pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
19,115,229 | Are first-trimester screening markers altered in pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the levels of first-trimester screening markers and to assess the false-positive rate for first-trimester combined screening for Down syndrome in a large national population of women pregnant after assisted reproductive technology (ART), in order to decide whether or not to correct r... | It seems advisable to use a population of IVF/ICSI pregnancies to establish median curves for the first-trimester serum screening parameters and perhaps also for nuchal translucency thickness. However, care must be taken, as different ART treatment methods and aspects of medical history seem to alter the screening para... | yes |
19,115,221 | Do thyroid hormone receptor ligands induce regression of rat preneoplastic liver lesions causing their reversion to a differentiated phenotype? | {
"contexts": [
"Triiodothyronine (T3), through interaction with its intracellular thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), influences various physiological functions, including metabolism, development, and growth. We investigated the effect of T3 and the selective TR-beta agonist GC-1 in two models of hepatocarcinogenes... | Our results indicate that activated TRs negatively influence the carcinogenic process through induction of a differentiation program of preneoplastic hepatocytes. The results also suggest that TRs could be a meaningful target in liver cancer therapy. | yes |
19,098,601 | Is the colposcopic feature ridge sign associated with the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and human papillomavirus 16 in young women? | {
"contexts": [
"Interobserver and intraobserver correlation between the colposcopic phenomenon ridge sign and its association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or 3, with a specific human papillomavirus (HPV) type, and with the age of the patient.",
"Colpophotographs, cervical smears, and histo... | Ridge sign is a highly specific marker for CIN 2 or 3 and associated with HPV 16 and young age. | yes |
19,104,426 | Does hOXB4 but not BMP4 confer self-renewal properties to ES-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Achieving transplantation tolerance remains an unresolved clinical challenge. Although bone marrow transplantation (BMT) induces mixed chimerism that establishes transplantation tolerance, the preconditioning regimens required for BMT to succeed are too prohibitive for routine use. Recently, embr... | Although BMP-4 promotes hematopoiesis of ES cells, its impact is only transient, whereas permanent ectopic expression of HOXB4 significantly confers self-renewal and long-term engraftment of ES-derived hematopoietic cells. This strategy could facilitate the establishment of an alternative source of hematopoietic cells ... | yes |
19,104,429 | Does repetitive gastric aspiration lead to augmented indirect allorecognition after lung transplantation in miniature swine? | {
"contexts": [
"Lung transplant recipients with documented gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are at increased risk for graft dysfunction. Here, we present the first large-animal model of gastric aspiration after allogeneic lung transplantation and some preliminary data demonstrating the effect of chronic as... | In a model of GERD after lung transplantation, a spectrum of clinical outcomes was observed. The in vitro data suggest that acid reflux enhances the indirect alloresponse to processed donor class I antigen, giving mechanistic insight into the manner in which GERD may be deleterious to the transplanted lung. | yes |
19,098,985 | Are the growth and tumor suppressors NORE1A and RASSF1A targets for calpain-mediated proteolysis? | {
"contexts": [
"NORE1A and RASSF1A are growth and tumour suppressors inactivated in a variety of cancers. Methylation of NORE1A and RASSF1A promoters is the predominant mechanism for downregulation of these proteins; however, other mechanisms are likely to exist.",
"Here we describe a proteolysis of NORE1A a... | Thus, degradation by calpains is a novel mechanism for downregulation of NORE1A and RASSF1A proteins and might be the mechanism allowing cancer cells to escape growth suppression. | yes |
19,109,869 | Does magnolol attenuate sepsis-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility in rats by modulating inflammatory mediators? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the protective effects of magnolol on sepsis-induced inflammation and intestinal dysmotility.",
"Sepsis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: magnolol prior to LPS... | Magnolol prevents sepsis-induced suppression of intestinal motility in rats. The potential mechanism of this benefit of magnolol appears to be modulation of self-amplified inflammatory events and block of oxidative stress in the intestine. | yes |
19,109,865 | Does scutellaria barbate extract induce apoptosis of hepatoma H22 cells via the mitochondrial pathway involving caspase-3? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Scutellaria barbata D.Don (S. barbata) and to determine the underlying mechanism of its antitumor activity in mouse liver cancer cell line H22.",
"Proliferation of H22 cells was examined by MTT assay. Cellular morphology of PC-2 cells wa... | ESB can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of H22 cells involving loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and activation of caspase-3. | yes |
19,114,614 | Is statin therapy associated with lower total but not bioavailable or free testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a high prevalence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes. This will lead to an increase in assessments of hypogonadism. Statins could potentially decrease testosterone levels by reducing the availability of cholesterol for androgen synthesis. We compared testosterone levels and hypo... | Assessing androgen status using total testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes treated with statins, particularly atorvastatin, may potentially lead to diagnostic error. Levels of bioavailable testosterone or free testosterone are recommended for the assessment of hypogonadism in this group if total testosterone levels... | yes |
19,099,567 | Are monocytes essential for inhibition of synovial T-cell glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial inflammation with local accumulation of mononuclear cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. We previously demonstrated that intra-articular glucocorticoids decrease the synovial tissue (ST) T-cell population and therefore aimed to investig... | We demonstrate that monocytes rescue synovial T cells from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, a feature that is specific for RA. To overcome this, we propose the use of monocyte-targeted therapies rather than T-cell apoptosis-inducing therapies. | yes |
19,114,693 | Is phosphoinositide-phospholipase C beta1 mono-allelic deletion associated with myelodysplastic syndromes evolution into acute myeloid leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the association between the presence of phosphoinositide-phospholipase C beta1 (PI-PLCbeta1) mono-allelic deletion with the clinical outcome of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients.",
"PI-PLCbeta1, PI-PLCbeta4, and PI-PLCgamma1 cytogenetic investigations were performed on 80 n... | PI-PLCbeta1 mono-allelic deletion is associated with a worse clinical outcome in MDS patients, hinting at the identification of a new group at higher risk of AML evolution and representing a reliable prognostic tool. Moreover, targeting PI-PLCbeta1 pathways might emerge as a new therapeutic strategy for MDS. | yes |
19,103,500 | Does tranexamic acid reduce blood loss in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to evaluate the hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.",
"A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.",
"The Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiac Surgery, Medical Sciences University.",
"One h... | Bleeding and hemorrhagic complications and the consequent need for allogeneic transfusion are still major problems after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Tranexamic acid appears to be effective in reducing postoperative bleeding and the need for allogeneic blood products. | yes |
19,095,374 | Is stereotactic body radiotherapy effective salvage therapy for patients with prior radiation of spinal metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"To provide actuarial outcomes and dosimetric data for spinal/paraspinal metastases, with and without prior radiation, treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).",
"A total of 39 consecutive patients (60 metastases) were treated with SBRT between April 2003 and August 2006 and retrosp... | Spine SBRT has shown preliminary efficacy and safety in patients with image-based progression of previously irradiated metastases. | yes |
19,101,859 | Does zoledronic acid induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in renal cancer cell lines? | {
"contexts": [
"To study and characterize the potential antitumoral effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) on renal cancer cell lines in vitro.",
"Three different and well-characterized renal cancer cell lines were studied, namely ACHN, A-498 and CAKI-2. The cytotoxic potential of ZA was evaluated using a fluoromet... | ZA exerts cytotoxic effects on renal cancer cell lines in vitro. These include caspase-dependent induction of apoptosis, which can be quantified and visualized using M30 ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively. The clinical relevance of this finding needs to be further investigated, but these results indicate that Z... | yes |
19,089,515 | Is adenocarcinoma of the appendix rarely detected by colonoscopy? | {
"contexts": [
"Appendiceal tumors represent a subset of colonic neoplasms that frequently defy early diagnosis only to present at advanced stage with peritoneal metastasis. Data on early detection by colonoscopy is limited to case reports or series. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic yield of ... | Appendiceal abnormalities are infrequently seen on colonoscopy and rarely yield a diagnostic biopsy in patients with appendiceal carcinoma. We found that nearly 42% of patients with carcinoma of the appendix have synchronous colonic polyps, a much higher prevalence than would be expected, supporting a role for a periop... | yes |
19,089,519 | Is gastric emptying affected by sleeve gastrectomy -- scintigraphic evaluation of gastric emptying after sleeve gastrectomy without removal of the gastric antrum? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study is to clarify whether laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) to treat morbid obesity causes changes in gastric emptying.",
"Gastric emptying scintigraphy was performed before and 3 months after LSG, in 21 consecutive morbidly obese patients. After an overnight fast, subje... | LSG with antrum preservation as performed in this series has no effect on gastric emptying. | no |
19,097,110 | Do higher-order contrast functions improve performance of independent component analysis of fMRI data? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the performance of different contrast functions used in Independent Component Analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), present in fMRI paradigms such as resting-state acquisitions.",
"Metrics were defined to estimate b... | The use of higher-order contrast functions, such as kurtosis, may provide superior performance in ICA analysis of fMRI data with low SNR. | yes |
19,097,112 | Are advances of 3T MR imaging in visualizing trabecular bone structure of the calcaneus partially SNR-independent : analysis using simulated noise in relation to micro-CT , 1.5T MRI , and biomechanical strength? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of trabecular bone at 1.5T and 3.0T and to specifically study noise effects on the visualization and quantification of trabecular architecture using conventional histomorphometric and nonlinear measures of bone structure.",
"Sagit... | The advances of 3.0T compared to 1.5T in visualizing trabecular bone structure are partially SNR-independent. The better performance at 3.0T may be explained by pronounced susceptibility, enhancing the visualization of thin trabecular structures. | yes |
19,093,918 | Is cumulative anticholinergic exposure associated with poor memory and executive function in older men? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the longitudinal relationship between cumulative exposure to anticholinergic medications and memory and executive function in older men.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"A Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinic.",
"Five hundred forty-four community-dwelling men a... | Cumulative anticholinergic exposure across multiple medications over 1 year may negatively affect verbal memory and executive function in older men. Prescription of drugs with anticholinergic effects in older persons deserves continued attention to avoid deleterious adverse effects. | yes |
19,098,855 | Do known risk factors explain disparities in gallstone prevalence between Denmark and northeast Germany? | {
"contexts": [
"Gallstones are a common disease worldwide, with disparities in the prevalence of the disease in different settings. The aim of the present study was to assess if different distributions of risk factors could explain the disparities in the prevalence of gallstone disease between Denmark and northe... | German individuals had a higher prevalence of gallstones than Danes. This difference was partly explained by a higher BMI, unfavorable lipid levels, higher prevalence of diabetes, and a more frequent use of OR and MHT in German subjects. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of unmeasured predictors, includ... | no |
19,098,859 | Does inflammatory bowel disease in CGD reproduce the clinicopathological features of Crohn 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a rare congenital disorder characterized by defective neutrophil function, frequently develop an inflammatory bowel disease similar to Crohn's disease. The clinical presentations and concordance between the features of the bowel disease in these ... | There are striking clinical and pathological resemblances between the bowel diseases observed in CGD and Crohn's disease, supporting the possibility of mechanistic similarities in their pathogenesis. Patients with CGD appear particularly prone to developing perianal disease. | yes |
19,086,323 | Do providers verify patient identity during computer order entry? | {
"contexts": [
"Improving patient identification (ID), by using two identifiers, is a Joint Commission safety goal. Appropriate identifiers include name, date of birth (DOB), or medical record number (MRN).",
"The objectives were to determine the frequency of verifying patient ID during computerized provider... | Medical providers often miss ID errors and infrequently verify patient ID with two identifiers during CPOE. | no |
19,094,218 | Does habitat analysis of North American sand fly near veterans returning from leishmania-endemic war zones? | {
"contexts": [
"Nearly 1300 cases of leishmaniasis have been identified in American military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. The symptoms of this disease can range from a mild, self-limiting cutaneous infection to a deadly visceral infection and are not prevented by chemoprophylaxis or immunization. ... | A readily available land cover product can be used at the regional level to identify areas of sand fly habitat where human populations may be at higher risk of exposure. The sand fly density prediction maps can be used to direct further surveillance, insect control, or additional patient monitoring of potentially infec... | yes |
19,106,691 | Does transplantation of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells ( NeoHeps ) improve survival in a model of acute liver failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Investigation of the efficacy of implantation of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells (NeoHeps) in acute liver failure.",
"Extended liver resection or split liver transplantation is still associated with high morbidity and mortality because of postoperative liver insufficiency. In view of l... | Hepatocyte transplantation is a practicable and successful treatment option in case of liver insufficiency because implantation of NeoHeps or primary rat hepatocytes had an improving effect on survival. The promising data of the present study warrants further analysis to elucidate the role of NeoHeps in treatment of ac... | yes |
19,108,833 | Does resveratrol inhibit the mTOR mitogenic signaling evoked by oxidized LDL in smooth muscle cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is a major feature in atherosclerosis, since it contributes to the formation of the fibrous cap, thus to plaque stability, but also to arterial stenosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Among the various mitogenic signaling pathways involved in SMC prolifera... | These data indicate that the mTOR pathway is activated by oxLDL via PI3K/PDK1/Akt, and is required for SMC proliferation. Resveratrol blocks specifically this pathway, thereby inhibiting oxLDL-induced SMC proliferation. These data highlight a new property for resveratrol that could contribute to the general anti-athero... | yes |
19,101,302 | Does thoracoscopy versus thoracotomy improve midterm musculoskeletal status and cosmesis in infants and children? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been postulated that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) achieves a better biometric and aesthetic outcome than conventional thoracic surgery (CTS), but data are lacking. We aimed to compare the midterm effects of both approaches in children.",
"Sixty-two infants and children, ... | The thoracoscopic versus conventional approach to the thoracic cavity in children is associated with significantly less midterm musculoskeletal sequelae and a better cosmetic outcome. | yes |
19,095,095 | Is the recent decline in mammography rates limited to low- to average-risk women? | {
"contexts": [
"There has recently been a decline in mammography rates noted in the general population. We sought to determine whether similar trends hold in high-risk populations.",
"Mammography rates from the National Health Interview Survey for 2000 and 2005 were analyzed for differences among risk-strati... | The decline in breast cancer-screening rates noted over the past 5 years has been predominantly in lower-risk women. | yes |
19,100,933 | Does pretreatment of rocuronium reduce the frequency and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of pretreatment with a low dose of rocuronium on the occurrence of etomidate-induced myoclonus.",
"Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.",
"Medical center in South Korea.",
"110 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients scheduled for elective cardi... | Pretreatment with a small dose of rocuronium before induction of anesthesia with etomidate significantly reduced the frequency of myoclonus. | yes |
19,096,823 | Is hyperglycaemia associated with changes in the regional concentrations of glucose and myo-inositol within the brain? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to assess the effect of hyperglycaemia on regional concentrations of glucose and other substrates within the brain in non-diabetic individuals and in patients with type 1 diabetes.",
"The brain metabolites of 17 men with type 1 diabetes and 12 age-matched non-diabetic... | In type 1 diabetes, hyperglycaemia is associated with accumulation of glucose and mI in the cortex and in the white matter. | yes |
19,092,352 | Is the ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes a powerful independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes (LNR) in patients with rectal cancer.",
"Lymph nodes ratio (LNR) has been shown to have prognostic value in patients with colon cancer. The impact of LNR on disease-free and overall su... | LNR is the most significant prognostic factor for both overall and disease-free survival in patients with rectal cancer, even in patients with fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined. | yes |
19,101,685 | Do plasma plant sterol levels reflect cholesterol absorption in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the ratio of plant sterols to cholesterol in plasma and dietary cholesterol absorption in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a cholesterol synthesis disorder.",
"We obtained measurements of cholesterol absorption with a ... | Although the ratios of plant sterols to cholesterol in plasma has been used as a surrogate for cholesterol absorption in adults and children, these ratios may not accurately reflect cholesterol absorption in children with SLOS. These ratios should not be used as a surrogate for cholesterol absorption in children withou... | no |
19,105,843 | Is iNSIG2 gene polymorphism associated with increased subcutaneous fat in women and poor response to resistance training in men? | {
"contexts": [
"A common SNP upstream of the INSIG2 gene, rs7566605 (g.-10,1025G>C, Chr2:118,552,255, NT_022135.15), was reported to be associated with obesity (Body Mass Index, [BMI]) in a genome-wide association scan using the Framingham Heart Study but has not been reproduced in other cohorts. As BMI is a rel... | Our results show that the INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism underlies variation in subcutaneous adiposity in young adult women and suppresses the positive effects of resistance training on men. This supports and extends the original finding that there is an association between measures of obesity and INSIG2 rs7566605 and f... | yes |
19,105,848 | Do human and mouse switch-like genes share common transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for bimodality? | {
"contexts": [
"Gene expression is controlled over a wide range at the transcript level through complex interplay between DNA and regulatory proteins, resulting in profiles of gene expression that can be represented as normal, graded, and bimodal (switch-like) distributions. We have previously performed genome-s... | The fact that bimodal genes were enriched within the cell membrane and extracellular environment make these genes as candidates for biomarkers for tissue specificity. The commonality of the important roles bimodal genes play in tissue differentiation in both the human and mouse indicates the potential value of mouse da... | yes |
19,095,788 | Does proton MR spectroscopy improve discrimination between tumor and pseudotumoral lesion in solid brain masses? | {
"contexts": [
"Differentiating between tumors and pseudotumoral lesions by conventional MR imaging may be a challenging question. This study aims to evaluate the potential usefulness and the added value that single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy could provide on this discrimination.",
"A total of 84 solid bra... | The proposed ratios of mIns/NAA at short TE and CHO/NAA at long TE provide valuable information to discriminate between brain tumor and pseudotumor by improving neuroradiologists' accuracy and confidence. | yes |
19,111,919 | Is the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in peritoneal macrophages inhibited by Andrographis paniculata , Angelica sinensis and Morus alba ethyl acetate fractions? | {
"contexts": [
"Traditional Chinese medicine herbs (TCMHs) are used in medicines as well as in daily dietary supplements in Asia. In this study, we employed pNF-kappaB-Luc or pIFN-gamma-Luc and BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages or splenocytes to investigate both the immune and inflammatory effects of six select... | Collectively, we have found that three potent bioactive TCMH species exerted significant NF-kappaB inhibitory activity and acted in a cell type dependent fashion. | yes |
19,100,393 | Does high serum level of the soluble CD30 identify Chinese kidney transplant recipients at high risk of unfavorable outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to investigate the relationship between serum level of sCD30 and recipient/graft survival rates, rejection types, as well as other prognostic factors among Chinese kidney transplant patients.",
"We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of serum sCD30 levels in duplicate among... | Pretransplant sCD30 serum levels reflect immune status. | yes |
19,100,395 | Is lymphocytic HLA-A mRNA a reliable indicator of acute rejection in renal transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Rejection in renal transplantation is the most frequent event causing transplant failure. It is important to identify parameters to predict rejection, which are helpful in a timely fashion.",
"Fifty-nine renal transplant recipients were divided into two groups: group 1 (stable renal function)... | HLA-A mRNA expression was strongly correlated with immune status. The HLA-A mRNA levels may provide an effective and reliable indicator to predict acute rejection episodes in renal transplantation. | yes |
19,088,933 | Does use of activated protein C have no avail in the early phase of acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Sepsis and acute pancreatitis have similar pathogenetic mechanisms that have been implicated in the progression of multiple organ failure. Drotrecogin alfa, an analogue of endogenous protein C, reduces mortality in clinical sepsis. Our objective was to evaluate the early therapeutic effects of ac... | In the early phase of acute pancreatitis, drotrecogin alfa treatment did not result in a significant improvement in oxidative and inflammatory parameters or renal functions. | yes |
19,114,909 | Does furosemide improve renal recovery after hemofiltration for acute renal failure in critically ill patients : a double blind randomized controlled trial? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the potential beneficial role of furosemide in resolving renal failure after hemofiltration in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.",
"Single-center randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.",
"A 13-bed mixed intensive care unit (ICU) in a teaching hospital.... | Furosemide by continuous infusion in the recovery phase of hemofiltration-dependent acute kidney failure did increase urinary volume and sodium excretion but did not lead to a shorter duration of renal failure or more frequent renal recovery. | no |
19,087,320 | Does global transcriptional profiling reveal Streptococcus agalactiae genes controlled by the MtaR transcription factor? | {
"contexts": [
"Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus; GBS) is a significant bacterial pathogen of neonates and an emerging pathogen of adults. Though transcriptional regulators are abundantly encoded on the GBS genome, their role in GBS pathogenesis is poorly understood. The mtaR gene encodes a putati... | To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the global influence of MtaR on GBS gene expression. This study implicates the metQ1NP genes as encoding the MtaR-regulated methionine transporter, which may provide a mechanistic explanation for the methionine-dependent growth defect of the mtaR mutant. In addition... | yes |
19,097,595 | Is estradiol-to-testosterone ratio associated with response to metformin treatment in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS )? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate intrinsic alterations in ovarian steroidogenesis in women with clomiphene citrate (CC)-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who ovulated after metformin treatment.",
"Fifty-six women of reproductive age (18-40 years) diagnosed with CC-resistant PCOS received metformin for... | The results suggest that in women with CC-resistant PCOS, elevated E2/T is associated with a better response to metformin. | yes |
19,103,273 | Do astragalus membranaceus flavonoids ( AMF ) ameliorate chronic fatigue syndrome induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming? | {
"contexts": [
"Alteration of immune function may be associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and this study reveals the immunoregulatory effect of Astragalus membranaceus flavonoids (AMF).",
"CF rats were induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming for 6 weeks.",
"An atrophied spleen a... | Alterations of immune function may be associated with CFS and the tonic effects of AMF against CF may be attributable to balance the abnormal cytokine level by isoflavones. | yes |
19,103,607 | Does egr-1 negatively regulate calsequestrin expression and calcium dynamics in ventricular cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is increased in models of cardiac pathology; however, it is unclear how Egr-1 impacts the heart. We sought to identify how Egr-1 regulates expression of proteins involved in cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis.",
"Protein expression was m... | Our data suggest that Egr-1:DNA binding at the promoter, DNA methylation, and protein acetylation are important in CSQ repression. Moreover, we demonstrate that a reduction in CSQ protein is associated with abnormal calcium dynamics. We conclude that Egr-1 acts as a transcriptional repressor at the CSQ promoter, result... | yes |
19,104,438 | Does image subtraction facilitate assessment of volume and density change in ground-glass opacities in chest CT? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the impact of image subtraction of registered images on the detection of change in pulmonary ground-glass nodules identified on chest CT.",
"A cohort of 33 individuals (25 men, 8 women; age range 51-75 years) with 37 focal ground-glass opacities (GGO) were recruited from a lung cance... | Image subtraction improves the evaluation of subtle changes in pulmonary ground-glass opacities and decreases interobserver variability. | yes |
19,095,403 | Does c-reactive protein testing decrease antibiotic use for acute cough illness when compared to a clinical algorithm? | {
"contexts": [
"Antibiotics are commonly overused in adults seeking emergency department (ED) care for acute cough illness.",
"To evaluate the effect of a point-of-care C-reactive protein (CRP) blood test on antibiotic treatment of acute cough illness in adults.",
"A randomized controlled trial was condu... | Point-of-care CRP testing does not seem to provide any additional value beyond a point-of-care clinical decision support for reducing antibiotic use in adults with acute cough illness. | no |
19,085,932 | Does mutation in BAG3 cause severe dominant childhood muscular dystrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are morphologically distinct but genetically heterogeneous muscular dystrophies in which disintegration of Z disks and then of myofibrils is followed by ectopic accumulation of multiple proteins. Cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, and dominant inheritance are frequent asso... | We conclude mutation in Bag3 defines a novel severe autosomal dominant childhood muscular dystrophy. | yes |
19,085,938 | Does a modified technique of stent fenestration of the interatrial septum improve patients with pulmonary hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"A significant number of patients with pulmonary hypertension are resistant to medical therapy. We wanted to evaluate whether the modified technique of stent fenestration of the interatrial septum would be feasible and safe, and offer clinical benefit.",
"The medical records of all patients wi... | The modified stent fenestration technique is feasible and safe in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. In a selected group of patients, functional capacity might improve although disease progression continues. | yes |
19,114,863 | Is a frequent functional toll-like receptor 7 polymorphism associated with accelerated HIV-1 disease progression? | {
"contexts": [
"Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate immune response to pathogens. TLR7 recognizes RNA of various viruses including HIV. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of individual genetic variations of TLR7 on the susceptibility to and progression of HIV dis... | This is the first report of a functional TLR7 variant to be associated with susceptibility to and a more severe clinical course of HIV-1 disease. These results may have implications for the risk assessment of individual patients as well as for HIV-1 therapy and vaccination strategies in the future. | yes |
19,104,435 | Does a virtual crossmatch protocol significantly increase access of highly sensitized patients to deceased donor kidney transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with preexisting antihuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (sensitized patients) are more likely to have a positive crossmatch with possible donors and have a lower likelihood of receiving a renal transplant with longer wait times. A virtual crossmatch protocol using solid-phase techn... | Initiation of a virtual crossmatch protocol using solid-phase histocompatibility techniques significantly increased access of sensitized patients to kidney transplantation and was more cost effective. Usage of a virtual crossmatch may facilitate greater sharing of kidneys to improve access to transplantation for sensit... | yes |
19,104,433 | Does c4d-positive interacinar capillaries correlate with donor-specific antibody-mediated rejection in pancreas allografts? | {
"contexts": [
"The deposition of the complement split fragment C4d and its association with acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in pancreas transplant (PTx) is not well defined. To characterize the deposition of C4d in PTx, we analyzed 27 PTx biopsies from 18 patients transplanted between 2004 and 2007 at t... | Our findings support the potential role of C4d labeling of PTx biopsies in the diagnosis of AMR and emphasize the staining of IAC as a valuable histologic tool for the diagnosis. | yes |
22,898,310 | Do dystrophic neurites express C9orf72 in Alzheimer 's disease brains? | {
"contexts": [
"Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) is an evolutionarily conserved protein with unknown function, expressed at high levels in the brain. An expanded hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat located in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene represents the most common genetic cause of familial frontotem... | These results suggest a general role of C9orf72 in the process of neurodegeneration in a range of human neurodegenerative diseases. | yes |
22,896,585 | Does sTIM1 restore coronary endothelial function in type 1 diabetic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major intracellular Ca(2+) store in endothelial cells (ECs). The Ca(2+) concentration in the ER greatly contributes to the generation of Ca(2+) signals that regulate endothelial functions. Many proteins, including stromal interaction molecule 1/2 (STIM1/2), Ora... | Impaired ER Ca(2+) refilling in diabetic MCECs, due to the decrease in STIM1 protein expression, attenuates endothelium-dependent relaxation in diabetic coronary arteries, while STIM1 overexpression has a beneficial and therapeutic effect on coronary endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. | yes |
22,881,710 | Does endosomal proteolysis regulate calcitonin gene-related peptide responses in mesenteric arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator, implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. CGRP activates a receptor complex comprising, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1). In vitro studies indicate recycling of CLR●RAMP1 is ... | ECE-1 regulated the resensitization of responses to CGRP in RMA-SMCs and mesenteric arteries. CGRP-induced relaxation did not involve endothelium-derived pathways. This is the first report of ECE-1 regulating CGRP responses in SMCs and arteries. ECE-1 inhibitors may attenuate an important vasodilatory pathway, implicat... | yes |
22,885,711 | Is genetic variation in GSTM1 associated with susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in a Chinese population? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether glutathione S-transferases (GST) genetic polymorphisms (GSTT1 rs1049055, GSTM1 rs10712361, and GSTP1 rs1695) are associated with susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).",
"These polymorphisms were analyzed in 444 NIHL and 445 normal hearing workers. In addi... | Our results suggest that GSTM1 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to NIHL. | yes |
22,901,757 | Does atorvastatin inhibit osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the expression of RANKL in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Statins, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, have been reported to have antiinflammatory and/or immunomodulatory effects and prophylactic and therapeutic effects in collagen-induced arthritis, an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The authors undertook to determin... | These results suggest that atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in RA patients. | yes |
22,899,762 | Is muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 dominant in myopia progression? | {
"contexts": [
"Numerous studies have proven that the nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist atropine prevents the axial elongation that leads to myopia. Five distinct receptor genes (CHRM1-CHRM5), each encoding a muscarinic receptor protein (M[1]-M[5]), have been cloned. Copy number v... | CHRM3 and M(3) were suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of myopia and in the arrested progression of myopia by atropine. | yes |
22,890,475 | Does sensory modality of smoking cues modulate neural cue reactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"Behavioral experiments have demonstrated that the sensory modality of presentation modulates drug cue reactivity.",
"The present study on nicotine addiction tested whether neural responses to smoking cues are modulated by the sensory modality of stimulus presentation.",
"We measured brain... | These observations are in line with the hypothesized role of the dorsal striatum for the expression of drug habits and the well-established concept of drug-related automatized schemata, since haptic perception is more closely linked to the corresponding object-specific action pattern than visual perception. Moreover, o... | yes |
22,905,653 | Is history of the diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease linked to normal variation in personality traits? | {
"contexts": [
"Stable individual differences in personality traits have well-documented associations with various aspects of health. One of the health outcomes that directly depends on people's behavioral choices, and may therefore be linked to personality traits, is having a sexually transmitted disease (STD).... | Individual differences in several personality traits are associated with a history of STD diagnosis. Assuming that certain personality traits may predispose people to behaviors that entail a higher risk for STD, these findings can be used for the early identification of people at greater STD risk and for developing per... | yes |
22,887,824 | Do cervical cord FMRI abnormalities differ between the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Aim of this study was to compare tactile-associated cervical cord fMRI activity between primary progressive (PP) and secondary progressive (SP) MS patients and to investigate whether cord recruitment was associated with structural brain and cord damage.",
"Cervical cord fMRI during a tactile ... | Patients with progressive MS had an over-recruitment of the cervical cord, which was more pronounced in SPMS than PPMS, despite similar cord structural damage. The alteration of the complex modulation of spinal cord interneurons possibly due to a loss of supratentorial inhibition secondary to brain injury might contrib... | yes |
22,901,676 | Do propofol and magnesium attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation via inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore? | {
"contexts": [
"The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to open the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and induce caspase activation and apoptosis, which may lead to learning and memory impairment. Cyclosporine A, a blocker of mPTP opening might attenuate the isoflurane-induced mPTP op... | These data illustrate that Mg2+ and propofol may ameliorate the isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting its mitochondrial dysfunction. Pending further studies, these findings may suggest the use of Mg2+ and propofol in preventing and treating anesthesia neurotoxicity. | yes |
22,906,099 | Does active robotic training improve locomotor function in a stroke survivor? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical outcomes after robotic training are often not superior to conventional therapy. One key factor responsible for this is the use of control strategies that provide substantial guidance. This strategy not only leads to a reduction in volitional physical effort, but also interferes with moto... | The results indicate that active robotic training appears to be a promising way of facilitating gait and physical function in moderately impaired stroke survivors. | yes |
22,900,007 | Does stress-induced enhancement of mouse amygdalar synaptic plasticity depend on glucocorticoid and ß-adrenergic activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucocorticoid hormones, in interaction with noradrenaline, enable the consolidation of emotionally arousing and stressful experiences in rodents and humans. Such interaction is thought to occur at least partly in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) which is crucially involved in emotio... | Acute stress changes BLA electrical properties such that subsequent LTP induction is facilitated. Both β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors are involved in the development of these changes. Mineralocorticoid receptors are important for the maintenance of LTP in the BLA, irrespective of stress-induced changes in th... | yes |
22,900,004 | Do cD57 ( high ) neuroblastoma cells have aggressive attributes ex situ and an undifferentiated phenotype in patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Neuroblastoma is thought to originate from neural crest-derived cells. CD57 defines migratory neural crest cells in normal development and is expressed in neuroblastoma.",
"We investigated the role of CD57 expression in neuroblastoma cells ex situ and in situ. Compared to CD57(low) U-NB1 neur... | Strong expression of CD57 correlates with aggressive attributes of U-NB1 and SK-N-BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells and is linked with undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells in patients. | yes |
22,902,434 | Is lipid peroxidation the primary mechanism of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction in jaundiced Gunn rat pups? | {
"contexts": [
"Hazardous levels of bilirubin produce oxidative stress in vitro and may play a role in the genesis of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND). We hypothesized that the antioxidants taurourosdeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), 12S-hydroxy-1,12-pyrazolinominocycline (PMIN), and minocycline (MNC) inhi... | These findings show that lipid peroxidation inhibition alone is not sufficient to prevent BIND. We speculate that the neuroprotective efficacy of MNC against BIND involves action(s) independent of, or in addition to, its antioxidant effects. | no |
22,885,134 | Does geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris decrease the mechanical inflammatory hypernociception by inhibiting the production of IL-1β and TNF-α? | {
"contexts": [
"The pharmacological activity of geopropolis collected by stingless bees (important and threatened pollinators), a product widely used in folk medicine by several communities in Brazil, especially in the Northeast Region, needs to be studied.",
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the antino... | Our data indicate that geopropolis is a natural source of bioactive substances with promising antinociceptive activity. | yes |
22,889,139 | Is primary phagocytosis of viable neurons by microglia activated with LPS or Aβ dependent on calreticulin/LRP phagocytic signalling? | {
"contexts": [
"Microglia are resident brain macrophages that can phagocytose dead, dying or viable neurons, which may be beneficial or detrimental in inflammatory, ischaemic and neurodegenerative brain pathologies. Cell death caused by phagocytosis of an otherwise viable cell is called 'primary phagocytosis' or... | CRT exposure on the surface of viable or apoptotic neurons appears to be required for their phagocytosis via LRP receptors on activated microglia, but free CRT can block microglial phagocytosis of neurons by acting on microglia. Phagocytosis of CRT-exposing neurons by microglia can be a direct cause of neuronal death d... | yes |
22,890,474 | Does candesartan prevent impairment of recall caused by repeated stress in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Deleterious effects of psychological stress on memory are increasingly important. Overexpression of the AT(1) angiotensin receptors in brain has been found to participate in several negative effects of chronic stress including hypertension and a cognitive impairment.",
"In this study, we sear... | These data strongly suggest that the AT(1) angiotensin receptor blockade effectively counteracts deleterious effects of stress on recall of aversively and appetitively motivated memories in rats. | yes |
22,886,848 | Is the Ca ( v ) 3.1 T-type calcium channel required for neointimal formation in response to vascular injury in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Restenosis is an undesirable consequence following percutaneous vascular interventions. However, the current strategy for preventing restenosis is inadequate. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of low-voltage gated T-type calcium channels in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (... | Ca(v)3.1 is required for VSMC proliferation during neointimal formation, and blocking of Ca(v)3.1 may be beneficial for preventing restenosis. | yes |
22,886,847 | Does activation of PPARδ prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by overexpression of amyloid-β precursor protein? | {
"contexts": [
"Existing evidence suggests that amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) causes endothelial dysfunction and contributes to pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In the present study, experiments were designed to: (1) determine the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and (2) define the effects of pe... | Our results suggest that in APP transgenic mice loss of nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress are the major causes of endothelial dysfunction. The vascular protective effects of GW501516 in Tg2576 mice appear to be critically dependent on prevention of superoxide anion production. | yes |
22,899,766 | Does cystatin C identify patients with stable chronic heart failure at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events? | {
"contexts": [
"Renal function is a strong predictor of adverse events in heart failure. Current renal function measures are imperfect, and cystatin C (CysC) is promoted as a better marker of glomerular filtration rate. This study compares the prognostic use of CysC and derived glomerular filtration rate estimat... | CysC is an independent predictor of adverse events in chronic heart failure. It adds prognostic value to creatinine, particularly in patients with preserved renal function. | yes |
22,907,416 | Does sustained delivery of IL-1Ra from pluronic F127-based thermosensitive gel prolong its therapeutic potentials? | {
"contexts": [
"Pluronic F-127 (PF127) has previously shown to prolong the sustained release of various proteinous drugs and their serum half-lives. Subsequently, we have extended this approach to look at in vitro release, in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra).",
... | When compared directly, IL-1Ra loaded PF127 gel exhibited prolonged in vitro and in vivo release, greater efficacy to induce hypoglycemia and inhibited IL-1β-stimulated production of IL-6 as compared to IL-1Ra aq. solution. We believe that this methodology for sustained delivery of IL-1Ra probably be suitable for the c... | yes |
22,904,144 | Does cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predict ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for primary prevention? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the prognostic value of cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) scintigraphy to predict ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart failure (HF) listed for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) devices as primary prevention.",
"A prospective cohort study i... | In HF patients without prior ventricular arrhythmia, (123)I-MIBG imaging strongly predicts future arrhythmic risk. This may inform the process of case selection for ICD therapy on an individual basis, although no single measurement provides sufficient reassurance to obviate device implantation if otherwise clinically i... | yes |
22,900,134 | Does sixty-four MDCT achieve higher contrast in pancreas with optimization of scan time delay? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare different multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) protocols to optimize pancreatic contrast enhancement.",
"Forty consecutive patients underwent contrast-enhanced biphasic MDCT (arterial and portal-venous phase) using a 64-slice MDCT. In 20 patients, the scan protocol was adapted ... | Sixty-four MDCT may yield a higher contrast in pancreatic study with (appropriate) optimization of scan delay time. | yes |
22,892,098 | Does l166P mutant DJ-1 promote cell death by dissociating Bax from mitochondrial Bcl-XL? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations or deletions in DJ-1/PARK7 gene are causative for recessive forms of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Wild-type DJ-1 has cytoprotective roles against cell death through multiple pathways. The most commonly studied mutant DJ-1(L166P) shifts its subcellular distribution to mitochondr... | Our findings suggest that wild-type DJ-1 protects cells and DJ-1(L166P) impairs cells by differentially regulating mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-XL functions. | yes |
22,901,578 | Are serum index test % [ -2 ] proPSA and Prostate Health Index more accurate than prostate specific antigen and % fPSA in predicting a positive repeat prostate biopsy? | {
"contexts": [
"We tested the hypothesis that serum isoform [-2]proPSA derivatives %p2PSA and Prostate Health Index are accurate predictors of prostate cancer in men scheduled for repeat biopsy.",
"The study was an observational prospective evaluation of a clinical cohort of men with 1 or 2 previous negative... | Serum %p2PSA and Prostate Health Index are more accurate than standard reference tests in predicting repeat prostate biopsy outcome, and could avoid unnecessary repeat biopsies. | yes |
22,879,118 | Does zolpidem improve neuropsychiatric symptoms and motor dysfunction in a patient with Parkinson 's disease after deep brain stimulation? | {
"contexts": [
"To illustrate the beneficial effect of zolpidem on the neuropsychiatric and motor symptoms in a patient with Parkinson disease (PD) after bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.",
"The 61-year-old housewife was diagnosed to have PD for 12 years with initial presentation of clums... | Zolpidem ameliorated the neuropsychiatric and parkinsonian motor symptom in the PD patient. Since GABAA benzodiazepine receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, zolpidem probably acts via modulating structures lying within the cortico-subcortical loop or by direct effect on these cortical ... | yes |
22,900,547 | Does cyclosporine a 0.05 % eye drop for the treatment of subepithelial infiltrates after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the treatment with topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) in patients with subepithelial corneal infiltrates (SEI).",
"We reviewed 16 patients (22 eyes) before and after the treatment with 0.05% CsA eye drops. All patients had been treated previously with topical corticosteroids witho... | Topical 0.05% CsA is a safe and effective alternative treatment in patients with SEI who do not respond to other treatment modalities or have undesired side effects from topical steroids. | yes |
22,900,541 | Is aA-Amyloid cleared by endogenous immunological mechanisms? | {
"contexts": [
"AA amyloidosis is a complication to longstanding inflammatory diseases, but reduction of amyloid mass has been reported as the inflammation ceases. Not much is known about the endogenous factors that contribute to this amyloid resolution. Herein, we describe the dynamics of amyloid degradation an... | Immunoglobulins co-localize with amyloid deposits and can contribute to amyloid degradation by Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis, and should be considered key players in the degradation process. | yes |
22,909,202 | Is antipsychotic drug dosage and therapeutic response in schizophrenia influenced by ABCB1 genotypes : a study from a south Indian perspective? | {
"contexts": [
"The conventional practice of using trial and error mode to select antipsychotic drugs in treatment of schizophrenia can result in symptom exacerbations, relapse and severe side effects, resulting in higher costs of treatment. P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) is known to regulate the concentration of antips... | The study suggests that a priori knowledge of ABCB1 genotypes can provide a significant input into evaluating the patient's response to medication, and minimizing redundant dosing and refractoriness. | yes |
22,909,203 | Does genome-wide miRNA expression profiling of human lymphoblastoid cell lines identify tentative SSRI antidepressant response biomarkers? | {
"contexts": [
"Over 30% of patients with major depression do not respond well to first-line treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Using genome-wide expression profiling of human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) CHL1 was identified as a tentative SSRI sensitivity biomarker. This study r... | The potential value of these miRNAs as tentative SSRI response biomarkers awaits validation with lymphocyte samples of major depression patients. | yes |
22,893,715 | Are adipose genes down-regulated during experimental endotoxemia also suppressed in obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Adipose inflammation is a crucial link between obesity and its metabolic complications. Human experimental endotoxemia is a controlled model for the study of inflammatory cardiometabolic responses in vivo.",
"We hypothesized that adipose genes down-regulated during endotoxemia would approxima... | Exploration of down-regulated mRNA in adipose during human endotoxemia revealed suppression of genes involved in cell development and differentiation. A majority of candidates were also suppressed in endogenous human obesity, suggesting a potential pathophysiological role in human obesity-related adipose inflammation. | yes |
22,877,649 | Does beta-catenin mediate the apoptosis induction effect of celastrol in HT29 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the apoptosis induction effects of celastrol in human colorectal cancer cell line HT29 in WNT/beta-catenin pathway.",
"HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations (10-100μM) for 24h, MTT assay was performed to examine the effect of celastrol on growth inhibition of HT29 c... | Beta-catenin mediates the apoptosis induction effects of celastrol in HT29 cells. | yes |
22,894,556 | Does hepatitis B virus X protein suppress caveolin-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating DNA methylation? | {
"contexts": [
"To understand the molecular mechanisms of caveolin-1 downregulation by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx).",
"The DNA methylation status of the caveolin-1 promoter was examined by nested methylation-specific PCR of 33 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples. The... | HBx protein induces methylation of the caveolin-1 promoter region and suppresses its expression. | yes |
22,887,649 | Does epistasis between two HLA antigens define a subset of individuals at a very high risk for ankylosing spondylitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Susceptibility to spondyloarthritis (SpA) is largely genetically determined. To understand increasingly complex genetic associations, one approach is to study epistasis or genetic interactions. Several associations between HLA antigens and SpA including HLA-B27 have been reported. In this study, ... | There is a strong epistatic interaction between HLA-B60 and HLA-B27 in AS susceptibility. As a result, individuals with the HLA-B27+/HLA-B60+ genotype are at a very high risk of developing AS. | yes |
22,886,584 | Are low 2-methoxyestradiol levels at the first trimester of pregnancy associated with the development of pre-eclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether maternal plasma levels of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) are decreased early in pregnancies that subsequently develop pre-eclampsia (PE) and whether this difference could be attributed to the presence of Val158Met catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism in the placenta.",... | Lower plasma concentrations of 2-ME during early pregnancy in patients who subsequently develop PE were found. Presence of placental Val158Met COMT polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk to develop PE, suggesting a protective role against PE. | yes |
22,891,147 | Is token Reinforcement Therapeutic Approach More Effective than Exercise for Controlling Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenic Patients : A Randomized Controlled Trial? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise and token-behavior therapy on the negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients.",
"Comparison of the effectiveness of exercise and token-behavior therapy on the negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients.",
"This research was a ra... | Both exercise and token-behavior therapies, along with drug treatment, are very effective in reducing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia; but the impact of token therapy issignificantly higher. | yes |
22,879,419 | Does pretreatment with proteasome inhibitors protect against oxidative injuries via PPARα-dependent and -independent pathways in ARPE-19 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative processes may play important roles in age-related macular degeneration. Previous studies have suggested that enhancing proteasome activity by pretreatment with low doses of proteasome inhibitors reduces injury from oxidative damage in neuronal cultures. The objective of the current stud... | Our data suggest that pretreatment with proteasome inhibitors reduces oxidative injury in ARPE-19 cells and that the underlying mechanisms are different for different proteasome inhibitors, with PPARα-dependent effects for MG-132 and PPAR-independent effects for LA. | yes |
22,882,397 | Do temperament and character modify risk of drug addiction and influence choice of drugs? | {
"contexts": [
"Drug addiction and alcoholism involve a complex etiopathogenesis with a variable degree of risk contributions from the host (person), environment, and addictive substances. In this work, temperament and character features of individuals addicted to opiates or alcohol are compared with normal cont... | Novelty Seeking appears to be a general risk factor for drug addiction. High Harm Avoidance appears to channel individuals with high Novelty Seeking towards alcoholism. Immature character traits and probable Personality Disorder increase the risk of illegal drugs. Based on equivalent research in nonpermissive environme... | yes |
22,883,932 | Does extracellular adenosine signaling induce CX3CL1 expression in the brain to promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are debilitating neuroinflammatory diseases mediated by lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system (CNS). While it is not known what triggers lymphocyte entry into the CNS during neuroinflammation, block... | We conclude that extracellular adenosine is an endogenous modulator of neuroinflammation during EAE that induces CX3CL1 at the choroid plexus to trigger lymphocyte entry into the brain. | yes |
22,892,040 | Is absence of galectin-3 immunostaining in fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens from papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with favorable pathological indices? | {
"contexts": [
"Galectin-3 (G3) immunostaining of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples from thyroid nodules is very useful for the diagnosis of malignancy. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the absence of G3 immunostaining in preoperative FNA samples is associated with favorable clinico... | The absence of G3 expression in FNA samples from PTC is associated with pathological parameters considered less aggressive than is the case for PTCs with G3 expression, including being a negative predictor of negative LN involvement. Long-term follow-up studies, however, are needed to verify whether G3N patients have l... | yes |
22,889,353 | Does epigallocatechin gallate incorporation into lignin enhance the alkaline delignification and enzymatic saccharification of cell walls? | {
"contexts": [
"Lignin is an integral component of the plant cell wall matrix but impedes the conversion of biomass into biofuels. The plasticity of lignin biosynthesis should permit the inclusion of new compatible phenolic monomers such as flavonoids into cell wall lignins that are consequently less recalcitran... | It was found that EGCG readily copolymerized with monolignols to become integrally cross-coupled into cell wall lignins, where it greatly enhanced alkaline delignification and subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Improved delignification may be attributed to internal trapping of quinone-methide intermediates to preve... | yes |
22,904,093 | Is neurohormonal modulation of the innate immune system proinflammatory in the prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rat , a genetic model of essential hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammation and autonomic dysfunction contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Cholinergic stimulation suppresses innate immune responses. Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces hypertension and is associated with proinflammatory immune responses.",
"Our goal was to define the innate immu... | There is a pronounced anti-inflammatory nicotinic/cholinergic modulation of the innate immune system in WKY rats, which is reversed in prehypertensive SHRs. The results support the novel concept that neurohormonal regulation of the innate immune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension and provid... | yes |
22,906,231 | Do neurog1 and Neurog2 coordinately regulate development of the olfactory system? | {
"contexts": [
"Proneural genes encode basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that specify distinct neuronal identities in different regions of the nervous system. In the embryonic telencephalon, the proneural genes Neurog1 and Neurog2 specify a dorsal regional identity and glutamatergic projection neuron ... | We have identified a cell autonomous role for Neurog1/2 in specifying the glutamatergic identity of olfactory bulb neurons. Furthermore, Neurog1 (and not Neurog2) is required to guide olfactory sensory neuron innervation of the olfactory bulb, the loss of which results in defects in olfactory bulb proliferation and tis... | yes |
22,909,461 | Is phosphorylation of Akt involved in protocatechuic acid-induced neurotrophic activity? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the mechanisms underlying protocatechuic acid (PCA)-induced neurotrophic effects on cultured cortical neurons.",
"The mRNA expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Sub... | The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway might play an important role in the neurotrophic activity of PCA. | yes |
22,907,227 | Are mitochondria of trained skeletal muscle protected from deleterious effects of statins? | {
"contexts": [
"Statins are associated with adverse skeletal muscle effects. Our objective was to determine if muscular adaptations following exercise training prevented deleterious effects of atorvastatin in glycolytic skeletal muscle.",
"Twenty rats were divided into 2 groups: a control group (n = 10; Cont... | These results suggest that improvements in mitochondrial respiratory and antioxidant capacities following endurance training protected mitochondria against statin exposure. | yes |
22,884,252 | Does two-stage hepatectomy with effective perioperative chemotherapy induce tumor growth or growth factor expression in liver metastases from colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Although short- and long-term results have been described in previous reports of 2-stage hepatectomy, growth activity in metastases resected at the first versus second hepatectomy has not been compared.",
"We analyzed growth activity of liver metastases from colorectal cancers resected at fir... | Two-stage hepatectomy did not seem to induce tumor growth activity or growth factor expression. The 2-stage strategy in combination with effective preoperative chemotherapy is a valuable strategy for colorectal metastases. | no |
22,878,916 | Is effective intra-esophageal acid control associated with improved radiofrequency ablation outcomes in Barrett 's esophagus? | {
"contexts": [
"Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a promising new treatment of Barrett's esophagus (BE). Adjunctive intra-esophageal pH control with proton pump inhibitors and/or anti-reflux surgery is generally recommended to optimize squamous re-epithelialization after ablation.",
"The aims of th... | Effective intra-esophageal pH control is associated with improved RFA outcomes of BE. Normal to mild EAE and smaller hiatal hernia are predictive factors to achieve CE. Given the frequent persistence of acid reflux despite therapy in BE patients, in order to maximize the RFA effects esophageal pH optimization and herni... | yes |
22,879,584 | Does elevated protein kinase C-δ contribute to aneurysm pathogenesis through stimulation of apoptosis and inflammatory signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a prominent pathological characteristic of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We have previously shown that SMC apoptosis stimulates proinflammatory signaling in a mouse model of AAA. Here, we test whether protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), an apoptotic mediator, ... | PKCδ is an important signaling mediator for SMC apoptosis and inflammation in a mouse model of AAA. By stimulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic SMCs, upregulated PKCδ exacerbates the inflammatory process, in turn perpetuating elastin degradation and aneurysmal dilatation. Inhibition of PKCδ m... | yes |
22,889,644 | Does intersphincteric proctectomy with end-colostomy for anorectal Crohn 's disease result in early and severe proximal colonic recurrence? | {
"contexts": [
"Perianal Crohn's disease (CD) represents a more aggressive phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease and often coincides with proctocolitis. This study aims to assess the outcome of patients undergoing proctectomy with end-colostomy.",
"A retrospective outcome analysis of 10 consecutive patient... | Intersphincteric proctectomy with colostomy seems to be an ineffective surgery for perianal CD with coexisting proctitis and results in a high risk of recurrence of the disease in the remaining colon. Therefore, despite a normal appearance of the proximal colon, a proctocolectomy with end-ileostomy seems to be the surg... | yes |
22,909,066 | Is a gene expression profile of stem cell pluripotentiality and differentiation conserved across diverse solid and hematopoietic cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis remains one of the most pressing problems in modern biology. To this end, stem-like cells with tumor-initiating potential have become a central focus in cancer research. While the cancer stem cell hypothesis presents a compelling model of ... | This core stemness gene expression signature represents a quantitative measure of stem cell-associated transcriptional activity. Broadly, the intensity of this signature correlates to the relative level of plasticity and differentiation across all of the human tissues analyzed. The fact that the intensity of this signa... | yes |
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