e853 | Niacin deficiency causes | Pigmentation | Diarrhea | Rash | Lactic acidosis | 1b | single | Deficiency of niacin: A deficiency of niacin causes pellagra, a disease involving the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and CNS. The symptoms of pellagra progress through the three Ds: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia--and, if untreated, death. Reference: Lippincott Textbook of Biochemistry pg no. 380 | Biochemistry | vitamins |
9e28ff9e-c036-42ce-8fd3-356b8f162456 | Which of the following is not used to treat ADHD? | Dexamphetamine | Dexmethylphenidate | Dextromethorphan | Clonidine | 2c | single | Dextromethorphan is a NMDA antagonist used as cough suppressant. | Psychiatry | null |
cb4a8cd0-b22a-483f-ab16-f837234c1816 | Ocular symptom of Von Recklinghausen disease is | Deformed anterior chamber with reduced angle of AC | Glaucoma | Choroidal hemangioma | Subretinal neovascularization | 1b | single | • NF-1 is the most common phakomatosis, affecting 1:4000 individuals, and presents in childhood.
• The gene locus is on 17q11. | Unknown | null |
68fe6e9e-38ad-4226-bbcb-b62eafa75786 | Mallampati score is done for assessing: | Size of the airway | Oral cavity of patient for intubation | Mobility of neck | Size of ET tube | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) Oral cavity of patient for intubation* Mallampati score, also known as Mallampati classification is used to assess the oral cavity of patient to predict the ease of intubation.* It is assessed by looking at the anatomy of the oral cavity; specifically, it is based on the visibility of the base of soft palate, ... | ENT | Oral Cavity |
bcaa93f7-4f8b-44c3-b8ac-616fd9e48420 | radiation exposure occurs in all except ? | ct scan | mri | fluroscopy | plain xray | 2c | multi | fluoroscopy uses sonographic waves which is a sound wave and doesnt have radiation effect. Fluoroscopy is also an imaging tool. Allows physicians to look at various body systems. Shows movement of body pas. Also shows instruments or dye a continuing stream of x-ray images. Approximately 25-30 images per second Used in ... | Radiology | All India exam |
0f2639ce-a653-42f3-9d2e-dbfbb3c37795 | Teratoma is best describad as: | Hamartous developmental manifestation consisting of three different layers | Occurs most commonly in stomach and lungs | Originates from mesodermal tissue | Associated with very painful condition | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
fd25bd4a-7636-49b6-a352-1b90c08254b9 | Hypeension is not seen with : | SNRIs | amphetamine | Erythropoietin | L-dopa | 3d | single | Levodopa: ADVERSE EFFECTS- Most are dose-related, but are usually reversible. 1. Nausea and vomiting It occurs in almost every patient. Tolerance gradually develops and then the dose can be progressively increased. 2. Postural hypotension It occurs in about 1 I 3 of patients, but is mostly asymptomatic; some patients e... | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
ec8002d7-296b-49ba-8fc3-7bcac4616b97 | Spider leg appearance in Intra venous urography is seen in- | Congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease | Hydronephrosis | Renal stone | Renal cell carcinoma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Congenital polycystic kidney diseaseRadiological appearanceo Paint - brush appearanceo Soap - bubble nephrogramo "Swiss - cheese" nephrogramo Dense persistent nephrogramo Striated nephrogramMedullary sponge kidneyHydronephrosisAdult polycystic kidney diseaseAcute ureteric obstruction, hypotensionInfan... | Radiology | Urogenital System |
d50a55b2-5b03-4667-b989-6cebcb58eb30 | A community has a population of 10,000 and a birth rate of 36 per 1000. 5 maternal deaths were reported in the current year the MMR is – | 14.5 | 13.8 | 20 | 5 | 1b | single | You should keep in mind that MMR denotes maternal mortality ratio (not maternal mortality rate). | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
cf01f7a0-989f-407c-b66b-404dd0496a4f | TRUE statement about aspirin is: | In an afebrile patient acute overdose of aspirin produces hypothermia | Aspirin suppresses flushing associated with large dose of nicotinic acid | Aspirin therapy prevents granulomatous lesions and cardiac complications of acute rheumatic fever | Long term aspirin therapy increases the risk of developing colon cancer | 1b | multi | Nicotinic acid can cause flushing due to release of PGs. Premedication with aspirin decreases this complication. Aspirin can cause hypehermia in overdose. It decreases the risk of developing colon cancer. | Pharmacology | NSAIDs, Gout and Rheumatoid Ahritis |
aae9c1cb-2a87-4610-89e1-ff3fbc6bb5d9 | All of the following are the causes of relative polycythemia except: | Dehydration. | Dengue haemorrhagic fever | Gaisbock syndrome | High altitude. | 3d | multi | Answer is D (High altitude) High altitude is associated with physiological increase in erythropoetin levels and leads to absolute polycythemia and not relative polycythemia. Relative erythrocytosis due to reduction in plasma volume alone is also known as stress or spurious erythrocytosis or `Geisbock's syndrome' | Medicine | null |
c0f44b56-c2ec-49ca-87b4-59fd52fd29c6 | Investigation of choice in detecting small para-aoic lymph node is - | Ultra sound scan | CT scan | Lymphangiography | Aeriography | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., CT scan | Surgery | null |
4acff987-9eb6-4135-abe2-a8105caf440c | Which organ is NOT affected by Plasmodium falciparum? | Hea | Liver | Lungs | Kidney | 1b | single | The trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum disappears from peripheral circulation after about 24 hrs. By then a strain specific high molecular weight antigen appears on the surface of infected red cells, associated with knob like projections on the erythrocyte membrane. Such red cells disappear from peripheral circulati... | Microbiology | null |
0b6e3ebb-5820-4976-9c98-0885729065dd | A child suffering from acute diarrhoea is brought to the casualty and is diagnosed as having severe dehydration with pH of 7.23. Serum Na-125, Serum K-3, HCO3 16. The best I.V. fluid of choice is - | 3% Saline | N/3 Saline + 10% dextrose | Normal saline | N/3 saline + 5% dextrose | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
e9912230-2e87-4de7-9eab-ab99007069bc | Both HBsAg and HBeAg are positive in | Acute infectious Hepatitis B | Chronic Hepatitis B | Recovery phase of Hepatitis B | Individuals vaccinated with Hepatitis B | 0a | multi | Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed Pgno : 235 SEROLOGICAL PATTERNS IN HEPATITIS B HBsAg Anti-HBs Anti-HBc HBeAg Anti-HBe Interpretation + - IgM + - Acute Hepatitis B + - IgG + - Chronic Hepatitis B+ replication - + IgG - + Recovery from Hepatitis B - + - - - Vaccinated individuals | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
aa5c726a-6c64-4a2a-bc27-a05abd610ea7 | Hypercalcemia caused by - | Thyrotoxicosis | VnDiotoneation | Saroidosis | Furosemide | 0a | single | hypercalcemia can be a manifestation of a serious illness.Although hyper parathyroidism , a frequent cause of asymptomatic hypercalcemia, is a chronic disorder in which manifestations may be expressed only after months or years.The cause of hypercalcemia is numerous,but hyper parathyroidism. Hypercalcemia from any caus... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
10701b01-e05e-45ae-9aae-2869013b0944 | Esthiomine is seen in | Chancroid | Granuloma inguinale | LGV | Syphilis | 2c | single | Esthiomene is seen in LGV which refers to hyperophic enlargement with ulceration of the external genitalia LGV is caused by L1 L2 L3 strain of chlamydia trachomatous L2 is most common Esthiomene is a medical term referring to elephantiasis of the female genitals. In the past the term has also referred to elephantiasis ... | Dental | All India exam |
86ef489e-a1ce-469a-9fc0-7027607d70a8 | A 6-year-old drowsy child came in emergency with history of vomiting, loose motion for 3 days. On examination he had sunken eyes, hypothermia, skin on pinching was taking 5 seconds to reve. What is your diagnosis? | No dehydration | Mild dehydration | Some dehydration | Severe dehydration | 3d | single | In this case, sunken eyes and skin "goes back very slowly" (in 5 seconds) in a "lethargic" (drowsy) child, so it is a case of severe dehydration. | Pediatrics | Disorders of Gastrointestinal System Including Diarrhea |
32a77016-8b23-49fb-81e1-fd9864ffb57c | Which of the following statements about contrast in radiography is true: | Ionic monomers have three iodine atoms per two paicles in solution | Osmolar contrast agents may be ionic or non ionic | Gadolinum may cross the blood brain barrier | lohexol is a high osmolar contrast media | 0a | multi | A i.e. Ionic monomers have three iodine atoms per two paicles in solution Ionic contrast agents dissociate (ionize) in water in 2 ioins (or osmotic paicles) per molecule whereas nonionic agents do not ionize or dissociate. All monomers contain I benzene ring with 3 iodine atoms and dimers contains 2 benzene rings with ... | Radiology | null |
ee6d377f-1372-4b56-8165-48b35bbe0888 | The most common type of cerebral palsy is? | Spastic | Atonic | Extrapyramidal | Mixed | 0a | single | a. Spastic(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2896-2899; Ghai 8/e p 581-583)Most common type of cerebral palsy is spastic diplegia in 35% cases, followed by Hemiplegia in 25% casesSpastic quadriplegia is the most severe form of CP because of marked motor impairment of all extremities and the high association with intellectual disabi... | Pediatrics | Central Nervous System |
1f0ec916-79c2-4596-abab-5e5eebacca93 | BCR - ABL hybrid gene is present in | Burkitt's lymphoma | Retinoblastoma | Breast carcinoma | CML | 3d | single | (CML) (215-HM) (315, 697-98-R) (464-Basic pathology 8,h)BCR-ABL hybrid gene - ABL gene is a non GF receptor proto-oncogene having tyrosine kinase activity. ABL gene from its normal location on chromosome 9 is translocated to chromosome 22. Where it fuses with BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene and forms an ABL, BCR h... | Pathology | Neoplasia |
55a136e5-9e46-43fb-894c-274853287a97 | Pansystolic murmur at apex with soft first hea sound is the key sign of which one of the following ? | Aoic regurgitation | Mitral regurgitation | Ventricular septal defect | Atrial septal defect | 1b | single | MR : The regurgitant jet causes an apical systolic murmer.Pansystolic murmer with thrill, soft S1 AR: Early diastolic murmer ASD: Systolic flow murmer over pulmonary valve, diastolic flow murmer over tricuspid valve, wide fixed splitting of S2. VSD: Pansystolic murmer usually heated best at the left eternal edge Ref: H... | Medicine | C.V.S |
a4f0c4dd-3114-4a20-ae84-d95cdad10ea6 | Most sensitive parameter in monitoring iodine deficiency control programme is: | Goitre | Urine T3.T4 | Growth retardation | Neonatal hypothyroidism | 3d | single | Ans: D (Neonatal hypothyroidism) Ref: Park's Preventive and Social Medicine, 22nd edition. Pg 579Explanation:Iodine level in salt at consumption level 15 ppm.Iodine level in salt at production level 30 ppmIodine oil injection will provide protection for 4 years.Sensitive indicator for consumption of appropriate level o... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and Health |
d65af515-20e7-4ba0-af71-8cf91d3a1298 | Air on either side of the bowel wall on a radiograph is called: | Air under diaphragm sign | Cupola sign | Doges cap sign | Rigler sign | 3d | multi | The Rigler sign, also known as the double-wall sign, is a sign of pneumoperitoneum seen on an abdominal radiograph when gas is outlining both sides of the bowel wall, i.e. gas within the bowel's lumen and gas within the peritoneal cavity. It is seen with large amounts of pneumoperitoneum (>1000 mL). | Radiology | Gastrointestinal Radiology |
8d006fd4-5995-4ebf-bec6-0454d92d4abc | In intubation which drug is used instead of succinylcholine | Doxacurium | Dantrolene | Rocuronium | None | 2c | multi | Muscle relaxants are used in intubation, which are of two types: Depolarizing muscle relaxant, i.e., Succinylcholine Non-depolarizing muscle relaxant, eg., Rocuronium, vecuronuim, Atracurium, etc | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments |
5f1d776c-4b2c-4d03-8711-e6242a39d8f4 | Which of the following is the location of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)? | Sho arm of chromosomes 3 | Sho arm of chromosomes 6 | Long arm of chromosomes 3 | Long arm of chromosomes 6 | 1b | single | The human MHC (human leukocyte antigen; HLA) consists of a linked set of genes encoding major glycoproteins involved in antigen presentation. The complex locates to the sho arm of chromosome 6 and divides into three separate regions: class I, class II, and class III genes. The class I "classic" region encodes HLA-A, HL... | Pathology | null |
d1a046e5-259a-4644-9191-ae59e4fa2a05 | In early congenital syphilis, which is not seen – | Keratitis | Vesicular rash | Chorio retinitis | Rhinitis | 0a | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
789d81b0-e634-4760-b4ce-fcf6808904a2 | Recurrent interosseous aery is a branch of - | Posterior interosseous aery | Anterior interosseous aery | Radial aery | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Posterior interosseous aeryInterosseous recurrent aery is a branch ofposterior interosseous aery. | Anatomy | null |
b6b181dd-c318-4545-a1cd-ec43f81ccbd3 | As per WHO low birth weight is defined as | Gestational age < 34 weeks | Birth weight < 10th percentile | Birth weight less than 2.5 kg | Gestational age < 28 weeks | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8ee40672-2334-4469-be7c-d2a3d1516621 | Drug used in heparin overdose - | Protamine sulfate | Phylloquinone | Ticlopidine | Clopidogrel | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Protamine sulfate The most common adverse effect of heparin is bleeding.Protamine sulfate is an antidote of heparin. Protamine is strongly basic low molecular weight protein.Protamine sulfate is rarely needed in heparin induced bleeding because the action of heparin disappears by itself in few hours.T... | Pharmacology | Anticoagulants and Coagulants |
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