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6548a2f6-20ab-4fa9-8d60-2150686b6e20 | Causes of pulsus bisferiens | LV failure | Cardiac tamponade | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Constrictive pericarditis | 2c | single | Pulsus bisferiens(2 systolic peaks) is seen in
Aortic regurgitation +/aortic stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Medicine | null |
a2fddade-592e-41c1-ab00-06f0ec2ab174 | Best diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (head) is by: | Ultrasound | ERCP | CT scan | Angiography | 2c | single | Ans. CT scan | Radiology | null |
109d219e-278d-4308-b7cb-d98c07ecaa68 | "Water can perineum" is caused by: | E. coli | Enterococcus faecalis | Neisseria-gonorrhoeae | Treponemia pallidium | 2c | multi | (Neisseria gonorrhoeae): Ref: 227-AN 7th, 266-CPNeisseria gonorrhoeae: - The predominant manifestation in men is urethritis characterized by dysuria and a spontaneous purulent penile discharge. Chronic urethritis may lead to stricture formation. The infection may spread to the periurethral tissues, causing abscesses an... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
78f19fa4-71ef-48c8-a511-0f30846d95cc | Which of the following is the 'ordeal poison' used by tribes of Africa? | Physostigmine | Digoxin | Cocaine | Atropine | 0a | single | Physostigmine, also called eserine, is an alkaloid obtained from the Calabar or ordeal bean. The Calabar bean once was used by native tribes of West Africa as an "ordeal poison" in trials for witchcraft, in which guilt was judged by death from the poison, innocence by survival after ingestion of a bean. Ref: Taylor P. ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
f189fe71-68ca-44a7-a3b5-94c41523f550 | Eruption of lower 2nd molar occur before lower 2nd premolar; probable reason being | Crowding | Impaction of lower 2nd premolar | Premature exfoliation of primary 2nd molar | None of the above | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
4dd66238-2112-4f90-9b49-ff356b6c91be | In which of the following conditions is a person held responsible for a crime | Alcoholic paranoia | Delirium tremens | Voluntary drunkenness | Dhatura intoxication | 2c | single | C i.e. Voluantry drunkenness | Forensic Medicine | null |
3476a76c-299a-4de8-a264-f1c6035cbc53 | A teenage boy is brought to the psychiatrist with complaint of him talking and acting strange. On examination he has auditory hallucinations, agitation and rapid incoherent speech. The duration of symptoms is unknown. Substance abuse history is also unknown. The diagnosis could be all of the following except? | Schizoaffective disorder | Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Bipolar Disorder | Substance-induced psychotic disorder | 1b | multi | Although patients with generalized anxiety disorder can present with restlessness or irritability, they are usually not agitated and do not have auditory hallucinations or thought disorder. | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
d5e7a75e-8a49-4151-9cb5-d4e5b19e1a86 | Increased B12 level is seen in all, except: | Cirrhosis | Primary hepatocellular Ca | Hepatitis | Cholestatic jaundice | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Cholestatic jaundice) | Medicine | null |
e507b42b-225b-450c-90fc-5c173f62a091 | Laser uvulopharyngopalatoplasty is the surgery done for which of the following? | Snoring | Recurrent pharyngotonsilitis | Cleft palate | Stammering | 0a | single | Snoring : Noisy breathing, a rough, rattling inspiratory noise produced by vibration of pendulous soft palate or occasionally of vocal cords, during sleep. Snoring indicates some obstruction in upper airway and represents a continum of the similar pathology as of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), where snoring is on one e... | ENT | null |
4b6b2771-a9a2-4d75-83e5-d14b5a374e6e | The structure damaged in High Tracheostomy ? | Thyroid isthmus | Aoic knuckle | First tracheal ring | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | 2c | single | Ans. is'c' i.e., First tracheal ring(Ref: Dhingra dle p' 317)High tracheostomy: Performed above the level of thyroid isthmus which lies against II, III and IV tracheal rings:Indicated in carcinoma larynx when laryngectomy is anticipated.Drawback : tracheostomy at this point violates the 1st ring of trachea and causes p... | ENT | null |
233ae435-1fc6-45c9-ac10-00a0f4eb911f | Which is false regarding ether? | Highly inflammable | Causes hyperglycemia | Good muscle relaxation | Rapid recovery | 3d | multi | Ether anaesthesia has major demerit of slow induction and slow recovery. | Anaesthesia | Inhalational Anesthetic Agents |
9e35cb96-c1d1-457e-bfdf-28c0d7ca207c | Dinner fork deformity is seen in ? | Colle's fracture | March fracture | Lateral condyle fracture | Supracondylar fracture | 0a | single | Dinner fork deformity is seen in Colles fracture. Colles fracture is the fracture at the distal end of radius at coico cancellous junction, in adults, with typical displacement.commonest fracture of people above 40. It nearly always result from fracture on outstretched hands. C/f: The patient presents with pain, swelli... | Orthopaedics | Forearm wrist and hand injuries |
7f5a7fa3-2f29-4d81-a395-081f984889d7 | True statement regarding postmortem hypostasis is/are -a) Also known as rigor mortisb) Starts within 8 hours of deathc) Present all over the bodyd) It is present on dependent parte) Starts as blotchy discolouration | ab | de | cd | bd | 1b | multi | Postmortem hypostasis is known as liver mortis (not rigor mortis).
It starts after 1 hour of death as small discolored (blotchy) patches.
It is present an dependent part (not all over) the body. | Forensic Medicine | null |
f251c8a4-e371-4062-a0a6-9a6ad59cedbe | True about Histoplasma capsulatum - | Dimorphic fungus | Causative organism of moniliasis | Causative organism of valley fever | Capsulated | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
712e7578-fa82-44ea-ab18-eb756d79e47a | Common bile duct injuries are most commonly seen in | Radical gastrectomy | Penetrating injuries of abdomen | ERCP and sphincterectomy | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation | 3d | single | Bile duct injury and ligation Most benign strictures follow iatrogenic bile duct injury. Most commonly during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Incidence of bile duct injury during open cholecystectomy is 0.1-0.2 % Incidence of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is 0.3-0.85 % Ref :Sabiston 20th edition Pgn... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
32a63df2-70c6-47b7-91bd-4b5aa7bb92e5 | A middle aged woman presented with fishy odour vaginal discharge shows 'clue cells' in a wet preparation. She probably has: | Bacterial vaginosis | Chlamydia trachomatis | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Trichomonas | 0a | single | Clue cells are the most reliable indicators of bacterial vaginosis (BV). These vaginal epithelial cells contain many attached bacteria, which create a poorly defined stippled cellular border. The positive predictive value of this test for the presence of BV is 95 percent.Clinical criteria for diagnoses include,Homogene... | Pathology | null |
35d63a03-e154-4c00-8d82-0d8b4c39739a | Feature of neurogenic shock: AIIMS 14 | Tachycardia and hypotension | Tachycardia and hypeension | Bradycardia and hypeension | Bradycardia and hypotension | 3d | single | Ans. Bradycardia and hypotension | Forensic Medicine | null |
9adf71cc-77d2-4c2f-a6e8-072469a9537f | Complications of aerosol steroids use include : | Oral candidiasis | Cushing's syndrome | Decreased ACTH | Systemic complications | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
2fca2616-573e-4205-b9a1-be24f49e0104 | Most common presentation of Meckels diveculum? | Lower GI bleeding | Upper GI bleeding | Diarrhorea | Abdominal pain | 0a | single | .Presentations in Meckel's Diveiculum * Asymptomatic - in majority cases. * Severe haemorrhage most common, seen in children aged 2 years or younger (Maroon coloured blood). * Intestinal obstruction due to bands/adhesions/ intussusception. * Perforation. * Intussusception, volvulus of small bowel. * Peptic ulceration. ... | Surgery | G.I.T |
a532f7ee-2bd7-442f-9924-54b7df8743de | Koenon tumor is seen in - | NF | Tuberous sclerosis | Turners syndrome | Sturg weber syndrome | 1b | single | Koenen tumors are a pathognomic feature and one of the major Gomez criteria of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and usually appear after pubey in up to 50% of patients with TSC.Tuberous sclerosis complex, the preferred name for the condition previously known as tuberous sclerosis, is an autosomal dominant genodermatos... | Pathology | Endocrinology |
d85e8f89-b385-4b70-9aa6-e8a6dc09f781 | Flutamide is an: | Anti–convulsant | Anti–androgen | Anti–progestin | Anti–oestrogen | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
e0865c0c-2bd9-427f-b9d9-8383078acfec | Decidual space is obliterated by: | 10 th week | 12 th week | 18 that week | 16 th week | 3d | single | Decidual space is the space between decidua capsularis and parietalis seen in early pregnancy because the gestational sac does not fill the uterine cavity. By 14-16 weeks the gestational sacred has enlarged to fill the uterine cavity completely by 4 th month (16 weeks). Ref: Datta Observe 9e pg 22. | Anatomy | General obstetrics |
0ac0a77a-daa7-4a29-8bbd-2af9590e2396 | Which of the following anti-cancer drug is not anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive | Methotrexate | Azathioprine | L-Asparginase | Cyclopohosphamide | 2c | single | Ans. is .c' i.e., L-AsparaginaseThree anticancer drugs have bone-marrow sparing effect, i.e., they do not cause bone marrow suppression: - Vincristine, BleomYcin & L-asParaginase. | Pharmacology | null |
5613ff1f-eb32-4637-9fa3-1c568929a669 | A 70 year old patient comes with complaint of headache, nausea, tenderness over temporal region, diagnosis is? | Aneurysmal arterial dilatation with sub-intimal inflammation | Granulamatous inflammationwith giant cell arteritis | Luminol thrombosis | Acute organising thrombus formation | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
8268c423-9d26-43ce-860f-0bc4058c9051 | Which of the following are constituents of the cranial base? | Maxilla, mandible and cranial vault | Ethmoid, sphenoid and occipital | Palatal, nasal and zygoma | Frontal and parietal | 1b | single | The cranial base includes from anterior to posterior, the ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bone. | Dental | null |
a5b93b39-276c-4937-b58c-9cc763f9dd1c | Fan shaped patterns of small intradermal veins on medial or lateral aspect of ankle is called | Saphena varix | Hyphen webs | Corona phlebectasia | Dermal flare | 2c | multi | Corona phlebectasia is malleolar or ankle flare. | Surgery | null |
1994d3ee-02ff-4c90-8851-96cf7a553f7e | Special visceral efferent doesn’t involve | Nucleus ambiguous | Motor nucleus of fifth cranial nerve | Dorsal nucleus of tenth cranial nerve | Motor nucleus of seventh cranial nerve | 2c | single | Ref. Gray’s anatomy. 41st edition. Page. 982
All of the spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor functions and can be organized on the basis of the functional components of each nerve.
General Somatic Afferent (GSA) fibers are related to receptors for pain temperture and mechanical receptors in the skin, muscles... | Unknown | null |
db0a2265-3285-42ae-91d6-a92621dbaf27 | Which of the following is true regarding a phantom limb - | Occurs in leprosy | Follow amputation | Follow a psychiatric illness | After filariasis | 1b | multi | 'Phantom limb' is a term used to describe the feeling that the limb is still present after amputation. | Orthopaedics | null |
3bc32067-7c10-454e-99f5-86d96de7a90f | The asterisk is denoting towards which of the following structures? | Right anterior 4th rib | Right clavicle | Right posterior 5th rib | Major fissure | 0a | single | Posterior Ribs are Horizontal and Anterior Ribs are Oblique on Chest X-ray PA view The asterisk points to right anterior 4th rib. | Radiology | Radiological anatomy |
f7e37971-ef22-4ced-8c91-60330f20d272 | Enzymes of glycolysis are found in: | Cytosol | Cell membrane | Mitochondria | Ribososmes | 0a | single | All of the enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol. Ref: Harper 28th edition, chapter 18. | Biochemistry | null |
d7a166ef-defe-427e-9a71-096cdc501256 | All of the following are true about corneal endothelium except: | Cell density is about 3000 cells/min' at bih | Corneal decompensation occurs when cell count is decreased by 50 percent | Endothelial cells contain active pump mechanism | Endothelium is best examined by specular microscopy | 1b | multi | Ans. Corneal decompensation occurs when cell count is decreased by 50 percent | Ophthalmology | null |
7cb46866-da1e-417c-8a6f-5b46518d75b7 | A patient developed paraplegia. On routine examination and X-ray it was found that there are osteoblastic lesion in his spine. Most probable diagnosis is - | Carcinoma thyroid | Ca. Prostate | Breast Ca. | Pancreatic Ca. | 1b | single | Most common tumor producing osteoblastic bone metastasis is carcinoma prostate. | Orthopaedics | null |
2cf13d2f-f38a-408d-9ae7-e758bf17a3b9 | Surgical indications in inflammatory bowel diseases are A/E : | Obstruction | Perianal complication | Extraintestinal complication | Stricture | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
23beb36b-9e4a-4a25-9103-bdb4cd4a8464 | Good pasture's syndrome is charachterized by: | Anti-GBM antibodies | Crescenteric glomerulonephritis | Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage | All of the above | 3d | multi | Answer is D (All of the above): Harrison's syndrome is typically associated with anti-GBM antibodies, crescenteric glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage `Good pasture's syndrome is charachterized by the combination of Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage (DAH) and glomerulonephritis (Crescents; RPGN) assoc... | Medicine | null |
21d4fb25-6a85-4a0e-a5be-e5dc262444a7 | a-helix of protein is ? | Primary structure | Secondary structure | Teiary structure | Quaternary structure | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Secondary structure a-helix It is a spiral structure consisting of a polypeptide chain that is coiled around a longitudinal axis in a helical fashion.It is the most common secondary structure and a vast variety of proteins contain the a-helical structure.The a-helix is produced by formation of hydroge... | Biochemistry | null |
f2887abb-db29-4b36-8511-b6869344ec25 | Lesion in female child born to a mother treated with stilbesterol is : | Vaginal adenosis | Sarcoma Botyroides | Cervical erosion | Carcinoma endometrium | 0a | single | Vaginal adenosis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
24b23c77-bfe3-4764-a0d0-68c5c84d96ad | Distal clearance in surgery for carcinoma rectum is? | 2 cm | 5 cm | 10 cm | 8 cm | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 2 cm | Surgery | null |
171fd44c-a266-45b3-b35c-034fe6f1bb2c | Onion skin thickening of arteriolar wall is seen | Atherosclerosis | Median calcific sclerosis | Hyaline arteriosclerosis | Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis | 3d | multi | Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis is associated with malignant hypertension in which concentric thickening of the walls and luminal narrowing leads to “onion skin like lesions”. | Pathology | null |
a882a9e2-928a-4352-895f-bd14143e550a | Which of the following is not an antioxidant? | SOD | Vitamin A | Gluthione peroxidase | Xanthine oxidase | 3d | single | Antioxidant Vitamin Vitamin E Vitamin C Beta Carotene selenium Metabolic antioxidants Glutathione: Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in the biological antioxidant enzyme system others: Ceruloplasmin, Transferrin, Albumin, Bilirubin, Haptoglobin enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase) ref satyan... | Biochemistry | vitamins |
9ac8e2f7-840a-497f-9dc6-5df7c4fd7d02 | A 60-year-old male presents with hematuria, weight loss. Cystoscopy biopsy of the superficial lesion in bladder shows hyperchromatic nucleus, increased nuclear - cytoplasmic ratio, the lesion involves full thickness of epithelium but doesn't invade basement membrane. The diagnosis is: | Dysplasia | Metaplasia | Bladder carcinoma in situ | Micro invasion | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Bladder Carcinoma in situRef: Bailey 26th Edition, Page 1333* Carcinoma in situ stands when the lesion does not invade basement membrane. | Surgery | Urethra & Penis |
05cdd664-a4f0-4dab-8bae-0275bc288bf5 | All of the following are features of Scleroderma are following except | Diffuse periosteal reaction | Esophageal dysmotility | Erosion of tip of phalanges | Lung Nodular infiltrates | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Diffuse periosteal reaction Skin involvement in systemic sclerosis Skin involvement is a nearly universal feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc). It is characterized by variable extent and severity of skin. Thickening and hardening. The fingers, hands, and face are generally the earliest areas of the bod... | Medicine | null |
d5ccea7d-8ebb-465b-9d4d-a372d7f2a845 | A male patient 59 year old complains of multiple swellings in the neck , fever, and weight loss. General examination reveals painless lymph node enlargement in the neck and on blood investigation anaemia is revealed. Serum albumin is 32 gm/l. Lymph node biopsy shows Reed Sternberg cells.
The 5-year rate of overall sur... | 90 | 74 | 70 | 59 | 1b | multi | null | Pathology | null |
f7e99abc-d3e0-4879-91d2-30d290cbe3b7 | The most life threatening complications of septic aboion includes : | Peritonitis | Renal failure | Hemorrhage | None | 3d | multi | None | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ac9c0c2e-ef13-4f58-b465-098228477d05 | Insulin stimulated glucose transport is which type of transport- | Simple diffusion | Facilitated diffusion | Primary active transport | Secondary active transport | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Facilitated diffusion * Glucose is transported into the cells by two mechanismsi) Facilitated diffusion By glucose transporters (GLUT)ii) Secondary active transportBy sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT)* Insulin increases glucose uptake by increasing the GLUT4 on the cell membrane. Thus, insul... | Physiology | Endocrinology and Reproduction |
eaaa30e6-bd20-4070-9a56-46cd2a8e9920 | A traveling nerve impulse does not depolarize the area immediately behind it, because: | It is hyperpolarised | It is refractory | It is not self-propagating | The conduction is always ohodromic | 1b | single | When an AP is initiated at a point, the point goes into refractoriness when the Na+ entered through that point has excited the adjacent (2nd) point. so it will travel in single direction Hyperpolarization event is after the refractory period. | Physiology | Excitation and Action Potiential |
9bc04600-bb09-4e87-a908-889e7de20cb3 | The thyroid inhibitor with fastest mechanism of action is? | Potassium iodide | Propylthiouracil | Carbimazole | Cholestyramine | 0a | single | Though iodine is a constituent of the thyroid hormones, but still it is the fastest acting thyroid inhibitor. All the facets of thyroid function seemed to be affected by iodine. But the most impoant function of it is inhibition of the release of the thyroid hormone from the follicular cells which has been already synth... | Pharmacology | null |
c7fadc92-8f35-49ce-8736-4aa13954cc58 | Cyclic AMP acts as the second messenger for: | ADH | Glucagon | Calcitonin | All of these | 3d | multi | Ans. D. All of theseCyclic AMP is a very important second messenger synthesized by ATP in the presence of adenylate cyclase. Here the hormones bind to the cell surface (Plasma membrane) receptors and stimulate the release of second messengers.Second MessengerHormonesc-AMPCatechol amines, ACTH, hCGADH, Calcitonin, FSH, ... | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
a7d7a17d-919e-4c38-a006-5c4dc0ec2e55 | In which of the following tumors alpha fetoprotein is elavated | Choriocarcinoma | Neuroblastoma | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Seminoma | 2c | single | Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a normal component of plasma protein of the human foetus secreted by yolk sac and embryonal hepatocytes which reduces 2-3 weeks after bih and persists as a low value level. Normal value is up to 10 ng/ml of plasma.It is an impoant tumour marker for HCC and more often HCC with cirrhosis (betwe... | Surgery | Urology |
cecfd685-9d88-4293-aeb9-d4f9eb9fe9fa | Inclusion bodies seen in progressive myoclonic epilepsy - | Buschino bodies | Lewy bodies | Hirano bodies | Lafora bodies | 3d | single | Answer- D. Lafora bodiesLafora bodies- progressive myoclonic epilepsyHirano bodies- Alzheimer diseaseBuschino bodies- lateral sclerosisLewy bodies- Parkinson's disease and Lewy body disease | Medicine | null |
e92adf60-8a51-420a-8983-c30b017ef2dc | Widmark's formula is used for measurement of blood levels of: | Benzodiazepines | Barbiturates | Alcohol | Tranquilizers | 2c | single | Widmark's a = p.r.c., a= wt of alcohol in gms in body, p= body wt in kg, c= conc. of alcohol in blood in gm/kg, r = constant (0.6 for men, 0.5 for women).
For Urine, formula is- a = 3,4p.r.q, where q is the conc. of alcohol in urine in mg/kg. | Unknown | null |
a2cf9ac2-cb4a-4b47-889c-c1a3b1d95d27 | First centre that get activated before skilled voluntary movements is? | Neo cortex | Hypothalamus | Pons | Medulla | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) Neo cortexREF: Ganong's 22nd edition page 203Repeat from June 2011"The lateral corticospinal tract is concerned with skilled movements"See APPENDIX-15 for detailsOrigin: primary motor cortex (30%), premotor and supplementary motor area (30%) and somatosensory areas posterior to central sulcus (40%)It passes... | Medicine | General |
ba580b38-d60b-4acf-aabc-91a79668b598 | The classic triad of congenital rubella includes all except - | Cataract | Deafness | Retinitis | CHD | 2c | multi | Congenital rubella syndrome
Maternal viremia associated with rubella infection during pregnancy may result in infection of the
placenta and fetus.
The most important factor in the pathogenicity of rubella virus for the fetus is the gestational age at the time
of infection.
“In general, the earlier in pregnancy in... | Microbiology | null |
00ef4002-1b87-4440-b150-7bd29f0523be | Friedlanders bacillus also known as: | E. coli Pattern | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Vibrio parahemolyticus | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Klebsiella pneumoniae(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 280 and 8th/e, p. 278)"Klebsiella pneumoniae is also known as Friedlander's bacillus or Bacillus mucosus capsulatus."(Karl Friedlander, 1847-1887, German bacteriologist) - who helped discover the bacterial cause of pneumonia in 1882. | Microbiology | Bacteria |
98467279-563e-401e-a5ee-f2eb56977197 | Which of the following can be used for self tonometry? | Dynamic contour tonomety | Rebound tonometry | Perkins tonometry | Diaton tonometry | 1b | single | In self tonometry patient himself measures the intraocular pressure. The dynamic contour tonometer represents a potentially new technology for non-invasive and direct intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and has been proposed to accurately measure the true IOP irrespective of the corneal thickness. The Perkins tonom... | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma |
750649ed-92b2-4aba-b42c-de7b7e6a71a1 | EDRF is | NO2 | NO | N2O | SO2 | 1b | single | Endothelial cells that line the inside of blood cells could release a substance that relaxes smooth muscle (endothelial-derived relaxing factor, EDRF). CLINICAL BOX 5-7 Common Drugs That Act on Smooth Muscle Overexcitation of smooth muscle in the airways, such as that observed during an asthma attack, can lead to bronc... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
03dc96e9-7d18-4c12-b32e-6b187b42effa | Collection of urine sample of a patient of TB/kidney is done : | 24 hrs urine | 12 hrs urine | in early morning | Anytime | 2c | single | Ans. Is 'c' i.e. In early morning " Genitourinary tuberculosisGenitourinary tuberculosis accounts for about 15% of all extrapulmonary cases.Local symptoms predominate-Urinary frequency (MC) dysuria hematuria and flank pain are common presentations.Urinalysis gives abnormal results in 90% of cases, revealing pyuria and ... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
5c6dbd4b-16eb-4f62-9026-01581579e57d | A person is responsible for his crime even if done under the influence of alcohol after becoming intoxicated with his own will, comes under | Sec 82 IPC | Sec 85 IPC | Sec 86 IPC | Sec 90 IPC | 2c | single | Refer the byte "Legal sections". | Forensic Medicine | null |
57278879-fdd8-4dea-807f-9381d47b643d | Which of the following is the function of MHC I and II? | Signal transduction in T cells | Antibody class switching | Antigen presentation to T cells | Increase the secretion of cytokines | 2c | single | The function of MHC molecules is to display peptide fragments of protein antigens for recognition by antigen specific T cells. | Pathology | null |
4310536a-4999-4b66-8153-03b59f923953 | Which of the following circumstances trigger non invasive to invasive ventilation | Respiratory arrest | RR > 35 /min | Sev acidosis < 7.25 | All of the above | 3d | multi | Circumstances in which non invasive positive pressure ventilation should be changed to invasive ventilation Resp arrest Rr > 35/min Sev dyspnea with use of accessory muscles and possibly paradoxical breathing Life threatening hypoxemia PaO2 <40 mm hg Or PaO2/FiO2 <200 Sev acidosis (pH <7.25 ) and hyperapnia (PaCO2 >60 ... | Anaesthesia | Anaesthesia Q Bank |
d6b1e86f-51e4-4743-9c52-a73fbb6ec419 | Krukenberg's spindle seen in patients with pigmentary glaucoma refers to deposition of pigment on: | Trabecular meshwork (gonioscopic sign) | Back of cornea | Anterior surface of the lens | All of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. Back of cornea | Ophthalmology | null |
08ce32ba-c4dd-44e3-85ca-1bb081e29b46 | The commonest method of detection of diphtheria carriers is: | Schick test | Dick test | Casoni's test | Charles' test | 0a | single | Schick test, method for determining susceptibility to diphtheria; it laid the basis for inoculation against the disease. A minute amount of diphtheria toxin is injected into the skin of the forearm.
Redness at the site of injection after three days indicates a positive reaction (absence of circulating antibody) or a f... | Microbiology | null |
9f112726-22f0-4ed3-b626-65884607e276 | Serology of a young man shows HBsAg, however HBeAg is negative with normal levels of AST and ALT. He is asymptomatic. What is the next line of management? | Wait and watch | Antivirus | Immunoglobulins | Liver transplant | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Wait and watch In hepatitis B, among previously healthy adult who present with clinically apparent acute hepatitis recovery ocurs in 99% therefore, antiviral therapy is not likely to improve the rate of recovery and is not required. In this case also patient is viually asymptomatic, so no treatment is required... | Microbiology | null |
bb02f6d6-386c-4f1c-a24d-6c03ed639cb0 | Micro Munro abscess is seen in | Dermal tissue | Stratum corneum | Stratum basale | Stratum malphigi | 1b | single | Munro micro abscesses are seen in psoriasis it is the collection of neutrophils in stratum corneum. IADVLtextbook of dermatology page 1041 | Dental | Autoimmune skin disorders |
1695ff53-84da-48c5-82ec-721fa47c4596 | Testis tumor is associated with secondary hydrocele in | 1% of cases | 10% of cases | 20% of cases | 30% of cases | 1b | single | • Approximately 5-10% of testicular tumors may be associated with hydroceles. | Surgery | null |
3d417287-b0ee-4389-8635-b2c222cfcc22 | Upon Hysteroscopy which of the following cannot be seen: | Tubal ostia | Cervix | Endometrium | Tubal patency | 3d | single | Hysteroscopy is best for diagnosing lesions within the uterine cavity Also: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Oligomenorrhea amenorrhea, Recurrent Pregnancy loss Endometrial carcinoma, Un-explained infeility Suspected anomalies Missing IUCDs Diagnosing intra uterine submucous fibroids, Polyps, adhesions Septums etc. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Operative Gynecology |
15d2a5ae-cc38-4d27-9f5c-48419f3c20fe | A 35-year-old male develops involvements of PIP, DIP and metacarpophalangeal joints with sparing of the wrist and carpometacarpal joints. The probable diagnosis is - | Psoriatic arthopathy | Osteoarthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis | Pseudo gout | 0a | single | First let me exclude the other options :
MTP joint involvement is not seen in OA.
DIP joint involvement is not seen in RA.
In pseudogout, large joints like knee, ankle are involved. Small joint are not involved.
Now we are left with psoriatic arthritis. In Psoriatic arthritis any pattern of joint involvement can be... | Orthopaedics | null |
177c83b4-2ff9-498e-97ff-353a1dcb137a | Preformed toxin is impoant in food poisoning due to all, EXCEPT: | Staph aureus | Clostridium botulism | ETEC | B.cereus | 2c | multi | Food poisoning is of three types: INFECTIVE TYPE: In this type, multiplication of bacteria occurs in vivo when infective doses of microorganisms are ingested with food. Incubation period is generally 8 to 24 hours. The typical example of this type of food poisoning is by Salmonella typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Heide... | Microbiology | null |
76009247-07bb-43b4-9b1d-0b7c96dfea39 | A 27-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 2) comes to the delivery floor at 37 weeks gestation. She has had no prenatal care. She complains that, on bending down to pick up her 2-year-old child, she experienced sudden, severe back pain that now has persisted for 2 h. Approximately 30 min ago she noted bright red blood comin... | Stabilizing maternal circulation | Attaching a fetal electronic monitor | Inserting an intrauterine pressure catheter | Administering oxytocin | 3d | multi | The patient described in the question presents with a classic history for abruption-that is, the sudden onset of abdominal pain accompanied by bleeding. Physical examination reveals a firm, tender uterus with frequent contractions, which confirms the diagnosis. The fact that a clot forms within 4 min suggests that coag... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Labour |
0bb9317b-b4ad-4ced-8f2d-e2136299a51d | Normal Brown colour of stool is due to | Urobilin | Stercobilinogen | Stercobilin | Urobilinogen | 2c | single | Hemoglobin from RBC undergo metabolism and produces bilirubin and biliverdin. This, in turn, conveed into urobilinogen and stercobilinogen.This urobilin and stercobilin are responsible for giving colour to urine and stool respectively.During obstructive jaundice absence of this stercobilin leads to clay colored urine(R... | Physiology | G.I.T |
7665c3cd-b3c5-4f45-b7cf-1b351388ed2d | Swelling of thyroid gland, that does not move with deglutition is/are: | Retrosternal goiter. | Riedel's goiter. | Anaplastic carcinoma. | All of the above. | 3d | multi | null | Surgery | null |
bc64d45b-9f5a-4cc9-9421-02bf0735edfc | Pond's fractures are common in: AP 09 | Children | Adolescent | Adult | Old age | 0a | single | Ans. Children | Forensic Medicine | null |
fc5984fb-b7f4-48fb-878b-92894508fb2a | Which of the following is example of Nominal variable | Temperature | Roll number | TNM staging | Mid arm circumference | 1b | single | Roll number is an identity in the class ; Hence it is an example of nominal variable OTHER EXAMPLES NOMINAL VARIABLES ORDINAL VARIABLES METRIC ABO blood grouping Rh Types of anemia Sex - male/ female etc TNM staging of cancer Hypeension classification Severity of anemia Weight Height Hb Blood sugar levels Serum cholest... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostats |
061d0e46-3678-419c-ba60-b404f563e272 | Which of the following is not transmitted by Arthropod- | Q fever | Rickettsial pox | Rocky mountain spotted fever | Relapsing feve | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
ccb94910-2d21-4679-99d5-dd7a1f1bb8f1 | Under the national TB programme, for a PHC to be called a PHC–R, requisite is – | Microscopy | Microscopy plus radiology | Radiology | None of the above | 1b | multi | District tuberculosis centre (DTC) is the nucleus of DTP
The function of DTC is to plan, organize and implement the DTP in the entire district, in association with general Health services.
When DTP activities (Sputum microscopy, chest X-ray, Anti-TB treatment) are introduced in an organized manner in a peripheral healt... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a0b0e5bd-f2ba-4214-8b2e-7ea78f44fb43 | From Ist Jan 2007 to 30th June 2007, 22 new cases of tuberculosis were repoed per 1, 65, 000 population. But during this period 120 suspected cases of TB were newly registered. What will be the incidence rate? | 133 per 10,00, 000 population | 90 per 10,00,000 population | 75 per 10,00,000 population | 270 per 10,00,000 population | 0a | single | Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 60 Incidence = (no. of new cases of specific disease during a given time period / Population at-risk during that period) x1000 Incidence rate = (22/165000)x10,00000 = 133.3 per 10lakh | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
a5f8b7de-ff51-4af4-b772-2e8d89ddc716 | All of the following constitute supraglottic cancer except: | Vallecula | Lower border of cricoid | Posterior commisure | All | 3d | multi | The lingual surface of the epiglottis and valleculae are in the oropharynx. The glottis comprises the vocal cords and the anterior and posterior cornmissures. Subglottis is a small area extending from the lower border of the cricoids to the under surface of the vocal cords | ENT | null |
1bd5d0ae-ac90-4a00-8d52-a88b18faaf9f | Most common renal stone is | Triple phosphate | Calcium oxalate | Uric acid | Salicylate | 1b | single | Calcium oxalate stones - 60% Phosphate stones( hydroxyapatite and brushite) - 22% Uric acid stones -7 % ,struvite 7%.Cystine stones - 2% Reference : Campbell and Walsh urology 11th edition , chapter 51 , pg no 1181 | Surgery | Urology |
af7c25ee-05ad-4202-82a1-a3387bbeced3 | A 40-year-old alcoholic develops cough with foul smelling sputum and fever. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid level in the superior segment of the right lower lobe. The most likely etiologic agent is | Streptococcus pneumonia | Haemophilus influenzae | Legionella | Anaerobes | 3d | single | (Braunwald, 15/e, p 1478.) Of the organisms listed, only anaerobic infection is likely to cause a necrotizing process. Type III pneumococci have been repoed to cause cavitary disease, but this is unusual. The location of the infiltrate suggests aspiration, also making anaerobic infection most likely. The superior segme... | Surgery | null |
398a9955-3983-48cb-84bf-098f6a2bf585 | Omental bursa (lesser sac)A posteriorly perforating ulcer in the pyloric antrum of the stomach is most likely to produce initial localized peritonitis or abscess formation in the following | Omental bursa (lesser sac) | Greater sac | Right subphrenic space | Hepato renal space (pouch of Morison) | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Omental bursa BDC writes - "The posterior surface of the stomach is related to structures forming the stomach bed, all of which are separated from the stomach by the cavity of the lesser sac." Thus an ulcer on the posterior wall of stomach would perforate into the lesser sac. Also remember Most perfor... | Surgery | null |
7f7b700d-0f77-4357-8f06-c5ed513991b0 | Typhoid is treated by all except | Erythromycin | Ceftriaxone | Amikacin | Ciprofloxacin | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Erythromycin The older agents used for the treatment of typhoid were : Chloramphenicol Ampicilin Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole Beta lactam Parenteral - Ceftriaxone Orall - Cefixime These drugs are not used nowdays because of widespread resistance. o Nowdays the drug of choice for Typhoid all over the ... | Medicine | null |
70caa4e0-f3a0-4a03-a94c-9f4018334a5c | After finding a case of AFP, next step is ? | OPV vaccination | Repoing of case | Stool culture | Chemoprophylaxis | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Repoing of case Every case of AFP in any child under 15 years should be repoed. The number of AFP cases repoed each year is used as an indicator of a country's ability to detect polio, even in countries where the disease no longer occurs. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8063ef05-61ab-44c3-9b18-5772d74782d8 | The pathological feature in Wegener&;s granulomatosis on renal biopsy | Nodular glomerulosclerosis | Focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis | Granulomas in the vascular wall | Granuloma of parenchyma of kidney | 1b | multi | Wegener's granulomatosis is a necro-inflammatory lesion having 4 components granulomas of the upper respiratory tract, granulomas of the lungs, systemic vasculitis (page 403) and focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Ref: Harsh Mohan textbook of pathology 6th edition page 495. | Pathology | Urinary tract |
b5fca8e5-d540-4a39-8fd3-97c40caf5042 | Antioxidant vitamin - | Vitamin A | Ascorbic acid | Vitamin E | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above o There are two types of antioxidant systems :-Enzymatic antioxidant systemThis includeCatalaseSuperoxide dismutase (SOD)Glutathione peroxidaseNon-enzymatic antioxidant systemThis is further subdivided intoVitamins : Vitamin E, Vitamin A & beta carotene. Vitamin C.Minerals : Selenium,... | Biochemistry | Vitamins |
e8feda1a-023f-44db-a08b-4b88f832f99a | True about Pringles maneuver: | Clamping in foremen of Winslow and we occlude poal triad and IVC | Controls bleeding from poal vein, IVC & hepatic aery | Pringles maneuver is also known as total inflow occlusion | All are true | 2c | multi | PRINGLE's Maneuver Aka Total Inflow Occlusion Clamping in foramen of Winslow and we occlude the Poal triad. It controls bleeding from Poal Vein and Hepatic Aery. Bleeding is effectively controlled from Poal Vein as compared to Hepatic Aery. It doesn't control bleeding from IVC and Hepatic Vein | Surgery | Liver |
af573d25-64d5-4512-b553-4bf1b2944b2f | Test for ACL injury is - | Lachman | Bryants | Jobes | Hamilton | 0a | single | Ans. is `a' i.e., Lachman ACL injury ACL is the most commonly injured ligament of knee. Most common mechanism of injury is twisting (medial rotation) with valgus injury on semiflexed knee. Often with this mechanism MCL and medial meniscus are also injured. This triple injury of ACL , MCL and medial meniscus is called O... | Surgery | null |
e747fd38-74e9-4270-883d-a32d8dfe4778 | True statement regarding inverse agonists is- | Binds to receptor and causes intended action | Binds to receptor and causes opposite action | Binds to receptor and causes no action | Binds to receptor and causes submaximal action | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Binds to receptor and causes opposite action o Receptors are specific binding site with functional correlate,o In relation to action through receptors, two terms are important.i) AffinityAbility of the drug to combine with the receptor.It determines the concentration of drug required to form a signifi... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
65da6574-27a0-4e7c-9053-e74314f6e594 | Fibers most susceptible to hypoxia are | A | B | C | D | 1b | single | null | Physiology | null |
eacf31dc-3e08-45b2-8114-b7daad2bc9c4 | In urea cycle, hydrolysis occurs during: | Cleavage of Arginine | Cleavage of ornithine | Formation of Argininosuccinate | Formation of citrulline | 0a | single | Arginase the final enzyme of urea cycle is a hydrolase i.e. it uses water to break the bond in arginine It breaks arginine into urea and ornithine Urea is transpoed to kidneys from liver blood and then excreted in urine | Biochemistry | Urea cycle |
3ebd752f-6b6f-49ee-a354-ff4f868d5669 | Accumulation of lipoproteins in atherosclerosis in the form of | Oxidised LDL | HDL | VLDL | Glycerides | 0a | single | (Oxidised LDL) (499-Robbins-Pathologic basis of disease 8th)Accumulation of lipoproteins mainly LDL and its oxidized forms in the vessel wall OXIDIZED-LDL1. In ingested by macrophages through scavenger receptors distinct from the LDL receptor thus forming foam cells2. Increases monocytes accumulation in lesions3. Stimu... | Pathology | Blood Vessels |
8a82bdd3-f4ab-4997-970a-7c6d7bc1b3e2 | Calcium carbonate is used for | Antacid | Renal stone | Metabolic alkalosis | Renal failure | 0a | single | Ref: Katzung's, 14th ed. pg. 1089* This medication is used to treat symptoms caused by too much stomach acid such as heartburn, upset stomach, or indigestion.* It is an antacid that works by lowering the amount of acid in the stomach.* It can also be used in renal osteodystrophy with hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and... | Pharmacology | G.I.T |
41615fb6-dd78-43be-96df-ec3200037422 | Hypochondriasis is? | Preoccupation with fear of a serious illness | Preoccupation with multiple symptoms | Maintaining sick role | Intentional production of false or exaggerated physical symptoms | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Preoccupation with fear of a serious illness Hypochondriasis* The primary feature of hypochondriasis is persistent preoccupation with excessive fear of a serious (e.g., cancer) or incurable (e.g., AIDS) disease, which is based on person's own interpretation of physical symptoms or sensation, i.e., mis... | Psychiatry | Somatoform Disorders |
603e722d-84ba-48cd-bf64-508a3a9cbacb | Daily energy requirment for reference female, who is sedentary (in Kcal) - | 1900 | 2730 | 2500 | 2850 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1900 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7b9d946f-bcff-4c3a-b0aa-b771ab860a07 | What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns? | Congenital pneumonia | Hyaline membrane disease | Congenital diaphragma c hernia | Transient tachypnea of the newborn | 3d | single | Transient tachypnea of the newborn is a respiratory problem that can be seen in the newborn sholy after delivery. It is caused by retained fetal lung fluid due to impaired clearance mechanisms. It is the most common cause of respiratory distress in term neonates. Ref : essential paediatrics op ghai 9edition Pg no : 210 | Pediatrics | Growth and development |
c7378582-71f3-4766-927d-9778bfec4b62 | Eye of newborn is | Emmetrophic | Hypermetrophic | Myopic | Astigmatic | 1b | single | Eye at bih Anteroposterior diameter of eyeball is about 16.5 mm Corneal diameter is about 10 mm Anterior chamber is shallow and angle is narrow Pupil is small and doesnot dilate fully. Lens is spherical at bih Retina is fully differentiated at bih. Macula differentiates 4-6 months after bih Myelination of optic nerve f... | Ophthalmology | Anatomy, Development and clinical examination |
5efb693b-0d9f-411e-bbcb-50ac2af7ba9d | Urge to urinate begins at what volume of urine in bladder? | 150-200 ml | 250-400 ml | 500 ml | 550-600 ml | 0a | single | The first urge to void is felt at a bladder volume of about 150 mL, and a marked sense of fullness at about 400 mL The suppression of urge after initial experience is a manifestation of the law of Laplace. This law states that the pressure in a spherical viscus is equal to twice the wall tension divided by the radius. ... | Physiology | Renal physiology |
b4aa8ec3-8465-480a-98fa-b431725aff83 | Frontal lobe syndrome involves | Impaired recent memory | Emotional instability | Attention deficit | All of the above | 3d | multi | Frontal lobe syndrome :
Euphoria
Impaired recent memory
Flight of ideas
Attention deficit | Physiology | null |
3ad5ad31-40d7-4ac8-b985-e675f5a574da | Uterine contractions are clinically palpabel when there intensity is more than | 10 mm Hg | 15 mm Hg | 20 mm Hg | 40 mm Hg | 0a | multi | Uterine contractions: Palpable when intensity exceeds 10 mm Hg Painful when exceeds 15 mm Hg | Anatomy | General obstetrics |
c608ba1e-f15d-48d2-bae1-80841dfdeaa2 | Which of the following agents is used for the treatment of post operative shivering? | Atropine | Pethidine | Thiopentone | Suxamethonium | 1b | single | Treatment of post operative shivering involves oxygen administration to prevent hypoxia, active warming and use of drugs. Pethidine at a minimum dose of 0.35mg/kg is the most effective opioid in the treatment of post anaesthetic shivering. Fentanyl, Aalfentanil and Doxapram at a dose of 0.2mg/kg is also effective. Ref:... | Anaesthesia | null |
f6d42ad0-e944-4b75-a4f1-4cd1d279ceaf | Best disinfectant for endoscopes is: | Hypochlorite | Formaldehyde | Glutaraldehyde | Chlorhexidine | 2c | single | Activated 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde is used for decontaminating flexible endoscopes.
Advantages
Relatively non-corrosive
Will kill spores with prolonged exposure (3- 10 hours).
Disadvantages
Toxic. Irritant.
Possible alternatives:
Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) peracetic acid.
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) products (su... | Microbiology | null |
2c64f6f2-f5c6-4996-b807-fc177c990926 | A 38-year-old woman undergoes a subtotal thyroidectomy The biopsy specimen contains psammoma bodies and prominent papillae of epithelium with fibrovascular core. Nuclear region of the cells shows a groove formation, optical clearing, eosinophilic inclusions, and overlapping of nuclei
Which of the following is the mos... | Follicular thyroid carcinoma | Medullary thyroid carcinoma | Papillary thyroid carcinoma | Reidel’s thyroiditis | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
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