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6f9b9530-bccf-41c3-b927-2c2e2f303abc | What age group is the most susceptible to sepsis? | Infants. | Adolescents. | Elderly | Young adults. | 2c | single | Elderly patients are at most risk for developing sepsis because of decreased physiologic reserves and an aging immune system.
Option A: Infants may have less physiologic reserves yet they have vaccines that strengthen their immune system than the elderly.
Option B: Adolescents may not have fully mature reserves yet th... | Medicine | null |
98106d5e-df46-48ae-97c0-c302d402c36e | The most common cause of diarrhea in children is- | Vibrio cholera | E. coli | Rotavirus | Pneumococcus | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Rotavirus * Rotavirus is the single most common cause of diarrhea amongst children in both developed and developing world.* ETEC is the single most common cause of bacterial diarrhea amongst children in the developing world.* ETEC is the most common bacterial cause for Traveler's diarrheaQ. | Pediatrics | Gastro Intestinal System |
79cbbd61-6b32-4ef4-b428-d1451d21c789 | Treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction a) Syringing b) Probing c) DCR d) Dacryocystectomy e) Antibiotic | abcde | abc | abd | bcd | 0a | single | All are treatment options for dacryocystitis. | Ophthalmology | null |
a0aa2d53-0535-4498-b8d9-bbaad8ed78c8 | All are the predisposing factors for carcinoma esophagus except | Achalasia | Tylosis palmaris | Zenker's diveiculum | Ectodermal dysplasia | 3d | multi | Risk factors for SCC:SmokingAlcoholIngested carcinogens Chronic AchalasiaLye (caustic) ingestionLong-term ingestion of hot liquidsPlummer Vinson syndromeTylosis palmaris et plantarisHuman papilloma virusEsophageal diveiculaDeficiency: Vitamin A, zinc, molybdenumRef: Harrison; 19th edition | Medicine | C.V.S |
d0f8dccb-d914-4c9b-94eb-a8c652929f27 | Selenium is an essential component of | Glutathione synthetase | Glutathione peroxidase | Xanthine dehydrogenase | Cytochrome oxidase | 1b | single | . | Physiology | All India exam |
9211838f-4393-4ab1-ac70-755a9930bd3e | Which of the following diagnostic procedure is not done in dilated pupil? | Gonioscopy | Fundus examination | Laser inferometry | Electroretinography | 0a | single | Ans. a. Gonioscopy Gonioscopy is not done in a diluted pupil. (AI1MS May 2014 repeat) Gonioscopy is done in dark room with minimum slit lamp light. Pupil contraction will falsely open up the angle. Likewise pupillary dilatation will cause crowding of the iris at angle and angle appears as closed. 'By gonioscopy angle s... | Ophthalmology | null |
2066a252-841c-49d0-be0e-fa941534f198 | Type of force in a patient activated appliance is? | Interrupted | Intermittent | Continuous Interrupted | Continuous Intermittent | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
b5183db9-6f38-489f-9e63-66fba7cdb60b | Most potent stimulus for bile secretion is | Cholecystokinin | Gastrin | Secretin | Bile acid | 3d | single | Bile is secreted in two stages by the liver: (1) The initial portion is secreted by the principal functional cells of the liver, the hepatocytes; this initial secretion contains large amounts of bile acids, cholesterol, and other organic con-stituents. It is secreted into minute bile canaliculi that originate between... | Physiology | null |
c0ebe5fd-7842-41f0-af16-7a33e4c9c858 | Visual field defect in pituitary tumour with supracellar extension is | Bitemporal hemianopia | Binasal hemianopia | Homonymous hemianopia | Pie in the sky vision | 0a | single | A i.e. Bitemporal hemianopia | Ophthalmology | null |
c2823123-20ce-4454-9472-4caead7285d9 | MELD diagnostic score - | Predicts mortality in patient waiting liver transplant | Higher score - less mortality risk | Predicts mortality risk for a 60 day period | It is a 4 to 60 scale | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Predicts mortality in patients waiting liver transplanto MELD (The model for end-stage liver disease) is a linear regression model based on objective laboratory values(INR, bilirubin level and creatinine level). It wras originally developed to predict mortality after TIPSS. It is used in USfor liver t... | Surgery | End-Stage Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation |
18c00c80-b7be-4f47-aa6a-c7a2981fa3ce | Management of stage IIB cancer cervix is? | Radiotherapy | Radiotherapy with combination with chemotherapy | Chemotherapy | Hysterectomy | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) Radiotherapy with combination with chemotherapyREF: Shaw's 13th ed p. 390TRETMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER:StageTreatmentIA1Cone or simple hysterectomy with life long follow upIA2 , IB , HaRadical hysterectomy with b/1 pelvic lymphadenectomy (wetheim s operation schauta's radical vaginal hysterectomy , mitra s mo... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Management (Carcinoma Cervix) |
80d2d1f5-1d66-417a-a66f-63457d2b9f50 | A patient has Hemoglobin of 6gm%. Which of the following should not be administered? | Fresh frozen plasma | Whole blood | Random donor platelets | Packed red cells | 0a | single | Fresh frozen plasma should be avoided in such a situation, because FFP does not contribute in any way to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. On the other hand, it will cause further dilution of the already dangerously less hemoglobin, thus further reducing the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Thus, FFP sh... | Surgery | null |
ab4628a9-541d-441b-9efa-b3da7ff5e79e | All of the following are features of SIRS except: | WBC >11000/mm3 or <4000/mm3 | Temperature > 38degC | Pulse rate >90/minute | Respiratory rate >24/minute and PaCO2 <22 mmHg | 3d | multi | SIRS Two or more of the following: Temperature (core) >38degC or <36degC Hea rate >90 beats/minQ Respiratory rate >20 breaths/minQ for patients spontaneously ventilating or a PaCO2 <32 mm Hg Q WBC count >12,000 cells/mm3 or <4000Q cells/mm3 or >10% immature (band) cells in the peripheral blood smear | Surgery | Trauma |
727e8a99-0d1b-4089-952d-97aefb2ef992 | Absolute lymphocytosis is seen in -a) SLEb) T.B.c) CLLd) Brucellosis | abc | bcd | ac | bd | 1b | single | null | Pathology | null |
0d8d840e-e7f4-4067-aa87-ef06881255f5 | Screening procedure is best for Ca of - | Prostate | Colon | Gastric | None | 1b | multi | .screening is best suited in the case of ceain disease. one among the following is carcinoma colon, the disease can be screened if it satisfies the following conditions such as, *an impoant health problem it must be *there should be a recognisable latent or early asymptomatic stage. *natural history of condition *tets ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening |
6f11af0b-26f4-4c43-8db2-c12edeccfa83 | Prolonged treatment with Isoniazid leads to deficiency of- | Pyridoxine | Thiamine | Pantothenic acid | Niacin | 0a | single | Treatment with INH can lead to Pyridoxine deficiency, hence it is given as nutritional prophylaxis alongwith TB treatment. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Respiratory Infections |
f0bbe47c-90c3-43d6-9711-3cda6bc2a25a | The pathognomonic feature of abdominal pregnancy is : | Fetus appears lateral to lumbar spine on X-ray | Small uterus | Fetus easily palpable | Positive pregnancy test | 0a | multi | Fetus appears lateral to lumbar spine on X-ray | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
84ba0499-692e-4d14-bde4-f4c6faf105f9 | Design Effect' is associated with which of the following sampling techniques - | Stratified sampling | Systemic sampling | Cluster sampling | Simple Random Sampling | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7e47716b-5327-4fa1-8adc-5b1236ebb7c3 | Which of the following areas of brain is most resistant to Neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease | Entorhinal coex | Hippocampus /Temporal lobe | Lateral Geniculate Body | Visual Association area | 2c | single | Answer is C (Lateral Geniculate Body):The topographical and neuroanatomical distribution of Neurofibrillary tangles and Neuritic Plaques in the Cerebral coex of patients with Alzheimer's Disease' - Cerebral Coex (1991): (1): 103-116`Lateral geniculate body' is the least commonly affected area amongst the options provid... | Psychiatry | null |
0793ad26-b7df-4bb5-b0bc-64a4b85e4978 | Bunion is commonly seen at - | Great toe MTP joint | Medial malleolus | Lateral Malleolus | Shin of tibia | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Great toe MTP jointBuniono A hallux abducto valgus deformity, commonly called a bunion, is a deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe, often erroneously described as an enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the head of thebig toe.o The bump itself is partly due to the ... | Orthopaedics | Arthritis |
d404ea03-5f8e-40ea-bf52-e04215574592 | Radiological features of left ventricular hea failure are all, except- | KerlyB lines | Cardiomegaly | Oligemic lung fields | peribronchial cuffing | 2c | multi | In chest radiography, the Westermark sign is a sign that represents a focus of oligemia (hypovolemia) (leading to collapse of vessel) seen distal to a pulmonary embolism (PE). While the chest x-ray is normal in the majority of PE cases, the Westermark sign is seen in 2% of patients. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 460 | Medicine | C.V.S |
8532f185-e6ad-42d1-bd3b-06d4617c6671 | A menopausal woman, 55 years old, complains of post coital bleeding. What impoant cause of such bleeding should be ruled out? | Ca cervix | Ca endometrium | Fibroid uterus | Adenomyosis | 0a | single | Vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom occurring in patients with cancer of the cervix. Most often, this is post coital bleeding, but it may occur as irregular or postmenopausal bleeding. Patients with advanced disease may present with a malodorous vaginal discharge, weight loss, or obstructive uropathy. Since the... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Post menopausal bleeding |
6150935c-ed8e-4155-88f8-c6d189ccce76 | True statement of wilms tumor | Common in adult | Associated with deletion of chromosome 11p13 | Associated with MIC 2 gene | Commonest presentation in hematuria | 1b | multi | Refer Robbins 9/e 479 * The first group of patients has the WAGR syndrome, characterized by Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital anoma- lies, and mental retardation. Their lifetime risk of devel- oping Wilms tumor is approximately 33%. Individuals with WAGR syndrome carry constitutional (germline) deletions of 11p13. Studies... | Anatomy | Urinary tract |
b8f4cacf-8429-4fd8-b88e-925d9ce00181 | Congenital lactic acidosis may occur d/t defect in | Pvruvate decarboxylase | PDH complex | Transketolase | a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | 1b | single | B i.e. PDH complex | Biochemistry | null |
1a53b37c-e6cf-48bc-9928-9d19c077308f | A 67-year-old man has a long history of symmetrical small joint arthritis with deformities. He now develops shortness of breath on exertion with a dry cough, but no sputum or chest discomfort. His heart sounds have a loud P2, and the lungs have fine bibasilar crackles. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosi... | pleuritis | cavitating lesions | intrapulmonary nodules | interstitial fibrosis | 3d | multi | In RA, pleural involvement is very common at autopsy but infrequently causes symptoms. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common manifestation of rheumatoid lung disease. RA associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is usually similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in terms of its clinical presenta... | Medicine | Respiratory |
3da3398c-3487-4de3-8f35-8869f27f3b02 | Molar ratio of sodium & glucose in WHO reduced osmolarity ORS is: | 1:01 | 1:02 | 1:04 | 2:01 | 0a | single | Ans. A. 1:1Composition of WHO recommended ORS.Constituentg/lmmol/ion Sodium chloride2.6Sodium75Glucose, anhydrous13.5Chloride65Potassium chloride1.5Potassium20Trisodium citrate dihydrate2.9Citrate10Total Osmolarity245mosmol/L | Pediatrics | Fluid & Electrolyte |
7cb66b48-e4a6-4b99-bc0c-bd344af53583 | Not a branch of posterior cord of Brachial plexus | Axillary nerve | Thoracodorsal nerve | Radial nerve | Ulnar nerve | 3d | single | Long thoracic nerve arises from the nerve root of C5-C7 and it supplies serratus anterior muscle. The axillary nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles. The thoracodorsal nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. The radial nerve supplies 3 heads of triceps brachii and 12 muscles on the back of the forearm.... | Anatomy | Upper limb |
73fac785-f545-4b12-955d-da1e1530b061 | Congenital megacolon develops secondary to failure of - | Migration of vagal neural crest cells to gut | Neurogenesis | Defecation reflex | External anal sphincter relaxation | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Migration of vagal neural crest cells to gut * Hirschsprung's disease (congenital megacolon) is characterised by the congenital absence of intramural ganglion cells (aganglionosis) and the presence of hypertrophic nerves in the distal large bowel.* The absence of ganglion cells is due to a failure of ... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
b367e60b-4711-4df8-925f-9e27079dd00c | The most important source of reducing equivalents for fatty acid synthesis in the liver is | Glycolysis | TCA cycle | Uronic acid pathway | HMP pathway | 3d | single | HMP pathway
The main source of NADPH for lipogenesis is the pentose phosphate pathway: PPP (also called the hexose monophosphate pathway: HMP). | Biochemistry | null |
08edb059-cc9a-4ae2-9003-459d0e01a442 | A 42 year old female patient has abnormal uterine bleeding with mild atypical hyperplasia of endometrium. The treatment of choice is : | Oral contraceptive pills | Progesterone | Total hysterectomy | Oestrogens | 2c | single | Total hysterectomy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
2da49705-3f6f-4fda-8cfd-4fa2900434b7 | An 18-year-old sexually active college student presents with complaints of lower abdominal pain and irregular bleeding for five days. She has no fever. She uses oral contraceptives as method of bih control. Upon examination, the cervix is friable, there is cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness. The pregnanc... | < 1% | 5% | 10% | 20% | 3d | multi | Chlamydia trachomatis is frequently repoed bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD). Infections of the cervix may present as a friable cervix, but are most often without signs or symptoms. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by chlamydia often presents with milder symptoms than when it is caused by gonorrhea. ... | Surgery | null |
81cfe584-53b8-4f66-a4da-563970d83396 | All are features of hypernatremia except | Convulsions | Elevated intracranial tension | Periodic paralysis | Doughy skin | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Periodic paralysis Periodic paralysis, is seen in hyponatermia Clinical features of Hypernatremia :? Most patients with hypernatremia are dehydrated and have the typical signs and symptoms of dehydration. Hypernatremia even without dehydration causes central nervous system symptoms that tend to parall... | Medicine | null |
dc3bccca-2553-4045-b8bf-c405d8401ea6 | During the course of an operation on an unstable, critically ill patient, the left ureter is lacerated through 50% of its circumference. If the patient's condition is felt to be too serious to allow time for definitive repair, alternative methods of management include | Ligation of the injured ureter and ipsilateral nephrostomy | Ipsilateral nephrectomy | Placement of a catheter from the distal ureter through an abdominal wall stab wound | Placement of a suction drain adjacent to the injury without further manipulation that might convert the partial laceration into a complete disruption | 0a | multi | If time and the patient's condition permit, primary ureteral reconstruction should be carried out. In the middle third of the ureter, this will usually consist of ureteroureterostomy using absorbable sutures over a stent. If the injury involves the upper third, ureter pyeloplasty may be necessary. In the lower third, u... | Surgery | Urinary Tract |
0b86caa7-27bd-48a7-8afd-4065dfb7073b | Propanolol is useful for all of the following except ? | Angina | Familial tremor | Hypeension | Paial AV block | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Paial AV block | Pharmacology | null |
ded54d49-7694-4cae-b7f1-758e68567799 | Lipid profile in diabetes is A/E - | Decreased TG | Increased HDL | increased LDL | decreased Cholesterol | 2c | single | Lipid abnormalities in patients with diabetes, often termed "diabetic dyslipidemia", are typically characterized by high total cholesterol (T-Chol), high triglycerides (Tg), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased levels of small dense LDL paicles. Ref - davidsons 23e topic diabetes p719 | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
a9b8ddc0-4d77-4c5b-bdc1-572e9d6122b0 | Cobalt forms a component of which of the following vitamins? | Biotin | Vitamin B12 | Vitamin A | Tocopherol | 1b | single | Central poion of vitamin B12 consists of four reduced and extensively substituted 'pyrrole rings' surrounding a single cobalt atom(Co). This central structure is called 'corrin ring system'. When cyanide is bound to cobalt atom is called as cyanocobalamin. Cobalt is required only as a constituent of vitamin B12. While ... | Biochemistry | null |
91cc4cc8-127b-4a32-8e6f-3d9d7842574a | Which of the following estimates blood creatinine level most accurately: | Jaffe method | Kinetic jaffe method | Technicon method | Enzyme assay | 3d | single | There are two methods for estimation of Creatinine in blood: 1. Jaffe's test: In alkaline medium, Creatinine forms a red coloured tautomer of Creatinine Picrate which is measured colorimetrically. This method can be automated in auto-analysers and kinetic method can be used. Kinetic jaffe more accurate than jaffe's met... | Biochemistry | Enzyme uses |
bb51279c-d947-4f64-be87-5c3ca9d209fa | Pretrematic nerve of 1st pharyngeal arch is | Vagus nerve | Glossopharyngeal | Chorda tympani | Trigeminal | 2c | single | Pharyngeal Arch Nerves: Nerve of 1st arch - Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Pretrematic nerve - Chorda tympani & greater petrosal nerves (purely sensory) of facial nerve. Nerve of 2nd arch - Facial nerve Pretrematic nerve - Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve. Nerve of 3rd arch - Glossopharyngeal nerve Pr... | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy 3 |
9c9cebac-7bc1-4980-92bd-0b15feb20a85 | Cullen's sign: | Bluish discolouration of the flanks | Bluish discolouration in the umbilicus | Migratory thrombophelebitis | Subcutaneous fat necrosis | 1b | single | (Bluish discolouration in the umbilicus) (1124-Baily & love 24th) (1140-Baily & Love 25th)Acute Pancratitis* Bluish discolouration of the flanks - Grey Turner Sign* Bluish discolouration of the umbilicus - Cullen's sign. | Surgery | Pancreas |
10589fdd-ca75-412e-8fc2-bdfecdd42c7e | Neostigmine is used in the following except ? | Myasthenia gravis | Cobra bite | Atony of bladder | Glaucoma | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Glaucoma | Pharmacology | null |
01cfe167-cc1e-44a4-b670-41f1e93a230c | Commonest site of carcinoma colon is: | Right side colon | Left side colon | Transverse colon | Caecum | 1b | single | (Left side colon): Ref: 1177-LB (1181-B &L 25th)Adenocarcinoma of the colon: - Tumours are more common in the left colon and rectum* Microscopically the neoplasm is a columnar cell carcinoma* Macroscopically the tumour may take one of four forms (Annular, Tubular ulcer, cauliflower/ Type 4 cauliflower is the least mali... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
226ed050-93d4-4010-9cc0-3484d0ecae51 | A patient on atracurium develops seizures due to accumulation of ? | Didanosine | Laudanosine | Methylated Atracurium | Sulfated Atracurium | 1b | single | Ans. is `b' i.e., Laudanosine | Anaesthesia | null |
6a8d7f3b-3eb2-4b74-b437-672c00496481 | Amino acids secreted in cystinuria are all except | Ornithine | Histidine | Arginine | Lysine | 1b | multi | Amino acids excreted in cystinuria are (COLA): cysteine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine | Biochemistry | null |
d0939a48-a8ef-4d90-b10a-2992b34c1260 | The bacterial drug resistance in tuberculosis results from : | Transduction | Transformation | Plasmid mediated | Mutation | 3d | single | Resistance to INH occurs due to point mutation in inhA or katG genes.
Resistance to rifampicin occurs due to point mutation in rpoB genes.
Resistance to ethambutol is due to mutations resulting in overexpression of the embB gene. | Pharmacology | null |
9be82345-6469-4395-a7f7-cc663b338d06 | Air in the biliary tract is seen in all except – | Gall stone ileus | Sclerosing cholangitis | Carcinoma gall bladder | Endoscopic papillotomy | 1b | multi | Gallstone ileus, carcinoma gall bladder and endoscopic papillotomy can cause pneumobilia (air in biliary tract)
Ascending cholangitis (not sclerosing cholangitis) can cause pneumobilia. | Radiology | null |
d155b111-219a-4d41-b502-95d661b21a76 | Which of the following is not a part of the growth relativity hypothesis? | Displacement of condyle | Nonmuscular viscoelastic tissue stretch | Force transduction beneath the fibrocartilage | Functional loading | 3d | single | Growth relativity refers to growth that is relative to its displaced condyles from actively relocating fossae. John C Voudouris introduced this concept to explain the possible effect of functional appliances on condyle and the resulting growth. The main foundations of growth relativity hypothesis are:
Displacement of ... | Dental | null |
13433959-080b-422a-b41f-d24f89b4c568 | The internal thoracic artery is a branch of - | Arch of aorta | Subclavian artery | Superior epigastric artery | Thyrocervical trunk | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b'i.e., Subclavian artery Internal thoracic arteryo It arises from 1st part of subclavian artery and descends through anterior ends of upper six intercostal spaces lying 1[?]25 cm lateral to sternal margin.o It divides into two terminal branches, musculophrenic and superior epigastric in 6th intercostal spaceo... | Unknown | null |
58309cf9-059f-4fda-8328-1585b78e323e | Which of the following enzyme does not catalyse reversible step in glycolysis? | PFK | Enolase | Phosphoglyceromutase | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | 0a | multi | Enzymes of glycolysis - a process which converts 6 carbon glucose to 3 carbon unit pyruvate & lactate - are present in cytoplasm. Whereas, complete oxidation of glucose (to CO2 & H2O) requires mitochondrial enzymes (of TCA cycle).
Out of total 9 enzymes used in glycolysis,
3 enzymes - hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (P... | Biochemistry | null |
daedf45e-0361-477c-8714-348be4213845 | Dysthymia is - | Chronic mild depression | Chronic severe depression | Bipolar disorder | Personality disorder | 0a | single | Mild depression with the chronic course (≥ 2 years) is called dysthymia. | Psychiatry | null |
21e56d44-14a0-4b52-a74e-cb8316f3a657 | Side effects of a drug arise due to interactions of the drug to molecules other than the target.These effects of the,drug can be minimized by its high: | Specificity | Solubility | Affinity | Hydrophobicity | 0a | single | If a drug is more specific in action, it acts only in that paicular organ so no systemic side effects will be seen and targeted cancer therapy using nanopaicles is also bases on this approach Ref; KD Tripathi pharmacology 7 th edition (page no; 84) | Pharmacology | General pharmacology |
23b712db-35c8-4075-994e-80aa1b1021d5 | Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by all except - | Hypoalbuminemia | Hypolipidemia | Lipiduria | Proteinuria > 3.5 gm per 1.73 m2 per 24 hours | 1b | multi | NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Nephrotic syndrome is a constellation of features in different diseases having varying pathogenesis; it is characterized by findings of massive proteinuria (more than 3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, and hypercoagulability. Pitting edema: Does not distinguish nephritic f... | Pathology | Urinary tract |
71cfbe13-71c9-4523-ade7-a14277354a6c | Bence jones proteins are best described as - | chains | g chains | Kappa & Lambda chains | Fibrin split products | 2c | single | Bence Jones protein are the light chains of immunoglobulins and so may occur in kappa and lambda forms. - found in multiple myeloma. identified by unique propey of coagulation when heated to 50degC but redissolving at 70degC. REF:Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:99 <\p> | Microbiology | Immunology |
93cb871c-0fe8-4a34-87b1-390ba768860c | Which of the following HLA types is associated with rheumatoid ahritis 135? | HLA B27 | HLA DR4 | HLA B8 | HLA DP | 1b | single | HLA B27-Ankylosing spondylitis HLA DR4-Rheumatoid ahritis HLA B8-myasthenia gravis Ref: Textbook of Microbiology Baveja 5th ed Pg 135 | Microbiology | Immunology |
6f567d4f-2f0d-4963-9068-6b0736ae2ab9 | The maximum concentration of potassium delivered central line is | 20 mmol/L | 40 mmol/L | 60 mmol/L | 80 mmol/L | 0a | single | In adults, the preferred concentration central line is 20 mEq/100 ml. The maximum concentration for fluid restricted patients is 20 mEq/50 ml. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 345 | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes |
562f9cc0-1d7d-4bc7-8142-f16bc839ba68 | Sensory afferent fibres from the fallopian tubes ascend to : | T 8 | T 10 | L 2 | L 4 | 1b | multi | Nerve supply in the pelvis : Perineum,vulva,lower vagina organ spinal segments Nerves 1 Perineum,vulva,lower vagina S2-4 pudendal,inguinal,genitofemoral,posterofemoral cutaneous 2 Upper vagina, cervix, lower uterine segment, posterior urethra, bladder trigone, uterosacral and cardinal ligaments,rectosigmoid, lower uret... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Anatomy of the female genital tract |
fe6db237-9317-4bec-8742-aee0cb39820d | Which is not true about indication of exchange transfusion ? (Not a criteria for exchange transfusion) | Cord bilirubin is 5 mg% or more | Cord Hb is 10 mg% or less | Rate of bilirubin increase is > 0.5 mg% | Total bilirubin 10 mg/dl | 3d | multi | Double volume exchange tranfusion (DVET) should be performed if the total serum bilirubin(TSB) levels reach to age specific cut off for exchange transfusion or th infant shows signs of bilirubin encephalopathy irrespective of TSB levels .For < 28 wk gestation, TSB cut off is 11-14 mg/dl. For 28 to 29 wks, 30 to 31 wks ... | Pediatrics | New born infants |
95bb47ef-49c9-424e-8844-8e1eb215454a | Parathyroid autotransplantation is done in which of the following muscle? | Brachioradials | Biceps | Triceps | Saorius | 0a | single | Parathyroid auto transplantation is done in 2 muscles Sternocleidomastoid muscle Brachioradialis of non-dominant hand SCM Brachioradialis Indication: Accidental removal of PT gland while performing a thyroidectomy. | A small amount of the PT gland is auto-transplanted into SCM muscle. Indication: Hyperparathyroidism du... | Surgery | NEET 2019 |
8c14a7bd-16a1-48be-965a-5e90e40103c6 | A 35-year-old woman is observed to have CIN grade III on colposcopic biopsy. T/t includes:a) Cold knife conizationb) Simple hysterectomyc) Radical hysterectomyd) Lap assisted hysterectomye) LEEP | abcd | bcde | acde | abde | 3d | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
2f062862-3caa-40d0-a988-f664cd41561d | All are true about Sjogren syndrome except - | Interstitial nephritis Subcutaneous fibrosis | Lack of tear | Xerostomia | More common in male | 3d | multi | Primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS) is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to glandular fibrosis and exocrine failure. The typical age of onset is between 40 and 50, with a 9 : 1 female-to-male ratio. The disease may occur with other autoimmune diseases (secondary Sjogren's s... | Medicine | Immune system |
4253613b-17b5-49cc-a452-f379e3e48dc7 | In Staphylococci, plasmids encoding beta-lactamase are transmitted by : | Conjugation | Transduction | Transposon | Transformation | 1b | single | Beta-lactamase are encoded by plasmids that can be transferred with the help of bacteriophage (transduction) in staphylococci and by transformation in Pneumococci. | Pharmacology | null |
90511905-109e-4714-bde1-242f78113523 | A 28-year-old woman having limited cutaneous scleroderma for the last 10 years complains of shortness of breath for last one month. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are as follow -What is the most likely diagnosis in this case? | Interstitial lung disease | Pulmonary artery hypertension | Congestive heart failure | Bronchiectasis | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
00e42802-41f1-40ac-ae50-e31a2c98757f | Symptomatic spinal injury without any radiological evidence most commonly found in: | Children | Elderly | Teenagers | Young adults | 0a | single | Ans. a. Children (Ref: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17006044 www.orthopaedicsone.com/pages/viewpage action? pageId=27689773)Symptomatic spinal injury without any radiological evidence most commonly found in children.'Following trauma, the commonly used radiological investigations, plain radiographs and computed tomograp... | Radiology | Advanced Neurospinal Imaging |
4a739fdf-0f61-4e45-8087-0dd308d58c5c | Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma of stage II is treated with | Radiotherapy | Chemotherapy | Concurrent chemo-Radiation | Surgery | 3d | single | null | ENT | null |
6e698c4e-b8fe-4413-8212-d54d2eb9a1fc | A 22-year-old nulliparous woman has recently become sexually active. She consults you because of painful coitus, with the pain located at the vaginal introitus. It is accompanied by painful involuntary contraction of the pelvic muscles. Other than confirmation of these findings, the pelvic examination is normal. Of the... | Endometriosis | Psychogenic causes | Bartholin's gland abscess | Vulvar atrophy | 1b | multi | This patient presents with vaginismus, defined as involuntary painful spasm of the pelvic muscles and vaginal outlet. It is usually psychogenic. It should be differentiated from frigidity, which implies lack of sexual desire, and dyspareunia, which is defined as pelvic and/or back pain or other discomfort associated wi... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraceptives |
3b3fbeb0-569e-4d8b-9c3b-bdf512d7b51d | First line of intervention in symptomatic varicoceles is - | Embolization | Conservative management | Ligation of testicular vein | Orchidectomy | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Embolization * Operation is not indicated for an asymptomatic varicocele.* When the discomfort is significant, then embolisation of the gonadal veins is the usual first line intervention.* If this is not possible, or if the varicocele recurs (as it does in around 20 per cent after embolisation), then ... | Surgery | Testis & Scrotum |
0250a3c1-95d5-4a43-aef7-0cc295c3f408 | The normal pH of the saliva is about | 5.5 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
cbbdb94a-9b8a-40d1-9ee1-a3088c327148 | Initial drug of choice in a child with status epilepticus: | Lorazepam | Phenobarbitone | Valproate | Phenytoin | 0a | single | a. Lorazepam(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2831-2856, Ghai 8/e p 557-561)Initial drug given in Status epilepticus in a child is a short acting Benzodiazepine like Lorazepam or Midazolam, to abort the seizures | Pediatrics | Central Nervous System |
7afd6ae2-0ef2-43a4-af9d-4173f83720d4 | Which of the following is not the new entity added in the proposed ICD-11? | Olfactory reference disorder | Compulsive sexual behavior disorder | Complex post-traumatic stress disorder | Schizophreniform disorder | 3d | single | Ans. D Schizophreniform disorderOlfactory Reference Disorder is characterized by persistent preoccupation with the belief that one is emitting a perceived foul or offensive body odour or breath that is either unnoticeable or only slightly noticeable to others. Individuals experience excessive self-consciousness about t... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
cb54634c-4792-4b47-afdd-4b6d172e995d | Normal amount of pleural fluid is approximately | 5ml | 15 ml | 50 mL | 100m1 | 1b | single | Normally, no more than 15 ml of serous, relatively acellular, clear fluid lubricates the pleural surface.
Increased accumulation of pleural fluid is called pleural effusion | Pathology | null |
51ea0a51-0a90-47da-9a9b-15289248f537 | Which among the following is implicated in causing Parkinson | Carbon dioxide | Ethanol | Manganese | Zinc | 2c | single | Manganese, carbon monoxide, methanol, cyanide are known to cause Parkinson's | Medicine | null |
0a41db89-6e71-4fca-9010-d87395329ef3 | Hemolytic anaemia is seen most commonly due to | Pyruvate kinase | Phospho fructokinase I | Phospho fructokinase II | Pyruvate dehydrogenase | 0a | single | Pyruvate kinase deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body&;s tissues. People with this disorder have a condition known as chronic hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are broken down (undergo hemolysis) prematurely, resulting in a shoage of red blood cells (<... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
1aa6ef3b-7bfa-423c-bb93-a649201c4fe1 | Which of the following has the highest biological value? | Egg | Soyabean | Milk | Meat | 0a | single | Biological value of a protein is defined as the ratio between amount of nitrogen retained: nitrogen absorbed during a specified time expressed as percentage. Egg has a biological value of 100 compared to 85 of meat and 75 of milk. Biological value of 100 indicates that all of the protein is retained by the body. Biolog... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
81b9e6f1-4163-4be5-a410-a779f4780097 | Bones, stones, abdominal groans and psychiatric oveones' are features of | Hypehyroidism | Hypothyroidism | Hyperparathyroidism | Hypoparathyroidism | 2c | single | The early descriptions of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were dominated by those with osteitis fibrosa cystica. Brown tumours of the long bones and associated subperiosteal bone reabsorption, distal tapering of the clavicles and the classical 'salt and pepper' erosions of the skull were typical findings. Ove... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
87b02de7-7c40-4274-b8d5-cc3e0db45dee | Hypercalcemia is not seen in: | Lithium therapy | Chronic renal failure | Multiple myeloma | Vitamin A deficiency | 3d | single | Answer is D (Vitamin A deficiency). Hypercalcemia is seen with Vit. A intoxication (not deficiency) due to associated high bone turnover. Causes of hypercalcemia: Parathyroid related Vitamin D related * * * Primary hyperparathyroidism Q Lithium therapy Q Familial hypercalciuric hypercalcemia * * * Vitamin D intoxicatio... | Medicine | null |
b599db57-a077-4770-a8e0-de81187870da | Muscle contraction following nerve impulse involves following steps expect | Action potential across nerve muscle junction (NMJ) | Dopamine release at NMJ | Release of calcium form sarcoplasmic reticulum | Calcium initiates attractive forces between actin and myosin filament | 1b | multi | Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter in the NMJ Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 26th edition | Physiology | Nervous system |
88a1abb8-1db8-4f89-bb13-468bb0485d34 | Normal epidermal turnover time is? | 1 week | 2 weeks | 3 weeks | 4 weeks | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4 weeks Epidermal turn over time* Epidermis renews itself continuously by cell division in the deepest layer, the basal layer. It is the continuously multiplying layer. The basal cells show mitosis and each basal cell multiplies and produces keratinocytes which moves up, the so called epidermal prolif... | Skin | Anatomy of Skin |
4698e5e1-5dca-41b2-a610-b1c5f7a0f7f4 | Rosettes found at the lid margin are a feature of: | Squamous blepharitis | Ulcerative blepharitis | Both of the above | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. Ulcerative blepharitis | Ophthalmology | null |
667203da-b8b4-4abb-9572-7c47b1b26e3f | Diagnostic procedure for postmenopausal bleeding | Endometrial aspiration | Hysteroscopic guided biopsy | Dilatation and curettage | Ultrasound | 1b | single | Gold standard is hysteroscopic directed endometrial sampling. Next, best is endometrial aspiration as it gives a global endometrial sample by viue of suction. D and C and EB should never be done to diagnose the cause of postmenopausal bleeding. The most common cause overall is senile endometritis and the most common ma... | Anatomy | All India exam |
00d85ee6-c564-48d5-ab5c-2ffc44b88059 | Which of the following is not an AB 5 toxin- | Cholera toxin | Pertussis toxin | Shiga toxin | Heat labile toxin | 1b | single | Ans. B. Pertussis toxin.a. Pertussis toxin is a 105 kDa protein composed of six subunits:b. S1 (A subunit) and B subunit consisting of S2, S3, (2) S4, and S5.c. Pertussis toxin is the most important virulence factor- helps it to evade phagocytes by inhibiting their phagocytic function and helps the bacterium to bind ho... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
f6537c7c-e2a6-40c9-aabe-699d98bc9de6 | Which of the following is true of mumps – | Salivary gland involvement is limited to the parotids | The patient is not infectious prior to clinical parotid enlargement | Menigoencephalitis can precede parotitis | Mumps orchitis frequently leads to infertility | 2c | multi | "Aseptic meningitis may develop before, during, after or in the absence of parotids." - Harrison 17th/e-1220
About other options
Mainly parotid glands are involved, but sublingual and submaxillary glands may also be involved.
The patient is infectious 4-6 days before the onset of swelling.
Sterility after mumps orchit... | Pediatrics | null |
5c57f2cd-727b-436d-8fc1-0ac90fea8090 | Most common organ involved in blunt abdominal trauma is | Liver | Spleen | Pancreas | Stomach | 1b | single | .repeated | Surgery | Trauma |
db4e46c8-329b-4b57-9e78-8ad0cedcd003 | At which one of the following age period a child can remove front opening garment ? | 24 months | 36 months | 48 months | 60 months | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 36 months o A child can dress or undress himself completely by 3 years. | Pediatrics | null |
46819a87-30e1-41ea-b2f7-6889b9de2908 | Lateral border of cubital fossa is formed by- | Pronator teres | Brachioradialis | Supinator | Brachialis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., BrachioradialisCubital FossaLateral boundryBrachioradialisMedial boundryPronater teresBaseLine joining the two epicondyles of humerusApexPoint joining lateral and medial boundriesFloorBrachialis, supinatorRoofSkin, superficial fascia (containing medial cubital vein, lateral and medial cutaneous nerve ... | Anatomy | Arm and Cubital Fossa |
6a0270c9-a207-4c3c-9f4b-c69e50479a8b | Maternal serum Alpha Feto Protein (MSAFP) is raised in all the following conditions except : | Spina bifida | Multiple pregnancy | Omphalocele | Down's syndrome | 3d | multi | Down's syndrome | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
65fe7d83-6871-4075-a7fe-98c907deb003 | Red velvety appearance of stomach and crimson plus of lower esophagus seen in which poisoning | Mercury | Zinc | Lead | Arsenic | 3d | single | Internal findings There may be lines of redness running along the walls and sub-mucous hemorrhages. stomach mucosa shows red velvety appearance. There may be ulceration in the pyloric region. Mucous membrane of the lower end of esophagus shows congestion and inflammation called crimson plus. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND ... | Anatomy | Poisoning |
e0c0ca44-5332-4bcc-be6a-d2adddeb6048 | Which of the following organs is the most common site of origin of the tumour associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | Duodenum | Lymph nodes | Spleen | Pancreas | 0a | single | Gastrin producing endocrine tumour is often found in the duodenal loop,although it also occurs in the pancreas,especially in the head. Bailey & Love ,26th, 1055. | Surgery | G.I.T |
0a869a73-e67a-46cf-a2f5-92ef41d153cf | By Fick's first law of diffusion, rate of simple diffusion is NOT propoional to: | Surface area | Temperature | Concentration gradient | Thickness of the membrane | 1b | single | Fick's first law for diffusion: Rate of simple diffusion = - D.A X /d Minus sign indicates downhill transpo D - Diffusion coefficient A - surface area available for diffusion C1 - C2 is the concentration gradient of the diffusing substance d - diffusion distance or thickness of the membrane through which the substance ... | Physiology | General Physiology |
a5e93d2f-63e6-41a7-a281-f342fccba1f7 | Broca's motor speech area is present in | Superior temporal gyrus | Precentral gyrus | Post central gyrus | Inferior frontal gyrus | 3d | single | Broca&;s area 44 is in the frontal lobe immediately in front of the inferior end of motor coex ( which is inferior frontal gyrus). Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;23rd edition; pg:297 | Physiology | Nervous system |
f3c51954-fa78-4bdd-a1e0-6fe370a9c4b0 | If aerobic glycolysis uses Glycerol-3-Phosphate shuttle, How many net ATPs are produced? | 2 ATP | 5 ATP | 7 ATP | 3 ATP | 1b | single | The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH. Therefore, the NADH produced in the cytosol cannot directly enter the mitochondria. It enters mitochondria indirectly with the help of shuttles. e.g glycerol phosphate and malate shuttles. ATP yield in Aerobic glycolysis and Glycerol phosphate shuttle: Total ATP ... | Biochemistry | Link reaction |
083da935-95d5-408a-8ca0-c3470bf9b7d2 | The first costochondral joint is a - | Fibrous joint | Synovial joint | Syndesmosis | Synchondrosis | 3d | single | Costochondral junctions are primary cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis). | Anatomy | null |
f6c037a8-31d3-4ef5-8a1b-6bad84b26d9a | Casal's necklace is seen in deficiency of: September 2012 | Vitamin A deficiency | Niacin | Vitamin B12 deficiency | Iron deficiency anemia | 1b | single | Ans: B i.e. Niacin The Casal collar or Casal necklace is a clinical sign in which there is erythematous pigmented skin rash in the distribution of a broad collar (dermatomes C3 and C4). It is seen in patients with pellagra. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
860570b3-f14f-4311-b40a-c3880cd14233 | . Treatment of stage III B carcinoma cervix is: | Wertheim procedure | Schauta's procedure | Chemotherapy | Intracavitary Brachy therapy followed by external beam RT | 3d | single | As discussed in the preceeding text, best treatment for stage III B of invasive cancer is chemoradiation. Since this option is not given – we will go for next best option, i.e. Radiotherapy
Generally from stage II B-IV A when radiotherapy is given - external beam pelvic radiation precedes brachytherapy. But again since... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
cfaaca3e-bede-4b28-bf2a-c43009c718b3 | Sporulation occurs in which phase of bacterial growth curve: | Stationary phase | Lag phase | Log phase | Decline phase | 0a | single | Lag phase - Adaptation phase to culture media |sed Accumulate nutrient size Log(2)n - Exponential es in number Stationary phase - Sta of Accumulation of toxic metabolites = Dead Live -Sporulation occur in stationary phase (S-S) Decline: Complete accumulation of Toxin metabolites | Microbiology | FMGE 2019 |
894473e3-cbdf-490e-a342-cffca235895d | Burr cell is seen in | Uremia | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Gastric carcinoma | Ovarian cancer | 0a | single | Ref Tejinder Singh 1/e p38, robbins 9/e pg 418 Other causes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia include malignant hypeension, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and disseminated cancer. The morphologic alterations in the injured red cells (schistocytes) are st... | Anatomy | Haematology |
732f1524-159a-41e7-bb20-080bbd5b1f27 | Which among the following is the shoest peptide? | Angiotensin-III | Vasopressin | Angiotensin-II | Angiotensin-I | 0a | single | Angiotensinogen is a 452-amino-acid-long protein, which is produced by the liver. Angiotensin I, comprising the first 10 amino acids of angiotensinogen, is produced by cleavage of a leucine-valine bond by renin. The 10-amino-acid angiotensin I is completely inactive but is subsequently conveed to the eight-amino-acid p... | Biochemistry | null |
13c8d765-001b-4f1f-bb78-e3c14947d9cf | Most accurate measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECF) can be done by using : | Sucrose. | Mannitol. | Inulin. | Aminopyrine | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Inulin First let's see different types of body fluid.Extracellular fluid - It is a general term for all the body fluids outside the cells.It consists ofInterstitial fluidPlasmaLymphCerebrospinal fluidIntracellular fluidPortion of total body fluid which are within the cell membranesMeasurement of body f... | Physiology | Body Fluids |
691809c6-04c4-4db1-b52a-7bec6f31fd6b | All are used in treating spasmodic dysmenorhoea except : | Bromocriptine | Ibuprofen | Mefanamic acid | Norethisterone and Ethinyl estradiol | 0a | multi | Bromocriptine | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
dfbb8c3c-fa44-49d9-93c5-33df90b83a26 | Which does not contribute to enterobiliary fistula | Gastric ulcer | Duodenal ulcer | Carcinoma gallbladder | Gallstones | 0a | multi | Internal biliary fistula Cholecystoduodenal fistula(72-80%) are MC biliary enteric fistulas followed by cholecysticolic fistula (8-12%). Etiology Calculous biliary tract disease (90%). Duodenal ulcer(6%) Neoplasm, trauma, Parasitic infestation and congenital anomalies (4%) Ref : Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1507 | Anatomy | G.I.T |
894e6a3d-6e39-4d9b-868a-7c74d2f48246 | Ability of stem cells to cross barrier of differentiation to transform into a cell of another lineage expressing the molecular characteristics of different cell type with the ability to perform the function of the new cell type is referred as: | De differentiation | Re differentiation | Trans-differentiation | Sub differentiation | 2c | single | Stem cell is defined as a cell with a unique capacity to produce unaltered daughter cellsand to generate specialized cell types (potency). Once cells are differentiated, their phenotypes are stable. However, tissue stem cells, which are thought to be lineage-committed multipotent cells, possess the capacity to differen... | Pathology | Genetics |
08a216c1-8ffc-47a0-b0b1-146e5260b570 | Metoclopramide is useful for all except - | Motion sickness | Chemotherapy induced vomiting | Antiemetic | All | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Motion sickness o Metoclopramide can be used as an antiemetic in postoperative, drug induced, disease associated, radiation sickness, but is less effective in motion sickness. o It should not be used to augment lactation. Though the amount secreted in milk is small, but suckling infant may develop loo... | Pharmacology | null |
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