pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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16,648,528 | Does prevalence and correlate of personality disorder in Great Britain? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidemiological data on personality disorders, comorbidity and associated use of services are essential for health service policy.",
"To measure the prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in a representative community sample.",
"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IVAxis ... | Personality disorder is common in the community, especially in urban areas. Services are normally restricted to symptomatic, help-seeking individuals, but a vulnerable group with cluster B disorders can be identified early, are in care during childhood and enter the criminal justice system when young. This suggests the... | yes |
16,627,345 | Does novel cryoprotectant significantly improve the post-thaw recovery and quality of HSC from CB? | {
"contexts": [
"Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have traditionally been frozen using the cryoprotectant DMSO in dextran-40, saline or albumin. However, the process of freezing and thawing results in loss of HSC numbers and/or function.",
"This study investigated the use of CryoStor for the freezing of HSC fro... | These results suggest that improved HSC recovery, viability and functionality can be obtained using CryoStor with 10% DMSO and that similar if not better numbers can be obtained with 5% DMSO compared with dextran-40 with 10% DMSO. | yes |
16,630,953 | Does leukotriene D4 enhance immunoglobulin production in CD40-activated human B lymphocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysLTs) are lipid mediators recognized for their role in asthma and allergic inflammation. CysLT1, one of the receptors for cysLTs, is expressed, among others, in bronchial smooth muscle cells, phagocytes, and B lymphocytes. The potential role of CysLT1 in B lymphocytes re... | We have demonstrated that expression of CysLT1 can be upregulated in B lymphocytes after stimulation with CD154, with consequent increased responsiveness of the cells to LTD4 in terms of immunoglobulin production. | yes |
16,650,180 | Is levocetirizine an effective treatment in patients suffering from chronic idiopathic urticaria : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel , multicenter study? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is defined by the almost daily presence of urticaria for at least 6 weeks without an identifiable cause. Symptoms include short-lived wheals, itching, and erythema. CIU impedes significantly a patient's quality of life (QoL). Levocetirizine is an antihistamine f... | Levocetirizine, 5 mg once daily, is an effective treatment for CIU, characterized not only by a rapid and sustained response, but also by an important improvement in QoL. | yes |
16,639,341 | Does coadministration of esomeprazole with fosamprenavir have no impact on steady-state plasma amprenavir pharmacokinetics? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the drug interaction between fosamprenavir (FPV) and esomeprazole (ESO) after repeated doses in healthy adults.",
"Subjects received ESO 20 mg once daily (qd) for 7 days followed by either ESO 20 mg qd + FPV 1400 mg twice daily (bid) or ESO 20 mg qd + FPV 700 mg bid + ritonavir (R... | FPV 1400 mg bid or FPV 700 mg bid + RTV 100 mg bid may be coadministered simultaneously with ESO without dose adjustment. However, the impact of staggered administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on plasma amprenavir exposure is unknown at present. | yes |
16,652,419 | Does patient 's ethnicity influence utilization of effective therapies in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Biological agents have revolutionized the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given the previously documented ethnic disparity in the health service literature, we sought to determine if ethnic difference exists in the lag time between the diagnosis of RA and use of first biological agent.",
... | In a national sample of patients with RA, most of whom were insured, the length of time from diagnosis of RA to initiation of the first biological agent was not significantly different among Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics. | no |
16,636,233 | Is hematoma growth a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Although volume of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a predictor of mortality, it is unknown whether subsequent hematoma growth further increases the risk of death or poor functional outcome.",
"To determine if hematoma growth independently predicts poor outcome, the authors performed an indi... | Hematoma growth is an independent determinant of both mortality and functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Attenuation of growth is an important therapeutic strategy. | yes |
16,648,371 | Are lKB1 exonic and whole gene deletions a common cause of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"LKB1/STK11 germline mutations cause Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). The existence of a second PJS locus is controversial, the evidence in its favour being families unlinked to LKB1 and the low frequency of LKB1 mutations found using conventional methods in several studies. Exonic and whole gene del... | These results lessen the possibility of a second PJS locus, as the detection rate of germline mutations in PJS patients was about 80% (59/76). It is suggested that MLPA, or a suitable alternative, should be used for routine genetic testing of PJS patients in clinical practice. | yes |
16,634,114 | Is electronegative low-density lipoprotein subfraction from type 2 diabetic subjects proatherogenic and unrelated to glycemic control? | {
"contexts": [
"The physicochemical and biological characteristics of electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (LDL(-)) from type 2 diabetic patients (DM2), before and after insulin therapy, were studied.",
"Total LDL was subfractionated in LDL(+) (native LDL) and LDL(-) by anion-exchange chromatography... | These results suggest that, although nonenzymatic glycosylation and oxidation are increased in type 2 diabetes, these features would not be directly involved in the generation of LDL(-). Moreover, LDL(-) properties suggest that the high proportion observed in plasma could promote accelerated atherosclerosis in DM2 pati... | yes |
16,648,791 | Is metal-specific lymphocyte reactivity downregulated after dental metal replacement? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was done to evaluate the results and clinical relevance of an optimized lymphocyte proliferation test, MELISA, for metal-induced inflammation in patients with CFS-like symptoms. The treatment of patients consisted of the replacement of incompatible dental materials (RID) together with ... | Replacement of incompatible dental materials resulted in down-regulation of metal-induced lymphocyte sensitivity in vitro, as well as in the improvement of health status of majority of patients with unspecific CFS-like symptoms. | yes |
16,644,746 | Does 18F-FDG PET reduce unnecessary hemithyroidectomies for thyroid nodules with inconclusive cytologic results? | {
"contexts": [
"Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is inconclusive in up to 20% of patients with solitary thyroid nodules. In these cases, hemithyroidectomy is necessary, but only 20% of the nodules prove to be thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of (18)F-FDG PET to reduce the... | In addition to data in the literature demonstrating accurate detection of thyroid cancer by (18)F-FDG PET, this study showed that (18)F-FDG PET should play an important role in the management of patients with inconclusive cytologic diagnosis of a thyroid nodule. (18)F-FDG PET reduced the number of futile hemithyroidect... | yes |
16,626,858 | Is high radical prostatectomy surgical volume related to lower radical prostatectomy total hospital charges? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that individual surgical volume (SV) is an independent predictor of radical prostatectomy (RP) total charges.",
"We used the Florida State Inpatient Data File. ICD-9 codes 60.5 (RP) and 185 (prostate cancer) identified all men treated with RP for prostate cancer between... | Redistribution of RPs from low to high SV users could result in significant savings. For example, 4 million dollars could be saved if 1000 RPs were redistributed from surgeons with an SV of 18 to surgeons with an SV of 200. | yes |
16,627,609 | Is polynocturia in chronic kidney disease related to natriuresis rather than to water diuresis? | {
"contexts": [
"Nocturnal polyuria has been well known in renal insufficiency. Recently, we found that as renal function deteriorated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), natriuresis was enhanced during the night with nocturnal blood pressure elevation. In the present study, we investigated whether nocturnal polyuri... | As renal function deteriorated, nocturnal polyuria was seen, being consistent with classical recognition. Furthermore, this increase in nocturnal urine volume seemed related to osmotic diuresis mainly by natriuresis rather than to water diuresis or urea excretion. | yes |
16,627,606 | Do catheter lock solutions influence staphylococcal biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces? | {
"contexts": [
"Microbial biofilms form on central venous catheters and may be associated with systemic infections as well as decreased dialysis efficiency due to catheter thrombosis. The most widely used anticoagulant catheter lock solution in the US is sodium heparin. We have previously shown that sodium hepar... | This in vitro study demonstrates that heparin alternatives, sodium citrate and sodium EDTA, can prevent the formation of S. aureus biofilms, suggesting that they may reduce the risk of biofilm-associated complications in indwelling catheters. This finding suggests a biological mechanism for the observed improvement in ... | yes |
16,633,046 | Is 5-aminosalicylate therapy associated with higher 6-thioguanine levels in adults and children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission on 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine? | {
"contexts": [
"Small uncontrolled trials have suggested that 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) medications increase 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGn) levels in adults with Crohn's disease (CD) on azathioprine (AZA) or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), presumably through the inhibition of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). We t... | We found that 5-ASA therapy is associated with higher 6-TGn levels in children and adults with IBD on 6-MP/AZA. TPMT inhibition may not explain this effect because 5-ASA exposure did not affect 6-MMP levels. The observed association of CD with higher 6-TGn levels is novel and needs to be verified in prospective studies... | yes |
16,627,898 | Does intra-arterial papaverine used to treat cerebral vasospasm reduce brain oxygen? | {
"contexts": [
"Intra-arterial papaverine (IAP) is used to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). IAP, however, can increase intracranial pressure (ICP). In this study we examined whether IAP alters brain oxygen (BtO2).",
"Poor clinical grade (Hunt & Hess IV ... | IAP infusion to treat cerebral vasospasm following SAH can increase ICP and reduce BtO2. The IAP-induced reduction in BtO2 may help explain why IAP, although it reverses arterial narrowing, does not improve patient outcome. | yes |
16,638,859 | Are n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V and beta1-6 branching N-linked oligosaccharides associated with good prognosis of patients with bladder cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) is an enzyme that catalyzes beta1-6 branching of N-acetylglucosamine on asparagine (N)-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycan) of cell proteins. We examined the relationship between GnT-V expression and clinicopathologic features of the patients with bladder c... | GnT-V and its resultant beta1-6 branching N-linked oligosaccharides are closely related to low malignant potential and good prognosis of the patients with bladder cancer. | yes |
16,638,854 | Is bcl-2 a prognostic marker in breast cancer independently of the Nottingham Prognostic Index? | {
"contexts": [
"Prognostication of breast cancer using clinicopathologic variables, although useful, remains imperfect. Many reports suggest that gene expression profiling can refine the current approach. Alternatively, it has been shown that panels of proteins assessed by immunohistochemistry might also be usef... | Bcl-2 is an independent predictor of breast cancer outcome and seems to be useful as a prognostic adjunct to the NPI, particularly in the first 5 years after diagnosis. | yes |
16,638,850 | Is expression of KLF5 a prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Kruppel-like factor (KLF5) is a cell growth mediator in various epithelial cells. Higher KLF5 increases cell growth rate and leads to transformed phenotypes. Because tumor cell proliferation is tightly associated with tumor progression, and consequently, with survival of cancer patients, we wante... | The gene expression of KLF5 is directly correlated with cell proliferation in vivo and is a prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Patients with higher KLF5 expression have shorter disease-free survival and overall survival than patients with lower KLF5 expression. In addition, KLF5 has higher expression in... | yes |
16,647,508 | Is hLA predictive of posttransplant diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"New-onset posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent complication of kidney transplantation. The goal of this study was to identify if the tendency to develop PTDM was associated to the HLA, as is seen in the general population.",
"A retrospective study was made of 525 patients who... | PTDM was not associated statistically with the HLA in this group of transplant recipients, although A3 and DR3 were higher. Patients with the phenotype that is related to diabetes in the normal population did not have a higher incidence of diabetes in this series. | no |
16,634,887 | Is plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 expressed in different types of congenital ichthyosis : in vivo evidence for its cross-linking into the cornified cell envelope by transglutaminase-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), a regulatory serpin of the plasminogen activator (PA) system, has been described as a potential component of the cornified cell envelope (CE). Protease inhibitors are essential for skin homeostasis and in particular for the regulation of the desquamation... | We provide in vivo evidence that PAI-2 is a substrate of TGase-1. The normal expression of PAI-2 in a large group of TGase-1-proficient LI/NCIE patients makes it rather unlikely that PAI-2 alone is a primary molecular cause of LI/NCIE. | yes |
16,632,017 | Is increased pulse wave velocity associated with low creatinine clearance and proteinuria in a screened cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease. Although pulse wave velocity (PWV), which reflects arterial stiffness, was increased in subjects with CKD, little is known regarding whether renal function is associated with PWV in a low-risk population and whether ... | Arterial stiffness increases with a decrease in renal function or with proteinuria independently of other risk factors. | yes |
16,638,585 | Are the mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt developmentally regulated in the chronically anemic fetal sheep heart? | {
"contexts": [
"Protein kinase B (Akt) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate hypertrophy in the adult heart, although their importance in the developing heart is poorly understood. The goal of the current study was to determine if volume loading the fetal heart resulting from chronic anemia a... | These results identify important developmental differences in the response of the MAPKs and Akt in the stressed fetal heart. Differences in protein-to-DNA ratios likely reflect the different populations of cardiomyocytes composing the fetal heart at these two GAs and their cell-dependent response to a hemodynamic load. | yes |
16,633,724 | Does retinal function in rabbits improve 4-5 months after terminating treatment with vigabatrin? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously reported changes in retinal function and histopathology in rabbits treated with vigabatrin. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate retinal function and histopathology of retina in rabbits 4-5 months after terminating vigabatrin medication.",
"Five rabbits were tre... | Four to five months after terminating treatment with vigabatrin the rabbit full-field ERG remains reduced in isolated cone b-wave amplitude indicating that vigabatrin induced retinal dysfunction may be irreversible. However, immunohistology is normal after a period without treatment, implying that the previously descri... | no |
16,631,199 | Is toll-like receptor-4 message up-regulated in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rat lung pericytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Pericytes are multifunctional, polymorphic perivascular cells that lie within the microvessel basal lamina, are located on the abluminal side of endothelial cells, and are thought to play a regulatory role in capillary leak observed in sepsis. Toll-Like receptor 4 (TLR-4) has been implicated as t... | The up-regulation of TLR-4 in the presence of increasing LPS suggests its importance in pericyte LPS-induced activation. Pericyte TLR-4 recognition of LPS could play a role in capillary leak seen in sepsis. These data also demonstrates that pericytes, once thought to be passive participants in the inflammatory cascade,... | yes |
16,627,867 | Are dNAH5 mutations a common cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia with outer dynein arm defects? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by recurrent airway infections and randomization of left-right body asymmetry. To date, autosomal recessive mutations have only been identified in a small number of patients involving DNAI1 and DNAH5, which encode outer dynein arm components.",
... | DNAH5 is frequently mutated in patients with PCD exhibiting outer dynein arm defects and mutations cluster in five exons. | yes |
16,627,864 | Does dobutamine improve liver function after hemorrhagic shock through induction of heme oxygenase-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects the liver against reperfusion injury after hemorrhagic shock. Previous data suggest that the beta(1)-adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine induces HO-1 in hepatocytes.",
"To investigate the functional significance of dobutamine pretreatment for liver fu... | These results suggest a beta(1)-adrenoceptor-dependent hepatic up-regulation of HO-1 and a better maintained hepatocellular function after hemorrhagic shock in animals pretreated with dobutamine. The improved hepatocellular function may be in part mediated by carbon monoxide because of up-regulation of HO-1. Pretreatme... | yes |
16,627,862 | Does noninvasive ventilation improve preoxygenation before intubation of hypoxic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Critically ill patients are predisposed to oxyhemoglobin desaturation during intubation.",
"To find out whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV), as a preoxygenation method, is more effective at reducing arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation than usual preoxygenation during orotracheal intubation ... | For the intubation of hypoxemic patients, preoxygenation using NIV is more effective at reducing arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation than the usual method. | yes |
16,644,327 | Is coronary plaque composition of nonculprit lesions , assessed by in vivo intracoronary ultrasound radio frequency data analysis , related to clinical presentation? | {
"contexts": [
"Identification of subclinical high-risk plaques is potentially important because they may have greater likelihood of rupture and subsequent thrombosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between plaque composition determined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) radio frequency... | In this study, plaque characterization of nonculprit vessels using spectral analysis of IVUS RF data analysis was significantly related to clinical presentation. Percentage of lipid core, a feature related to acute coronary events and worse prognosis, was significantly larger in patients with ACS. Conversely, stable pa... | yes |
16,628,653 | Is notch-1 down-regulation by curcumin associated with the inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Notch signaling plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and thereby may contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, the down-regulation of Notch signaling may be a novel approach for pancreatic cancer therapy.... | The current results provide the first demonstration to the authors' knowledge that the Notch-1 signaling pathway is associated mechanistically with NF-kappaB activity during curcumin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cells. These results suggest that the down-regulation of Notch signaling by cu... | yes |
16,639,066 | Is liver failure uncommon in adults receiving long-term parenteral nutrition? | {
"contexts": [
"Abnormal liver enzymes and endstage liver disease are reported to occur in 25%-100% and 15%-40% of adult patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (PN), respectively. The purpose of this historic cohort study was to investigate the incidence of and possible factors leading to the developm... | When long-term PN is given with a modest amount of total energy and a minimal amount of lipid emulsion, abnormal liver enzymes are common, but severe liver dysfunction is unusual. | yes |
16,647,734 | Are retinal adaptation responses revealed by global flash multifocal electroretinogram dependent on the degree of myopic refractive error? | {
"contexts": [
"There is evidence that the inner retina is involved in eye growth control processes and the development of myopia. We sought to investigate the response dynamics of the inner retina of adult emmetropes and myopes using the global flash multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) paradigm.",
"Fourtee... | Global flash mfERG responses of emmetropes and myopes were not found to be significantly different. The measured retinal adaptation response however varied according to the degree of myopia. We hypothesize that dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in retinal adaptation and is known to be reduced in myopic... | yes |
16,631,650 | Is transcerebral platelet activation after aortic cross-clamp release linked to neurocognitive decline? | {
"contexts": [
"Neurocognitive decline after cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may be caused in part by highly prothrombotic atheroemboli to the brain; the source of these emboli is likely the ascending aorta and aortic arch. We examined transcerebral platelet activation gradients using simu... | Transient intracerebral platelet activation after removal of the aortic cross-clamp is associated with post-CPB neurocognitive injury. | yes |
16,631,651 | Is transfusion in coronary artery bypass grafting associated with reduced long-term survival? | {
"contexts": [
"Perioperative red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has been associated with early risk for morbid outcomes, but risk related to long-term survival has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we examined the influence of PRBC transfusion and component therapy on long-term survival after isolated cor... | Perioperative PRBC transfusion is associated with adverse long-term sequela in isolated CABG. Attention should be directed toward blood conservation methods and a more judicious use of PRBC. | yes |
16,627,810 | Are soluble CD40L levels regulated by the -3459 A > G polymorphism and predict myocardial infarction and the efficacy of antithrombotic treatment in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Current evidence suggests the CD40-CD40L pathway as a key process in the development, progression, and outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim was to investigate the prognostic importance of soluble (s) CD40L levels, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CD40LG gene, and the rela... | We identified a SNP in the CD40LG gene as a novel regulator of sCD40L plasma concentrations. Soluble CD40L levels above median reflect a prothrombotic state, which can be managed with the use of intense anti-thrombotic treatments. | yes |
16,628,235 | Is linear pattern of West Nile virus-associated chorioretinitis related to retinal nerve fibres organization? | {
"contexts": [
"To clarify the reason for the linear pattern of West Nile virus (WNV)-associated chorioretinitis.",
"The study included 12 patients (24 eyes) with WNV-associated chorioretinitis. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including dilated fundus examination, fundus photogra... | Results of our study show that the linear pattern of WNV-associated chorioretinitis is related to retinal nerve fibres organization, suggesting a contiguous spread of WNV virus from central nerve system via the optic nerve fibres to the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. | yes |
16,636,640 | Are cannabis-induced psychosis-like experiences associated with high schizotypy? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have suggested that cannabis use is a risk factor for developing schizophrenia. We tested the hypothesis that cannabis use increases the likelihood of psychosis-like experiences in non-clinical participants who scored highly on a measure of schizotypy.",
"The psychological effe... | High scoring schizotypes who use cannabis are more likely to experience psychosis-like phenomena at the time of use, and unpleasant after-effects. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cannabis use is a risk factor for full psychosis in this group. | yes |
16,636,641 | Is conventional MRI inadequate to delineate the relationship between the red nucleus and subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"An understanding of the relationships between the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line (AC-PC), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and red nucleus (RN) is imperative if these structures are to be used for targeting in deep brain stimulation. Currently, these relationships are incompletely un... | Although recent studies imply that the RN can be used as a relatively consistent marker for the position of the STN, the present data suggest otherwise. These data indicate that a single targeting method may be inadequate given the resolution of conventional MRI, and that it is imperative to use multiple anatomical mea... | yes |
16,638,095 | Do xanthine oxidase-derived free radicals directly activate rat pancreatic stellate cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Free radicals are reported to be associated with fibrosis in the pancreas. It is generally accepted that pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play an important role in pancreatic fibrosis. However, the exact role of free radicals in activation of PSC has not been fully elucidated. In the present study... | These results suggest that free radicals generated by XOD might directly activate PSC. | yes |
16,638,098 | Is abnormal gastroesophageal flap valve highly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease among subjects undergoing routine endoscopy in Taiwan? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) grade predicts severe gastroesophageal reflux disease in Caucasians, but its role in other populations is unclear. This study evaluated the significance of endoscopic grading of the GEFV in Taiwanese subjects.",
"Five hundred and six consecutive patients und... | Taiwanese patients with abnormal GEFVs share similar characteristics and risk factors with the patients who have EE. Endoscopic grading of the GEFV is highly associated with GERD, and in particular EE, in subjects undergoing routine endoscopy. | yes |
16,624,738 | Does [ Resveratrol induce HepG2 cell apoptosis by depolarizing mitochondrial membrane ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of resveratrol on the proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell morphology of human liver cancer cell line HepG2.",
"The changes in HepG2 cell growth and proliferation in response to resveratrol treatment were evaluated by MTT assay, and re... | Resveratrol is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 cells and inducing cell apoptosis by depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential. | yes |
16,624,733 | Does [ Microcystin-LR induce apoptosis in L-02 cell line ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the toxicological mechanism of microcystin-LR (MCLR) on L-02 cells.",
"L-02 cells was treated with MCLR at different concentrations and the subsequent changes such as cell proliferation (MTT assay), morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, apoptosis rate and apoptosis-r... | MCLR can induce apoptosis and up-regulate p53 and bcl-2 expressions in human normal liver cell line L-02. | yes |
16,636,357 | Does automated external defibrillator program impair cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation in the public access defibrillation trial? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether automated external defibrillator (AED) training and AED availability affected the response of volunteer rescuers and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in presumed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA) during the multicenter Public Access Defibrillation Trial... | In the Public Access Defibrillation Trial, rates of CPR actions for presumed OOH-CA victims were low but similar for CPR and CPR+AED responding volunteer rescuers. Factors associated with volunteer response, CPR action initiation, and AED activation warrant further investigation. | no |
16,650,863 | Does enhancement of NKT cells and increase in regulatory T cells result in improved allograft survival? | {
"contexts": [
"Natural killer T (NKT) cells can serve as regulatory cells important in peripheral tolerance. In an experimental colitis model, it was shown that FK506 enhances the tolerizing effect of regulatory NKT cells induced by oral tolerance. We explored whether a subtherapeutic dose of FK506 could enhanc... | In our model it appears that a subtherapeutic dose of FK506 enhanced the tolerizing effect of NKT cells induced by oral tolerance, prolonging allograft survival by generating CD25+CD4+ CTLA4 T cells. This appears to be an excellent in vivo model to generate regulatory T cells to allospecific transplant antigens. | yes |
16,639,003 | Do beta1 and beta3 integrins cooperate to induce syndecan-4-containing cross-linked actin networks in human trabecular meshwork cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To characterize the molecular composition of cross-linked actin networks (CLANs) and the regulation of their formation by integrins in normal human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. CLANs have been observed in steroid-treated and glaucomatous TM cells and have been suggested to contribute to decrea... | CLANs are unique actin-branched networks whose formation can be regulated by beta1 and beta3 integrin signaling pathways. Thus, integrin-mediated signaling events can modulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in TM cells and hence could participate in regulating cytoskeletal events previously demonstrated to ... | yes |
16,636,126 | Does epigenetic modification of the X chromosome influence susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown, although genetic and environmental influences are clearly implicated. Some genetic studies have suggested the involvement of X-linked genes in PCOS, but the influence of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) on manifestation of this disorder has... | This study provides evidence to refute the null hypothesis and propose a closer inspection of X-linked genes in PCOS, one in which both genotype and epigenotype are considered. Environmental determinants of PCOS may alter clinical presentation via epigenetic modifications, which currently remain undetected in tradition... | yes |
16,641,713 | Does neurovascular transfer cause skeletal muscle fiber degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"The mechanisms responsible for the incomplete recovery of muscle function after microneurovascular transfer have not been fully determined. Because fiber degeneration and regeneration can impact muscle mechanical function, the authors tested the null hypothesis that ischemia-induced fiber degener... | After neurovascular muscle transfer (with ischemia times up to 3 hours), ischemia-induced muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration does not occur. Muscle fiber degeneration is not responsible for the force deficits observed after microneurovascular skeletal muscle transfer. | no |
16,635,093 | Is fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration increased in asbestosis and pleural plaques? | {
"contexts": [
"Asbestos exposure induces generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide is involved in asbestos-related lung toxicity in vitro and can be measured non-invasively in humans in exhaled breath. The authors hypothesized that fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FENO) woul... | FENO is raised in asbestosis consistent with lung inflammation, and also in pleural plaques. | yes |
16,631,627 | Does doxazosin induce activation of GADD153 and cleavage of focal adhesion kinase in cardiomyocytes en route to apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blocker doxazosin, which in the ALLHAT trial was associated with a greater risk of heart failure than the diuretic chlorthalidone, induces the apoptosis of human and murine cardiomyocytes regardless of alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blockade. We aimed to throw light on the mech... | Doxazosin induces the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via the ER pathway, with increased production of C/EBP beta, GADD153 and DOC-1. Likewise it increases phosphorylation of the GADD153 activator p38 MAPK and induces first the phosphorylation, and then the cleavage, of FAK. These effects are not mediated by alpha 1-adreno... | yes |
16,642,542 | Do angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors modulate the rate of progression of amnestic mild cognitive impairment? | {
"contexts": [
"Predictors of progression to dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) define different groups with higher risks of progression. To date, efforts to differentiate those who will progress to dementia from those who will not have proved inconclusive, and while grades of risk have... | Older age, higher education, poor global cognitive performance, higher levels of plasma total homocysteine are independently associated with the progression of memory decline while the prescription of ACE Inhibitors is a protective factor for cognitive deterioration. | yes |
16,641,581 | Is fractional calcium absorption increased in girls with Rett syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder primarilyaffecting girls, is characterized in part by osteopenia and increased risk of skeletal fractures. We hypothesized that decreased intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption relative to dietary Ca intake and increased renal Ca excretion ... | Fractional Ca absorption showed a compensatory increase in the presence of adequate dietary Ca intakes, mild hypercalcuria, and pronounced bone mineral deficits in RTT girls. Whether supplemental dietary Ca could enhance fractional Ca absorption and improve bone mineralization in RTT girls is unknown. | yes |
16,625,280 | Does manganese antagonize iron blocking mitochondrial aconitase expression in human prostate carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the possible role of manganese in the regulation of mitochondrial aconitase (mACON) activity human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 cells.",
"The mACON enzymatic activities of human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 cells were determined using a reduced nicotinamide adenine di... | These findings suggest that manganese acts as an antagonist of iron, disrupting the enzymatic activity and gene expression of mACON and citrate metabolism in the prostate. | yes |
16,652,313 | Is nasopharyngeal shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus associated with genetic polymorphisms? | {
"contexts": [
"A high initial or peak severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) load in nasopharyngeal specimens was shown to be associated with a high mortality rate. Because all infected individuals were devoid of preeexisting protective immunity against SARS-CoV, the biologic... | The SARS-CoV load is a determinant of clinical outcomes of SARS, and it is associated with polymorphisms of genes involved in innate immunity, which might be regulated in an age- and sex-dependent manner. The findings of the present study provided leads to genes involved in the host response to SARS-CoV infection; if s... | yes |
16,630,226 | Is which the optimal bowel preparation for colonoscopy - a meta-analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess which bowel preparation agent is most effective.",
"A search of randomized trials between January 1990 and July 2005 was obtained, using MEDLINE and PubMed databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Meta-analysis was performed using the Forest plot review.",
... | NaP was more effective in bowel cleansing than PEG or SPS and was comparable in terms of adverse events. Patients have more difficulty completing PEG than NaP and SPS. Biochemical changes associated with a small-volume preparation like NaP, albeit largely asymptomatic, mandate caution in patients with cardiovascular or... | yes |
16,645,134 | Does cilostazol protect against brain white matter damage and cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"White matter lesions contribute to cognitive impairment in poststroke patients. The present study was designed to assess the neuroprotective mechanisms of cilostazol, a potent inhibitor of type III phosphodiesterase, through signaling pathways that lead to activation of transcription factor cAMP-... | Our results indicate that cilostazol exerts a brain-protective effect through the CREB phosphorylation pathway leading to upregulation of Bcl-2 and COX-2 expressions and suggest that cilostazol is potentially useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment in poststroke patients. | yes |
16,638,593 | Are matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 promoter polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas in a Japanese population? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in modeling and remodeling the extracellular matrix in leiomyomas. Hence, we investigated whether associations exist between leiomyomas and promoter polymorphisms in the MMP-1 and MMP-9 genes in a Japanese population.",
"We compared the ... | These findings suggest that MMP-1 and MMP-9 promoter polymorphisms are unlikely to be associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas in Japanese women. | no |
16,638,590 | Do fetal membranes from term vaginal deliveries have a zone of weakness exhibiting characteristics of apoptosis and remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently we identified a weak zone in term, pre-labor (repeat Cesarean section) human fetal membranes (FM) overlying the cervix with biochemical characteristics suggestive of apoptosis and collagen remodeling. We suggested that this weak zone is the FM rupture initiation site. Vaginally delivered... | Vaginally delivered AROM FM contain a weak zone overlying the cervix. Vaginally delivered SROM FM contain a weak zone adjacent to the tear line that exhibits biochemical and mechanical characteristics suggestive of collagen remodeling and apoptosis comparable to those of the AR FM weak zone. | yes |
16,643,621 | Is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma frequently underexpressed in renal cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) mRNA expression quantitatively in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and RCC tissue, as well as in corresponding normal kidney tissue.",
"We examined PPARgamma mRNA expression quantitatively in six human RCC cell... | Most RCC cell lines showed decreased expression of PPARgamma mRNA. However, the level of PPARgamma mRNA expression did not affect cell growth inhibition by PPARgamma ligands. More than half of the tissues from RCC patients had low expression of PPARgamma mRNA, and such carcinomas might have more aggressive behavior. | yes |
16,633,120 | Is acceptance of telemanagement high in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Assess acceptance and attitudes regarding telemanagement (HAT) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).",
"Noncompliance is a barrier to successful outcomes in patients with IBD. Novel methods for monitoring and assessing compliance are needed.",
"HAT consists of a laptop connec... | Improved methods of monitoring are needed for patients with IBD. Patients with IBD can be easily trained to use HAT, and patient acceptance is high. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of HAT in IBD. | yes |
16,644,315 | Are statins associated with lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with unstable coronary syndromes : analysis of the Orbofiban in Patients with Unstable coronary Syndromes-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 16 ( OPUS-TIMI 16 ) trial? | {
"contexts": [
"It has recently been shown that statins increase the myocardial content of prostaglandin (PG) I2 (prostacyclin) and PGE2. A systemic increase of PG production may protect the gastric mucosa and prevent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We hypothesized that statins would lower the risk of GI bleedin... | Statins may exert protective effect against GI bleeding in patients with ACS. Additional studies are warranted to explore this additional potential benefit of statins. | yes |
16,631,668 | Does multimedia-driven teaching significantly improve students ' performance when compared with a print medium? | {
"contexts": [
"In this study, we compared the educational value of a multimedia module about aortic valve replacement as a preparation for the operating room with a print medium of identical content.",
"One hundred twenty-six students were randomly assigned in a prospective study to either use the multimedi... | Regarding factual knowledge, there is no difference between multimedia-driven learning and a print medium. During heart operations, when understanding of complex temporal and spatial events is essential, students' performance is significantly improved by multimedia-enhanced teaching. The latter further proved to be mor... | yes |
16,643,232 | Does platonin attenuate LPS-induced CAT-2 and CAT-2B induction in stimulated murine macrophages? | {
"contexts": [
"Platonin, a cyanine photosensitizing dye, is a potent immunomodulator that suppresses acute inflammation. Platonin not only inhibits interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production but also improves circulatory failure in septic rats. In addition, platonin reduces p... | Platonin attenuates NO production and L-arginine transport in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages possibly through inhibiting iNOS, CAT-2, and CAT-2B expression. | yes |
16,634,840 | Does cREB transcription factor modulate Bcl2 transcription in response to C5a in HL-60-derived neutrophils? | {
"contexts": [
"Complement fragment C5a and neutrophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal disease and C5a has also been shown to delay apoptosis of human neutrophils via a transcription-independent pathway. However, transcription-dependent pathways have not been well described. The present study ... | This study demonstrates that C5a induces Bcl2 mRNA transcription in HL-60-derived neutrophils, which is mediated in part by CREB through the convergence of the PI3K/Akt and ERK-signalling pathways. | yes |
16,634,846 | Does topiramate affect the acquisition or expression of ethanol conditioned place preference in DBA/2J or C57BL/6J mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Topiramate, an anticonvulsant, has been reported to increase the number of abstinent days and decrease craving in alcohol-dependent individuals. However, the neurobiological basis for topiramate's effect is unknown. To assess topiramate's effect on ethanol's rewarding and conditioning rewarding e... | These findings indicate that topiramate has no effect on ethanol's rewarding or conditioned rewarding effects as indexed by the place conditioning procedure. Thus, these studies raise the possibility that topiramate's efficacy in the treatment of alcoholism results from its impact on brain areas other than those that m... | no |
16,639,317 | Is apolipoprotein E epsilon 2 associated with new hemorrhage risk in brain arteriovenous malformations? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are at life-threatening risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Identification of genetic variants associated with increased new ICH risk would facilitate risk stratification and guide therapeutic intervention.",
"Brain AVM patients evaluate... | ApoE genotype may influence the risk of ICH in the natural course of brain AVM. The identification of genetic predictors of ICH risk may facilitate estimation of AVM natural history risk and individualize clinical decision-making and therapeutic recommendations. | yes |
16,647,124 | Is long-standing bullous keratopathy associated with peripheral conjunctivalization and limbal deficiency? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether peripheral corneal neovascularization in bullous keratopathy (BK) is due to conjunctivalization, a sign of limbal stem cell deficiency.",
"Observational case-control study.",
"Sixteen BK patients.",
"Patients were divided into 2 groups: BK without peripheral neo... | Conjunctivalization of the peripheral cornea and delayed postoperative epithelialization in BK patients with NV suggest the presence of limbal stem cell deficiency in such patients. Patients with long-standing disease were found to be more prone to neovascularization. For this reason, early surgery may lead to a better... | yes |
16,628,087 | Does sequence variation outside the `` active '' region of dog and rabbit cholecystokinin-58 result in bioactivity differences? | {
"contexts": [
"We propose that regions outside the bioactive 7-amino acid carboxyl terminus of cholecystokinin (CCK)-58 influence its biological activity. Here we evaluate if sequence variation of the N-terminal regions of rabbit and canine CCK-58 changes their biological activities.",
"Cholecystokinin-like... | Canine and rabbit CCK-58 have different biological and immunologic properties that can only result from differences in their N-terminal sequences which influence the properties of their identical carboxyl termini. These results are the first direct demonstration that amino acids outside the C-terminus of CCK-58 influen... | yes |
16,636,172 | Is akt1 required for physiological cardiac growth? | {
"contexts": [
"Postnatal growth of the heart chiefly involves nonproliferative cardiomyocyte enlargement. Cardiac hypertrophy exists in a \"physiological\" form that is an adaptive response to long-term exercise training and as a \"pathological\" form that often is a maladaptive response to provocative stimuli ... | These results establish Akt1 as a pivotal regulatory switch that promotes physiological cardiac hypertrophy while antagonizing pathological hypertrophy. | yes |
16,650,133 | Does inhibition of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein improve seizure control in phenytoin-treated chronic epileptic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Overexpression of multidrug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) may play a significant role in pharmacoresistance, by preventing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) from reaching their targets in the brain. Until now, many studies have described increased P-gp expression in epileptic tissue or have... | These findings show that TQD significantly improves the anticonvulsive action of PHT, thus establishing a proof-of-concept that the administration of AEDs in combination with P-gp inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic strategy in pharmacoresistant patients. | yes |
16,641,603 | Does simian parvovirus infection in cynomolgus monkey heart transplant recipients cause death related to severe anemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Simian parvovirus (SPV) was first isolated from cynomolgus monkeys. Like human parvovirus B19, this virus has a predilection for erythroid cells. During acute SPV infection, clinical signs are usually mild or inapparent, but severe anemia may occur in immunocompromised animals. We report several ... | SPV is an important pathogen in surgically manipulated cynomolgus monkeys, particularly with immune compromise. Once introduced into a colony, clinically silent SPV infection could be readily transmitted within the environment. Transmission and disease occur at high frequency with an organ from a PCR-negative, seroposi... | yes |
16,626,949 | Do mexican American elders have similar severities of COPD despite less tobacco exposure than European American elders? | {
"contexts": [
"Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnicity of the US population and the largest subset includes those of Mexican origin. Hispanics, including Mexican Americans (MAs), consistently report less tobacco exposure than European Americans (EAs), but limited data are available regarding differences in ... | Despite significantly less exposure to tobacco smoke, MAs with COPD had a similar degree of obstruction to airflow compared with EAs with COPD. Healthcare providers should have a high index of suspicion for COPD in MAs who are exposed to even small amounts of cigarette smoke. | yes |
16,648,225 | Does methylphenidate improve aspects of executive function in African American children with ADHD? | {
"contexts": [
"The undertreatment of ethnic minority children with ADHD prompted a study on the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on the executive functions of African American children with ADHD.",
"Nineteen African American children with ADHD are tested on the Tower of Hanoi (TOH) and the Paired Associates... | Similar to previous findings with predominantly majority samples of patients with ADHD, MPH enhances planning, precision, and persistence in African American children with ADHD. | yes |
16,634,070 | Is core imprint cytology of screen-detected breast lesions predictive of the histologic results? | {
"contexts": [
"In multidisciplinary assessment clinics for screen-detected breast lesions, onsite cytopathologists provide immediate results of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) and this information is used for patient counseling and treatment planning. Such consultation is not possible for the increasing... | The current study may be the largest prospective series on CIC to date, and the only direct comparison of its results for microcalcifications versus parenchymal lesions. Breast CIC is a reliable predictor of core histology. The information this study provides can be used to clinical advantage. | yes |
16,627,985 | Does oral ingestion of streptococcus thermophilus diminish severity of small intestinal mucositis in methotrexate treated rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Currently, there are no available effective preventative or adjunctive agents to alleviate symptoms of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. This is compounded by the absence of a recognized and validated noninvasive biomarker to assess gut function. This study investigated the effects of orally ingest... | Oral ingestion of TH-4 at 10(9) cfu/mL is capable of partially attenuating small bowel damage in rats. The noninvasive SBT is a useful technique to longitudinally assess the efficacy of treatments or interventions for small bowel disease. | yes |
16,627,981 | Does adenoviral vector expressing CYLD augment antitumor activity of TRAIL by suppression of NF-kappaB survival signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"CYLD is a tumor suppressor gene related to cylindroma and is negative regulator of NF-kappaB. However, antitumor effect of CYLD has not been reported. The activation of NF-kappaB induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) renders hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resi... | CYLD inhibits TRAIL-mediated NF-kappaB activation and enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to TRAIL-triggered apoptosis. The combined delivery of Ad/hTERT-CYLD and ZD55-TRAIL may be a new useful strategy for HCC or other tumor cells with enhanced NF-kappaB activity. | yes |
16,651,285 | Does therapy with gastric acidity inhibitors increase the risk of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastric acidity (GA) inhibitors, including histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), are the mainstay of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment. A prolonged GA inhibitor-induced hypochlorhydria has been suggested as a risk factor for severe gastro... | This is the first prospective study performed in pediatric patients showing that the use of GA inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia in GERD-affected children. It could be interesting to underline that we observed an increased incidence of intestinal ... | yes |
16,647,279 | Is expression of the cadherin-11 gene a discriminative factor between articular and growth plate chondrocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcification of hypertrophic chondrocytes is the final step in the differentiation of growth plates, although the precise mechanism is not known. We have established two growth plate-derived chondrocyte cell lines, MMR14 and MMR17, from p53-/- mice (Nakamata T, Aoyama T, Okamoto T, Hosaka T, Nis... | Although the physiological role is still unclear, Cdh-11 is a discriminative factor between articular and growth plate chondrocytes. | yes |
16,641,594 | Is 24-week oral ganciclovir prophylaxis in kidney recipients associated with reduced symptomatic cytomegalovirus disease compared to a 12-week course? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with reduced graft and patient survival among kidney recipients. The highest risk of CMV infection occurs in CMV-naive recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors (D+/R-). Optimal CMV prophylaxis is not established. This prospective cohort study co... | Oral ganciclovir prophylaxis for 24 weeks is associated with a lower risk of symptomatic CMV disease than a 12-week course in high risk D+/R- kidney recipients. | yes |
16,634,996 | Does insulin stimulate arterial neointima formation in normal rats after balloon injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin resistance in patients is associated with increased atherosclerosis and arterial restenosis. It is thought that the concomitant hyperinsulinaemia exacerbates vascular disease because resistance to insulin-induced glucose disposal is associated with resistance to certain effects of insulin... | The effects of hyperinsulinaemia which promote neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury of rat carotid artery predominate over the effects which inhibit it even in normal animals. | yes |
16,641,657 | Is primary care patients ' involvement in decision-making associated with improvement in depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Depression is undertreated in primary care settings. Little research investigates the impact of patient involvement in decisions on guideline-concordant treatment and depression outcomes.",
"The objective of this study was to determine whether patient involvement in decision-making is associa... | Depressed patients with higher ratings of involvement in medical decisions have a higher probability of receiving guideline-concordant care and improving their symptoms over an 18-month period. Interventions to increase patient involvement in decision-making may be an important means of improving care for and outcomes ... | yes |
16,635,054 | Are malaysian Indians genetically similar to Caucasians : CYP2C9 polymorphism? | {
"contexts": [
"CYP2C9 is one of the major drug metabolizing enzymes for many drugs including warfarin, NSAIDs and losartan. It is polymorphic in many populations. Data on the distribution of CYP2C9 and the implication of CYP2C9 polymorphism in the Malaysian population is lacking. Our objectives were therefore t... | CYP2C9*2 and *3 were identified in our population. Indians are similar to Caucasians in terms of CYP2C9 genotypes and thus may respond to CYP2C9 substrates differently when compared with the Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. | yes |
16,627,180 | Is the child perception questionnaire valid for malocclusions in the United Kingdom? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to validate the child perception questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)) with a sample of schoolchildren in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.",
"We made a longitudinal survey of children from 1999 to 2002, using the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) at baseline whe... | CPQ(11-14) has acceptable reliability and validity, and is likely to be a useful measure for orthodontic trials. The impact of malocclusion on a child's quality of life might be substantial. | yes |
16,632,030 | Is urinary beta2-microglobulin associated with acute renal allograft rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"Identifying urinary biomarkers associated with acute rejection (AR) of kidney allografts could improve recipient care by allowing AR to be diagnosed noninvasively and treated earlier. We attempted to identify novel biomarkers associated with AR by analyzing urinary proteins by using matrix-associ... | Beta2-microglobulin could be a strong biomarker for AR if used in conjunction with other biomarkers, producing an AR-specific urinary protein signature. This possibility must be confirmed in a larger cohort of kidney transplant recipients. | yes |
16,645,722 | Is suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid effective in preclinical studies of medulloblastoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has been studied in adult solid and hematologic malignancies. However, little information has been reported on the effects of SAHA on central nervous system (CNS) tumors including medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. We investi... | SAHA effectively induces cell death in established medulloblastoma cell lines, human patient primary tumor cultures, medulloblastoma xenografts and intracranial spontaneous medulloblastomas. Fibroblasts in culture and mice treated with SAHA did not reveal prohibitive toxicity profiles. These findings support the advanc... | yes |
16,644,300 | Does homocysteine enhance apoptosis in human bone marrow stromal cells? | {
"contexts": [
"High plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with increased risk of fracture. Since Hcy has been shown to induce apoptosis in many cell types, including vascular endothelial cells, we hypothesized that Hcy would have a similar apoptotic effect on osteoblasts, leading to osteoporosis... | These results suggest that Hcy induces apoptosis via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and NF-kappaB activation in hBMSCs, and that Hcy may contribute to the development of osteoporosis by reducing bone formation. Antioxidants may have a role in preventing bone loss in individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia. | yes |
16,630,464 | Does [ Pitavastatin enhance angiogenesis and perfusion in a murine mode of limb ischemia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the effects of pitavastatin on angiogenesis and perfusion in C3H/He mice with unilateral hind limb ischemia.",
"C3H/He mice treated with saline (n = 15) or pitavastatin (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), n = 15) per gavage for 1 week underwent unilateral hind limb ischemia surgery and were t... | Pitavastatin enhances angiogenesis and perfusion in CsH/He mice with limb ischemia. | yes |
16,643,227 | Do volatile anaesthetics depolarize neural mitochondria by inhibiton of the electron transport chain? | {
"contexts": [
"The mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) controls the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species, and sequesteration of intracellular Ca2+[Ca2+]i. Clinical concentrations of sevoflurane affect the DeltaPsim in neural mitochondria, but the mechanisms remain elus... | Isoflurane and sevoflurane may act as metabolic inhibitors by depolarizing pre-synaptic mitochondria through inhibition of the electron transport chain, although isoflurane seems to inhibit mitochondrial function more significantly than sevoflurane. Both agents inhibit the respiratory chain sufficiently to cause ATP sy... | yes |
16,643,221 | Does pre-operative measurement of heart rate variability predict hypotension during general anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Peri-operative hymodynamic instability is one of the major concerns for anesthesiologists when performing general anesthesia for individuals with autonomic dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential usage of pre-operative measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) in ide... | Spectral analysis of HRV is a sensitive method for detecting individuals who may be at risk of BP instability during general anesthesia but may not have apparent CAN according to traditional tests of autonomic function. | yes |
16,643,228 | Does bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation maintain adequate ventilation in post-polio patients with respiratory failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients suffering from post-polio syndrome still contribute significantly to the number of patients with chronic respiratory failure requiring home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Many of these patients are treated either with invasive (tracheostomy) or non-invasive (nasal mask) controlled mechani... | In this study, it was shown that bi-level PSV reduces the oxygen cost of breathing and gave a significant decrease in PaCO2 in PPS patients. These data suggest that bi-level PSV ventilation maintains adequate ventilation in patients who suffer from post-polio syndrome with respiratory failure. | yes |
16,643,229 | Does small-dose perfluorocarbon reduce the recruitment pressure needed to open surfactant-deficient atelectatic lungs? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of a small dose of perfluorocarbon on the recruitment pressure needed to open atelectatic lung areas.",
"In 12 Yorkshire pigs (body weight, 9 kg), lung injury was induced by whole lung lavage. After 1 h of conventional ventilation, an open l... | The instillation of a small amount of perfluorocarbon significantly reduces the opening pressures needed to recruit atelectatic lung areas. | yes |
16,635,293 | Does [ Lamivudine administration prevent fulminant hepatic failure in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of using lamivudine to prevent fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.",
"164 patients were randomly put into a conventional supporting treatment control group and a lamivudine treatment group. In the latter, 82 patients were given lamivudine ... | Our results suggest that lamivudine administration with improved support care not only is likely to prevent chronic severe hepatitis occurrence in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B of a severe degree, but also shows some efficacy in preventing FHF. | yes |
16,648,012 | Is number of lymph node metastases better predictor of prognosis than level of lymph node metastasis in patients with node-positive colon cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for colon cancer patients. Survival is also related to the number and level of positive lymph nodes (PLNs). Definitions of degree of PLNs for colon cancer differ greatly between the number and level of PLNs.",
"The aim of this stud... | In node-positive colon cancer, number of PLNs predicted prognosis better than level of PLNs. | yes |
16,651,649 | Are objective cancer-related variables associated with depressive symptoms in women treated for early-stage breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Women with breast cancer are thought to be vulnerable to depression for reasons associated with impact of diagnosis, treatment, and metabolic/endocrine changes. While the literature shows that most of these women do not become clinically depressed, 15% to 30% report elevated depressive symptoms t... | Depressive symptoms in women treated for early-stage breast cancer are not associated with objective cancer-related factors. Rather, they are most strongly linked with many subjective psychosocial variables. | no |
16,635,704 | Is referent d-dimer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing of limited value in the exclusion of thromboembolic disease : result of a practical study in an ED? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to assess in clinical practice the accuracy of a referent d-dimer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the exclusion of venous thromboembolic disease (VTED).",
"An observational prospective study took place in an emergency department; 205 consecutive outpatients sus... | In our cohort of patients, DD was less accurate than previously reported, with an upper estimate of the sensitivity of only 87%. | yes |
16,635,917 | Do immune status and inflammatory response differ locally and systemically in severe acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder that develops a complex cascade of immunological events. The local and systemic immune status and inflammatory response might contribute to the understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and potential treatment.",
"Severe AP w... | The different immune status and inflammatory response in the pancreas and circulating monocytes improve the understanding of the mechanisms by which systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) develop in severe AP. A potential therapeutic approach could be to restore th... | yes |
16,629,789 | Do human airway and peripheral blood eosinophils enhance Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion? | {
"contexts": [
"The effector function of eosinophils involves their release of toxic granule proteins, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and lipid mediators. Murine studies have demonstrated that eosinophils can also enhance T cell function. Whether human eosinophils, in particular, airway eosinophils, have si... | Our data demonstrate that SEB-induced generation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines is increased in the presence of human blood and airway eosinophils. Thus, eosinophils can have an immunoregulatory function in pathogen-associated allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis, and asthma exacerbations. | yes |
16,645,504 | Is t280M variation of the CX3C receptor gene associated with increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent data suggest that immunologic response during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is partially modified through interaction of viral G glycoprotein with the host's chemokine receptor, CX3CR1. We hypothesized that two nonsynonymous, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CX3CR1 gene... | Our findings support the hypothesis of the pivotal role of the G glycoprotein CX3CR1 pathway in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis and propose CX3CR1 as a potential therapeutic target. | yes |
16,651,473 | Does thrombopoietin protect against in vitro and in vivo cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin? | {
"contexts": [
"Doxorubicin (DOX) is an important antineoplastic agent. However, the associated cardiotoxicity, possibly mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species, has remained a significant and dose-limiting clinical problem. Our hypothesis is that the hematopoietic/megakaryocytopoietic growth facto... | These data have provided the first evidence that TPO is a protective agent against DOX-induced cardiac injury. We propose to further explore an integrated program, incorporating TPO with other protocols, for treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and other forms of cardiomyopathy. | yes |
16,638,077 | Do positive symptoms and duration of illness predict functional laterality and attention modulation in schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"Dichotic listening (DL) performance in schizophrenia, reflecting hemispheric asymmetry and the functional integrity of the left temporal lobe, can vary with clinical characteristics. Previous studies have not taken the co-linearity of clinical variables into account. The aim of the present study ... | Positive symptoms predicted reduced functional laterality, suggesting involvement of left temporal lobe language processing. Duration of illness predicted impaired attention modulation, possibly reflecting the involvement of frontotemporal networks. | yes |
16,638,131 | Does a high density of ancient spliceosomal introns in oxymonad excavate? | {
"contexts": [
"Certain eukaryotic genomes, such as those of the amitochondriate parasites Giardia and Trichomonas, have very low intron densities, so low that canonical spliceosomal introns have only recently been discovered through genome sequencing. These organisms were formerly thought to be ancient eukaryot... | The Streblomastix data show that the genome of the ancestor of excavates likely contained many introns and the subsequent evolution of introns has proceeded very differently in different excavate lineages: in Streblomastix there has been much stasis while in Trichomonas and Giardia most introns have been lost. | yes |
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