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5d2fb436-836b-4b97-bc95-a25f2d88c742 | Antisera is obtained from | Guinea pig | Horse | Rat | Rabbit | 1b | single | Antisera (Antitoxins): Materials prepared in animals; non-human sources like horses | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9d053dd4-021b-44aa-8387-0e604524a33c | Antigen processing cells are all of the following, except: | Astrocytes | Dendritic cells in lymphoid follicles | Reticulum cells of lymph nodes | Langerhan's cells | 0a | multi | Antigen presenting cells include:Macrophages: APC of bloodModified macrophages:Dendritic reticulum cells in follicles of lymph nodesInterdigitating reticulum cells in the paracoical zone of lymph nodesLangerhans cells: APC of skinAstrocytes do not function as APC(ref: Robbin's 8/e p192) | Medicine | All India exam |
289b2337-8c21-45e7-b667-f40b43a6c7c4 | Endemic typhus cause and vector is | R. prowazki and louse | R. typhi and Rats | R. conori and tick | R. akari and mite | 1b | single | Endemic Typhus Is also known as 'Flea borne typhus' or 'Murine Typhus' Causative agent : Rickettsia typhi (R.mooseri) Reservoir: Rats Mode of Transmission : Rat Flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis) - But not Through bite, rather through feces innoculation on skin or inhalation of dried infective faeces Incubation period : 1-2 we... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
325b4a30-8749-4d45-a26b-0c3d2207eb44 | Node of Rouviere is | Retropharyngeal | Pharyngeal | Nasopharyngeal | Retromolar trigone | 0a | single | Ref: Various articles & internet sources
Node of Rouviere is the most superior of the lateral group of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. It is found at the base of the skull. They represent one of the first echelon lymphnodes typically involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). | Anatomy | null |
319748b1-6bc3-4b03-9c1b-7d159271b216 | Differentiation between N.gonorrheae and N.meningitidis can be done by: | Glucose fermentation | VP reaction | Maltose fermentation | Indole test | 2c | single | null | Microbiology | null |
080780ba-a681-4975-b1bf-e5b0cac68a42 | Secondary detion of the eye is based on the following law: | Hering's | Listing's | Donder's | Sherrington's | 0a | single | Ans. Hering's | Ophthalmology | null |
35ea0f89-5606-4a0f-8a19-6d55030dc5d2 | False about fibrous dysplasia | Associated with McCune-Albright syndrome | Associated with mazabraud syndrome | Shepherd Crook deformity of femur | Biopsy is contra-indicated | 3d | multi | Mazabraud syndrome- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with intramuscular myxomas. | Orthopaedics | null |
8fb7eb56-78de-488e-bff8-8e4dda3780cc | What is not true about valid consent- | Obtained in presence of two witnesses | Use technical jargon | Should not be obtained with force,, fear or fraud | True information to be given freely | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Use technical jargon Legally valid consent for medical examination and treatment is one :-o Given by person himself, if above 12 years, conscious and mentally sound (sane),o Or given by parent, guardian, or friend, if patient is less than 12 years or is unconscious or is insane,o Is written informed c... | Forensic Medicine | Misc. |
c15f1324-800a-472c-897a-ce6baaaab5ed | Earliest suture to close among the following - | Lambdoid | Saggital | Coronal | Metopic | 3d | single | Premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, either major/ minor is called as CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS. SEQUENCE OF CLOSURE OF SUTURES - METOPIC ( 2 months) - SAGGITAL - CORONAL - LAMBDOID (22-26 months)f/b frontonasal - frontozygomatic (68-72 months) Mc type of craniosynostosis is scaphocephaly/ Dolichocephaly d/t prematu... | Pediatrics | Congenital CNS malformations |
6bf4bdc5-63d1-4a9e-91d8-008165f51fe2 | Wickehm's stria seen in – | Lichen niditus | Lichenoid eruption | Lichen striates | Lichen planus | 3d | single | The surface of lesion of lichen planus has white streaks when examined under magnifying lens → Wickham's stria. | Dental | null |
68214423-fe1d-488f-94b4-9e1ab0b9f6bb | In lypoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid metabolism, which of the following products help to promote the platelets aggregation and vaso constriction | C5a | Thromboxane A2 | Leukotriene B4 | C1 activators | 1b | single | ref Robbins 9/e p84 Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets during hemostasis and has prothrombotic propeies: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation | Anatomy | General anatomy |
5f48c8be-83e1-4ac3-a55f-09c08f92bd66 | Commonest site of lytic lesion, in multiple myeloma is | Veebral column | Femur | Clavicle | Pelvis | 0a | single | Answer is A (Veebral column) The commonest site of involvement in multiple myeloma is veebral column. Although any bone may be involved, the following order of involvement is most often seen. Veebral column (66%) > Ribs (44%) > Skull(41%)> pelvis (28%)>frinur (24%) > clavicle(10%) > scapula(10%) | Medicine | null |
879b3a36-2ef2-4d69-b019-69f64be7bb12 | The increase in the threshold of a receptor when a series of stimuli of subthreshold intensity are applied in succession is called | Adaptation | Accomodation | Initiation | Resistance | 1b | multi | Accommodation - Slow rising subthreshold stimulus failing to produce action potential even when the normal threshold levels are reached.
This occurs because of inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
Adaptation- Persistent application of suprathreshold stimulus fails to generate repetitive firing. | Physiology | null |
5bbdd38f-a94b-43eb-89ea-f068abb8b433 | Inferior wall MI - | Post interventricular artery | Ant interventricular artey | Atrial branch | Nodal branch | 0a | multi | null | Pathology | null |
af232a42-1e78-4f00-ab11-8966df52908c | A patient with discharge per vagina was evaluated and on endocervical biopsy Chlamydia was found. Treatment to be given in this case is: | Azithromycin and contact tracing | Metronidazole only | Doxycycline and metronidazole | Azithromycin | 0a | single | Ans. is a, i.e. Azithromycin and contact tracingRef: Harrison 18th/ed, pl426; William's Gynae 1st/ed, p66; Current diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases p 81Management of ChlamydiaUncomplicated chlamydia can be treated with Tetracycline (500mg 4 times daily), Doxycycline (1000mg twice daily), Erythro... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Sexually Transmitted Disease in the Female |
830a833f-fbd7-41f9-8ccb-caab9f38c3ee | Familial polysosis coli is associated with | Intussusception | Toxic magacolon | Cancer | Ulcerative colitis | 2c | single | .HNCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colonic cancer) * No polyps. Autosomal dominant* Three members of the family have colonic cancers * Lynch syndrome I is site specific - commonly right sided, occurs in early age group, 40% are metachronous * Lynch syndrome II has other malignancy in, stomach, breast, ovary, endometrium an... | Surgery | G.I.T |
498cdf2d-77ed-4333-9e3b-e392d76e376d | Urinary bladder develops from ? | Preallantoic hind gut | Proctodeum | Cloaca | None | 2c | multi | Postallantoic pa of hind gut is the dilated endodermal cloaca, which is separated from the surface by cloacal mambrane.Urorectal septum divides endodermal cloacae into :-i) Anterior pa, known as primitive urogenital sinus, which develops into urinary bladder and urethra.ii) Posterior pa, known as primitive rectum, whic... | Anatomy | null |
8968c9e7-e332-4baa-9396-4de241efdf1a | In giant cell tumor of the bone.,the cell of origin is | Fibroblst cells | Osteoclast and precursors | Osteoblast and precursors | Sinusoidal cells | 2c | single | The Neoplastic cells of giant cell tumor are primitive osteoblast precursors but they represent only a minority of the tumor cells.The bulk of the tumor consists of non Neoplastic osteoclast and their precursors Ref Robbins page no 1203 | Anatomy | Musculoskeletal system |
9b1ab664-a324-4640-ab00-1293419f5452 | Cornification index or eosinophilic index in the diagnosis of atrophic vaginitis indicates: | Progesterone effect | Estrogenic effect | Effect of LH | All of the above | 1b | multi | The degree of maturation of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells, as revealed by stained vaginal smears, is an index of estrogenic activity. Among the various methods of assessing the smears, the following are most commonly used: the maturation index consists of a differential count of 3 types of squamous cells--parabas... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ad096e80-d779-48c0-b865-2617e186dda3 | Ureter develops from | Pronephros | Metanephros | Mesonephros | Mesonephric duct | 3d | single | null | Anatomy | Development of GU system and Neuro-vascular supply of pelvis & perineum |
7d14a0d0-a80a-451d-b117-0c50aef9e15a | Which of the following enzymes is the most impoant enzyme for regulating lipogenesis: | Hydratase | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | Enoyl reductase | Acetyl transacetylase | 1b | single | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis. Activated by citrate Inhibited by Palmitoyl CoA. Conves Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA, Also uses Biotin as coenzyme and ATP. As ATP is used, name of enzyme is also Malonyl CoA Synthetase. | Biochemistry | Fatty acid and synthesis |
ff430f1c-df57-4550-9564-3e20fd7c4b3b | All of the following are seen in MEN 2b except ? | Hyperparathyroidism | Neuromas | Medullary carcinoma thyroid | Pheochromocytoma | 0a | multi | MEN 2B syndrome includes medullary carcinoma thyroid, pheochromocytoma along with phenotypic changes including marfanoid habitus, skeletal abnormalities, abnormal dental enamel, multiple mucosal neuromas. MEN 2A includes Primary hyperparathyroidism, Medullary carcinoma of thyroid and Pheochromocytoma. Pituitary tumours... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
8e328125-e25d-4579-abdb-41a41a1f57db | Role of P-selectin in inflammation? | Rolling | Adhesion | Homing | Transmigration | 0a | single | Rolling: It is the process of transient adhesion of leukocytes with the endothelial cells The weak and transient interactions involved in rolling are mediated by the selectin family of adhesion molecules Selectins are receptors expressed on leukocytes and endothelium that contain an extracellular domain that binds suga... | Pathology | General pathology |
6387e852-f78a-459a-a28e-3c87d96ea381 | Diagonal conjugateis defined as the distance between : | Upper border of symphysis pubis and the sacral promontory | Lower border of symphysis pubis and the sacral promontory | Lower border of symphysis pubis and the third piece of sacrum | Lower border of symphysis pubis and tip of sacrum | 1b | single | · The diagonal conjugate is clinically estimated by measuring the distance from the sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis | Unknown | null |
4470c59d-8b72-4c9f-8524-bf1e6f491f73 | For karyotyping, the dividing cells are arrested by the addition of colchicine in which of the following mitotic phase? | Prophase | Metaphase | Anaphase | Telophase | 1b | single | Chromosomes are examined after arresting dividing cells in metaphase with mitotic spindle inhibitors (e.g., N-diacetyl N-methylcolchicine), followed by staining. | Pediatrics | Types of Genetic Disorders |
ff034053-2ef2-439e-8621-179a5b9903dc | Brill Zinsser disease is caused by | C. burnetti | R. typhi | R. slovaca | R. prowazekii | 3d | single | DiseaseEtiologyDescriptionGroup Affected/Epidemiologic FactorsClinical SyndromeEpidemic typhusRickettsia prowazekiiMaculopapular eruption appearing inaxillae, spreading to trunk and later toextremities; usually spares face, palms, soles;evolves from blanchable macules to confluent eruption with petechiae; rash evanesce... | Medicine | C.V.S |
a5c81524-f539-4e4a-ba03-508a47931295 | The lens is derived from - | Surface Ectoderm | Endoderm | Mesoderm | Neuroectoderm | 0a | single | null | Ophthalmology | null |
a067dbdc-db67-48e3-8ffa-388ebcf2e398 | True about the Tongue is | Extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of tongue supplied by lingual nerve | Taste fibres from anterior 2/3 of the tongue is suppliedby facial nerve | Posterior 1/3 of the tongue drain into Submandibular lymph nodes | Posterior 1/3 of the tongue is supplied by vagus nerve | 1b | multi | (B) Taste fibres from anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by facial nerve # Chorda tympani is the nerve of taste (and therefore taste papillae) for anterior 2/3rd of tongue except circumvallate papillae.> Glossopharyngeal nerve is for both general sensation and taste from posterior l/3rd of tongue including circumva... | Anatomy | Misc. |
5a7bc74a-08f2-4dca-868c-24c1f4a75cc4 | All except in brown sequard syndrome | Ipsilateral pyramidal tract features | C/L dorsal column | C/L spinothalmic | Insilateral Dianter extensor | 1b | multi | . *Ipsilateral dorsal column features are affected because they do not cross to opposite side until they reach medulla. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2667 | Medicine | C.N.S |
8d5122af-0295-40e2-8e78-2e09cd2204d0 | Heparin therapy should be monitored with intermittent estimation of: | Bleeding time | aPTT | Prothrombin time | All of the above | 1b | multi | aPTT is maintained 1.5 - 2 times the normal mean aPTT value. Clotting time is maintained at 1.8 - 2.5 times the normal mean aPTT value. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition Page no 335 | Pharmacology | Hematology |
db47b74a-99e1-4282-b618-92c15fbf88c2 | Radiological sign in case of Pehe's disease - | Epiphyseal calcification | Organized calcification | Lateral subluxation femur head | Restriction of abduction | 2c | single | Pehes disease is divided into 5 distinct radiographic stages : *cessation of growth of capital femoral epiphysis - occurs after initial ischaemic episode & last for 6-12 months . *subchondral fracture - causes collapse of head &ischemia ,visible on radiograph for an average of three months *resorption - necrotic epiphy... | Orthopaedics | Pediatric orthopedics |
df0b8fad-d774-4a13-810c-09164182ef89 | Burns and hematemesis - | Cushing ulcer | Curlings ulcer | Malgagnie's ulcer | Intracranial tumor | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Curling's ulcer o Curling's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer (stress ulcer) of the duodenum described in 1842 by Curling as a complication of bums. According to Robb in's Curling ulcers are associated with severe burns or trauma,o Cushing's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer of stomach, duodenum and esophagus see... | Surgery | Benign Gastric Disease |
c51ca3d3-19f4-4e97-83bb-1b03639a7a17 | Which type of cells are NOT found in stomach? | Chief cells | Parietal cells | Enterochromaffin cells | Goblet cells | 3d | single | Goblet cells are interspersed between the absorptive cells. They are less abundant in the duodenum and more numerous in the ileum. These cells produce glycoprotein mucins that are hydrated and cross-linked to form mucus, whose main function is to protect and lubricate the lining of the intestine. The cells of the gastr... | Anatomy | null |
37612454-b6d6-431c-904f-88294357f414 | All of the following are true about Obsessive compulsive disorder EXCEPT | Washers | Checkers | Thought insertion causes distress | Insight is absent | 3d | multi | (D) Insight is absent # Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:> An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse or image which intrudes into conscious awareness repeatedly. It is recognized as one's own idea, impulse or image but is ego-alien (foreign to one's personality). It is recognized as irrational and absurd (insight is pre... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
3822ee5c-3460-4ded-9d24-0f028e80b2a3 | Which of the following is not an indication for a class II
activator: | Mandibular retrusion | Horizontal/anterior type of mandibular growth | Crowding lower anteriors | Upright lower anteriors | 2c | single | Class-II and III malocclusions, class-I open bite and deep bite malocclusions, children with lack of vertical development in lower facial height, and upright mandibular incisors are indications of activators.
Activators may produce moderate mandibular rotation (anteriorly down words), so they are contraindicated in ver... | Dental | null |
bc80b7cd-43cb-46f6-a0c5-a61148e34af8 | Hea failure cells are | Lipofuscin granules in cardiac cells | Pigmented alveolar macrophages | Pigmented pancreatic acinar cells | Pigment cells seen in liver | 1b | single | Rising pressure in the pulmonary veins is ultimately transmitted back to the capillaries and aeries of the lungs, resulting in congestion and edema as well as pleural effusion due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the venules of the visceral pleura. The lungs are heavy and boggy, and microscopically show periva... | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
08886474-ade9-4d27-9802-b25462c1fefe | Which of the following is true upper esophageal sphincter? | Its physiological not anatomical | It has pressure of 10 to 20 mmHg | It is under hormonal control | It is formed by striated muscles | 0a | multi | Upper oesophageal sphincter(UES) is a true sphincter. It has pressure of 35-200mmHg. It is formed by cricopharyngeal muscle which is a striated muscle. It is under Neurochemical control.The only neurotransmitter of UES opening or closing muscles found to mediate contraction is acetylcholine acting through nicotinic cho... | Physiology | G.I.T |
fc53d5b1-5b64-4160-92bc-92a91b211ebd | Which of following techniques is used for detection of variation in DNA sequence and Gene expression? | Northern blot | Southern blot | Western blot | Microarray | 3d | single | Ans. D. Microarray(Ref: Robbins 9/e page177,178)DNA microarray can be used to detect DNA sequence variationsRNA Microarray can detect Gene expression. | Biochemistry | Molecular Biology Techniques |
53316c73-34c7-4d60-8e6b-2378013f95c3 | In combination birth control pills, the contraceptive effect of the estrogenic component is primarily related to | Conversion of ethinyl estradiol to mestranol | Suppression of cervical mucus secretion | Suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion | Suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion | 3d | single | The two estrogenic compounds used in oral contraceptives are ethinyl estradiol and its 3-methyl ether, mestranol.
To become biologically effective, mestranol must be demethylated to ethinyl estradiol, because mestranol does not bind to the estrogenic cytosol receptor.
The degree of conversion of mestranol to ethinyl es... | Unknown | null |
a3a8284e-e30c-43f4-8c82-f40cc8c57977 | All of the following are unilateral landmarks except: | Basion | Pogonion | Ptm | Gnathion | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
3e34ba5d-4bbd-44af-b5c5-d5d6cbbd38af | Koch's triangle has blood supply from | Right coronary | Left circumflex | Left anterior descending | Anterior aoic sinus | 0a | single | Koch&;s triangle has blood supply from Right coronary | Anatomy | Thorax |
cfebaf90-c332-4f2c-988b-7e8d5532818b | Hypoglycemia in late infant and child occurs if blood glucose level is - | 40 mg/dl | 60 mg/dl | 10 mg/dl | 20 mg/dl | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 40 mg/dl Hypoglycemia in neonate is defined as blood glucose of less than 40 mg/dl, irrespective of gestational age. | Pediatrics | null |
9c421d14-3c22-4f6f-92b2-7b021dfa9923 | A 30-year-old man who was recenlty started on haloperidol 30 mg/day developed hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, akinesia, mutism, sweating, tachycardia and increased blood pressure. The investigations showed increased WBC count, increased creatinine phophokinase. This is no history of any other drug intake or any signs of... | Drug overdose | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | Drug induced Parkinsonism | Tardive dyskinesia | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e. neuroleptic malignant syndrome It is a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to intake of high dose of haloperidol (The usual dose of haloperidol is 2-20 mg/day)The syndrome may develop in upto 1% of patient using antipsychotic and is more common in high doses, the elderly and those with organic br... | Psychiatry | Drugs & Other Biological Methods of Treatment |
fcdd32c0-5433-406c-b6db-26d6c854398d | Which of the following is based on ionic charge - | Filtration | Dialysis | Electrophoresis | Ultracentrifugation | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Electrophoresis Property of protein usedMethodMolecular charge (Ionic charge)o Ion exchange chromatographyo High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)o Electrophoresis (simple on cellulose acetate starch gel)o Isoelectric focusing (a variant of electrophoresis)Protein solubility''Salting out' or sa... | Biochemistry | Miscellaneous (Structure & Function of Proteins) |
6278435e-5ef0-4cf6-94a8-e8896f1f8fdb | Type of graft, best suited for renal transplantation | Allograft | Autograft | Xenograft | Isograft | 3d | multi | Isograft is the graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical i:e, monozygotic twins. Transplant rejection between two such individuals viually never occurs. As monozygotic twins have the same histocompatibility complex, there is very rare chance of rejection of transplanted tissue by the adapti... | Microbiology | general microbiology |
df0ba864-d124-4ee5-b38f-03b806b23d0f | Detergents used to disinfect dental instruments in the office kill bacteria by interfering with functions of the cell | wall | nucleus | membrane | capsule | 2c | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
5a91b50c-b1ff-48b1-a6ea-58e5de5e5093 | Which one of the following is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor? | Efavirenz | Nevirapine | Zidovudine | Saquinavir | 2c | single | (C) Zidovudine # RTIs come in 3 forms:> Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NARTIs or NRTIs)> Nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtARTIs or NtRTIs)> Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)> Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NARTIs or NRTIs): compose th... | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) |
2a3218f7-c767-4372-9086-badaf103eb1b | Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by which of the following viruses? | Cytomegalovirus | HIV infection | Coxsackie A virus | Herpes simplex virus | 2c | single | Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by Coxsackie A vims which usually affects children. Ulcers are seen on the tongue, palate and anterior part of oral cavity. Vesiculopapular lesions are seen on the palms and soles also.Cytomegalovirus causes large ulcers in oral cavity and exudative pharyngotonsillitis.Herpes simp... | ENT | Oral Cavity |
0811ba79-30fd-4576-ab39-8b1d78c5f5da | According to WHO, exclusive breast milk is given upto- | 6 months | 4 months | 8 months | 10 months | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 6 months Exclusive breast feeding : The baby should be given only breast milk and nothing else (not even water) for first 6 months of life. Weaning should be started by 6 months of age with semisolid food, in addition to continuing breast feeding.o The WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding for the f... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Pediatrics |
b0e5040c-bd9e-431c-9910-491e300d8aed | Rate limiting enzyme in testosterone synthesis | 17,20 lyase | 20,22-desmolase | 3-bHSD | 17-hydroxylase | 1b | single | Cholesterol is first acted upon by desmolase and a 6-carbon unit is cleaved off, forming 21 carbon steroid, pregnenolone It is the common precursor for all the steroid hormonesRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 664 | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
4cf54361-20f0-48cc-aa15-37769f099be7 | Not seen in alpha helix | Alanine | Leucine | Proline | Isoleucine | 2c | single | a-Helix: A peptide chain forms regular helical coils called a-helix. These coils are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between carbonyl O of 1st amino and amide N of 4th amino acid residues. Thus in a-helix intrachain hydrogen bonding is present. The a-helices can be either right handed or left handed. Left-handed a-helix i... | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
87036c22-39ee-4837-8ffc-8a016d4daba2 | Medical certificate is - | Documentary evidence | Oral evidence | Hearsay evidence | Parole | 0a | single | Medical certificate is the simplest type of written/documentary evidence. | Forensic Medicine | null |
b3703695-b58c-4237-9214-5e2a9df3f962 | Most sensitive test for acute fetal distress : | Fresh meconium on induction of labour | Loss of beat to beat variation of hea beat | Increased fetal movements | Type 1 dips in second stage | 1b | single | Loss of beat to beat variation of hea beat | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
5be85006-8f1e-4db8-9c8e-17268b71489e | The plateau phase of action potential is due to: | Influx of Na+ | Influx of Ca 2+ | Influx of K+ | Closure of voltage gated K' channels | 1b | single | There are 5 phases of action potential. The plateau phase corresponds to phase 2 of action potential. Plateau phase is due to slow influx of calcium ions resulting from opening of sarcolemmal L type calcium channels and also due to closure of a distinct set of K+ channels called the inward rectifying K+ channels. Phase... | Physiology | null |
9f547988-f585-49e4-bf5a-461832b7356a | Which drug is used in treatment of vertigo - | Cinnarizine | Metoclopramide | Cisapride | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cinnarizine o Vertigo is due to labyrinthine disorder and the impulse utilizes cholinergic muscarinic and HI histamic receptors (similar to motion sickness).o So, the drugs used are antimuscarinic, phenothiazines (phenothiazines have anticholinergic property) and antihistaminics.o Cinnarizine (act by ... | Pharmacology | Anti Histaminics |
6c4a7859-dbc0-48fb-9dba-83e05ffa4d0c | Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause | Only necrosis | Only apoptosis | Both necrosis and apoptosis | Anoikis | 2c | multi | Many therapeutic drugs can cause cell or tissue injury in a susceptible patient or if used excessively or inappropriately.Radiation, cytotoxic anticancer drugs, extremes of temperature, and even hypoxia can damage DNA, either directly or through the production of free radicals. If repair mechanisms cannot cope with the... | Pathology | General pathology |
9bc61f48-f456-4ca8-be97-cb7c374388ee | First step of treatment of a person with FAP family history is | colonoscopy | Total colectomy | Gene testing | Frozen section | 2c | multi | Gene testing is performed first. If positive screening begins from 10 years of age. | Surgery | null |
404c45fb-a1b2-44fa-a893-71a3af2e162a | Which of the following is an activator of LCAT | Apo B 100 | Apo B 48 | Apo E | Apo AI | 3d | single | Apo-Al
Apo A-I is an activator for lecithin : cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT). | Biochemistry | null |
871f023a-a087-4d9b-a4d8-21ed389bba56 | A patient diagnosed to have deep vein thrombosis is being treated with heparin. Which of the following test will you order to adjust its dosage ? | Platelet count | Prothrombin time | Bleeding time | Activated paial thromboplastin time | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Activated paial thromboplastin time o Lab control of heprin is done by monitoring aPTT. | Pharmacology | null |
971bff4b-0980-43b4-b41a-b022eba83233 | A 72-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea for the past year. Decreased breath sounds are heard on auscultation of the right side of the chest. A chest radiograph shows a large pleural mass that nearly encases the right lung. Exposure to which of the following metals is most likely to be associated with these finding... | Arsenic | Asbestos | Beryllium | Chromium | 1b | single | Asbestos fibers can cause pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with restrictive lung disease, and there is an increased risk of malignancy. Individuals who have been exposed to asbestos and who smoke have a greatly increased incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma. Mesothelioma is uncommon, even in individuals with asbestos exp... | Pathology | Environment & Nutritional Pathology |
7819da00-0b0f-4d42-8cf6-43a7094dcdc8 | Super antigen is produced by all the following except: | Mycoplasma arthridis | Enterotoxin - A of food poisoning | Malassezia furfur | Enterococcus fecalis | 3d | multi | Enterococcus fecalis is not a super antigen. | Microbiology | null |
9b2a0cbf-57af-471d-93cd-83f152fdc209 | Sphincter urethrae is present in- | Prostatic urethra | Spongy urethra | Membranous urethra | Penile urethra | 2c | single | Urethra
- Length
o Male- 20 cms
o Female- 4 cms
- Shortest part of the male urethra- Membranous part
- The longest part of the male urethra- Penile urethra
- Location of sphincter urethrae- Membranous part
- Prostatic urethra
o Widest part
o Most dilatable part
o Concave ant... | Anatomy | null |
7b450773-b289-4650-893a-0ace962a0cb7 | Organophosphorous compounds act by which of the following? | Stimulating Acetyl choline esterase | Inhibiting Acetyl choline esterase | Blocking Acetyl choline receptors | None | 1b | multi | Ans. b (Inhibiting Acetyl choline esterase). (Ref. Parikh, Textbook of FMT, 5th/892)ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUND POISONING# It produces cholinergic syndrome (muscarinic and nicotinic effects).# Muscarinic effects include:- bradycardia, bronchorrhoea, lacrimation, sweating, hyperperistalsis, wheezing, salivation, incontin... | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology |
c579d02a-090c-4228-9073-e107c6c566e3 | The most retentive type of amalgam pin is: | Self threading pins | Cemented pins | Friction locked pins | All have same retentive capability | 0a | multi | The most frequently used pin type is the small self-threading pin. Friction-locked and cemented pins, although still available, are rarely used.
The diameter of the prepared pinhole is 0.0015 inch to 0.004 inch smaller than the diameter of the pin. The threads engage the dentin as it is inserted, retaining the pin. Th... | Dental | null |
54663ef9-9319-47cc-b6b9-f64a2a81cae7 | Power of chief judicial magistrate is imprisonment upto - | 7 Years | 5 years | 3 years | Death sentence | 0a | single | Chief Judicial Magistrate: Imprisonment up to 7 years and unlimited fine. REF: The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 29th edition page no: 4. | Forensic Medicine | Medico legal procedures |
0a662e78-6d14-4b54-aafe-83c752f881ae | Leaf like helminths are also called: | Flukes | Roundworms | Tapeworms | Cestodes | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Flat leaf like worms* Cylindrical helminthes - Nematodes (roundworms)* Flat, segmented helminthes - Cestodes (tapeworms)* Flat, leaf like helminthes - Trematodes (flukes) | Microbiology | Parasitology |
078ddeec-9d8b-4c06-ae36-e3612687574a | Characteristics of blood flow in capillaries | High velocity high stress | High velocity low stress | Low velocity and pulsatile | Low velocity and high shear stress | 3d | single | null | Physiology | null |
787db308-a2bd-408e-8e31-bc55007c9a83 | False sense of perception without any external object or stimulus is known as: | Illusions | Impulse | Hallucination | Phobia | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Hallucination Hallucination - A perception that occurs in the absence of a stimulusIllusions - A misinterpretation of stimuli arising from external objects.Phobia - An irrational fear of an object, situation or activityImpulse - A sudden often unreasoning determination to perform some act. | Psychiatry | Symptoms & Signs |
9608c1cb-2b37-4239-8184-f48edb07ed6f | Duschene muscular dystrophy true ? | Autosomal dominant | Onset at second decade of life | Universal increase in creatine kinase | Normal cardiac muscle fibre | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Universal increase in creatine kinase Duchenne and Becker's muscular dystrophy are X-like recessive. So expression of gene is essentially confirmed in males. Females are affected only if X-chromosome carrying the normal allele is lost or inactivated Becker is milder form with late onset and slow progr... | Pediatrics | null |
ab607822-0a01-4bc2-96c4-2bf119e2805c | 45-year-old man is placed on an antifungal agent for systemic infection. He is noted to have decreased serum leukocyte and platelet counts. Bone marrow suppression is a common adverse effect of which of the following drugs | Griseofulvin | Terbinafine | Fluconazole | Flucytosine | 3d | single | ANTIMETABOLITE Flucytosine (5-FC) Mech of action:- It is a pyrimidine antimetabolite which is inactive as such. After uptake into fungal cells, it is conveed into 5-fluorouracil and then to 5-fluorodeoxyuridylic acid which is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthesis. Thymidylic acid is a component of DNA. 5-FC is a narrow... | Pharmacology | Antibiotics |
b5192d8b-1bc3-44eb-8549-21476aab1ddd | Cofactor for dopamine hydroxylase ? | Fe | Mg | Mn | Cu | 3d | single | Dopamine 8-hydroxylase is a 'copper' containing monooxygenase that requires ascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.It catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine. | Biochemistry | null |
69a0e84a-5408-4fc0-8517-064f4c09ce57 | Eating disorder with normal weight is- | Anorexia nervosa | Bulimia nervosa | Binge eating disorder | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Bulimia nervosa Bulimia nervosao Bulimia nervosa is characterized by episodes of uncontrollable excessive eating (binges) followed by vigrous weight-reducing measures like self-induced vomiting, purgative abuse, diuretics, or abuse of emetics; and less commonly severe dieting and stemous exercise.o Epi... | Psychiatry | Sleep Disorders |
41de8e3a-84f4-4036-ab44-20dbddf14cc4 | Punctuate yellow exudates in colon, found on endoscopic examiantion are indicative of | Balantidium coli | Ulceratice colitis | Antibiotic colitis | Gluten induced enteropathy | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
aa50126a-8e32-4afd-a646-98ad01051a7f | A multipara with previous LSCS comes at 38 weeks pregnancy in shock. Differential diagnosis includes: | Placenta previa | Abruptio placenta | Rupture uterus | All of the above | 3d | multi | Shock in Obstetrics:
Causes of shock during pregnancy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3a427bac-3a14-4f9d-8e09-b41cea358a7a | A protein with molecular weight of 100 kD is subjected to SDS PAGE electrophoresis. The SDS PAGE electrophoresis pattern shows two widely separated bands of 20kD after addition of Mercaptoethanol. The true statement regarding this will be | The protein has undergone complete lysis | The protein is a monomer of 20kD and 30kD protein | The protein is a dimer of two 20kD proteins | The protein is a tetramer of 20kd and 30kD proteins | 2c | multi | D. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) It has a high molecular sieving effect and so separation is very efficient. In agar gel electrophoresis, serum components are separated into 5 fractions; while in PAGE serum will show more than 20 different bands. The amount of cross linking and thereby the pore size can be ... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
6432026a-c906-4666-bb81-aebb18c83f56 | Organelle where H202 is produced and destroyed is? | Peroxisome | Lysosome | Golgi body | Ribosome | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Peroxisome Peroxisome is a membrane bound organellel found in all eukaryotic cells. "Peroxisomes contain a group of enzymes that oxidize a variety of substrates and thereby form hydrogen peroxide. The H202 thus formed is efficiently decomposed within the organelle by catalase which is present in high ... | Pathology | null |
7ee42740-dd29-434c-bf53-e641e89c5804 | A middle-aged female present with lytic lesion in lower 1/3 of femur. Biopsy showed grooved nuclei and giant cells. No periosteal reaction seen. What is the confirmatory investigation for this case:- | Serum PTH | Serum Calcitonin | Cd1a and Langerin IHC | MRI | 2c | single | Ans. (C) Cd1a and Langerin IHC(Ref: Apley's system of Orthopedics and Fracture 9th Ed; Page no-198 and 204)The possible diagnosis in the given scenario is Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LHC).Femur can be involved in LCH.LANGERHANS cells have a single large nucleus with characteristic folded or grooved nucleus (Coffee-B... | Orthopaedics | Bone Tumour |
d06e36fc-3e6c-4be7-874a-1ff2ea32ab79 | Which is not a PUFA? | Linoleic acid | Palmitoleic acid | Linolenic acid | Arachidonic acid | 1b | single | POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA)The impoant polyunsaturated fatty acids are:Linoleic acid (18 C, 2 double bonds)Linolenic acid (18 C, 3 double bonds)Arachidonic acid (20 C, 4 double bonds)They are present in good quantities in vegetable oils such as sunflower oil (Fig. 7.2, Table 7.4). They are used to esterify chole... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
ba76018f-02df-41f2-bc05-1ca44203231e | The most common side effect of IUD insertion is - | Bleeding | Pain | Pelvic | Ectopic pregnancy | 0a | single | Most common side effect → Bleeding
Most common side effect requiring removal of the device → Pain | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
e60d10fa-e0ea-4c1f-9bfb-a6060fa59096 | Neurological complications of meningitis include all of the following, except - | Seizures. | Increased intra-cranial pressure | Cerebral hamartoma | Subdural effusions. | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
cf5ff80f-138e-433b-ac94-53a05531eaa8 | Most common site of metastasis in Ca colon is | Liver | Lung | Bone | Brain | 0a | single | One-third of patients will have liver metastases at the time of diagnosis and 50% will develop them at some point, accounting for the majority of deaths. The lung is the next most common site; metastasis to ovary, brain, kidney, and bone is less common.Ref: Bailey and love, page: 1262 | Surgery | G.I.T |
bee8c294-bbc2-4760-bdb7-f67130094fd6 | Which of the following plaque is most harmful and causes spread of Inflammation to the connective tissue leading to bone destruction: | Subgingival epithelial attached | Subgingival unattached | Subgingival plaque | Supragingival plaque | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
d289973a-d6f2-4d42-bcb4-9ddda41946eb | Neurofibromatosis true all, except aEUR' | Autosomal recessive | Associated with cataract | Scoliosis | Multiple fibroma | 0a | multi | Autosomal recessive Neurofibromatosis is an inherited disorder It is of two types: ? Neurofibromatosis - Neurofibromatois II Genetics of Neurofibromatosis Both the neurofibromas are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The genes for them are located on different chromosome - NF-1--) Neurofibrin gene on chromosom... | Pathology | null |
f4430c8a-2628-4906-b4ab-a89c2556984f | "3 by 5" initiative in AIDS control programme is - | Providing 3 million people treatment by end of 2005 | Providing treatment to 3 out of 5 patients | Reducing incidence of A I DS by 3% by 2005 | All of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Providing 3 million people treatment by end of 2005 3 by 5 target o On lst December 2003, WHO and UN A IDS announced a detailed plan to reach the "3 by 5 target" of providing antiretroviral treatment (A) to three million people living with IIIIDS in the developing countries by the end of 2005. o Ultim... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5e822f88-3b09-44e3-bc37-7655161cd67f | Yuzpe and Lance regimen for 'post -- coital' contraception : | 100 mg of ethinyl oestradiol and 0.5 mg of levonoregestel initially followed by the same dose after 12 hours | Same as above but followed by same dose after 24 hours | Use of 150 mg of DMPA every 3 months | 200 mg NET -- EN every 60 days | 0a | multi | 100 mg of ethinyl oestradiol and 0.5 mg of levonoregestel initially followed by the same dose after 12 hours | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
11b550e4-82b1-48e4-8b46-0a9aeb2196cb | True about Polymerase Chain Reaction are all except- | Thermostable enzyme | DNA denaturation, followed by annealing | Specific primers are required | Thermolabile enzymes | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thermolab lie enzymes* Polymerase Chain Reaction is invitro amplification of a desired fragment of DNA* Specific amplification of a desired fragment of DNA is possible only because this process uses specific primers which are complementary to flanking sequences of the desired fragment.* It involves th... | Biochemistry | Molecular Genetics |
3fb174fc-f5b4-4832-a88a-ef94ee954854 | Conn's syndrome is characterised by all except - | Polyuria | Polydipsia | Weakness | Anasarca | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
7bb9d344-e902-44fb-8a00-060279963711 | A 9 year old child disturbs other people, is destructive interferes when two people are talking, does not follow instructions and cannot wait for his turn while playing a game. He is likely to be suffering from – | Emotional disorders | Behavioural problems | No disorder | Attention deficit hyperactive disroder | 3d | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
df3235b7-e4d2-4a66-a1af-36b4a5d89ef8 | A child presented with intermittent episodes of left sided flank pain. Ultrasonography reveals large hydronephrosis with dilated renal pelvis and coical thinning with a normal ureter. Kidney differential function was observed to be 19% which of the following is the best management - | Nephrectomy | Pyeloplasty | External drainage | Endopylostomy | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pyeloplasty Pelvi-ureteral junction (PUJ)/ureteropelvic (UPJ) o UPJ obstruction is the most common obstructive lesion in childhood and is the most common cause of hydronephrosis found on prenatal and early postnatal ultrasonography. o It is most commonly caused by intrinsic stenosis of a segment of ur... | Pediatrics | null |
ec644422-da95-4caa-9f74-b3105940cde0 | Imaging investigation of choice to Diagnose Mullerian duct Abnormalities? | USG | HSG | MRI | CT | 2c | single | MRI is the investigation of choice for Mullerian Duct Anomalies Newer modality - 3D USG also has high sensitivity and specificity and accuracy comparable to MRI | Radiology | Women Imaging |
837a7560-b65d-4dc2-9b61-7e55a61a7c4f | Neuroendocrine lesions of the lung are - | Carcinoid tumor | Alveolar carcinoma | Hamartoma | Asthma | 0a | single | The normal lung contains neuroendocrine cells within the epithelium as single cells or as clusters, the neuroepithelial bodies.
Neuroendocrine lesions of the lung may be of following types -
A. Non-Neoplastic
(i) Reactive neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in response to inflammation or scarring.
(ii) Idiopathic pulmonar... | Pathology | null |
fe0a4916-c0d0-4aa1-8ffa-2fe702abcd89 | In designing a retainer on a noncarious mandibular first premolar abutment with short clinical crown which of the following restorations is most appropriate? | A full crown | A reverse 3/4 crown | MOD onlay | Inlay | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
b7a573b2-0bcf-42a3-8492-b81e17696156 | Impoant post operative managment of case of VVF is : | Continuous bladder drainage | Antibiotics | Complete bed rest | Early ambulation | 0a | single | Continuous bladder drainage | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
08bcb7af-92fd-426c-a0e2-b325c6c1e172 | Not true regarding optic chiasma: | Lies over tuberculum | Tumor over chiasma can lead to visual field defects | Decussation of visual pathway takes place over chiasma | Inferonasal fibres are related to posterior poion of chiasma | 3d | multi | Inferonasal fibres are related to anterior poion of chiasma. Optic Chiasma Lies over tuberculum. Tumor over chiasma can lead to visual field defects. Decussation of visual pathway takes place over chiasma for nasal fibres from retina. Inferonasal fibres are related to anterior poion of chiasma whereas superonasal fibre... | Ophthalmology | Neuro Ophthalmology |
afead983-e247-4852-a8cd-e7e0caf240df | The limitation of movement of well persons or animals exposed to communicable diseases for a period usually not longer than the longest incubation period is known as: | Quarantine | Segregation | Modified quarantine | Isolation | 0a | multi | Isolation: Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons in such places or under such conditions as prevent transmission of infectious agent to the susceptible. Quarantine: It is the limitation of movement of such well persons or animals exposed to communicable diseases for a period usually not longe... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
ac635fb7-4b75-440b-94dc-4c86118e46b5 | A 56 year old Chronic smoker, mass in bronchus resected. Most useful immunohistochemical marker to make a proper diagnosis would be - | Cytokeratin | Vimentin | Epithelial membrane cadherin | Leucocyte common antigen | 0a | single | Mass in bronchus in an old chronic smoker suggest bronchogenic carcinoma. The marker of carcinoma, on immunohistochemistry, is cytokeratin.
Other epithelial markers for carcinoma are :-
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA):- Breast, lung and Kidney's adenocarcinoma.
Carcino-embryonic antigen: - Carcinomas of GIT, pancre... | Pathology | null |
d0c72cce-f31c-4736-a6dd-a8db25b5b3b1 | Radiation caries is caused by irradiation of: | Salivary glands | Enamel | Enamel and dentin | Oral mucosa | 0a | single | null | Radiology | null |
88cdcfa0-b000-4726-a18c-217ad3e4329e | During foetal lite maximum growth is caused by : | Growth harmone | Insulin | Coisol | Thyroxin | 1b | single | Insulin | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d1d16d94-414d-48bf-b293-1251f2cb673d | Enzymes concerned with the citric acid cycle are found in: | Nucleus | Mitochondria | Ribosomes | Non-particulate cytoplasm | 1b | single | null | Biochemistry | null |
1dc68583-c250-473a-809d-e85023ca6867 | Most common malignancy in childhood is | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) | Bone tumor | Wilm's tumor | Retinoblastoma | 0a | multi | (A) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukomia (ALL) # LEUKEMIA is a cancer of the blood cells. It is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for almost one-third of all childhood cancers.# Types of leukemia include:> Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Commonly referred to as "childhood leukemia", because it is the most common... | Pediatrics | Miscellaneous |
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