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fc7dfcd7-e74b-4b44-9b8c-b65558873317 | At low levels of light, the colour perception of the eyes is lost. As the brightness becomes more intense, colour appears to change. This phenomenon is known as | Metamerism | Fluorescence | Reflection Effect | Bezold-Brucke effect | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
59f791e0-c2b3-4f27-8bd3-3107a568ee0a | False about Boerhaave syndrome: | Perforation due to Barotrauma | Most common site is left posteromedial aspect at lower esophagus | Pain is a late manifest | Most cases follow bout of heavy eating and drinking | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) Pain is a late manifestRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition, Page 1073Boerhaave syndrome is characterized by Madder's Triad:* Vomiting* Chest pain* Subcutaneous emphysema | Surgery | Oesophagus |
b200f272-b503-41e1-bc1e-a7cbe95aa9c0 | All of the following are true about caudate lobe except:- | Blood supply from both right and left hepatic aery | Ductal drainage from both right and left duct | Venous drainage is mainly by left and middle hepatic vein | Supply by both branches of poal vein | 2c | multi | Caudate lobe Caudate lobe, lies between left poal vein & IVC and extends to hepatic venous confluence. Caudate lobe is unique It receives blood supply from both right & left poal pedicles Bile drain into both right & left hepatic duct Venous drainage is directly into IVC | Surgery | Liver |
846c6672-06c4-43b9-a9fd-90d8e3861690 | Acute graft rejection occurs within | 3 hours | 3 days | 3 months | 3 years | 2c | single | Answer- C. 3 monthsAcute rejection - It occurs 5 days to 3 months after transplantation.Both cell-mediated (cellular) rejection and humoral (antibody mediated) rejection are involved. | Pathology | null |
b29ec848-16c6-41e8-91b9-3e172ad6ced0 | A patient was treated with haloperidol, later he develops symptoms of Parkinsonism. What is the best treatment: | Cholinesterase inhibitors | Beta receptor antagonist | M1 muscarinic antagonist | Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist | 2c | single | - Extrapyramidal disturbances are the major dose-limiting side effects with high potency antipsychotics like fluphenazine, haloperidol, pimozide, etc. - The extrapyramidal effects may be categorized into: Parkinsonism Acute muscular dystonias Akathisia Malignant neuroleptic syndrome Tardive dyskinesia - Parkinsonism us... | Pharmacology | ANS |
56e19551-b4cf-4244-b1d9-dbb1effd8925 | Increased prolactin is associated with aEUR' | Increased FSH | Increased libido | Increased testosterone | Increased estradiol | 3d | single | Increased estradial Prolactin is a polypeptide produced by the lactotrophs of the pituitary. It is responsible .for the initiation and maintenance of lactation. As with several pituitary hormones, prolactin is secreted in a circadian, fashion with the highest levels being attained during sleep and a nadir occurring bet... | Pharmacology | null |
544474e2-b2b4-4c70-af90-10abff47f2f2 | A 70-year-old woman had an ECG at her annual checkup. Using her lead II recording below calculate her hea rate | 70 | 92 | 84 | 104 | 0a | single | The hea rate can be calculated by 60 divided by the R-R interval, which is 0.86 second. This results in a hea rate of 70 beats/min. (1500/No of small squares between R-R interval - but R-R interval should be regular) | Physiology | ECG |
3dc9e440-5a5e-4b75-8336-2dbffb3e2f3c | Drug of choice for genital was is | Acyclovir | Podophyllin | Minocycline | Interferon alpha | 1b | single | <p> WAS:- Caused by human papilloma virus. Anogenital was caused by HPV 6,11,16,18,31,33. Out Of these 6 is mostly involved. These virus invade squamous epithelium and trigger cell proliferation. Viruses mainly being transmitted by fomites ,scratching, and auto inoculation. Pink to brown way papules in perianal/genital... | Dental | Sexually transmitted diseases |
35117b80-8ea6-4094-9823-e76f9cb3e435 | Test tube retepegs are seen in the microscopic section of | ANUG | Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia | Gingival enlargement due to dilantin sodium | Plasma cell gingivitis | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
d49e5d95-466e-4fc2-8073-62f1fa18df11 | Pink disease is seen due to | Internal resorption | Mercury poisoning | Arsenic poisoning | Trauma | 1b | single | Pink disease (infantile acrodynia) was especially prevalent in the first half of the 20th century. Primarily attributed to exposure to mercury (Hg) commonly found in teething powders. | Pathology | null |
38980906-a702-4421-b88a-ff480ad9cae0 | Cyclodevelopmental life cycle is seen in | Malaria | Plague | Yellow Fever | Filaria | 3d | single | .cyclodevelopmental form of life cycle is the one in which the disease agent undergoes only development but no multiplication.examples include mainly the life of microfilaria in mosquito. ref:park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,edition 22,pg no 94 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
6ae60819-a810-4574-947c-ab3736dd8de1 | An elderly woman presented with abdominal pain and vomiting for three days. A computed tomogram of the abdomen was obtained. What is the diagnosis? | Cecal volvulus | Intussusception | Mesenteric ischemia | Obturator hernia | 3d | single | Answer D. Obturator herniaAn obturator hernia was diagnosed. | Medicine | G.I.T. |
771986b7-abe6-4664-8a69-192100a75c29 | Telenzepine acts on which receptors? | M2 | M1 | M3 | Nm | 1b | single | Pirenzepine and telenzepine are selective m1 blockers used in peptic ulcer by inhibiting acid secretion are synthetic atropine substitutes Ref: KDT 6th ed pg 113 | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
3b90015c-eb9e-4b41-ac7e-882bf2e9cfa6 | Amenorrhoea due to high LH and FSH is due to | Asherman's syndrome | Pituitary adenoma | Ovarian failure | All | 2c | multi | Ovarian dysfunction:Group I- Hypothalamic -pituitary failure, e.g anorexia nervosa, Kallman&;s syndrome, Sheehan&;s syndromeGroup II- Ovarian failure, e.g. Turner syndrome pure gonadal dysgenesis, Swyer syndrome, autoimmune disorders infection, radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Group III- Congenital or acquired genital trac... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Disorders of menstruation |
a3238eda-32e8-4418-a7eb-af9d79d8171c | Most common fungus causing otomycosis is | Histoplasma | Candida | Mucor | Penicillin | 1b | single | Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the ear canal most commonly caused by Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. (Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, of no. 55) | ENT | Ear |
51f11535-96a8-4703-897f-d37749d14960 | Oral hairy leukoplakia is associated with? | Cytomegalovirus | Human immunodeficiency virus | EBV | HPV | 2c | single | ANSWER: (C) EBVREF: Jawetzs microbiology 24th edition chapter 33 Herpesviruses & Table 48-8Oral Hairy LeukoplakiaThis lesion is a wart-like growth that develops on the tongue in some HIV-infected persons and transplant patients. It is an epithelial focus of EBV replication. | Microbiology | Virology |
a1c98666-2fc7-4e92-82f7-0232ab32210c | Migratory necrolytic erythema is seen in | Glucagonoma syndrome | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Sarcoidosis | Amyloidosis | 0a | single | Glucagonoma syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon. Necrolytic migratory erythema is often one of the first presenting symptoms. We repo a case of a 55-year-old man with a 2-year history of recalcitrant eruption. Abdominal computer tomography was performed, which revealed a tumor in the tail of the pancreas Ref H... | Medicine | Oncology |
b637cd13-9746-4e76-8e62-94ec70664892 | Nerve entrapped in pyriformis syndrome is | Superior gluteal nerve | Inferior gluteal nerve | Pudendal nerve | Sciatic nerve | 3d | single | Entrapment of Sciatic nerve by inflamed pyriformis muscle is called as pyriformis syndrome. | Anatomy | null |
a594969e-7b18-40ec-aaec-b5d51da1a73b | Case - control study is a type of - | Descriptive epidemiological study | Analytical study | Longitudinal study | Experimental epidemiological study | 1b | single | . case control studies are generally called "retrospective studies"are used to test casual hypothesis.they are basically comparison studies.cases and controls must be compared with respect to known "confounding factors"other kind of analytical studies include coho study. ref;park&;s textbook of preventive and social me... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
ca22543c-97bf-4d5f-89de-2d6e2654aae0 | Hyaline in islets of Langerhans resemble ? | Mucin | Amyloid | Glycolipid | Phospholipid | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amyloid | Pathology | null |
84cdc5be-4a78-436c-8edb-5bf75867cab0 | All of the following Vibrio sp. are halophilic,except - | V. cholerae | V. parahaemolyticus | V. alginolyticus | V. fluvialis | 0a | multi | Examples of Halophilic Vibrio –V. alginolyticus, V. parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus & V. fluvialis
Examples of Non Halophilic Vibrio – V. cholerae and V. mimicus | Microbiology | null |
1ec9a7d1-ed09-4428-b0f6-dae5c69a7a89 | All are methods of sterilization by dry heat except- | Flaming | Incineration | Hot air oven | Autoclaving | 3d | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
289413de-a1ae-43a1-a0d2-bf3e7f2b3972 | Which one of the following is the treatment of choice for lower ureteric stone | Endoscopic removal | Diuretics | Drug dissulation | Laser | 0a | single | SWL and URS both remain the mainstays of treatment of distal ureteral stones . It should be clear that it is imperative to tailor therapy choices to the individual patient, after careful discussion of outcomes of treatment: success rates, adjunctive procedures, and treatment related morbidity. Both patient factors (bod... | Surgery | Urology |
ce418a76-26ca-4dc7-9b8c-63a3c56d0386 | Asbestos used in - | Painting | Bakery | Cement production | Cotton industry' | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cement production o Asbestos is the commercial name given to certain types of fibrous material.o They are silicates of varying composition; the silica is combined with such bases as magnesium, iron, calcium, sodium and the aluminium.o Asbestos is of two tvpes-serpentine or chrysolite variety and the a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Occupational Health |
3271bd02-2937-44aa-9c80-df4e56b6d164 | Median rhomboid glossitis is seen in? | Candidiasis | AIDS | Chronic kidney disease | Mouth breathers | 0a | single | Median Rhomboid glossitis - - characterised by presence of redness and area of loss of lingual papilla on dorsum of tongue - usually seen among smokers and pt.'s using inhaled steroids - it is characterised by chronic atrophic oral Candidiasis | Medicine | fungal infection |
c79f5110-e729-42fa-8a77-a5aad04b8363 | The best method of curtailing the second stage of labour in heart disease is by: | Prophylactic forceps | Prophylactic ventouse | Spontaneous delivery with episiotomy | Caesarean section | 1b | single | Management of heart disease patient in 2nd stage:
No maternal pushing and the tendency to delay in the second stage of labor is to be curtailed by forceps or ventouse under pudendal and/or perineal block anesthesia. Ventouse is preferable to forceps as it can be applied without putting the patient in lithotomy position... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
deaa29b9-fa4a-445d-84fa-8546a13ac7e0 | Glycogen containing cells is feature of | Ewing's sarcoma | Chondromyxoid tumor | Chondroblastoma | Osteosarcomas | 0a | single | Ans. a (Ewing's sarcoma). (Ref. Robbin, Pathology, 6th ed., 1244)EWING'S SARCOMA# Ewing's sarcoma constitutes -10-15% of all bone sarcomas# Is common in adolescence (peak incidence in the second decade of life).# It typically involves the diaphyseal region of long bones, Also has an affinity for flat bones.# X-ray: cha... | Pathology | Osteology |
13f7e451-c2c1-4689-9934-05304e779e10 | False about Acoustic neuroma is : | It is encapsulated | It is the most common tumor of cerebellopontine angle | It involves inferior vestibular nerve more commonly than superior vestibular nerve | It is a malignant tumor | 3d | multi | Acoustic neuroma is a benign, encapsulated, slow growing tumor. | Surgery | null |
bf45216b-20e5-4a64-84d2-a36283428dd0 | Most common anterior mediastinal tumour is | Thymoma | Neurogenic tumor | Lymphoma | Teratoma | 0a | single | (Thymoma): {2181- H 18th edition)MEDIASTINAL MASSESAnterior mediastinumThymoma (Most common)***LymphomaTeratomatous neoplasmsThyroid massesMiddle mediastinum- Vascular masses (Most common)**- Lymph node enlargement from metastasis or granulomatous disease- Pleuropericardial and bronchogenic cystsPosterior mediastinum- ... | Medicine | Oncology |
aa4bb0c3-18cb-4fbc-9705-830d2906d5e4 | Rectum develops from | Cloaca | Hind gut | Allantoic remnants | Urogeital sinus | 0a | multi | Human embryology Tenth edition Inderbir Singh Page no 180 The most caudal pa of the hindgut is cloaca it is paitioned to form primitive rectum and primitive urogenital sinus upper pa of rectum that is pa above the middle fold of rectum,develops from endoderm of hindgut. lower pa of rectum that is pa below the middle fo... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
0e7f0fd1-9bf3-43e8-ae5f-87aa0b8950a0 | Smell of burnt rope due to poisoning with: AIIMS 14 | Aluminum phosphide | Cannabis | Arsenic | Cyanide | 1b | single | Ans. Cannabis | Forensic Medicine | null |
69a00e24-c8a9-49ac-90ae-6fc12c49b6e6 | HTLV-1 causes which of the following? | Tropical spastic paraparesis | Familial medeterranian fever | Cutaneous T cell lymphoma | burkitts lymphoma | 0a | single | HTLV1 causes tropical spastic paraparesis&adult T cell leukemia REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.567 | Microbiology | Virology |
19b125bd-9837-42a3-825b-b13a49e7dfaa | A 37 weeks pregnant woman attends an antenatal clinic at a Primary Health Centre. She has not had any antenatal visit till now. The best approach regarding tetanus immunization in this case would be to- | Give a dose of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) and explain to her that it will not protect the new born and she should take the second dose after four weeks even if she delivers in the meantime | Don not waste the TT vaccine as it would anyhow be of no use in this pregnancy Give one dose of TT and explain that it will not be useful for this pregnancy | Give her anti-tetanus Immunoglobulin along with the TT vaccine | All | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Give a dose of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) and explain to her that it will not protect the new born and she should take the second dose after four weeks even if she delivers in the meantime Guidelines on TT in pregnancy: Primigravida: 2 doses 1 month apa, after I trimester Duration of Protection with 2 doses ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
0e31af71-500f-4089-8e9d-39726cbc86a1 | Indications for instituting single-agent chemotherapy following evacuation of a hydatidiform mole usually include | A rise in hCG titers | A plateau of hCG titers for 1 week | Return of hCG titer to normal at 6 weeks after evacuation | Appearance of liver metastasis | 0a | multi | (Mishell, 3/e, pp 455-456.) Single-agent chemotherapy is usually instituted if levels of hCG remain elevated 8 weeks after evacuation of a hydatidiform mole. Approximately 50% of the patients who have persistently high hCG titers will develop malignant sequelae. If hCG titers rise or reach a plateau for 2 to 3 successi... | Surgery | null |
4f0b9333-cfb8-4da9-b5a4-f35e749370b5 | A 50-year-old obese woman has long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin and pioglitazone. Insulin glargine (15 units subcutaneously at bedtime) has recently been started because of a hemoglobin A1C level of 8.4. Over the weekend, she develops nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea after exposu... | Diabetic ketoacidosis | Hyperosmolar nonketotic state | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion | Drug-induced hyponatremia | 1b | single | This woman with poorly controlled diabetes has developed hyperglycemia and lethargy during an episode suggestive of viral gastroenteritis. Her presentation is most consistent with hyperosmolar nonketotic state. This condition typically occurs in type 2 diabetics who become volume depleted and develop renal insufficienc... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
63358381-ddd0-4891-be5a-bc77f2ccdeb4 | Deep inguinal ring is formed in: | Transversus abdominis | Transversalis fascia | External oblique aponeurosis | Internal oblique aponeurosis | 1b | single | Ans. B Transversalis fascia* Deep inguinal ring is an oval opening formed in transversalis fascia.# It lies about 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) above inguinal ligament midway between anterior superior iliac supine and symphysis pubis.# Medial to deep inguinal ring is inferior epigastric vessels.Extra Mile# Superficial inguinal rin... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
5304eb94-6208-4358-b2ae-7d115b814edb | Apoptosis does not occur by normal caspase pathway in? | Liver | Muscle | Neurons | Skin | 2c | single | Cerebral hypoxic-ischaemic injury is a significant cause of death and neurological impairment. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have shown that transient hypoxia-ischaemia leads to a biphasic disruption of cerebral energy metabolism. Related to this biphasic energy failure, two waves of cell death seem to follow... | Pathology | General pathology |
c67d7e0e-0b1b-44f5-83e6-63e285aa7ed8 | Chorea is NOT seen in | Huntington's disease | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | Rheumatic fever | Tourette syndrome | 3d | single | (D) Tourette Syndrome # TOURETTE SYNDROME is a neurological disorder characterised by sudden rapid, involuntary movements called tics, which occur repeatedly. Tourette Syndrome is also linked to other behaviours, most often OCD and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD).> Symptoms can include bouts of motor and vocal tics a... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
3f3c3bad-cf0b-4a6a-a510-0b2aac99a1c2 | Cellular cementum is | First formed cementum | Less calcified than acellular type | More calcified than acellular type | Less irregular | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
1bba8b8d-0a63-41ce-8444-90a115965ff4 | Newborn eye is ? | Myopic | Hypermetropic | Presbyopic | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypermetropic Eye at bih Anteroposterior diameter of eye ball is about 16.5 mm (70% of adult size). Adult size is attained by 7-8 years. Corneal diameter is about 10 mm. Adult size (11.7 mm) is attained by 2 years of age. Anterior chamber is shallow and angle is narrow. Lens is spherical at bih. Retin... | Ophthalmology | null |
8573e941-b1a0-47d0-9701-1671d471dafc | Carotid Sinus baroreceptor is most sensitive to | Pulse pressure | Diastolic BP | Systolic BP | Mean BP | 3d | single | carotid sinus baroreceptor is most sensitive to mean aerial pressure(MAP) Maximal baroreceptor sensitivity is seen near the normal MAP. Very Small changes in aerial pressure around this is normal MAP dramatically alters baroreceptor firing to ensure normal aerial pressure is maintained. Baroreceptors Stretch receptors ... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
c820bb73-73f6-4588-ab89-b99ca911cdc8 | Miotics are used in the treatment of | Open angle glaucoma | Angle closure glaucoma | After cataract | Posterior uveitis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Angle closure glaucoma * Treatment of choice for acute congestive glaucoma - Laser iridotomy (1st choice), Peripheral iridectency (2nd choice).* Drug of choice for acute congestive glaucoma - Pilocarpine .* Initially IOP is controlled (first drug used) - Systemic mannitol or acetazolamide. | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma |
432d2e39-7a1a-4fd8-bbee-e14cfc92d12b | This condition is associated with: | Osteopetrosis | Marfan syndrome | Osteogenesis imperfecta | All of the above | 3d | multi | Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder. Pale blue sclera is one of the characteristic features of osteogenesis imperfecta. Blue sclera are also seen in osteopetrosis, fetal rickets, marfan's syndrome, and Ehlers - Danlos syndrome. | Pathology | null |
7aacadfa-1bf0-4cdc-ad56-538a338853a4 | Health related goal in Sustainable Development Goals | SGD 4 | SDG 6 | SDG 2 | SDG 3 | 3d | single | Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed P.523 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health programmes in India |
bd223fae-4426-48e1-a014-ef00ff9e4661 | Treatment for stage T3N1 of carcinoma maxilla is | Surgery only | Surgery and radiation | Radiation therapy only | Chemotherapy and radiation | 1b | single | Maxillary carcinoma is of two types Squamous cell carcinoma -- (MC. type of carcinoma) Adenocarcinoma T/T of maxillary carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma - Combination of Surgery and radiotherapy gives better res is than either alone. Radiotherapy can be given before or after surgery (The t/t is same in every stage of m... | Surgery | Head and neck |
066afae7-0b95-492f-ab15-b24cfc6e6fb9 | Most common cardiac defect seen in Rubella syndrome | Pulmonary stenosis | VSD | ASD | Mitral regurgitation | 0a | single | Most common cardiac defect is PDA followed by PS, followed by VSD. | Microbiology | null |
1b670651-f39b-485a-a1fa-3dd13ad8df75 | All are true regarding WHO growth cha, EXCEPT: | It is an impoant tool for educating | The position of dot is more impoant than direction | Between top 2 lines it shows road-to-health | Lowermost line represents children below third percentile | 1b | multi | Growth cha is a visible display of the child's physical growth and development. The WHO prototype growth cha has 2 reference curves. The upper reference curve represents the median (50th percentile) for boys (slightly higher than that of girls), and the lower reference curve the 3rd percentile for girls (slightly lower... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
c756f8b0-4aab-4974-828b-c39338650c59 | Gene mutations in Cystic fibrosis occurs at | Short arm of chromosome 7 | Long arm os chromosome 5 | Long arm of chromosome 7 | Short arm of chromosome 3 | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
c7c5caed-4bc1-4d9a-8a98-e3aaa81f1315 | Femoral hernia lies: | Medial to the pubic tubercle | Lateral and below pubic tubercle | Through deep inguinal ring. | Through Hasselbach's triangle. | 1b | single | Ans: b (Lateral and below pubic tubercle) Ref: Bailey & love, 24th ed, p. 1281-1282FEMORAL HERNIA* Third most common type of primary hernia.* 20 % of hernia in females and 5% in men.* Most liable to become strangulated because of narrowness of the neck of the sac and rigidity of the femoral ring.* Strangulation is the ... | Surgery | Hernia |
b9edc21e-a28e-481d-8fe3-cf17a1ef49f9 | Two girls in the same class are diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis Their 12 yr old close friend is in fear of contracting dis what advice should be given to her | Two doses of polysaccharide vaccine | Two doses of conjugate vaccine | Single dose of meningococcal vaccine | No vaccine needed as exposure has already occurred | 1b | single | Meningococcal conjugate vaccine mcv 4 have new largely replaced meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine Mps in prevention of meningococcal dis CDC recommends that all adolescents should recieve meninegiococcal conjugate vaccine MCV 4 IM =1stdose at 12 12 years and booster at 16 years ref : ananthanaryana | Microbiology | All India exam |
81708a8d-4454-40f9-878e-863d86a4fed9 | All the following are the examples of enveloped viruses except: | Adenovirus | Coronavirus | Molluscum contagiosum virus | Herpes virus | 0a | multi | Option1 : Adenovirus is the example of non-enveloped DNA viruses. Option 2: Coronavirus is an Enveloped RNA virus. Option 3: Molluscum contagiosum virus is an Enveloped DNA virus. Option 4: Herpes virus is an Enveloped DNA virus. Other Enveloped DNA viruses: HBV, HSV, VZV, CMV, Poxviruses. Enveloped RNA virus: Flavivir... | Microbiology | Virology (General Propeies, DNA Viruses) |
c7bea16a-df24-492d-bd44-240f4c288cdc | The reflex originating from Golgi tendon organ to relax the responding muscle is a | Monosynaptic reflex | Disynaptic reflex | Polysynaptic reflex | Reflex centre of which is situated in medulla oblongata | 1b | single | (B) Disynaptic reflex # Golgi tendon organ> The receptor for the inverse stretch reflex is in the Golgi tendon organ.> There are 3-25 muscle fibers per tendon organ.> They are stimulated by both passive stretch and active contraction of the muscle.> The threshold of the Golgi tendon organs is low. | Physiology | Nervous System |
c1affdd9-c344-4b06-9745-f83800fc712c | Transient tachypnea of new born, all are true except –a) Mild pleural effusionb) Air bronchogramc) Reticular shadowsd) Prom. interlobar fissure | a | bc | ac | ad | 1b | multi | Distinguishig this disease from hyaline membrane disease is difficult. The distinctive feature of transient tachyapnea are
Mild symptomology
Sudden recovery of the infant
* Absence of roentgenographic reticulogranular pattern or air bronchogram. | Pediatrics | null |
03de16d8-7c48-42cf-9f30-2a7f2674eb51 | A primigravida was given dietary advice in the 2nd trimester. What should be the extra calorie intake in pregnancy? | 200 kcal | 300 kcal | 500 kcal | No extra calorie | 1b | single | ANS. B* In pregnancy: Add 350 kcal of energy and 23 g protein* For lactation: Add 600 kcal of energy (up to 6 months) and 520 kCal (after 6 months) and 19 g protein.Normal changes in pregnancyHematological changesCardiovascular changesPlasma volume increases by 40%Cardiac output increases by 40%Red cell volume increase... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Antenatal Care & Assessment of Fetal Well Being |
f782ad57-b3c3-4b1c-a471-3bcb188fa9e6 | Not an enrichment medium - | Selenite F broth | Tetrathionate broth | Alkaline peptone water | Loeffler's serum | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Loeffler's serum Type of mediumName of mediumLaboratory useLiquid Media A. Basal (simple)1 Peptone waterRoutine culture, basal medium for sugar fermentation testRoutine culture2. Nutrient brothB. Special (complex) a. Enrichedb. Enrichment1. Glucose broth1. Robertson's cooked meat medium2 Tetrathionate... | Microbiology | Culture media and method |
bb1fda51-e880-4797-beb7-50cd0afd4e71 | 5&; - Nucleotidase activity is increased in - | Bone diseases | Prostate cancer | Chronic renal failure | Cholestatic disorders | 3d | single | 5&; nucleotidase rise parallels ALP but is more specific for diseases of hepatic origin (Harsh mohan page 594) | Medicine | G.I.T |
9681d0f8-f250-473b-ad9c-903500a6d21f | Which is not true about dengue hemorrhagic fever | Shock | Thrmbocytopenia | Hepatomegaly | Plasma leaking | 0a | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
20d2c7b6-f5f1-4922-8e71-111f17478f4d | The most common pathogenic organism causing pyogenic liver abscess in children is: | Staphylococcus aureus | H Influenzae | Entamoeba Histolytica | Klebsiella | 0a | single | In children with pyogenic liver abscesses, the most common pathogenic organisms include Staphylococcus aureus | Pediatrics | Impoant Bacterial Diseases in Children |
0fedb6d1-8ae0-494c-b1e6-d6fc2c4e78b0 | Heparin is the commonly used anticoagulant in cardiac surgery. All of the following are true about heparin EXCEPT: | Weakest acid found in living beings | Most commercial preparations of heparin are derived from pig intestine | Acts via antithrombin activation | Produce thrombocytopenia | 0a | multi | Heparin is the strongest organic acid found in human beings.
It acts by activating AT-III that inhibits factor Xa and IIa.
Adverse effects of heparin are: Bleeding, Osteoporosis, Thrombocytopenia, Hypersensitivity, Alopecia.
Most commercial preparations of heparin are derived from ox lung and pig intestine. | Pharmacology | null |
2863ea0e-0a69-4f54-89f5-e3d101e61786 | Radiological examination shows evidence of bone infarct in a child. She may have the following condition: | Iron deficiency anaemia | Thalassemia | Sickle cell disease | Hereditary spherocytosis | 2c | single | Sickle cell disease is frequently associated with bone infarction resulting from vasoocclusion secondary to the sickling of red cells. Bone infarction also occurs in hemoglobin sickle cell disease and sickle cell thalassemia. The bone pain in sickle cell crisis is due to bone and bone marrow infarction. In children, in... | Pathology | null |
56d326ad-c2f1-4a72-9aea-da9a58bcad98 | Blunt injury to the eye often causes all of the following, EXCEPT: | Angle recession | Anterior polar cataract | Berlin edema | Avulsion of optic nerve | 3d | multi | Blunt injury to the eye causes: NON UVEAL CHANGES Lid edema or hematoma Subconjunctival hemorrhage Cataract Berlin's edema of retina UVEAL CHANGES Iritis Anterior chamber angle recession Tear of root of iris Hyphema Mydriasis Tear of iris sphincter Cyclodialysis Choroidal hemorrhage Choroidal rupture Chorioretinitis sc... | Ophthalmology | null |
41c3d3ec-1c9f-4cbb-91db-9dc58ab3362e | Platelet count is decreased in all of the following condition except - | H. S. Purpura | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic pupura | Systemic lupus erythematosus | 0a | multi | null | Medicine | null |
4c87c7d9-7f08-4656-8b44-3f6ccda01115 | Heritable changes in gene expression not caused by alterations in DNA sequence refers to: | Genetics | Epigenetics | Mutations | Transposons | 1b | single | Epigenetics Means 'above genes'. Study of heritable changes in gene expression that donot involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. This is a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. Epigenetic silencing (Genomic Imprinting) is one of the ways to turn genes off - contribute to differential expression. Ma... | Biochemistry | Mendalian Inheritance |
3359e038-5a65-444f-a01c-8e0618ab4e1f | A patient is having narrow angle glaucoma. Drug contraindicated in this patient is: | Acetazolamide | Timolol | Homatropine | Pilocarpine | 2c | single | Ans. C. HomatropineAny drug having anti-cholinergic action can produce mydriasis in eye. Mydriasis is dangerous in a patient of glaucoma as it can precipitate the attack of angle closure glaucoma. Homatropine is an anti-cholinergic drug, therefore should be avoided in Glaucomatous patientSome other classes of drugs, i.... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
46a0c16a-79b1-4872-a634-4e2b93b0f015 | Which of the following is the calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)receptor antagonist approved by FDA for treatment of acute migraine attack? | Rimegepant | Lasmiditan | Eletriptan | Erenumab | 0a | single | FDA approved rimepegant , a CGRP receptor antagonist for treatment of acute migraine attack in february 2020. Activation of cells in the trigeminal nucleus results in the release of vasoactive neuropeptides, paicularly calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), at vascular terminals of the trigeminal nerve and within the ... | Medicine | C.N.S |
4967b64c-5c5b-4e84-8275-6e3893b7bcd2 | Okazaki fragments are formed during ? | Transcription | Translation | DNA replication | None | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., DNA replication | Biochemistry | null |
ecc7b6be-696b-4f8a-a1f2-e7bf9e0b3fd3 | Which of the following can be oxidized by b- oxidation pathway? | Saturated fatty acids | Mono saturated fatty acids | Polyunsaturated fatty acids | All of these | 3d | multi | Ans. D. All of theseb- oxidation is defined as the oxidation of fatty acids on the b- carbon atom. It is a characteristic feature of all the fatty acid. Even chain fatty acids are degraded to form Acetyl CoA and Odd chain fatty acids are degraded to form propionyl CoA. Due to the presence of double bonds in unsaturated... | Biochemistry | Lipids |
2f3e0dc2-7e79-4d69-87a6-d05b30444818 | Christmas tree appearance seen in: | Myotonic dystrophy | Trauma | Chalcosis | Diabetes | 0a | single | About 90% of patients with myotonic dystrophy develop fine iridescent coical opacities in the third decade, sometimes resembling Christmas tree cataract. | Ophthalmology | Cataract |
4fca2e6e-5f23-46ef-8782-7357c0b7066c | Which is the predominant factor in the formation of the alveolar process: | Eruption of teeth | Normal process of growth | Lengthening of the condyle | Overall growth of the bodies of the maxilla and the mandible | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
8fb2ebe9-0802-4a24-a4d2-cfeef223f543 | Hassall's corpuscles are seen in | Thymus | Spleen | Lymph node | Appendix | 0a | multi | Corpuscles of Hassall - These are small rounded structures present in the medulla of the thymus. Each corpuscle has a central core formed by epithelial cells that have undergone degeneration. These cells ultimately form a pink staining hyaline mass. Around this mass there is a wall formed by concentrically arranged epi... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
313f8233-aad3-4f45-873c-b05abe53abea | Oral contraceptive pills act mainly by ? | Production of cervical mucus hostile to sperm penetration | Inhibition of ovulation | Making endometrium unsuitable for implantation | Enhancing uterine contraction to dislodge the feilized ovum | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inhibition of ovulation Mechanism of action of OCPs Inihibition of gonadotropin release from pitutary by reinforcement of normal feedback inhibition --> No prevulatory LH surge --> No ovulation This is the most impoant mechanism. Thickening of cervical mucus secretion (due to progesterone) hostile to ... | Pharmacology | null |
36cb7392-e870-4707-a5e1-d12533715fb9 | Drug NOT used in pulmonary hypertension - | Calcium channel blocker | Endothelin receptor antagonist | Alpha blocker | Prostacyclin | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., alpha blockers Pulmonary hypertension General managementDiuretic therapy may be useful as it relieves pulmonary edema.Anticoagulant therapy is advocated for all patients.Specific managementCalcium channel blockersPatients who have substantial reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure in response to sh... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
53fe3001-e4f1-48ac-abd7-ec257a01cdcb | All of the following features are seen in viral pneumonia except- | Presence of interstitial inflammation | Predominance of alveolar exudates | Bronchiolitis | Multinucleate giant cells in the bronchiolar wall | 1b | multi | Viral pneumonia is characterised by patchy inflammatory changes,largely confined to interstitial tissue of the lungs,without any alveolar exudate.The hallmarks of viral pneumonias are interstitial inflammation,necrotizing bronchiolitis,reactive changes with proliferation of lining epithelial cells of bronchioles and al... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
85d74ffb-504c-4db5-89f3-5bed5f38598c | Reticulocytes are stained by ? | Supravital stain | Purssian blue stain | H and E stain | Reticulin stain | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Supravital stain Usually supravital stains (methylene blue and Brilliant cresyl blue) are used for reticulocytes. | Pathology | null |
54acac23-122f-4118-bfff-5679b11ef0e1 | Which of the following is false about acute hemolytic reactions | Multi organ failure | Associated with fever, chills and rigors | Intravascular haemolysis | Complement mediated | 1b | multi | Acute hemolytic reactions are due to severe immune related transfusions(ABO incompatibility) resulting in potentially fatal complement mediated intravascular haemolysis and multi organ failure. Fever, chills and rigors are seen in febrile transfusion reactions due to leucocyte component in donor blood. Ref: Bailey and ... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
4a42eac7-828d-4d86-95f1-8f321189074a | Best investigation to diagnose fetal age is : | Serial Ultrasound | Amniocentesis | Fundal height measurement | X-ray | 0a | single | Serial Ultrasound | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
cea391f0-8c7c-4d8c-aca2-d2cb069c5edb | Paramesonephric duct develop into: | Vas deferens | Seminal vesicle | Ureter | Uterus | 3d | single | Mullerian(Paramesonephric duct) derivatives Uterus Cervix Fallopian tubes 4/5th of vagina Lower 1/5th derived from urogenital sinus Ovaries are derived from Genital Ridge Wolffian duct (Mesonephric duct) derivatives Epididymis Vas deferens Seminiferous tubules Prostatic urethra | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Mullerian Abnormalities |
79a9f197-4cf4-4026-8ccd-230dad72dc2b | Activation of the following type of receptors present on myenteric neurons by metoclopramide is primarily responsible for the enhanced acetylcholine release and improving gastric motility: | Muscarine M1 | Serotonergic 5-HT3 | Serotonergic 5-HT4 | Dopaminergic D2 | 2c | single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p646, 647) Gastric motility is increased by ACh. Release of this neurotransmitter is enhanced by 5HT4 receptor stimulation and 5HT3 and D2 receptor antagonism. | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
d31da558-dd00-4e5f-b2ac-3350681018e7 | Commando’s operation is for | Radical mastectomy | Oral cancer | Mandible | Leg amputation | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
26947ed9-9e38-4f7e-832e-f9215ef777bf | The function of proximal grooves in a class II cavity is: | Resistance form | Retention form | Increases strength | Resistance and retention form | 3d | single | Secondary retention and resistance form
Retention grooves and locks are placed in the proximal box | Dental | null |
b4c06080-2636-49ce-ace7-9e2d1b4b314e | Thyroid hormone acts through receptors present on | Cell membrane | Cytoplasmic membrane | Nuclear membrane | DNA | 2c | single | Thyroid hormoneEither of two hormones, thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3, secreted by the follicles of the thyroid gland. They act on receptors in tissues throughout the body to increase the production of cellular proteins, the metabolic rate, and the activities of the sympathetic nervous system.Ref: Ganong&;s rev... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
8a5aef7f-88a9-429d-8069-a33998beffcd | Battle's sign is: TN 11 | Hemorrhage around eyes | Mastoid ecchymosis | Umbilical ecchymosis | Vaginal ecchymosis | 1b | single | Ans. Mastoid ecchymosis | Forensic Medicine | null |
da6fa77a-de7d-49dc-82dc-8cc3de89fb96 | Dupuytren's contracture occur in -a) Diabetes Mellitusb) Alcoholc) Epilepsyd) Rheumatoid Arthritise) Chronic Pulmonary disease | bcde | abcd | abce | abde | 2c | single | The exact etiology is unknow; However, the condition is more commonly associated with following conditions :-
Epileptics taking phenytoin
Diabetes
Smoking
Alcoholic cirrhosis
AIDS
Pulmonary TB | Orthopaedics | null |
1fa5e019-4a18-43db-826d-5b70a0aee446 | Drug therapy used in treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy : | Diazepam | Disulfiram | Thiamine | Cynocobalamine | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
f18f2e1b-9eaf-4221-8211-812d22cddd57 | Landmark which is immune to surface deposition and resorption: | Xi point and Eva point | Point A and Point B | Porion and Basion | Pogonion and Gnathion | 0a | single | Arcial growth of mandible:
Proposed by Ricketts.
The advantage was that the arc of growth can be constructed for every individual depending on the length of the core of the mandible.
In order to locate the central core, which is immune to surface deposition and resorption, he introduced 2 landmarks - Xi point and Eva... | Dental | null |
812e7240-6761-4af4-b37d-9bd459801c9f | PCT secretes | Sodium | Glucose | Hydrogen ions | Amino acids | 2c | single | PCT secretes H+ into tubule thus helping in excretion . Ref: Ganong's review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no: 685 | Physiology | Renal physiology |
c46dd939-3151-4d2e-a6c9-42df748bdbd5 | Hypokalemia ECG changes all except | Tall T wave | Prolonged QRS interval | Depressed ST segment | Prominent U waves | 0a | multi | In hypokalemia T wave is inveed; Hypokalemia (plasma K+ +-3.5 meq/L)- ST segment depression.A prominent U wave is now present immediately following the TThe actual QT interval remains 0.4 s.If the U wave is erroneously considered a pa of the T,a falsely prolonged QT interval of 0.6 s will be measured. Hypokalemia (plas... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
cb8425ee-f337-4743-88bc-d82990f88795 | All of the following comes under priority of Stroke control programme EXCEPT: March 2013 (g) | Control of smoking | Control of hypeension | Control of diabetes | Control of alcoholism | 3d | multi | Ans. D i.e. Control of alcoholism The aim of stroke control programme is to apply at community level effective measures for the prevention of stroke. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
546beb2a-bb97-476c-98a8-1f12baddd83c | Displacement reaction is characteristically seen in: | Mania | Phobia | Conversion disorder | Depression | 1b | multi | Displacement and inhibition are the defense mechanism involved in phobia. | Psychiatry | Psychoanalysis |
c12ec952-a4fa-4fff-9c3b-d52ec7e0d7fb | Resistance form of cavity preparation is: | Flat pulp floor | enough depth of the cavity | Restricted size of the external walls | all of the above | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
2ea57dd1-9de6-4ac2-85d4-b9bb5d49bb0d | PMA index given by Schour and Massler is a method of assessing | Periodontitis | Oral hygiene | Amount of calculus | Gingivitis | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
5c49519a-ffa7-4d06-88e5-4233b28aebdb | A patient died on dental chair due to overdose of LA, cause for this can be | Apnea | Hypercapnea | Cardiac arrest | Dyspnea | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
9f1fa6b0-e758-4ec9-92cd-9894045d45f3 | Which of the following cellular compounds are involved in protein synthesis? | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Ribosomes | Mitochondria | 2c | single | Rough ER produces proteins that are not expoed, the better answer here would be ribosomes. | Biochemistry | null |
d90367d8-42a0-4839-a0b1-ca6556a1c123 | What is the capillary refill time in a child with shock? | >1 second | >2 seconds | > 3 seconds | >4 seconds | 2c | single | A delay in capillary refill more than 3 seconds indicates a fluid depletion greater than 90ml/kg or shock. A delay in capillary refill of greater than 2 to 3 sec indicates inadequate peripheral circulation (volume depletion of 50 -90 ml/kg). Capillary refill time: It is an indicator of the adequacy of of peripheral per... | Pediatrics | null |
13379e41-95d5-41b6-bab4-5223f8819f63 | In otosclerosis Carhart's notch dips at: | 1000 Hz in AC | 1000 Hz in BC | 2000 Hz in AC | 2000 Hz in BC | 3d | single | (d) 2000HzinBC(Ref. Shambaugh, 6th ed., 532)In otosclerosis the dip at 2000Hz is seen in bone conduction curve which is known as Carhart's notch. Mnemonic: Carhart's in Bone Conduction, CBC. | ENT | Otosclerosis |
b9e2c9c6-c3fd-44ad-989f-20cee309a88f | Microalbuminemina is defined as protein level of | 100-150mg/dl | 151-200mg/d | 30-300mg/d | 301-600mg/d | 2c | single | Refer Robbins page no Pg1120 The earliest manifestation of diabetic nephropathy is the apperacne of low amounts low amounts of albumin in the urine.. Greater than 30mg/day but less than 300 mg/day that is microalbuminuria | Pathology | Urinary tract |
5cf2578d-1379-4f2a-802b-4df82ce98e85 | "Adenoma - carcinoma sequence" is seen in | Follicular thyroid carcinoma | Carcinoma gall bladder | Carcinoma stomach | Carcinoma colon | 3d | multi | (Carcinoma colon) (1177-LB) (1179-B &L 25th)Adenocarcinoma of the colon: microscopically the neoplasm is a columnar cell carcinoma originating in the colonic epithelium. Macroscopically, the tumour may take one of four forms. Type 4 is the least malignant form* It is likely that all carcinomas start as benign adenoma t... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
c88b18ab-81ba-44e2-9d82-761827ca7d78 | Which of the following is the first sign that appear in hemorrhagic shock? | Hypotension | Tachycardia | Hypertension | Syncope | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
f9b1ab41-441f-4e77-98d4-a8891378b2a6 | In post-ductal coarctation of aoa collaterals may be formed by all of the following, except | Veebral aery | Suprascapular a ery | Subscapular aery | Posterior intercostal aery | 0a | multi | Coarctation of the aoa is a congenital condition whereby the aoa is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus aerioses inses. The word "coarctation" means narrowing. Coarctations are most common in the aoic arch. The arch may be small in babies with coarctations. Other hea defects may also occur when coarctation is ... | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
02f65d19-0c12-4d85-a41c-e30bf13cf252 | Which of the following is seen in the ovulatory phase: | Stimulation of continuation of reduction division of oocytes | Inhibin A is increased | FSH increases steroid synthesis in granulosa cells | Activin causes FSH to act on granulosa cells | 0a | single | Stimulation of continuation of reduction division of oocytes Ref: Speroff Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology & Infeility, 7/e chapter 6; Guyton 11/e p1012 The ovarian cycle can be divided into three phases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the intent phase. The ovarian cycle depends completely on the gonadotropic h... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
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