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1faf4aac-df26-42f5-9618-0c6c03201170 | A patient presented with complaints of diplopia. O/E pupils were dilated. Both direct and consensual light reflexes were lost. The diagnosis is : | 2nd nerve palsy | 3rd nerve palsy | 5th nerve palsy | 7th nerve palsy | 1b | multi | 3rd nerve palsy PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX :- If light enters an eye, the pupil of the same eye contracts (direct light reflex),activity shared equally by the pupil of other eye (consensual light reflex) - Afferent limb of light reflex is Optic nerve (CN2) and efferent limb is Oculomotor nerve (CN3) - Both direct and conse... | Ophthalmology | Neuro Ophthalmology |
76feb845-7184-48b9-8c98-8c4208b75556 | Most common site of post ischemic stricture is: | Ascending colon | Hepatic flexure | Splenic flexure | Sigmoid colon | 3d | single | Stricture is a complication of colonic ischemia. Most common site is sigmoid colon. | Surgery | Large intestine |
1443900a-07fd-4dc6-b7a8-1b1224eba40a | Undertakers fracture- | Traumatic spondylolisthesis of C1 over C2 | Spondylolisthesis of the lower cervical spine with tearing of C6 C7 intervertebral disc | Burst fracture of C3 | Spinous process fractures of lower cervical vertebrae | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Spondylolisthesis of the lower cervical spine with tearing od C6 C7 intervertebral disc o Repeat from previous sessions. | Unknown | null |
19b5c05b-7b1b-44f5-96b7-ef9bc44102d6 | During TURP, surgeon takes care to dissect above the verumontonum to prevent injury to | External Urethral Sphincter | Urethral crest | Prostatic Utricle | Trigone of bladder | 0a | multi | Damage to the external sphincter is avoided provided one uses the verumontanum as a guide to the most distal point of the resection. Reference : page1351 Bailey and Love's sho practice of surgery 25th edition | Surgery | Urology |
28f792a1-d684-487b-b281-2099d40fc118 | The breeding ground for the vectors of Japanese | Paddy field | Mixed garbage | Cooler water | Stale food | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
e23c4942-b230-464d-a87b-d6d54a5e75b0 | True about Boyle's apparatus: | Continuous flow machine | Liquid anesthetic vapours not used | Resistance very high | All | 0a | multi | A i.e. Continuous flow machine | Anaesthesia | null |
f05cdf37-d0be-480f-b93a-c635f38742cf | Which of the following is best for diagnosing genital TB? | PCR | Montoux | LJ medium | ZN staining | 2c | single | Ans. (c) LJ mediumRef: Harrison 19th ed. /1110* Harrison states: "In genitourinary TB - culture of 3 morning urinary specimen yields a definitive diagnosis in 90% cases. LJ medium is most common solid medium used for culture.* Prevalence of GU TB= 10-15%* MC c/o- Urinary frequency, dysuria, nocturia, hematuria, and fla... | Microbiology | Culture media and method |
cf1072f1-a217-48af-836c-3c5be7f11b35 | Magnan's symptom is seen in | Visual hallucination | Auditory hallucination | Gustatory hallucination | Tactile hallucination | 3d | multi | Tactile hallucination: this is hallucination of touch. In this type of hallucination, the person gets the feeling that some insects are crawling under the skin(formication) This is otherwise called Magnan's symptom, usually occurs in cocaine addicts. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PA... | Anatomy | Special topics |
1d26b134-273c-4d74-a278-19e64d61f6bb | Thanatophobia is fear of: | Closed spaces | Flights | High places | Death | 3d | single | D i.e. Death | Psychiatry | null |
bbfd5ef2-7ecf-4fc0-9d9e-59362bd3a1ec | The Astler-Coller modification of the Dukes classification is used to classify cancers of the | Liver | Colon | Lung | Stomach | 1b | single | Colon cancer may be found in the left side of the colon (producing a "napkin ring" or "apple core" appearance) or the right side of the colon (producing a polypoid mass). In either location, bleeding may produce an iron-deficiency anemia. Histologically, the vast majority of colon cancers are adenocarcinomas. Currently... | Pathology | miscellaneous |
be858cae-893e-4a8b-ac83-44045a0c479b | Which vaccine is not useful in a patient with AIDS | OPV | P T | BCG | Measles | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
eb1f8a24-47df-4c34-91e1-28b6f02791f2 | Which hormone is under inhibitory control - | GH | Prolactin | FSH | LH | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Prolactin o For most of the anterior pituitary hormones, it is the releasing hormone that are important but prolactin is mainly under the inhibitory control.o Hypothalamus secretes the following:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which causes release of thyroid-stimulating hormoneCorticotropin-relea... | Physiology | Pituitary |
b258ef78-c5e5-484d-a19f-2da06b6bc219 | In Iron deficiency anaemia, what is seen? | Increased Protoporphyrin | Increased iron | Increased ferritin | Increased transferrin saturation | 0a | single | Since its iron def anemia there is decreased iron , ferritin , and transferin saturation . There is increased protoporphyrin levels as there is impaired maturation of Hb due to Fe deficiency. Ref: robbins 9/e pg :649 | Pathology | Haematology |
5d8a64db-cca6-43b6-b57b-5eec727495b3 | True statement regarding mummification : | Time since death | Facial features are preserved | Skin is shrunken, dry and brown | All | 2c | multi | A i.e. Time since death; C i.e. Skin is shrunked, dry & brown | Forensic Medicine | null |
ef7acdda-0ef4-4b17-9b3b-befe03c3c54c | Indications for Colposcopy include following except: | Abnormal Pap smear of cervix | Diagnostic directed biopsy | Follow up of cases treated conservatively | Obvious Visible growth | 3d | multi | Ans. D. Obvious Visible growth. (Ref Textbook of Gynaecology by D C Dutta 5th/pg. 112 - 113)Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology 14th/pg. 447 - 448.......... under the heading "Colposcopy'' and subheading "indications"........."Colposcopy is not needed routinely in all patients, or patients with obvious lesions.""INDICATIONS... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological Diagnosis |
e8c71123-c4d9-440e-aa1a-82590c19398a | Which of the following forms the anterior wall of the Axilla? | Subscapularis | Teres major | Clavipectoral fascia | Latissimus dorsi | 2c | multi | Clavipectoral fascia forms the anterior wall of the axilla.Also know:Boundaries of Axilla:Anterior wall: Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Clavipectoral fasciaPosterior Wall: Subscapularis, Teres major, Latissimus dorsiMedial Wall: First rib and their associated intercostals muscles, Serratus anteriorLateral Wall: In... | Anatomy | null |
5eab3d90-e23e-4264-ad08-ddf1b79345b8 | Heberdens nodes are the clinical manifestations seen in - | Osteoarthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis | Ankylosing spondylitis | Reactive arthritis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Osteoarthritis Joints involved in Osteoarthritis* OA affects certain joints, yet spares others.* Commonly affected joint include Hip, knee, cervical & lumbosacral spine, and first metatarsophalangeal joint. In Hands, the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP), proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) and fi... | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
7f6b6013-4319-4a38-8381-e242724b3453 | Probability of a person with positive test result having the disease is given by | Negative predictive value | Positive predictive value | Sensitivity | Specificity | 1b | single | Sensitivity:- It is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly all those who have the disease (True positives) Specificity:- It is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease (True Negatives) Diagnostic power of the test . Positive predictive value:- Indicates th... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
3ddbecce-e8e6-4034-a42a-3b04e70c3c3c | Barrett's esophagus causes which cancer: | Adenocarcinoma | Squamous cell CA | Carcinoid tumor | Esophageal leiomyoma | 0a | single | Ans. (a) AdenocarcinomaRef: Harrison's 17th ed. Ch. 286* Metaplastic columnar epithelium develops during healing of erosive esophagitis with continued acid reflux since columnar epithelium is more resistant to acid- pepsin damage than is squamous epithelium.* The metaplastic epithelium has different epithelial types, i... | Medicine | Oesophagus |
de5b6f8e-1f69-44cb-9280-7591d1ac5730 | Earliest sign seen in Acoustic neuroma is: | Facial weakness | Unilateral deafness | Reduced corneal reflex | Cerebellar signs | 2c | single | Ans. C Reduced corneal reflex. Remember: * Most common nerve from which vestibular schwannoma arises * Earliest symptom * Earliest cranial nerve to be involved by acoustic neuroma * Earliest presentation of Vth nerve involvement! * 2nd earliest cranial nerve to be involved by acoustic neuroma * Earliest presentation of... | ENT | null |
d8201eec-ab50-48ab-bd74-b8fb6c165197 | A 4-year-old boy whose diet consists mostly of cheese puffs and cola begins to have problems walking at night, complaining that he cannot see well. In addition, his skin has become dry and scaly, and he has complained of headache for a month. choose the one most appropriate vitamin or trace element replacement therapy ... | Vitamin A | Niacin (Vitamin B3) | Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) | Folate (Vitamin B9) | 0a | single | Vitamin A deficiency manifests first in visual changes, including night blindness. Deficiency can also cause drying of the conjunctivas and sclera. Skin is frequently dry. Poor growth and impaired cognition are also seen. | Pediatrics | Gastro Intestinal System |
a1f7582c-a4c0-4f14-8d5f-47af930d1a19 | Red discolouration of urine is seen with | Methotrexate | Cytarabine | Doxorubicin | Cisplatin | 2c | single | Doxorubicin & Daunorubicin can cause red discolouration of urine. | Pharmacology | null |
c7dc4d8a-fb1d-4b89-8c31-3fc53da076d7 | Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of which one of the following ? | Traveller's diarrhea | Escherichia coli-induced diarrhoea | Cryptosporidium-induced diarrhea | Helicobacter pylori infection | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
21269389-ebc4-4aef-8061-ae55ad5de8cc | Oligomycin? | Blocks oxidative phosphorylation | Blocks protein synthesis | Blocks ATP uptake | Blocks Na uptake | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Blocks oxidative phosphorylation Oligomycin Oligomycin is an antibiotic that blocks oxidative phosphorylation by blocking flow of protons through ATP synthase. Oligomycin A is an inhibitor of ATP synthase. Oligomycin A inhibits ATP synthase by blocking its proton channel (Fo subunit), which is necessa... | Pharmacology | null |
f0d4aa78-c9aa-4d82-b421-dfca64402a48 | Koplik spots are seen in? | Mumps | Measles | Rubella | Varicella | 1b | single | Koplik's Spots: They are pathognomonic of measles. Their presence establishes the diagnosis of measles. These are bluish grey specks on grain substance on a red base which usually appear on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar. They appear at the end of the prodrome, just before the appearance of the rash. Kopli... | Microbiology | FMGE 2019 |
8f7d1b8b-3a0d-40a6-9e83-5298de47e15a | Drug of choice for bisphosphonate resistant osteoporosis : | Teriparatide | Denosumab | Anakinra | Calcitonin | 0a | single | Drug of choice for both senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis are Bisphosphonates. However, where osteoporosis is Resistant to bisphosphonates, Teriparatide has shown good results. | Orthopaedics | Metabolic Disorders of Bone |
a7c5f78e-8299-4f4c-9b1c-7d9644b493b1 | Positive mortality indicator is - | IMR | Child mortality rate | MMR | Life expectancy | 3d | single | Mortality indicators
These are
Crude death rate
Expectation of life (life expectancy)
Infant mortality rate
Child mortality rate
Under-5 proportional mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate
Disease specific mortality rate
Age specific death rate
Adult mortality rate
Years of potential life lost
Among these only life ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8a797cce-220f-4ee6-bcb5-a9d6ba496717 | All of the following mechanisms might account for a reduce-risk of upper genital tract infection in users of progestin - releasing lUDs, except: | Reduced retrograde menstruation | Decreased ovulation | Thickened cervical mucus | Decidual changes in the endometrium | 1b | multi | Decreased ovulation does not protect from upper genital tract infection. Also it doesn't inhibit ovulation in all women. THE TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY SHEILA BALAKRISHNAN SECOND EDITION PAGE NO 379 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraception |
e4e715bd-8fb6-47f9-a15b-e040bc7fa323 | A pt. presented with renal cell carcinoma invadving IVC and the renal vein. A false statement is - | Preop biopsy is not necessary | IVC involvement indicates inoperability | Pre op radiotherapy is not essential | Chest x-ray should be done to rule out pulmonary metastasis | 1b | multi | A renal cell carcinoma that has spread to renal vein, IVC or even upto the thorax (hea) is operable. A prep biopsy is not necessary as a RCC is the most common malignant neoplasm of kidney (90 - 95%) and any solid renal mass is considered to be RCC until unless proved otherwise. A chest x-ray should be done to rule out... | Anatomy | Urology |
cf6fdf2d-ffcb-4c04-9db2-c3592e2d2ea0 | Shagreen patch is seen in - | Tuberous sclerosis | Neurofibromatosis | Sturge weber syndrome | Neurofibromatosis I | 0a | single | Ans. is "a' i.e., Ttiberous sclerosis o Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant genetic dissorder characterized by development of variety of benign tumours in multiple organs including brain, heart, skin, eyes kidney, lung, liver.o It is caused by mutation in two seprate genes TSC l-19 and TSC 2-16o It is the most ... | Medicine | C.N.S. |
3063b9d8-b761-47b3-bacd-e8f9fc884c65 | A patient is hospitalized after an automobile accident. The wounds become infected, and the patient is treated with tobramycin, carbenicillin, and clindamycin. Five days after antibiotic therapy was initiated, the patient develops severe diarrhea and pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and th... | Bacteroides fragilis | Clostridium difficile | Clostridium perfringens | Clostridium sordellii | 1b | single | Patients treated with antibiotics develop diarrhea that, in most cases, is self-limiting. However, in some instances, particularly in those patients treated with ampicillin or clindamycin, a severe, life-threatening pseudomembranous enterocolitis develops. This disease has characteristic histopathology, and membranous ... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
36d933dd-3eae-460b-bd07-e1d3b1633924 | Most common side effect of levodopa | Diarrhoea | Nausea vomiting | Tremor | Rash | 1b | single | Ans) b (Nausea vomiting) Ref: Katzung 11th editionWhen levodopa is given without a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, anorexia and nausea and vomiting occur in about 80% of patients.These adverse effects can be minimized by taking the drug in divided doses, with or immediately after meals, and by increasing the total ... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
a93e604a-e9a6-4a46-a008-82c4abdebef6 | Uric acid is formed by - | Catabolism of proteins | Catabolism of ketones | Catabolism of purines | Catabolism fo pyrimidines | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Catabolism of purines o Humans catabolize purines (adenine and guanine) to uric acid. | Biochemistry | Metabolism of Purines and Pyrimidines |
6cd0acbf-3558-4038-976d-1cdf2674f76a | Glands of Von Ebner are present in - | Cervix | Penile urethra | Tongue | Vagina | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tongue Glands of tongueo Several groups of the glands are present on the tongue.Anterior glandso Near the apex of the tongue anterior lingual glands are present.o These are glands of Blandin and A'uhn.o Anterior glands are mucous while posterior glands are mixed.o The ducts of glands open on the ventr... | Anatomy | Digestive System (Histology) |
ec6debd2-2e16-4245-a551-5d38d4d1224d | Egg in cup appearance is seen in | TGA | TAPVC | Constrictive pericarditis | TOF | 2c | single | Egg in cup - Constrictive pericarditis
Egg on side - Uncorrected TGA | Radiology | null |
a191f07b-72ae-413d-90a1-f40b730b602c | Chandlers index is used for - | Hookworm infestation | Roundworm | Malaria | Filaria | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hookworm infestation o Morbidity and mortality from hookwork infection depends on the worm load.o Chandler worked out an index, Chandler's index, on the basis of average number of hookworm eggs per gram of feces for the entire community.Average no. of eggs per gram of stools# Below 200---Hookworm infe... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
83573963-bb74-4fc3-8229-5f77992d1772 | All are true about cardiac manifestations of carcinoid syndrome, EXCEPT: | The cardiac disease in carcinoid syndrome is due to the formation of fibrotic plaques involving the endocardium | Fibrous deposits are most commonly on the ventricular aspect of the tricuspid valve | Cardiac failure is not a feature of carcinoid syndrome | Mitral valve lesions are less extensive, and frequently affects the tricuspid valve | 2c | multi | The cardiac disease is due to the formation of fibrotic plaques involving the endocardium. The dense fibrous deposits are most commonly on the ventricular aspect of the tricuspid valve and less commonly on the pulmonary valve cusps. Overall, in patients with carcinoid hea disease, 97% have tricuspid insufficiency, 59% ... | Medicine | null |
e3e431a2-40ff-46ba-a411-92bec6b5317a | A 6 years old boy experienced life threatening shock, his CT scan showed large amount of ascites, bowel wall thickening and poor or absent enhancement of the strangulated bowel segment, showing gangrenous bowel on surgical exploration. True about anastomosis is: | Should be done by continuous layers as it takes less time | Should be done with catgut | Should be done by single layer seromuscular Lembe sutures | Should be done by single layer taking submucosa | 3d | multi | BOWEL ANASTOMOSES Lembe described seromuscular suture technique for bowel anastomosis in 1826Q Senn advocated a two-layer technique for closureQ Halsted ored a one-layer extramucosal closureQ Connell used a single layer of interrupted sutures incorporating all layers of the bowelQ Kocher's method, a two layers anastomo... | Surgery | NEET 2018 |
66d7a0e7-90cc-4f8c-a7f0-a2c89ad45197 | H1N1 Is a type of? | SARS virus | Influenza type A virus | Influenza type B virus | Influenza type C virus | 1b | single | H1N1 include influenza virus types REF:<\p> ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.499(table.54.2) | Microbiology | Virology |
8409e735-1088-4d73-bae2-b268bfc6a6b8 | Branch of basilar artery include - | Posterior inferior cerebellar artery | Posterior cerebral artery | Middle cerebral artery | Posterior communicating artery | 1b | single | Branches of basilar artery are : pontine branches, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, superior cerebellar artery, labyrinthine artery, posterior cerebral artery, central branches, posterior choroidal artery and cortical branches. | Anatomy | null |
719c4179-2678-41bb-9c0a-52c1884b4963 | In a patient with acute leukaemia, immunophenotype pattern is CD 19+ve, CD 10+ve, CD33+ve, CD 13+ve. He may probably have - | Biphenotypic leukemia | ALL | AML- M2 | AML-M0 | 0a | multi | null | Pathology | null |
7f45e3b4-f5b5-4054-b4d4-8fd9d1a72412 | Kernohan-Woltman sign (notch) is seen in: COMEDK 15 | Uncal herniation | Central herniation | Transfalcial herniation | Foramina' herniation | 0a | single | Ans. Uncal herniation | Forensic Medicine | null |
820bbeb1-c72b-4be8-bc6c-b0bcfb3598a3 | Which is a preventable cause of blindness - | Cataract | Vitamin A deficiency | Refractive errors | Retinal dystrophies | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Vitamin A deficiency Avoidable blindness -* Avoidable blindness is defined as blindness which could have been either treated or prevented by known cost effective means.* Thus avoidable blindness is divided into:1) Treatable blindness# Treatable are those condition that could have been treated early to... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health Programmes in India |
5675fe06-f96b-47a3-b7b8-f45ae6e3e384 | The commonest type of pericarditis in acute rheumatic fever is - | Serous | Fibrinous | Serofibrinous | Purulant | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Fibrinous | Pathology | null |
77852b6c-a384-4554-bcf1-250e0078f5fe | All are characteristics of a breast papilloma except | Myoepithelial cells present | Apocrine metaplasia is seen | Hyperplasia of adjacent ducts | Regular polarized gland pattern | 3d | multi | . | Surgery | All India exam |
7917b88b-6bf8-4ed1-8cf7-d305a3301a2a | Forelimb bud appears on | 21 days | 26 days | 28 days | 30 days | 1b | single | (26 days) (135-IBS 7th) (125-1.B.Singh 8th)Timetable of some events* The forelimb bud appears about the 26th day (end of 4th week)* The hind limb bud appears about the 28th dayThe limbs become paddle shaped after about 4 days (5th week) and grooves between the future digits (digital rays) can be seen by the 36 the day ... | Anatomy | Embryology |
a7786c79-69fa-4ebf-a30d-6e13a64c0a97 | Which of the following type of collagen is predominant in early granulation tissue: | Type 1&2. | Type 1&3 | Type 2&3 | Type 1&4. | 1b | single | null | Pathology | null |
4b16c857-eb15-49a8-859d-2c0d7eaf3686 | A neonate has a mass in kidney. USG shows hypoechoic shadow. The most likely diagnosis is: | Wilm's tumour | Neuroblastoma | Mesonephrohlastic tumour | Adenoma | 2c | single | Ans. Mesonephrohlastic tumour | Radiology | null |
2072a77c-1992-482b-9708-f6ea03d910fb | While treating benign prostatic hyperplasia with finasteride the period of trial required for maximum response | 1 month | 3 months | 6 months | 18 months | 2c | single | Minimum time to act - 1 month
Maximum response around 6 months. | Surgery | null |
fa8e76e0-95a6-4be1-9df5-09e62073b0fc | Mode of excretion of cyclophosphamide is ? | Lung | Liver | Kidney | Skin | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Kidney Cyclophosphomide is primarily metabolized (80%) and metabolites are exceed in urine. 10 to 20% is excreted unchanged in urine and 4% is excreted in bile. | Pharmacology | null |
6c06a872-4232-40ea-ab08-758d16387204 | Incompetent lips refer to: | Inability of the lips to cover the incisors in the mandibular relaxed position | Inability of the lips to cover the incisors in occlusion | The lips come in between the upper and lower incisors | Tongue thrusts against the lips during swallowing | 0a | multi | The term 'incompetent lips' implies that the lips are unable to form an adequate seal under similar unstrained conditions, i.e. excessive separation of the lips at rest. As a general guideline, which holds for all ethnic groups, lip separation at rest should be no more than 3-4 mm; above this, the lips are termed incom... | Dental | null |
7a625c51-5aec-4790-bf59-03379e1461c2 | Branched septate hyphae found on corneal smear in a case of corneal ulcer is - | Candida | Mucor | Aspergillus | Histoplasma | 2c | single | null | Microbiology | null |
57412ae5-93b5-4878-89d2-d38351cb2d91 | Poal vein, hepatic aery and common bile duct are related to which of the following structure | Lesser omentum | Greater omentum | Splenorenal ligamnet | Gastrosplenic ligament | 0a | single | The lesser omentum (gastrohepatic omentum) is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (hepatogastric ligament) and the first pa of the duodenum (hepatoduodenal ligament). ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg 234 | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
5217004a-c18d-4ff4-9625-8b9145a92b57 | Asthma is? | Obstructive lung disease | Restrictive lung disease | Both | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Obstructive lung disease o Obstructive disease is characterized by an increase in resistance to airflow owing to partial or complete obstruction at any level, from the trachea to the respiratory bronchioles. Examples are chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis), bronchiect... | Pathology | Obstructive Lung Diseases |
feadcb86-96be-4866-b90c-88553f49a4fa | For every 10-degree Celsius raise in the temperature, the rate of most of the enzymatic reactions: | Halves | Doubles | Quadruples | Increases 10-fold | 1b | single | The temperature coefficient (Q10) is the factor by which the rate of a biologic process increases for a 10degC increase in temperature. For enzymes, temperature coefficient is 2, i.e. for every 10 degrees raise in temperature, the rate of enzyme activity doubles. But, after ceain temperature, the enzyme protein gets de... | Biochemistry | Enzyme kinetics |
b86c0b02-c6ac-4639-969b-377a3903fa4e | Which one of the following structures is not a pa of the auditory pathway? | Medial lemniscus | Lateral lemniscus | Inferior colliculus | Medial geniculate body | 0a | single | AUDITORY PATHWAY Second-order neuron of the dorsal column system (carrying general senses) runs in the medial lemniscus. | Physiology | Special Senses |
f54df38c-2b13-46e6-9dc4-3f371bb6ddb9 | A 35 year old man was found unconscious. Examination revealed bilateral constricted pupils, bradycardia, excessive sweating and secretion. Most likely cause is: | Opium poisoning | Acute alcohol intoxication | Organophosphorous poisoning | Pontine hemorrhage | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
70adc6a2-5506-4357-a90a-e618439835ab | A doctor was accidentally exposed to HIV by a needle stick injury while sampling HIV positive patient. A drug prescribed to him would be - | Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Indinavir for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Navirapine for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Stavudine for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Lamivudine for 4 weeks | 0a | multi | Needlestick injury is the most common cause of HIV infection among health care workers.
The guidelines for post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV are
A) For routine exposures
a combination of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for 4 weeks.
B) For high risk or complicated exposures
a combination of two nucle... | Medicine | null |
c9accfb6-1d28-4dce-b97a-bab223edc9f2 | Goose skin or cutis anserina is seen in | Drowning | Lightening | Strangulation | Fire arm injury | 0a | single | Cutis anserina or goose skin: Skin has granular and puckered appearance due to spasm of erection fibers and the muscles attached to hair follicles. It can occur in living in cold weather and in submersion of body in cold water immediately after death, while the muscles are still warm and irritable. Reff: The synopsis o... | Forensic Medicine | Asphyxia |
9eca2045-4e9e-4dee-87a4-f374c4d09eed | True about pheochromocytoma are all except:- | Urinary VMA is most specific for pheochrocytoma | Paraganglioma occurs at skull base | 10% are extra adrenal. | Organ of Zukerkandi is most common extra adrenal site | 0a | multi | Urinary VMA is most specific for Neuroblastoma (Impoant) Paraganglioma occur at skill base (aka) Chemodectoma (aka) Potato tumor Pheochromocytomas are 10% extra adrenal Organ Of Zuckerkandl is MC extra adrenal Sympathetic chain positive | Medicine | Disorders of Adrenal Gland |
78651483-2214-4f5d-a0ef-6102ae8c157f | Apnea of prematurity of lasts for ? | 10 sec | 15 sec | 20 sec | 30 sec | 2c | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
0ff07999-de1c-49bc-b2ae-6141ccc0bb3f | Which of the following is true about Hypertriglyceridemia | LDL receptor defect | Dysbetalipoprotenemia | Abetalipoprotenemia | None the above | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
1a005d45-5f60-4f44-8c78-7b0a88993530 | True about torsion of testis is all except: | Presents with sudden pain in testis | Commonly associated with pyuria | Doppler U/S shows decreased blood flow to the testis | Simultaneous orchidopexy of the other side should also be done | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) Commonly associated with pyuriaRef: Smith 17th Edition, Page 704* Epididymo orchitis is associated with pyuria* Torsion has nothing to do with pyuriaAbnormalities predisposing to torsion of testis* Bell Clapper deformity: High investment of tunica vaginalis - testis hangs like a clapper in bell.* Inversion of ... | Surgery | Urethra & Penis |
8d1287a4-4032-44b2-8de0-714d6db5ba4b | Dead bone in X ray is? | More radiopaque | More radiolucent | Same as normal bone | Variable | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) More radiopaqueREF: Principles of bone x-ray diagnosis by George Simon p. 62Dead bone as seen in Aavascular necrosis, perthe's disease, TB, osteomyelitis is usually more opaque than normal in X ray | Radiology | Imaging of Musculoskeletal Infection |
ae21d9de-7c7c-4848-a689-74f8e530a451 | The chemical name of Aspirin is? | Methyl salicylate | Para-aminobenzoic Acid | Para-aminisalicylic acid | Acetyl salicylic acid | 3d | single | Aspirin is Acetylsalicylic acid which conves to salicylic acid in the body, responsible for the action. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY;7TH EDITION; KD TRIPATHI; PAGE NO 195 | Pharmacology | Autacoids |
834d0edb-f4af-4ea4-a734-33b33c28d607 | All true about microlaryngoscopy tube (MLT) except:- | These tubes comes in these sizes 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 mm | It is paicularly useful for laryngeal surgery | It is longer than standard ETT | There is relatively low resistance to gas flow in there tubes. | 3d | multi | These tubes come in three sizes, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0mm. The size 5.0mm tube is the most commonly used. Microlaryngoscopy tube (MLT) vs. standard ETT The MLT is often used in place of a standard small diameter ETT to facilitate Direct Laryngoscopic procedures utilizing Microlaryngoscopy techniques. The surgeon prefers a sm... | Anaesthesia | Airway |
fc90fd15-8768-4469-87b5-b607443ef67e | Normal diurnal variation of intraocular pressure is: | 0-2 mm of Hg | 2-3 mm of Hg | 3-6 mm of Hg | 6-8 mm of Hg | 2c | single | Ans. 3-6 mm of Hg | Ophthalmology | null |
11d64f5e-6d96-46ee-8199-5fa79d40f026 | Defluoridation of water is carried out using: | Chlorine | Phosphate | Calcium | Ozone | 1b | single | Some areas may contain excessive fluoride levels in drinking water. Defluoridation is carried out using phosphates. Ref: Park 21st edition page: 672. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
fb368226-a02d-40c1-ae60-239fae420756 | Nephron is derived from ? | Ureteric bud | Mesonephric duct | Metanephros | Mesonephros | 2c | single | Development of kidneyUreteric bud (mesonephros) arise from mesonephric duct and gives rise to collecting system of kidney (renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, collecting tubule) and ureter.Metanephric mesoderm (blastema or metanephors) arise from nephrogenic cord which in turn is derived from intermediate mesoderm. ... | Anatomy | null |
581d00b6-b09e-4bf2-8ed9-84ddb8f7f853 | All of the following support uterus except | Cardinal ligament | Round ligament | Pubocervical ligament | Mackenrodt's ligament | 1b | multi | Ans. is b, i.e. Round ligamentRemember* Most important support of uterus is levator ani muscle* Most important ligament supporting the uterus--Cardinal ligament/Mackenrodt's ligament* Round ligament is a secondary support of the uterus as it does not support it directly but helps to keep it in anteverted position* Broa... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Urinary Fistulas |
22982b59-f484-4f78-8a4f-1b6470f9c33d | What is the effect of beri beri on circulation ? | Hyperdynamic circulation | Hypovolemic shock | Bradycardia | Pulsus paradoxus | 0a | single | high output congestive hea failure occurs in beri beri ( Harrison 17 pg 442) | Medicine | Nutrition |
712ef483-4e87-4710-b762-6d4a76c0e396 | Calculate Km | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
3cabfd4e-6fc2-4674-a991-a233d50e45db | Tumours most common to cause early papilledema arise from: | Cerebellum | Mid brain | Parieto-occipital region | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. All of the above | Ophthalmology | null |
550f73a1-239c-4120-975c-1a1e7ca8515f | Urothelium lines all Except - | Ureters | Minor calyx | Urinary bladder | Membranous urethra | 3d | multi | Urothelium (transitional epithelium) is found in the renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, urinary bladder, proximal part of the urethra.
Membranous and most of the penile urethra (in males) is lined by pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium. | Anatomy | null |
d197ec7a-5216-43ef-8fcc-4ea138eb1fdb | In Cochlear implants, the electrodes are most commonly placed at: | Oval window | Round window | Horizontal semicircular canal | Cochlea | 3d | single | The cochlear implant electrodes are placed in the scala tympani of the cochlea. The electrode thus stimulates the cochlear nerve which is a pa of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (CN VIII). | ENT | null |
b7a561da-b6ce-4650-add8-3c5a989b25fa | Berger flap procedure is used for | TMJ ankylosis | TMJ dislocation | Oro-antral communication | Pericoronitis | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
8263db7d-2182-40fd-be70-5cee4dc71832 | Normal urea excretion rate is? | 1-2 gm per day | 10-20 gm/day | 20-40 gm per day | 50-100 gm/day | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 10-20 gm/day(Ref: Medical physiology E Book 2d/e p. 767)"The physiologically normal individual excrete 12-20 gm of urea nitrogen in 24 hours" | Physiology | null |
d5f345e0-aa35-4e75-bb02-37c9d5055f80 | A 35-year-old male with history of 4 weeks of immobilization for fracture femur developed sudden onset of chest pain and hemoptysis. ECG shows SI Q3 T3 pattern. Diagnosis? | Acute myocardial infract | COPD | Pulmonary embolism | Cor pulmonale | 2c | single | Ans. c. Pulmonary embolismPULMONARY EMBOLISMPulmonary embolism usually arises from a venous thrombosis in the pelvis or legs.Risk factors include any cause of immobility or hyper coagulability.Clinical sign and symptoms:DyspneaTachycardia and hypoxemia are prominent.Pain is usually pleuritic, especially when pulmonary ... | Radiology | Respiratory System |
8984adc3-bbd6-4e36-a47a-0274dc61fe08 | Planning cycle includes – | Analysis of situation | Evaluation | Resource assessment | All | 3d | multi | Planning involves a succession of steps
Analysis of health situation
Establishment of objectives and goals
Assessment of resources
Fixing priorities
Programming and implementation
Write-up of formulated plan
Monitoring
Evaluation. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
c2dfb0a2-4579-4ce2-984e-26a469d3d56a | Forecast of probable cause and outcome of an attack of the disease and prospects of recovery as indicated by nature of disease and symptoms of the case | Prognosis | Treatment | Risk | Diagnosis | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
35bf4017-1bf4-42f0-add0-e5e6e27d4c4c | All of the following are mediators of acute inflammation except - | Angiotensin | Prostaglandin E2 | Kallikrein | C 3a | 0a | multi | . Angiotensin | Pathology | null |
59996c51-6bda-4f86-9c65-3f3032923910 | Least cardiotoxic agent – | Isoflurane | Enflurane | Sevoflurane | Halothane | 0a | single | Cardiac output is best maintained by Isoflurane by reflex tachycardia as it does not depress baroreceptor reflex → Most cardiovascular stable inhalational agent → Inhalational agent of choice for cardiac surgery. | Anaesthesia | null |
2b65c00d-2508-4e08-b0bb-b671993ee5be | Which of the following drugs is capable of maintaining blood levels for 24 hours after a single administration but has useful antianginal effects lasting only about 10 hours ? | Amyl nitrite | Isosorbide mononitrate | Nitroglycerine (sublingual) | Nitroglycerine (transdermal) | 3d | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
21240f8f-c3f8-4989-9f51-1099a496baa7 | Patient came into emergency department with flexion, adduction and internal rotation of hip. Diagnosis? | Anterior dislocation of hip | Posterior dislocation of hip | Femur neck fracture | Femur head fracture | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Posterior dislocation of hipRef: Maheshwari 5th ed. /130POSTERIOR DISLOCATION OF HIP* It is most common type of hip dislocation in adults and children.* Usually this occurs in a road accident when someone seated in car is thrown forwards, striking the knee against the dashboard (dashboard injury)* It is the po... | Orthopaedics | Congenital Dislocation of Hip (C.D.H.) |
1e746d91-b9d5-4f94-912c-b53c49fb1198 | A girl from shimla presented to OPD with fever, hypotension, malaise and axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Culture in glucose broth shows stalactite growth. Most likely causative organism is? | Yersinia pestis | Francisella tularensis | Brucella abous | Coxiella burnetii | 0a | single | This is a case of bubonic plague. Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis. It is sho plump, ovoid, gram negative bacillus, shows bipolar staining (safety pin appearance), pleomorphism which is characteristically enhanced in media containing 3% NaCl. It is enveloped by a slime layer & is non motile, non sporing, non acid fa... | Microbiology | null |
fdc6cfbd-e92c-44a7-a17b-b342f32c735f | Hoarseness secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma is usually due to extension of the tumour into ? | Vocal cord | Superior laryngeal nerve | Left recurrent laryngeal nerve | Right vagus nerve | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Left recurrent laryngeal nerve | Surgery | null |
5c1c4233-a1bf-473f-a612-4a16a934c684 | Treatment of pseudocyst of pancreas include ? | Cystogastrostomy | Cystojejunostomy | Excision of the cyst | All | 3d | multi | Ans is d i.e. All of the above | Surgery | null |
ce7612ef-2353-41f4-9ea1-dea05f64544b | All of the following are examples of mydriatics except – | Atropine | Homatropine | Tropicamide | Pirenzepine | 3d | multi | Cycloplegics (paralysis of accommodation + mydriasis) → Atropine, Homatropine, Cyclopentolate, tropicamide
Only mydriatics → Phenylephrine.
Note : Cycloplegic action of tropicamide is unreliable. | Ophthalmology | null |
0e35970d-20e9-467f-8ef1-936dfd59e75d | Type of collagen forming basement membrane of kidney- | I | II | III | IV | 3d | single | Type IV collagen with laminin are the major constituent of basement membrane. | Biochemistry | null |
f01e8f68-51a2-4c0e-896d-08a75ce880c9 | A standing person lies down. Which of the following occurs? | Increase in cerebral blood flow | Immediately increase in venous return to heart | Decreased blood flow to the apex of lung | Increase in heart rate | 1b | single | Ans. b. Immediately increase in venous return to heart (Ref: Ganong23/e p515)Factors Affecting End Diastolic VolumeFactors Decreasing EDVFactors Increasing EDV* Increased intra-pericardial pressureQ (as a result of infection of pressure from a tumor):- Limits the extent to which ventricle can fill* Decrease in ventricu... | Physiology | Circulation: Cardiac Output, Venous Return |
5c199145-8d4c-4888-86f3-d7ed5c91d711 | Which of the following statement is true about external haemorrhoids? | Painful, below the dentate line | Painless, above the denate line | Rubber band ligation is the treatment of choice | May be associated with a skin tag | 0a | multi | It presents as a suddenonset, olive-shaped, painful blue subcutaneous swelling at the anal margin and is usually consequent upon straining at stool, coughing or lifting a heavy weight .The thrombosis is usually situated in a lateral region of the anal margin. If the patient presents within the first 48 hours the clot m... | Surgery | G.I.T |
bd988f06-9f18-48dd-95d8-5a1fec181d09 | Acute endocarditis with abscess is most commonly associated with? | Listeria | Staphylococcus | Streptococcus | Enterococcus | 1b | single | Ans. (b) StaphylococcusRef: Harrison's 18th ed ch:124, Braunwald's HeartDisease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine 18thed ch-63 | Medicine | Bacteriology |
14c42330-665b-45ad-9897-180c755c7aa1 | Softening of the vaginal poion of the cervix: | Goodell's sign | Chadwick's sign | Hegar's sign | Piskacek's sign | 0a | single | Goodell sign:- Softening of the cervix , 6th to 8th weeks Chadwick / jacquemier's sign:- Bluish discoloration of the cervix , 6th to 8th weeks Hegars sign : On p/v the abdominal and vaginal fingers seem to oppose below the body of uterus ,6th wk Osiander (vaginal ) sign :-Pulsatality in lateral fornices, around 8th wee... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Obstetrics |
4e3c805f-7716-49c9-b6a6-bc64668462dd | Hemmorhagic fever is not caused by - | Yellow fever | KFD | Japanese encephalitis | Dengue fever | 2c | single | kyasanur foerst disease a hemorrhagic fever found in karnataka. It is arboviral disease. A new arbo virus genetically related to RSSE isolated ANANTHANARYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.524 | Microbiology | Virology |
921bc072-8443-4453-acfc-4696c90588ae | Which one of the following is the description used for the term allodynia during pain management? | Absence of pain perception | Complete lack of pain sensation | Unpleasant sensation with or without a stimulus | Perception of an ordinarily nonnoxious sitmulus as severe pain. | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Perception of an ordinarily nonnoxious stimuli as severe pain Terms used in pain managementAllodyniaPerception of an ordinarily nonnoxious stimulus as painAnalgesiaAbsence of pain perceptionAnaesthesiaAbsence of all sensationsDysesthesiaUnpleasant or abnormal sensation with or without a stimulusHypalge... | Anaesthesia | Muscle Relaxant |
1737af63-9e82-4808-a01d-84f03fd0ea3d | Maximum loss of sodium in a child occurs in? | Gastric juice | Ileal fluid | Non cholera Diarrhoea | Cholera | 1b | single | Cations and anions in biological fluids in meq/dl Fluid Sodium Potassium Chloride Gastric juice 60 10 85 Ileal fluid 130 10 115 Diarrhea stool 10-90 10-80 10-110 | Medicine | Fluids and Electrolyte Imbalance |
e876edf8-36f0-46e1-b5d6-d88758099917 | Circuit for spontaneous respiration in adults: | Mapleson A | Mapleson C | Mapleson D | Mapleson E | 0a | single | Ref. Oxford textbook of anesthesia. Page. 330
Spontaneous respiration: A>D,E>C >B
IPPV :D&E> B> C> A
Mapleson A :
For adult
Magill system
Flow rate = Minute volume
Mapleson B: - not used
Mapleson C :
Water system
Choice in Post operative room
Mapleson D:
Bain – Coaxial system
Most effective in assisted control v... | Unknown | null |
a598b1c5-5602-4fdc-b792-d397cddf94c8 | Which of the following contains site of attachment of calcium ions that initiates muscle contraction? | Troponin I | Troponin T | Troponin C | Myosin | 2c | single | Troponin T binds the troponin components to tropomyosin; troponin I inhibits the interaction of myosin with actin; and troponin C contains the binding sites for the Ca2+ that helps to initiate contraction.
Ganong 23 rd ed, pg 96 | Physiology | null |
ed0e3326-1f31-48a7-b5e6-dfdf02a9abc1 | Most important bactericidal agent is | Cationic basic protein | Lactoferrin | Lysozyme | Reactive O2 species | 3d | single | H2O2- MPO- halide system is the most efficient bactericidal system of neutrophils | Pathology | null |
e17f78ac-1d18-46d3-adbd-fb6d1edfd286 | According to a newer hypothesis Ewings, sarcoma arises from - | Epiphysis | Diaphysis | Medullary cavity | Cortex | 2c | single | Marrow tumors (medullary cavity tumors) : - Ewings sarcoma, Plasma cell tumor, multiple myeloma, Lymphoma. | Orthopaedics | null |
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