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730af1cb-d413-45a0-965f-0af830653224 | About diagnosing air embolism with transesophageal echocardiography, which of the following is false – | It can quantify the volume of air embolised | It is a very sensitive investigation | Continuous monitoring is needed to detect venous embolism | Interferes with doppler when used together | 3d | multi | Transesophageal echocardiography does not interfere with doppler when used together. Infact, Doppler modalities are generally available on modern transesophageal echocardiography system to increase its effectiveness.
TEE is the most sensitive investigation for air embolism. | Radiology | null |
7e2b6e85-8aac-4b11-98e0-eba6d1ddade3 | Which of the following is the commonest cause of lower GI bleed: | Angiodysplasia | Enteric fever | Diveiculosis | Hemorrhoids | 3d | single | Answer is D (Hemorrhoids) 'Hemorrhoids are probably the most common cause of Lower GIBleed (LGIB)' | Medicine | null |
a37e61fa-c3e1-4ec3-8137-c747966bb59d | Characteristic radiological feature of fibrous dysplasia: | Thickened bone matrix | Coical erosion | Ground glass appearance | Bone enlargement | 2c | single | Ans. Ground glass appearance | Radiology | null |
65253d18-8a32-4b29-a04b-6aaf8ad9cc63 | In blast injury, what is the organ to be damaged first- | Tympanic membrane | Git | Liver | Lung | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Tympanic membraneBlast or shock waveo When an explosion occurs, the explosive material produces a large volume of gas and releases a large amount of energy. It produces a 'shock wave' which spread concentrically from the site of explosion. The injuries depend on the environment in which blast occurs :-... | Forensic Medicine | Misc. |
96a79b85-feb5-4d6f-8719-af673adcce58 | Which is a live vaccine: | BCG | Salk | DPT | Tetanus toxoid | 0a | single | BCG | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9a87a276-c322-4400-9265-404b53c5a8d0 | Fluid levels are not visible in | Meconeum ileus | Intussusception | Colon pouch | Duodenal obstruction | 0a | single | In meconium ileus meconium is so thick that it is unable to form air-fluid level despite complete small intestinal obstruction (Note the multiple air-fluid level is a feature of mechanical small bowel obstruction & paralytic ileus). | Surgery | null |
05759983-b6d9-4716-bdfe-046ac69a704c | Which of the following are the adverse effects of pioglitazone? | Weight gain | Hepatotoxicity | Increased risk of urinary bladder cancer | All of the above | 3d | multi | Glitazones - They act by stimulating PPAR- g receptor - Reverse insulin resistance - e.g. Pioglitazone Pioglitazone: -Adverse effects: Hepatotoxic Sodium and water retention weight gain Increases risk of urinary bladder carcinoma Avoid in liver disease or hea failure -Rosiglitazone increases the risk of myocardial infa... | Pharmacology | Pancreas |
5ab7ba71-f4a8-4f49-b494-4078272e6b6c | Modified shock index formula is: | Hea rate/Systolic BP | Hea rate/Diastolic BP | Hea rate/Mean aerial pressure | Pulse rate/Systolic BP | 2c | single | Shock Index(SI) Modified Shock Index (MSI) SI is defined as hea rate divided by systolic BP Better marker for assessing severity of shock than hea rate & BP alone. Utility in trauma patients , sepsis, obstetrics, myocardial infarction, stroke & other acute critical illnesses. Correlated with need for interventions such... | Surgery | General surgery |
79a6aa25-46ee-4b6f-89d5-e06c5935a367 | 114.The following Peripheral Smear shows presence of? | Gametocyte | Sporozoite | Merozoite | Schistocyte | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Gametocyte.The arrow points to a "banana-shaped" gametocyte of Plasmodium falciparum.Image source- style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif"> | Microbiology | Parasitology |
ceb5c8b4-527c-4110-8957-b2006a22f791 | Chronic gastritis is caused by all except | H. Pylori | Pernicious anemia | Alcohol | Overuse of salicylates | 3d | multi | Overuse of salicylates (NSAIDs) cause acute gastritis
Gastritis
Gastritis is the inflammation of Gastric mucosa.
It is a histological diagnosis and can be divided into -
A. Acute gastritis
It is acute mucosal injury, usually transient in injury and is associated with neutrophilic infiltration.
Important causes are
... | Pathology | null |
a0c0eb63-aa2c-468c-9ccd-a221f0bf6709 | What is the dose of Adrenaline given intravenously in cardiac arrest victim- | 10 ml 1 in 10,000 | 1 ml 1 in 10,000 | 2 ml 1 in 1000 | 10 ml 1 in 1000 | 0a | single | Adrenaline given IV is given in 1 in 10,000 concentration. 10 ml 1 in 10000 is given . REMEMBER : 1mg in 10ml | Anaesthesia | Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation |
b2777bc5-a5ef-45ba-951f-41fb8d973a1f | A 50 year old male presents with malignant hypeension. the drug of choices | Sodium nitroprusside | Sublingual nifedipine | Furosemide | Enalapril | 0a | single | It is a first choice drug for malignant hypeension Refer kDT 11e p185 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
a50a9d42-04b0-4c5c-9048-ec83e61e130e | In wiskott - Aldrich syndrome true is | Raised IgE | Raised IgM | Reduced IgA | CD4 and CD8 defect | 0a | multi | null | Pathology | null |
60c5c6b6-f481-48cc-9bc2-5ca6fea64583 | Which of the following type of facebow is most commonly used for complete denture fabrication: | Kinematic face bow. | Arbitrary face bow. | Any of the above. | None. | 1b | multi | Arbitrary face bows are used to record terminal hinge axis arbitrarily. It is most commonly used in complete denture prosthodontics. It may be of facia type or earpiece type.
Kinematic face bow is used to determine and locate the exact hinge axis point. It is attached to lower jaw. It is not used for complete denture f... | Dental | null |
ba0e24e6-3b49-4933-8dbe-4ea3ff29686a | If circumflex artery gives the posterior interventricular branch, this circulation is described | Right dominance | Left dominance | Codominance | Undetermined | 1b | single | In about 10% of hearts, the right coronary is rather small and is not able to give the posterior interventricular branch.
In these cases the circumflex artery, the continuation of left provides the posterior interventricular branch and called left dominant. | Anatomy | null |
b72ab328-cc7b-4610-8adb-3628750c3853 | In Lepra reaction, the drug useful is: | Pencillins | Clofazimine | Dapsone | Rifampicin | 1b | single | Ans. (B) Clofazimine(Ref: KDT 8th/e p833)Anti-inflammatory drugs are used in lepra reaction. Steroids, clofazimine and thalidomide can be used. | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles |
fffbc1a6-349b-410f-a8c5-b0e5cade4636 | Disc with three germ layers are formed at which week of gestation - | 1 week | 3 week | 5 week | 10 week | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 3 weeks Preembryonic phase of developmento Preembryonic phase of development extends from day zero to 3 weeks (days 0-21).o This phase of development can be further subdivided into :-Fertilization and implantation (first week of development)First week of development begins immediately after fertilizat... | Anatomy | Fertilization and Development of Embryo |
03951475-92a6-47a2-870f-35b196ed4d83 | A child has fever with redness of cheek. The causative organism fohis condition is: | Herpes virus | Parvovirus B-19 | Adenovirus | Rubella | 1b | single | Ans. (B) Parvovirus B-19Exanthema infectiosum:The characteristic rash first appears as erythematous flushing on the face in a slapped cheek appearance (red cheek).The most common manifestation of parvovirus B19 is erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease, which is a benign, self-limited exanthematous illness o... | Pediatrics | null |
74d57467-c332-4eb3-aede-9e991d09384c | Epidermal cyst is lined by: March 2012 | Transitional epithelium | Stratified squamous epithelium | Columnar epithelium | Cuboidal epithelium | 1b | single | Ans: B i.e. Stratified squamous epithelium Epidermal cysts are lined with true stratified squamous epithelium derived from the inflindibulum of the hair follicle or traumatic inclusion. | Surgery | null |
0a4cd0f0-895b-409c-a2e1-b3903205bc0f | Content(s) of bicipital groove is/are | Synol membrane of shoulder jt | Ascending branch of anterior circumflex aery | Ascending branch of posterior circumflex aery | Radial aery | 1b | single | BICIPITAL GROOVE:-Veical groove between greater and lesser trochanter.Contents:-1. Long head of biceps.2. Ascending branch of anterior circumflex humeral aery.Muscles attachments:/1. Pectoralis major- outer lip2. Teres major- inner lip3. Latissimus dorsi- floor of groove. {Reference: Vishram Singh, pg no.22} | Anatomy | Upper limb |
e1ed191c-187d-4532-8548-17ee8d6d241d | Diapedesis is - | Immigration of leucocytes through the basement membrane | Immigration of the leucocytes through the vessel wall to the site of inflammation | Aggregation of platelets at the site of bleeding | Auto digestion of the cells. | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Immigration of the leucocytes through the vessel wall to the site of inflammationo Diapedesis is the process of transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium. The most impoant molecule responsible for diapedesis is called PECAM-1 (Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule) or CD-31. | Pathology | null |
854b52c1-ecbe-449b-ac46-af7ab10fd5b9 | Ectodermal dysplasia manifested as: | Hypohidrosis. | Hypotrichosis. | Hypodontia. | All of the above. | 3d | multi | Ectodermal dysplasia is characterized by congenital dysplasia of ectodermal structures, manifested as hypohidrosis (partial or complete absence of sweat glands) hypotrichosis and hypodontia or partial anodontia. | Pathology | null |
e30fad90-0971-4d0e-a59c-91124c73d31e | Achondroplasia shows which of the following type of inheritance? | Autosomal dominant | Autosomal recessive | X linked dominant | X linked recessive | 0a | single | Autosomal dominant : von villebrands , adult pkd , myotonic dystrophy , tuberous sclerosis, huntingtons disease , osteosclerosis Autosomal recessive:- cystic fibrosis , congenital deafness , PKU, spinal muscular dystrophy X LINKED dominant :- Xg group , vit D resistant rickets , incontinentia pigmentia X Linked recessi... | Orthopaedics | DNB 2018 |
3d19f885-0f36-4004-ab1e-8c8d8c13b842 | The following anticholinergic drug has comparitively specific action on gastric secretion & is useful in peptic ulcer - | Atropine | Pirenzipine | Oxyphenonium bromide | Dicyclomine | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pirenzepine USES OFANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS 1. Eye o Homatropine, cyclopentolate and tropicamide are used as mydriatics (see above explanation) 2. Preanaesthetic medications Due to irritation, some anaesthetic agent produce reflex bronchospasm and increased secretions. o All these effects are due to musc... | Pharmacology | null |
7d996f6b-5da5-48d8-bdd2-af9fa9ae1daa | Which of the follow ing is cause of RBBB ? | It can occur in a normal person | Pulmonary embolism | Corpulmonale | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 4d' i.e.. All of the above Causes of RBBBNormal physiologicalPulmonary embolism/corpulmonalePulmonary artery hypertensionASDRheumatic heart disease | Medicine | Arrhythmias |
fac82f4d-0cf4-4a8f-9a0b-562ea8dc101f | Kaplan Meier method is used for estimating :- | Incidence | Frequency | Prevalence | Survival | 3d | single | Kaplan Meier Survival Curve is used to estimate survival. -The area under the curve gives cumulative survival. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Definition and Concepts, Examples from NHPs |
96881aee-6525-42e0-b33c-40c8f5c07d4c | Most com mon neuropathy in DM is - | Distal symmetric neuropathy | Autonomic neuripathy | Mononeuropathy | Amyotrophy | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e,, Distal symmetric neuropathy o Diabetic neuropathy may manifest as polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy and autonomic neuropathy. but the most common form of diabetic neuropathy is distal symmetric polyneuropathyQ. | Medicine | Diabites & Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone |
81659bf2-6718-420a-8442-1986d56e5ac3 | Drug of choice for CML: | Imatinib | Cisplatin | Methotrexate | Tamoxifen | 0a | single | Ans. A. ImatinibImatinib is drug of choice of chronic myeloid leukemia. Cisplatin is given for ovarian cancer. Methotrexate is given for testicular cancer or carcinoma cervix. Tamoxifen is given for breast cancer. | Pharmacology | Anti-Cancer |
82ce7ee7-88d8-472f-ba1c-b810635abc74 | All the statements are true about exotosis, EXCEPT: | Growth continues after skeletal maturity | It is covered by cailaginous cap | Malignant transformation may occur | A veically transmitted disorder | 0a | multi | Exotosis or osteochondroma is the commonest benign "tumour" of the bone. It is not a true neoplasm since its growth stops with cessation of growth at the epiphyseal plate. It is a result of an aberration at the growth plate, where a few cells from the plate grow centrifugally as a separate lump of bone. Ref: Apley's Sy... | Surgery | null |
d216bd01-27e4-47e4-a710-2d52ebb52328 | Gene cassette is: | Circular, autonomously replicating element | Integrated elements that can excise to form a non-replicating circular transfer intermediate | Circular, non-replicating DNA segments containing only open reading frames | Integrated DNA segment that contains an integrase, a promoter, and an integration site | 2c | single | Element Characteristic Role in spread of resistance genes Self transmissible plasmid Circular, autonomously replicating element; carries genes needed for conjugal DNA transfer Transfer of resistance genes; mobilization of other elements that carry resistance genes Conjugative transposon Integrated elements that can exc... | Microbiology | null |
2b08ef6f-6bda-495c-ba5a-1b879c12dc3a | Ninhydrin test is used for - | Bile salts | Amino acids | Nucleic acid | Lipids | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amino acids Important chemicai reactions of amino acidso Fol(owing are some important chemical reactions.Reaction used to determine amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain : -Generally, amino terminal (N-tenninal) of amino acid is tagged with some reagent. It is split offby hydrolysis and tagged amin... | Biochemistry | Amino Acids Basics |
e4ab8993-f5ec-4b2b-a898-60ca9293dd24 | How many weeks after delivery blood volume returns to pre-pregnant levels : | 1 week | 2 weeks | 4 weeks | 6 weeks | 1b | single | Blood volume reaches prepregnant value by 1 week postpaum after delivery Cardiac Output reaches prepregnant value by 10days postpaum after delivery Reference: William's Textbook of Obstetrics 24th edition page no 690 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
a1624d38-9b55-4d7b-bf90-f757c26fc061 | Apexification is the treatment of choice for a permanent tooth with wide open apex when: | The pulp is necrotic | The pulp is vital | The pulp and root canals are calcified | There is traumatic pulp exposure during cavity preparation | 0a | single | Apexification is the process of inducing the development of the root and the apical closure in an immature pulpless tooth with an open apex.
The main aim of apexification is to preserve the Hertwig’s root sheath and apical pulp tissue.
Ref :Textbook of endodontics, Nisha Garg and Amit Garg, 3rd edition, pg no:548 | Dental | null |
f893d36d-3e05-435f-9266-1dd3ab1f6ac9 | Following surgical opening of the adductor canal, a patient experienced a loss of cutaneous sensation of the medial side of the leg. Which nerve was cut in the procedure? | Ilioinguinal | Femoral | Obturator | Saphenous | 3d | single | The saphenous nerve is a branch of the femoral nerve. This nerve, and the nerve to vastus medialis, are the only nerves found in the adductor canal. So, it makes sense that one of these structures was injured. The saphenous nerve is a sensory nerve only; it supplies the skin on the medial side of the leg. The patient's... | Anatomy | null |
1ab3a016-1917-4198-b377-a2da2570beef | As compared to iron deficiency anemia, which of the following is decreased in anemia of chronic disease? | Endogenous bone marrow iron stores | Serum ferritin | Transferrin saturation | TIBC | 3d | single | Answer- D. TIBCMCV/MCH- Decreased or normalSerum iron- DecreasedTIBC- Decreased, normalTransferrin saturation- DecreasedSerum ferritin- Normal or increased | Pathology | null |
ae202349-3f65-4b5b-a962-cff173105746 | All are true about achalasia except (not related -pathology) | Dilatation of proximal segment | It predisposes to malignancy | Body peristalsis is normal | LES pressure is increased | 2c | multi | Destruction of the nerves to LES is primary pathology and degeneration of neuromuscular function of the body of esophagus is secondary. Absence of body peristalsis and poor LES relaxation is mandatory for diagnosis. | Pharmacology | All India exam |
28409d7f-9e06-44fd-917e-faf04af8e7db | All of the following are indicators of ovulation except: March 2008 | Increase in cervical mucus | Abdominal cramps | LH surge | Fall in body temperature | 3d | multi | Ans. D: Fall in body temperature Frequent physical signs indicating ovulation are: Increased body temperature LH surge Increased cervical mucus -cervical mucus is most abundant and becomes clear and slippery and stretches like egg white Change of position and firmness of cervix Abdominal cramps (Mittelschmerz) Increase... | Physiology | null |
8d1b1447-b569-4f58-9b23-e05d07f20e10 | True statement about female genital tuberculosis: | Genital tract involvement results from lymphatic spread | Premenstrual histopathological examination is diagnostic | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have got higher sensitivity in detection | Reproductive outcome following antituberculous chemotherapy is satisfactory | 2c | multi | Genital tuberculosis is usually secondary to primary infection (lungs, bones, lymph nodes).
It spreads by haematogenous route (not lymphatic route) leading to endosalpingitis.
Caseous granulomatous lesions with giant cells on pathological examination are suggestive of TB but is not diagnositic as it can be seen in fung... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
4eb60b62-4c0e-40bd-9211-a876fe45ee2a | The commonest cause of Renal papillary necrosis - | Analgesic nephropathy | Pyelonephritis | Diabetes | Sick cell anemia | 2c | single | Ans- C Most common cause is DM. Renal papillary necrosis is almost always a/w with pyelonephritis(Pyelonephritis is caused by DM, Analgesic, SCA) So MCC is DM&MC association is Analgesic Nephropathy. | Medicine | Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremia |
fb3b8773-1504-4e61-9044-d67983ba0778 | A 70-year-old nursing home patient refused the influenza vaccine and subsequently developed influenza. She died of acute pneumonia 1 week after contracting the "flu." The most common cause of acute post-influenzal pneumonia is | Legionella | Listeria | Staphylococcus aureus | Klebsiella | 2c | single | Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of post-influenzal secondary bacterial pneumonia. It most often affects the elderly, although patients of any age may be afflicted. The pneumococcus as well as group A streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae may also cause pneumonia. | Microbiology | Virology |
b0e0af74-b390-4fed-9588-a9d879f63640 | A patient has a surgical cause of obstructive jaundice. He is advised USG. All of the following can be detected on USG, except: | Biliary tree obstruction | Peritoneal deposits | Gall bladder stones | Ascites | 1b | multi | Ultrasound is the first radiological investigation done to evaluate obstructive or any jaundice. It is both sensitive and specific for diagnosing gallbladder stones and biliary tract dilatation.
It is able to detect the level of biliary obstruction and most of other causative pathologies. It is also very sensitive for ... | Surgery | null |
efc7a196-d57c-40b2-b7d3-9769b6e91abf | Eruption of Deciduous Maxillary 1st molar occur at | 8-9 months | 10-11 months | 19-20 months | 15-16 months | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
5230c4c2-999a-4c5e-8aa8-e2a51d22ab50 | Which of the following has the worst prognosis - | Rolandic epilepsy | Versive epilepsy | Absence epilepsy | Infantile spasm | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Infantile spasm Prognosis for normal mental development is poor. | Pediatrics | null |
113c3118-ebd8-4525-9265-4dfb45c56e02 | Finkelstein's test is done for diagnosis of: | De quervain's tenosynovitis | Trigger finger | Carpel tunnel syndrome | Compartment syndrome | 0a | single | Ans: A (De quervain's tenosynovitis) Ref: Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures. 9th EditionExplanation:DE QUERVAIN'S DISEASEThis condition, first described in 1895. is caused by reactive thickening of the sheath around the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons within the first extensor c... | Orthopaedics | Disorders of the Hand |
40d69fe9-44db-4b15-9e66-7bdb7b86aae1 | Which of the following route of infection is most responsible for lung abscess? | Direct inoculation | Inhalation of infection | Spread from adjacent side of infection | Aspiration of organisms from Oropharynx | 3d | single | Aspiration of organisms present in oropharynx is the most common route of infection, which classically leads to anerobic lung abscess. | Surgery | null |
097318ae-ed9e-4552-a3df-cf7563301b6f | Ethmoid bone forms A/E: | Superior turbinate | Middle turbinate | Interior turbinate | Uncinate process | 2c | single | Ans. C Inferior turbinate "The inferior turbinate is a separate bone, while rest of the turbinates are a pa of ethmoidal labyrinth." | ENT | null |
8e2dc536-b946-4050-8892-2fff0f15f721 | Delirium is a disorder of: UP 08 | Thought | Perception | Insight | Cognition | 3d | single | Ans. Cognition | Forensic Medicine | null |
736c4393-2b23-4527-ba3f-3194526cefac | Local anesthetic that can cause Methemoglobinemia | Ropivacaine | Prilocaine | Amethocaine | Bupivacaine | 1b | single | Ans. b (Prilocaine) (Ref. KDT 5th ed., 325; Anaesthsia by Ajay Yadav 3rd ed., 218-appendix; 114)Local anesthetic is associated with the risk of Methemoglobinemia- Prilocaine.PRILOCAINE# Prilocaine is an amide type local anesthetic agent.# Safest Local Anesthetic# Metabolized in liver, kidney and lung# Maximum safest do... | Anaesthesia | Local and Regional Anesthesia |
9f1bf8c4-b5e1-474f-b17c-ee7e5467d3f9 | Space lattice refers to: | Inter atomic movement | Inter atomic imbalance | Arrangement of atoms | Arrangement of molecules | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
f78846f9-0a46-425f-ac7d-f780b70693a8 | Drug having proven efficacy in bipolar depression is: | Carbamazepine | Valproate | Tiagabine | Lamotrigine | 3d | single | This newer anticonvulsant is now an approved drug for bipolar disorder, but is not recommended for acute mania. It is especially useful in rapidly cycling bipolar depression. Randomized trials have demonstrated its efficacy, both as monotherapy as well as adjuvant to lithium. It carrys minimal risk of inducing mania. T... | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
371782cc-f73b-42e6-b0a3-20dc9493b7d8 | Curve of Monson is | An anteroposterior curve | Is a lateral molar curve with convexity facing downwards | Is a lateral premolar curve with convexity facing upwards | A reverse curve | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
14e27b7a-6ef5-46b3-9e4a-1a61a7173f42 | True statement about cyclooxygenase-2 is | It Is not inhibited by indomethacin | It I'd inducible | It generate cytoprotective prostaglandins in gastric mucosa | It is found only in fatal tissues | 1b | multi | Ref-KDT 6/e p185 COX-1 is a house-keeping enzvme that is responsible for the generation of gastroprotective PGs. COX-2 is an inducible enzyme whose production is markedly increased at inflammatory sites. Indomethacin is a non-selective inhibitor of both isoforms of COX. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
e20e8239-31db-4f5b-8655-d49b1e83976f | Losartan is similar to enalapril in all of the following features except: | Anti–hypertensive efficacy | Potential to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy | Lack of effect on carbohydrate tolerance | Potential to induce cough in susceptible individuals | 3d | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
f670b943-4493-4004-88d5-52a74e841c2c | Second most common neoplasm seen in children is | Lyphoma | Brain tumor | Wilm's tumor | Neuroblastoma | 1b | single | Also called low-grade gliomas, these are the most common brain tumors in children. Medulloblastomas are the most common type of childhood brain cancer. Most medulloblastomas occur before age 10. Ependymomas are a type of childhood brain tumor that can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The most common c... | Pediatrics | Central Nervous system |
132a44e7-2905-4dbc-9dd3-8f36bd17e29a | A patient with mitral stenosis on pre-op evaluation is detected to have elevated liver enzymes. Which inhalational anaesthetic agent will be preferred in her? | Halothane | Enflurane | Xenon | Sevoflurane | 2c | single | Xenon exhibits minimal cardiovascular and hemodynamic side effects and is not known to be metabolized in the liver or kidney. Hence Xenon will be ideal inhalational anaesthetic agent in this patient. Advantages of Xenon: It is not toxic It does not trigger malignant hypehermia It has very low blood gas solubility coeff... | Anaesthesia | null |
aea427a7-f5a9-4025-b33b-6c00f105b448 | A middle aged man presents to your clinic complaining of restlessness. During his time in the waiting room of your clinic you notice him to be pacing here and there through the CCTV, On visual examination he also has a noticeable hand tremor. he says that he had been taking haloperidol for his Mania, for the past two m... | Dystonia | Restless leg syndrome | Akathisia | Anhedonia | 2c | single | In the above mentioned clinical scenario the patient is complaining of restlessness, tremors which are characteristic features of haloperidol induced Akathisia (HALOPERIDOL: has highest risk for causing EPS) AKATHISIA: M/C EPS DOC FOR TREATMENT: PROPRANOLOL EPS: DYSTONIA: DOC- BENZHEXOL AKATHESIA PARKINSONISM: DOC - BE... | Pharmacology | CNS |
6a1fe645-5b0d-452f-ae49-5b6c753811f9 | Vitamin A deficiency is considered a public health problem if prevalence rate of night blindness in children between 6 months to 6 years is more than ? | 0.01% | 0.05% | 0.10% | 1.00% | 2c | single | Ans. is `c' i.e., 1.0% | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
dbae3155-4904-4090-a917-68d4e8ad6874 | Mechanism of action of allopurinol: September 2005 | Inhibits the synthesis of uric acid | Inhibits tubular resorption of uric acid | Antinflammatory action | Increases phagocytosis of urate crystals | 0a | multi | Ans. A: Inhibits the synthesis of uric acid Allopurinol is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine (a naturally occurring purine in the body) and is an enzyme inhibitor, inhibiting xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is responsible for the successive oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine resulting in the production of uric... | Pharmacology | null |
c81ef1e8-5145-43a9-8420-d920dd845366 | What can be given to 62 years old hypertensive patient with high lipids and atherosclerosis? | Low dose aspirin | Amlodipin | Heparain | Digoxin | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
0574aed0-ad7f-4e5b-ad58-578814f0387d | Which of the following is not true about the autistic specific disorder - | Impaired communication | Impaired imagination | Language developmental delay | Vision problems | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vision problems o Autism is characterized by Impaired social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted repetitive & stereotyped pattern of behavior. o Restricted repetitive stereotypes pattern of behavior is due to impaired imagination. o So, Diagnostic triad of features is : ? i) Impaired s... | Pediatrics | null |
80b23c6f-ae4c-46b2-96d7-4dfaefd5bc1d | Incidence of TB in a community measured by | Mantoux test + | Tuberculin test + | Sputum culture | Sputum smear + | 3d | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
73dff89e-30aa-4277-8817-2a6c47e37e1c | Mass prophylaxis not done in | Scabies | Lymphatic filariasis | Vitamin A deficiency | Worm infestation | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a231329b-2741-4487-bd27-9fa5f99bdbf9 | Repetitive hand washing is a symptom of | Post traumatic stress disorder | Depression | Anorexia nervosa | Obsessive compulsive disorder | 3d | single | Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, irresistible, intrusive, irrelevant and EGO DYSTONIC thoughts. They present with CONTAMINATION OBSESSIONS- WASHING COMPULSIONS PATHOLOGICAL DOUBT OBSESSIONS- CHECKING COMPULSIONS Patients may present with repeated doubts of wheather they have locked the... | Psychiatry | Personality disorders |
cc194b9e-4540-4e44-9a2b-68d10705235a | Krait is | Myotoxic | Neurotoxic | Vasculotoxic | Cardiotoxic | 1b | single | Cobra,Krait - Neurotoxic
Viper - Hemotoxic / Vasculotoxic
Sea snake - Myotoxic | Forensic Medicine | null |
6be41dcc-54c0-419f-8a57-1f28778b5e00 | Thyrotoxicosis is most commonly associated with | Anxiety | Paranoid states | Mania | Delirium | 0a | single | (A) Anxiety # ACUTE ANXIETY:# Physical Symptoms:> Motoric Symptoms: Tremors, Restlessness, Muscle twitches, Fearful facial expression> Autonomic & Visceral Symptoms: Palpitation, Tachycardia, Sweating, Flushes, Dyspnea, Hyperventilation, Dry mouth, Frequency and hesitancy of micturition.; Dizziness, Diarrhea, Mydriasis... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
62b27000-ca15-4ec9-8f22-17cd921d09bf | Management of typical febrile seizure include all except: | Tepid sponging | Paracetamol | Intermittent Clobazam prophylaxis | Prophylactic phenobarbitone | 3d | multi | Ans. D. Prophylactic PhenobarbitonePediatric febrile seizures, which represent the most common childhood seizure disorder, exist only in association with an elevated temperature. Evidence suggests, however, that they have little connection with cognitive function, so the prognosis for normal neurologic function is exce... | Pediatrics | Central Nervous System |
6c18ffa1-2036-4d86-8b39-9a285cb01ef5 | Which of the following is associated with vasculitis of medium size vessels? | Temporal areritis | Wegners granulomatosis | Classic PAN | Tuberous sclerosis | 1b | single | <img alt="" src=" />Wegener granulomatosis is a necrotising vasculitis characterised by specific triad of findings: Granulomas, Vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels, and Glomerulonephritis. | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
08e6ede5-c5ee-49e0-95a6-69b2868e5d62 | FALSE statement regarding Hirschprung disease is | Aganglionosis always involves distal rectum | Non passage of meconium in first 24 hours is a cardinal feature | Diagnosis is established by Suction rectal biopsy | No passage of stools after per rectal examination | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) No passage of stools after per rectal examination style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">(Ref: )Most cases of Hirschsprung disease are diagnosed in the newborn period. Hirschsprung disease should be considered in any newborn that fails to pass meconium within 24-48 ho... | Pathology | G.I.T. |
ae4619e4-548d-4872-bf57-b2fabe15d3ef | Pregnancy is contraindicated in which of the following cardiovascular condition? | Pulmonary aerial hypeension | Prosthetic valve | Mitral stenosis | Marfan's syndrome with aoic dilatation < 4cm | 0a | single | World Health Organization (WHO) Risk Classification of Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy with Management RecommendationsWHO 1--Risk no higher than general population Uncomplicated, small, or mild: Pulmonary stenosis Ventricular septal defect Patent ductus aeriosus Mitral valve prolapse with no more than tril mitral ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
566b2296-5985-45f8-9bdd-99ff7fa0abea | Sero conversion in HIV In fection takes place in - | 2 weeks | 4 weeks | 9 weeks | 12 weeks | 1b | single | sero conversion is seen in acute HIV infection(within 3-6 weeks) REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.575 | Microbiology | Virology |
93196ec3-ba54-4681-9e21-a2a3c59129f9 | Most common malignant tumour of minor salivary glands | Pleomorphic odenoma | Adenoid cystic carcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Mucoepidermoid carcinoma | 1b | single | null | ENT | null |
9f3bace0-eb8a-4dae-b551-47ee5a302429 | Daily additional requirement of protein in lactation is- | 25 gm | 15 gm | 35 gm | 50 gm | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. 25 gm The additional requirement of protein is : pregnancy -15 gm Lactation - 25 gm | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and Health |
52d1b719-5edc-4f95-b634-32934915851a | Following is true about behcet's disease except ? | It shows presence of aphthous ulceration, genital ulceration and uveitis | Uveitis is bilateral, acute recurrent iridocyclitis with hypopyon | It has good visual prognosis | Chlorambucil can be used to control the disease | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., It has good visual prognosis BEHCET'S DISEASE It is an idiopathic multisystem disease characterised by recurrent, non-granulomatous uveitis, aphthous ulceration, genital ulcerations and erythema multiforme. Etiology It is still unknown; the basic lesion is an obliterative vasculitis probably caused by... | Ophthalmology | null |
9431971e-6d2d-46eb-ab10-a60682af0ef5 | Risser Localiser cast is used in the management of - | Kyphosis | Spondylolysthesis | Idiopathic scoliosis | Lordosis | 2c | single | Reisser localiser cast is used in scoliosis. Other methods used are, Milwaukee brace and Boston brace. REF:Essential ohopaedics- Maheshwari - 5th edn -pg no282. | Orthopaedics | Management in Orthopedics |
8ab06e64-3782-433e-885b-fb34488833fb | In which cause of jaundice there is no bilirubin excretion in urine- | Obstructive jaundice | Primary billiary cirrhosis | Extrahepatic billiary atresia | Hemolytic jaundice | 3d | single | Ans is 'd' i.e. Hemolytic jaundice o Hemolysis results in unconjugated haperbillirubinemia. Unconjugated bilirubin is highly lipid soluble (lipophilic). It is insoluble in water and tightly bound to albumin - cannot be excreted in urine.o All other options lead to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Conjugated bilirubin is ... | Pathology | Liver |
053b8b22-f35d-4129-aa79-ba03051ebc6f | Normal cardiac index in an adult is:- | 5.9 L/min/M2 | 2.3 L/min/M2 | 3.2 L/min/M2 | 4.6 L/min/M2 | 2c | single | Cardiac index: - Experiments have shown that the cardiac output increase approximately in propoion to the surface area of the body. Therefore - cardiac output is frequently stated in terms of the cardiac index, which is cardiac output per square meter of body surface area. - The avg. Human being who weight 70 kg has a ... | Physiology | JIPMER 2018 |
b19ae3d3-5d4a-4dfd-b4fa-0891222c16ba | Most important indicator of air pollution is: | SO2 | CO2 | CO2 | N2O | 0a | single | Ans. a.SO2 Chemical indicator of air pollution:Sulfur Dioxide: Best indicator of Air Pollution.Smoke or soiling index: Air strain in a filter paper measured through photoelectric meter.Grit and dust measurementAir pollution indexSoiling indexCoefficient of hazeBiological indicator of air pollution: Lichens | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
bace6563-9852-45e3-bf59-e335080d3ca5 | Destruction of zona glomerulosa will deplete | Aldosterone | Coisol | Testosterone | Catecholamines | 0a | single | The zona glomerulosa makes up 15% of the mass of the adrenal gland; the zona fasciculata, 50%; .and the zona reticularis, 7%. All three coical zones secrete coicosterone, but the active enzymatic mechanism for aldosterone biosynthesis is limited to the zona glomerulosa, whereas the enzymatic mechanisms for forming cois... | Physiology | Renal physiology |
01fef53c-7391-48f0-bb6c-1e8f60a66eb9 | A 37-yr-old man in DKA has yellowish papules scattered over his trunk and extremities. A tube of plasma that is collected from the patient develops a turbid supernate. This is consistent with which type of hyperlipoproteinemia? | Type I | Type IIa | Type III | Type V | 3d | single | The patient most likely has a type V hyperlipoproteinemia, which is associated with eruptive xanthomas secondary to increased triacylglycerol. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is a combination of type I, characterized by elevated chylomicrons, and type IV, characterized by increased very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Dia... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
dd991ada-46b8-4a13-9869-ae4035e77103 | Inclusion body in neuron is seen in | Diphtheria | Yellow fever | Japanese encephalitis | Rabies | 3d | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4cdd1cf5-9e7d-4ec0-b6ab-d5a7bd1728cc | The amino acid which serves as a carrier of ammonia from skeletal muscle to liver is | Alanine | Methionine | Arginine | Glutamine | 0a | single | GLUCOSE-ALANINE CYCLE 1. Skeletal muscle transpos NH3 to the Liver in the form of the amino acid 'alanine'. The alanine is formed in the muscle tissue by a transamination reaction between pyruvate (PA) and glutamate. 2. The alanine is transpoed through the bloodstream to the liver, where it reacts with a-ketoglutarate ... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
537d7669-13fa-4a62-87d0-9a9aec670014 | Asymptomatic carriage of gonococcal infection in female is commonly seen in : | Endocervix | Vagina | Urethra | Fornix | 0a | single | Endocervix | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
b33d18fa-8ae2-4d27-be3a-dfc057db28ae | Which of the following is the earliest warning sign of Magnesium Sulphate toxicity? | Respiratory rate < 12 | Loss of DTRs | Altered sensorium | Urine output < 25-30 cc/hour | 1b | single | Ans. B. Loss of DTRs. (Ref Textbook of Obstetrics D.C. Dutta 6th ed, 229)SEIZURE PROPHYLAXIS IN PIH - MAGNESIUM SULFATE# Is not a hypotensive agent# Works as a centrally acting anticonvulsant# Also blocks neuromuscular conduction# Serum levels: 6-8 mg/dL# Magnesium sulfate # Monitor urine output and DTR's- Cervical dil... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
f7a51d16-7574-46a5-b45d-ce6465767ed7 | Sterilization & disinfection of blood spills is done by- | Fordaldehyde | Sodium Hypochlorite | Tincture iodine | Phenols | 1b | single | .<p>hypochlorites are the most widely used chlorine disinfectants.sodium hypochlorite is available as a liquid.aqueous solutions of this of 5.25 to 6.15 percent is called "house bleach".they have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.do not leave toxic residues,are unaffected by hardness of water are inexpensive a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
54c9f07f-61d3-41d5-8e40-5be92df848af | Strasberg'e class 'B' bile injury means | Bile leak from a minor duct | Occlusion of a branch of biliary tree | Injury of bile duct not in communication with CBD | Circumferential injury to major bile ducts | 1b | single | Strasberg classification of Laparoscopic Biliary injuries Type A- Bile leaks from minor ducts still in continuity with the CBD Includes leakage from cystic duct stump and from a subvesical duct of Luschka. MC cause of biliary leaks seen after cholecystectomy. Type B- Occlusion of a pa of the biliary tree, almost always... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
a6472218-4e6d-43a3-b1d5-15e33678b9a7 | In a Down's syndrome patient posted for surgery, the necessary preoperative investigation to be done is - | CT Brain | Echocardiography | Ultrasound Abdomen | X-ray cervical spine | 1b | single | Description:Congenital hea disease affects ~40%. In paicular, defects affecting the endocardial cushion are common: * atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): considered the commonest cardiac defect associated with Down syndrome * ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) * ventricular septal defect (VSD) | Radiology | Cardiovascular system |
be1c7d7a-a00e-495d-be7b-5dab4653b2df | A patient, Rama was diagnosed to be having febrile convulsions in the paediatric emergency. Which of the following can be used for the treatment of this patient? | Intramuscular phenobarbitone | Intravenous phenytoin | Rectal diazepam | Oral sodium valproate | 2c | single | Diazepam is the drug of choice for febrile convulsions. It is administered intravenously. If i.v. access is not possible, rectal diazepam can be used. Diazepam can be given to counter the overdose of local anesthetic drug | Pharmacology | Epilepsy |
65d81b9b-ae6c-463e-bb27-79ded6e9b665 | A 28-year-old woman has noticed increasing lower limb swelling and shortness of breath. She has a 2-year history of facial rash, hair loss, arthralgias, and thrombocytopenia. On examination, her blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg, pulse 80/min, there is a maculopapular rash on her face, JVP is 4 cm, heart sounds normal, lun... | diffuse proliferative GN | crescentic GN | focal proliferative GN | membranoproliferative GN | 0a | multi | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause a wide variety of renal disorders, and can progress to ESRF. Because of the active urine sediment this individual has a proliferative GN. It is difficult to diagnose the type of glomerular involvement in SLE without a biopsy. Based on the biopsy results lupus nephritis (LN) ... | Medicine | Oncology |
c0f6a487-ef21-4258-84cd-34cce9eeca70 | Calcitonin is secreted by: | Thyroid gland | Parathyroid gland | Adrenal glands | Ovaries | 0a | single | Calcitonin is primarily secreted by the parafollicular C cells of the Thyroid gland. It is a hormone secreted in response to elevated blood calcium. It stimulates calcium deposition in bone and calcium excretion by the kidneys, thus reducing blood calcium. Ref: Essentials of Pharmacology By K D Tripathi, 5th, Edition, ... | Physiology | null |
03cc66cb-db6a-4807-a819-dd81cfc47056 | Spasmolytic analgesic is - | Dicyclomine | Physostigmine | Tropicamide | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dicyclomineo Antispasmodic (spasmolytic) drugs are used in various colic (pain) e.g. abdominal colic or renal colic,o Among the given options, dicyclomine is spasmolytic.Antispasmodic drugsi) Quaternary compounds - Propantheline, Oxyphenonium, Clidinium, Pipenzolate, Methylbromide, Isopropamide, Glyco... | Pharmacology | Anti Cholinergic |
a5feccf0-0284-490a-aaef-c823fb9571d9 | Most radiosensitive organ is: March 2005 | Liver | Fat | Bone marrow | Nervous tissue | 2c | single | Ans. C: Bone Marrow Most radiosensitive organs: Bone marrow Gonads Growing cailage Prepubescent breast Organs with lowest radiosensitivity: Adrenal Vagina Uterus Pancreas | Radiology | null |
82453b04-7dd9-4355-8058-16ed3618b3c7 | Which of the following is true about pasteurization | It kills all bacteria and spores | It kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria | It kills 95% of microorganisms | All bacteria are destroyed | 1b | multi | Pasteurization
Is a method for sterilization of milk.
It is defined as the heating of every particle of milk or milk product to a specific temperature for a specific period of time without allowing recontamination of that milk or milk product.
Two methods are commonly used.-
Holder method → 63°c for 30 minutes.
Fla... | Microbiology | null |
18ac518e-d5b9-405d-8162-614bcd9bc5f5 | Which is not seen in hyperventilation? | Seizures | Alkalosis | Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia | Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia | 3d | single | (D) Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia # Alkalemia associated with hypocapnia may produce neurologic symptoms, including dizziness, visual impairment, syncope, and seizure activity (secondary to cerebral vasoconstriction); paresthesia, carpopedal spasm, and tetany (secondary to decreased free serum calcium); and muscle... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
ba0604a1-47d9-4acd-b884-d2a84864a0cc | Foamy liver is found in | Drowning | Putrefaction | Adipocere | Abortion | 1b | single | (Putrefaction) (3.25-P)PUTREFACTION - Liver becomes softened and flaby* Owing to the evolution of gases in its substances. It becomes spongy and present a honey- combed appearance (foamy or Swiss Cheese liver)* The patch of greenish discolouration appears early and gradually extends to the whole organ which ultimately ... | Forensic Medicine | Death and Investigations |
fb2ef70e-1351-452a-b627-7f47fbd2afd9 | A 25-year-old male presents with weakness, occasional vomiting hypotension, skin and mucous membrane pigmentation. The diagnosis can be best established by - | Metyrapone test | Basal plasma cortisol levle | 24- hour urinary 17-Ketosteroid | ACTH stimulation test | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
edcbc917-9db5-4974-ac33-40bc5b7bede1 | Child changes a rattle from one hand to another at the age of - | 3 months | 6 months | 9 months | 1 year | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 6 months o A child can transfer objects from one hand to the other by 5-7 months. | Pediatrics | null |
2af8fa8a-33c8-4d6b-9d12-35a5139e9756 | Radiographically the level of normal interproximal alveolar crest corresponds to | Epithelial attachment | CEJ of adjacent teeth | DEJ | Gingival margin | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
0d56e79d-6121-4109-9575-90f5fbe49084 | Prozone phenomenon is a feature is- | Tularemia | Legionnaires' disease | Plague | Brucellosis | 3d | single | null | Microbiology | null |
81382d2f-9055-4854-bb09-d421b6d6216f | Initial screening test for the auditory function in neonates | Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) | Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) | Free Field Audiometry | Visual reinforcement audiometry | 1b | single | Ans. b. Otoacoustic Emissions The screening investigation of high-risk neonates in ICU for suspected hearing loss is otoacoustic emissions. Uses of OAE Screening test of hearing in neonatesQ Help to differentiate between cochlear and retrocochlear lesionsQ Used to diagnose retrocochlear pathologies especially auditory ... | Ophthalmology | null |
06e38976-c73a-44d1-9022-c0d4e582304c | Most common site of thyroglossal cyst is - | Subhyoid | Suprahyoid | Floor of mouth | Beneath foramen caecum | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Subhyoid Thyroglossal cyst* It is cystic swelling developed in the remnant of the thyroglossal duct or tract* Site - It may be present in any part of the thyroglossal tract (thyroglossal tract extends from foramen caecum to the isthmus of thyroid)* Common sites are:# Subhyoid (most common)# In the reg... | Surgery | Thyroid Gland |
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