pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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16,647,917 | Are intrinsic racial differences in the risk of cesarean delivery explained by differences in caregivers or hospital site of delivery? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to assess whether racial differences in the risk of cesarean delivery result from differing practices of their caregivers or the hospitals at which they deliver.",
"A retrospective cohort study was performed using the Perinatal Database of the Memorial Health Care Sy... | Hospital site of delivery and individual physician practices do not fully explain racial differences in the risk of primary cesarean delivery. | no |
16,647,919 | Is signaling via the type I IL-1 and TNF receptors necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model? | {
"contexts": [
"We have shown previously that interleukin 1 (IL-1) signaling is not necessary for bacterially induced preterm delivery in mice. We now test whether combined signaling of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is critical for this process.",
"Female mice lacking the type I receptors for IL-1 and... | The combination of IL-1 and TNF signaling plays a critical role in bacterially induced labor and myometrial COX-2 production in the mouse. Cervical gene expression patterns during bacterially induced preterm labor suggest fundamental differences from spontaneous term labor in the cervical ripening process. | yes |
16,636,118 | Does change in cortical bone density and its distribution differ between boys and girls during puberty? | {
"contexts": [
"Postmenarchal girls and premenopausal women have 3-4% higher cortical bone density (CoD, milligrams per cubic centimeter), compared with postpubertal boys and men, respectively. Females' denser cortical bone is thought to serve as a calcium reservoir for reproductive needs. However, prospective d... | Our findings of sexual dimorphism in CoD development give support to the hypothesis that female bone deposits calcium for reproductive needs by consolidation of cortical bone during puberty. | yes |
16,636,119 | Are interleukin-1 system gene polymorphisms associated with fat mass in young men? | {
"contexts": [
"There is growing evidence for interactions between the regulation of body fat and the immune system. Studies of knockout mice indicate that IL-1 has an antiobesity effect.",
"The objective of the study was to investigate our hypothesis that common polymorphisms of the IL-1 system, which are a... | The IL-1 system, recently shown to affect fat mass in experimental animals, contains gene polymorphisms that are associated with fat mass in young men. | yes |
16,649,968 | Does treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole during adolescence increase near-final height in boys with constitutional delay of puberty? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether inhibition of oestrogen biosynthesis with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, during adolescence improves near-final height in boys with constitutional delay of puberty.",
"Seventeen boys with constitutional delay of puberty were randomized to receive testosterone (T) ... | Our findings indicate that in adolescent boys an increase in adult height can be attained by use of aromatase inhibitors. | yes |
16,635,210 | Are multiple thrombophilic gene mutations rather than specific gene mutations risk factors for recurrent miscarriage? | {
"contexts": [
"Recurrent miscarriage is a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thrombophilia has been accepted as an etiology of recurrent miscarriage, the contribution of specific inherited thrombophilic genes to this disorder has remained controversial. We compared the prevalence of 10 thrombop... | Inherited thrombophilias are associated with recurrent miscarriage. This association is manifest by total number of mutations rather than specific genes involved. | yes |
16,635,219 | Do h. pylori genotypes and cytokine gene polymorphisms influence the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia in a Chinese population? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytokine gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori (HP) genotypes have been linked to gastric cancer development in Western countries. We determined the role of host cytokine polymorphisms and bacterial virulent factors in the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) in a Chinese popula... | The carriage of proinflammatory IL-1B-511 and HP vacA m1 genotypes was associated with the development of gastric IM in the Chinese. | yes |
16,630,339 | Does prenatal origin of childhood AML occur less frequently than in childhood ALL? | {
"contexts": [
"While there is enough convincing evidence in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the data on the pre-natal origin in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are less comprehensive. Our study aimed to screen Guthrie cards (neonatal blood spots) of non-infant childhood AML and ALL patients... | In the largest cohort examined so far we used identical approach for the backtracking of non-infant childhood ALL and AML. Our data suggest that either the prenatal origin of AML is less frequent or the load of pre-leukemic cells is significantly lower at birth in AML compared to ALL cases. | yes |
16,643,655 | Are the molecular portraits of breast tumors conserved across microarray platforms? | {
"contexts": [
"Validation of a novel gene expression signature in independent data sets is a critical step in the development of a clinically useful test for cancer patient risk-stratification. However, validation is often unconvincing because the size of the test set is typically small. To overcome this proble... | This study validates the "breast tumor intrinsic" subtype classification as an objective means of tumor classification that should be translated into a clinical assay for further retrospective and prospective validation. In addition, our method of combining existing data sets can be used to robustly validate the potent... | yes |
16,634,752 | Does phospholipid composition control thromboplastin sensitivity to individual clotting factors? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue factor is the active ingredient in thromboplastin reagents used to perform prothrombin time (PT) clotting tests to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy and to screen for clotting factor deficiencies. Thromboplastins are complex mixtures prepared from extracts of brain or placenta, although n... | Differing sensitivities of thromboplastin reagents to individual clotting factor levels have implications for monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy and interpreting results of the PT assay. | yes |
16,634,096 | Does smoking affect treatment outcome in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the current study was to determine whether smoking during chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) affects treatment outcome.",
"The authors reviewed the medical records of patients with NSCLC (AJCC Stage III or IV) who were treated with fron... | Never-smokers were found to have an improved outcome over smokers when treated with chemotherapy. | yes |
16,644,777 | Do renal function and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations predict parathyroid hormone levels in renal transplant patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent guidelines suggest supplementation with ergocalciferol (vitamin D(2)) in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 patients with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels <75 nmol/l. These guidelines are also applied to renal transplant patients. However,... | We conclude that 25OHD deficiency and insufficiency are common in renal transplant patients and may exacerbate secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, 25OHD, eGFR and phosphate only account for 19% of the variability in PTH levels. In addition, even a large increase in serum 25OHD levels is likely to result in only a s... | yes |
16,627,343 | Is transduction with a fiber-modified adenoviral vector superior to non-viral nucleofection for expressing tumor-associated Ag mucin-1 in human DC? | {
"contexts": [
"DC-presenting tumor Ag are currently being developed to be used as a vaccine in human cancer immunotherapy. To increase the chances for successful therapy it is important to deliver full-length tumor Ag instead of loading single peptides. Methodologically, several recombinant DNA delivery techniq... | The use of the fiber-modified adenoviral vector presented here may therefore be favorable compared with non-viral gene delivery systems for DC that will be used in cancer immunotherapy. | yes |
16,626,580 | Is [ Early ST resolution after successful primary PCI related to a favorable outcome in ST elevated AMI patients ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the relationship between the early ST resolution magnitude and TIMI flow, MACE and the cardiac function in ST elevated AMI (STEMI) patients after successful primary PCI.",
"A total of 120 consecutive patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI within 12 hours after the onset of chest... | Early ST resolution post PCI represents improved myocardial perfusion and function and is related to a favorable clinical outcome in STEMI patients. | yes |
16,626,585 | Are [ Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide key mediators for vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation induced by insulin-like growth factor-I ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the role and related mechanisms of heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) on VSMCs proliferation induced by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).",
"VSMCs isolated from rabbit aorta were cultured in vitro and proliferation was induced by IGF-I. Hemin (a substrate and inducer ... | Endogenous HO-1 and CO are important mediators for inhibiting IGF-I induced VSMCs proliferation by reducing VSMCs DNA synthesis and decelerating cell cycle progression. | yes |
16,645,174 | Does vascular endothelial growth factor modulate matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are mediators of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma.",
"This study investigates a potential relationship between VEGF and MMP-9, and the mechanisms by which VEGF signaling regulates MMP-9 expression in ... | These results indicate that there is a close relationship between VEGF and MMP-9 expression and that inhibition of VEGF receptor down-regulates the expression of MMP-9. These findings suggest that VEGF signaling regulates MMP-9 expression and plays a critical role in initiation and maintenance of asthma. | yes |
16,634,783 | Do products of cyclooxygenase-2 depress duodenal function in rats subjected to abdominal surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Abdominal surgery evokes powerful biological responses that affect gastrointestinal functions. Here we investigate the role of the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoforms in post-operative duodenal ileus.",
"Proximal duodenum of anesthetized rats was perfused in situ wi... | Abdominal surgery increases the synthesis of prostanoids, particularly via the COX-2 isoform. This compromises the ability of the duodenum to contract and to secrete HCO and to adjust luminal osmolality possibly via altered mucosal permeability. It is proposed that studies of gastrointestinal functions in animals subje... | yes |
16,634,780 | Does gating of the expressed T-type Cav3.1 calcium channels is modulate by Ca2+? | {
"contexts": [
"We have investigated the influence of Ca2+ ions on the basic biophysical properties of T-type calcium channels.",
"The Cav3.1 calcium channel was transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells. Current was measured using the whole cell patch clamp technique. Ca2+ or Na+ ions were used as charge carri... | Ca2+ ions facilitate transitions of Cav3.1 channel from open into closed and inactivated states as well as backwards transition from inactivated into closed state, possibly by interacting with its voltage sensor. | yes |
16,647,411 | Is single dose of anti-D immune globulin at 75 microg/kg as effective as intravenous immune globulin at rapidly raising the platelet count in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children? | {
"contexts": [
"To conduct a randomized prospective trial of immune globulin treatment for 105 Rh+ children with newly-diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura and a platelet count<20,000/microL, to determine whether anti-D immune globulin (anti-D) is as effective as intravenous immune globulin (IVIg).",
"E... | A single 75 microg/kg dose of Anti-D raised the platelet count in children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura more rapidly than standard-dose anti-D and as effectively as IVIg, with an acceptable safety profile. | yes |
16,647,412 | Do plant stanols restore endothelial function in pre-pubertal children with familial hypercholesterolemia despite reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effect of plant stanols on lipids and endothelial function in pre-pubertal children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).",
"Children with FH (n=42), aged 7-12 years, were enrolled in a double-blind crossover trial, in which they consumed 500 mL of a low-fat yogurt enriched ... | This study demonstrates that plant stanols reduce LDL-C levels in children with FH without improving endothelial function. | no |
16,644,272 | Does predictability of the target stimulus for sensory-guided movement modulate early somatosensory cortical potentials? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of sensory modulation in the control of sensory-guided behaviour. Specifically, we hypothesized that early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) would be facilitated during performance of continuous sensory-guided movement requiring sustained attention.",
"Median nerv... | Sustained attention to task-relevant sensory stimuli differentially modulates areas within primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during a continuous sensory-motor transformation. | yes |
16,625,581 | Does clotting factor concentrate given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B? | {
"contexts": [
"People with severe hemophilia A or B, X-linked bleeding disorders due to decreased blood levels of coagulants, suffer recurrent bleeding into joints and soft tissues. Before clotting factor concentrates were available, most people with severe hemophilia developed crippling musculoskeletal deformi... | There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to determine whether prophylactic clotting factor concentrates decrease bleeding and bleeding-related complications in hemophilia A or B, compared to placebo, on-demand treatment, or prophylaxis based on pharmacokinetic data from individuals. Well-designe... | yes |
16,630,178 | Is t ( 14 ; 18 ) ( q32 ; q21 ) involving IGH and MALT1 uncommon in cutaneous MALT lymphomas and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas? | {
"contexts": [
"t(14;18)(q32;q21) involving IGH and MALT1 has been demonstrated in cutaneous MALT lymphomas and in one case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the incidence of IGH/MALT1 translocations in these forms of cutaneous lymphoma remains unclear.",
"We performed para... | This study demonstrates that translocations involving MALT1, including IGH/MALT1, are uncommon in cutaneous MALT lymphomas and primary cutaneous DLBCL. Other translocations involving IGH also are not involved in the pathogenesis of at least most cutaneous MALT lymphomas. In contrast, primary cutaneous DLBCL may contain... | yes |
16,649,193 | Is lIGHT ( TNFSF14 ) , a novel mediator of bone resorption , elevated in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Human osteoclast formation from mononuclear phagocyte precursors involves interactions between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily members and their receptors. LIGHT is a transmembrane protein expressed and shed from the surface of activated T cells. Since activated T cells have been i... | Our results indicate that LIGHT promotes RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and that it can induce osteoclast formation by a mechanism independent of RANKL. The increased concentration of LIGHT in patients with RA raises the possibility that LIGHT may play a role in immunopathogenic conditions that are associated with l... | yes |
16,631,142 | Does chronic ethanol drinking reduce native T-type calcium current in the thalamus of nonhuman primates? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic ethanol use is known to disrupt normal sleep rhythms, but the cellular basis for this disruption is unknown. An important contributor to normal sleep patterns is a low-threshold calcium current mediated by T-type calcium channels. The T-type calcium current underlies burst responses in th... | We conclude that chronic ethanol self-administration reduces calcium currents in thalamic relay cells without altering underlying current kinetics, which may provide a mechanistic framework for the well-documented disruptions in sleep/wake behavior in subjects with chronic ethanol exposure. | yes |
16,631,626 | Is inhibition of basic leucine zipper transcription a major mediator of atrial dilatation? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia. Atrial dilatation, a predictor of atrial fibrillation, is thought to result from increased ventricular pressure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for atrial dilatation are largely unknown.... | Expression of basic leucine zipper transcription inhibitors is sufficient to results in atrial dilatation. This dilatation is acquired postnatally and is reversible. Thus, basic leucine zipper transcription inhibitors may be a relevant therapeutic target for preventing atrial dilatation and atrial fibrillation. | yes |
16,632,709 | Does mRI feature after radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma with cooled probes and impedance-control energy delivery? | {
"contexts": [
"The purposes of our study were to determine the temporal changes in MR signal in bone after radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma and the size of the zone of marrow signal change produced by the radiofrequency technique and to compare the size of the zone with published data for radiofrequen... | MRI allows detection of temporal marrow signal change after radiofrequency ablation. The marrow signal change with a high-energy delivery protocol is larger than manual-control protocols. | yes |
16,628,085 | Is xIAP related to the chemoresistance and inhibited its expression by RNA interference sensitize pancreatic carcinoma cells to chemotherapeutics? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the exact role does the x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) play in chemoresistance of pancreatic carcinoma cell and the cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs changed after XIAP is inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi).",
"Pancreatic carcinoma cell line SW1990 was exposed to... | XIAP is one of the most important factors in the pancreatic carcinoma chemoresistance, and inhibition of XIAP in pancreatic carcinoma can enhance the cancer sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. | yes |
16,627,395 | Do diets fail : the success of medical nutrition therapy in patients with diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"To emphasize the importance of medical nutrition therapy in the overall management of diabetes.",
"Published reports of the effectiveness of nutrition intervention in glycemic control are reviewed, and useful strategies for implementation of lifestyle changes in patients with diabetes are dis... | The health-care team can provide practical and useful information to patients with diabetes that will improve management of their disease and enhance their well-being. | no |
16,627,360 | Does exercise training produce nonuniform increases in arteriolar density of rat soleus and gastrocnemius muscle? | {
"contexts": [
"Exercise training has been shown to increase regional blood flow capacity to muscle tissue containing fibers that experience increased activity during exercise. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the increased blood flow capacity is partially the result of increases in arte... | Increases in blood flow capacity produced in Gr and Gw by ET appear to be due in part to increased arteriolar density. In contrast, increased arteriolar density does not contribute to increased blood flow capacity of Gw in IST rats. | yes |
16,643,674 | Do astrocytes derived from glial-restricted precursors promote spinal cord repair? | {
"contexts": [
"Transplantation of embryonic stem or neural progenitor cells is an attractive strategy for repair of the injured central nervous system. Transplantation of these cells alone to acute spinal cord injuries has not, however, resulted in robust axon regeneration beyond the sites of injury. This may b... | Pre-differentiation of glial precursors into GDAs before transplantation into spinal cord injuries leads to significantly improved outcomes over precursor cell transplantation, providing both a novel strategy and a highly effective new cell type for repairing CNS injuries. | yes |
16,643,556 | Is color vision but not visual attention altered in migraine? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine visual search performance in migraine and headache-free control groups and to determine whether reports of selective color vision deficits in migraine occur preattentively.",
"Visual search is a classic technique to measure certain components of visual attention. The technique can ... | The pattern of results indicates that there are no overall differences in search performance between migraine and control groups. The differences found for the S-cone colors are attributed to impaired discrimination of these colors in migraine and not to differences in attention. | yes |
16,648,507 | Does chemotherapy regimen predict steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"Chemotherapy before resection of hepatic colorectal metastases (CRM) may cause hepatic injury and affect postoperative outcome.",
"Four hundred six patients underwent hepatic resection of CRM between 1992 and 2005. Pathologic review of the nontumorous liver was performed using established cri... | Steatohepatitis is associated with an increased 90-day mortality after hepatic surgery. In patients with hepatic CRM, the chemotherapy regimen should be carefully considered because the risk of hepatotoxicity is significant. | yes |
16,625,118 | Does hypertonic saline resuscitation prevent hydrostatically induced intestinal edema and ileus? | {
"contexts": [
"We have shown that acute edema induced by mesenteric venous hypertension (MV-HTN) impairs intestinal transit and reduces the standardized engineering measures of intestinal stiffness (elastic modulus) and residual stress (opening angle). We hypothesized that hypertonic saline (7.5%) would reverse... | Hypertonic saline prevented intestinal tissue edema. In addition, hypertonic saline improved intestinal transit, possibly through more efficient transmission of muscle force through stiffer intestinal tissue. | yes |
16,625,113 | Are commercial human albumin preparations for clinical use immunosuppressive in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously reported significant variations in oxidation status and molecular length among sources and lots of human serum albumin (HSA) commercial preparations intended for clinical use. In this report, we investigated what effect the presence of HSA products have on the immune response in vit... | DA-DKP was present in significant concentrations in all HSA sources tested and was partially responsible for the immunosuppressive effects of HSA on activated PBMCs and T-lymphocytes in vitro. In view of these findings, administering HSA to immunocompromised critically ill patients might be reevaluated. | yes |
16,625,117 | Does hypertonic saline enhance host defense to bacterial challenge by augmenting Toll-like receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether hypertonic saline infusion modulates thermal injury-induced bacterial translocation and host response to bacterial challenge through the augmentation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs).",
"Prospective, experimental study.",
"Research laboratory at a university hospital.",
... | Restoration of extracellular fluid in burn shock with hypertonic saline decreased thermal injury-induced bacterial translocation. Hypertonic saline increased the phagocytic activity and TLR2, TLR4, CXCR2, pp38, and P44/42 expression of peritoneal cells. Hypertonic saline decreased reactive oxygen species but increased ... | yes |
16,626,518 | Does engagement of PSGL-1 enhance beta ( 2 ) -integrin-involved adhesion of neutrophils to recombinant ICAM-1? | {
"contexts": [
"The interactions of selectins and their ligands initiate the process of leukocyte migrating into inflamed tissue. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is the best characterized ligand of selectins, and has been demonstrated to mediate the adhesion of leukocytes to all three selectins in vivo... | The PSGL-1-transduced signals can enhance beta(2)-integrin-involved adhesion of neutrophils to the recombinant ICAM-1, and this process depends on the dynamics of cytoskeleton. | yes |
16,650,044 | Are aDAM33 polymorphisms associated with asthma susceptibility in a Japanese population? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma is the most common chronic disorder in childhood, and asthma exacerbation is an important cause of childhood morbidity and hospitalization. Asthma is believed to be a complex disorder involving genetic and environmental factors, and several asthma susceptibility loci have been identified t... | Our results confirm the involvement of ADAM33 in the development of childhood asthma among the Japanese. | yes |
16,634,039 | Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha contribute to below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Our objective was to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for below-level pain after partial spinal cord injury (SCI).",
"We used lateral hemisection to model central neuropathic pain and herpes simplex viral (HSV) vector-mediated transfer of the cleaved soluble receptor for tumor necrosis fa... | These results suggest that expression of mTNF-alpha after injury is related to development of pain, and that reverse signaling through mTNF-alpha by sTNFR at that level reduces cellular markers of inflammatory response and pain-related behavior. | yes |
16,633,764 | Does preoperative administration of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil reduce postoperative pain for spinal fusion surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to investigate postoperative analgesia and the opioid-sparing effect of the preoperative administration of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery.",
"Thirty-six patients were randomly allocated into one of three groups. Group A re... | As compared with postoperative administration, preoperative administration of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil provides better postoperative analgesia and an opioid-sparing effect in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery under general anesthesia. | yes |
16,634,080 | Does the Mine Safety and Health Administration 's criterion threshold value policy increase miners ' risk of pneumoconiosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) proposes to issue citations for non-compliance with the exposure limit for respirable coal mine dust when measured exposure exceeds the exposure limit with a \"high degree of confidence.\" This criterion threshold value (CTV) is derived from the sa... | Citations for non-compliance with the respirable dust standard should be issued for any measure exposure that exceeds the exposure limit. | yes |
16,627,789 | Are rates of delayed rebleeding from intracranial aneurysms low after surgical and endovascular treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Although results of the randomized International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial suggested that coil embolization was superior to surgical clipping 1 year after treatment, a paucity of data on long-term outcomes has been a major concern.",
"In an ambidirectional cohort study, 9 institutions with ... | Rerupture of aneurysms treated by either coil embolization or surgical clipping is rare after the first year. Late retreatment is more common after coil embolization than after clipping but complication rates are low. Thus, late events are unlikely to overwhelm differences between procedures at 1-year follow-up. | yes |
16,627,787 | Does impaired glucose tolerance increase stroke risk in nondiabetic patients with transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"Impaired glucose tolerance, an intermediate metabolic state between normal glucose and diabetes characterized by nonfasting glucose levels between 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L, is associated with an increased stroke risk in patients with coronary heart disease. Whether impaired glucose tolerance increases ... | Impaired glucose tolerance is an independent risk factor for future stroke in nondiabetic patients with TIA or minor ischemic stroke. | yes |
16,638,874 | Does rapamycin inhibit growth of premalignant and malignant mammary lesions in a mouse model of ductal carcinoma in situ? | {
"contexts": [
"Rapamycin has been shown to have antitumor effects in various tumor models. To study the effect of rapamycin at different stages of breast cancer development, we used two unique mouse models of breast cancer with activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Met-1 tumors are highly inva... | In PyV-mT mouse mammary models, rapamycin inhibits the growth of premalignant lesions and invasive tumors. Although the inhibitory effect of rapamycin was striking, rapamycin treatment did not completely obliterate the lesions. | yes |
16,638,872 | Does the bisphosphonate olpadronate inhibit skeletal prostate cancer progression in a green fluorescent protein nude mouse model? | {
"contexts": [
"Metastatic bone disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer patients. Bisphosphonates are currently used to inhibit bone resorption and reduce tumor-induced skeletal complications. More effective bisphosphonates would enhance their clinical value.",
"We te... | The serum calcium, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and osteoprotegerin levels were significantly correlated with GFP area and X-ray scores. Treatment with olpadronate reduced tumor growth in the bone measured by GFP and X-ray imaging procedures. Imaging of GFP expression enables monitoring of tumor growth in the b... | yes |
16,647,573 | Are bone marrow-derived keratinocytes detected in normal skin and only rarely detected in wounded skin in two different murine models? | {
"contexts": [
"Because the ability of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to repopulate tissues and the possible mechanisms of repopulation remain controversial, we used two distinct murine models to determine whether BMDCs can repopulate epidermal keratinocytes during either steady-state homeostasis or after tis... | These results suggest that BMDCs do not significantly contribute to steady-state epidermal homeostasis and are not required or responsible for providing keratinocyte stem cells and keratinocyte repopulation following skin injury. | no |
16,637,948 | Is posttraumatic stress disorder screening status associated with increased VA medical and surgical utilization in women? | {
"contexts": [
"Women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report poor health, but associations with health care utilization are understudied.",
"To determine associations between medical/surgical utilization and PTSD in female Veterans Affairs (VA) patients.",
"Prospective comparison of utilization... | Female veterans who screen PTSD+ receive more VA medical/surgical services. Appropriateness of that care deserves further study. | yes |
16,643,806 | Do [ Application of vital dye CFDA-SE and SNARF-1 to evaluate mixed lymphocyte reaction ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish a new method for more comprehensive evaluation of responsive intensity in one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).",
"CFDA-SE labeled lymphocytes from lymph nodes of BALB/cJ mice were applied as responder cells, and SNARF-1 labeled splenocytes from BALB/cJ or C57BL/6 mice which h... | Our results show that application of vital dye CFDA-SE and SNARF-1, combined with flow cytometry is a powerful tool for evaluation of responsive intensity in one-way MLR. | yes |
16,643,804 | Do [ Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibody against Vibrio cholerae O139 ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To prepare monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Vibrio cholerae O139, which would be used as the gold colloidal reagent strip for rapid detection of O139, and to determine its biological characterization.",
"BALB/c mice were immunized by inactivated Vibrio cholerae O139. Anti-O139 mAbs were prep... | The successful preparation of two anti-O139 mAbs provides a powerful tool for the development of a rapid method of detecting Vibrio cholerae O139 infection. | yes |
16,650,435 | Does increased plasma fibrinogen predict one-year mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for vascular diseases related to atherosclerosis. Its long-term predictive value in stroke survivors is not established. We conducted this study to establish the significance of hyperfibrinogenemia as the possible predictor of 30-day and one-year morta... | Increased concentration of plasma fibrinogen shortly after ischemic stroke independently increases risk of death within one year after stroke. | yes |
16,627,805 | Is degenerative aortic valve stenosis , but not coronary disease , associated with shorter telomere length in the elderly? | {
"contexts": [
"The mechanisms responsible for the age-related increase in the incidence of calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAS) are unclear but may include telomere-driven cellular senescence. Because telomere length varies widely among individuals of the same age, we hypothesized that patients with shorter tel... | In the elderly, calcific aortic stenosis, but not coronary disease, is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length. | yes |
16,627,800 | Does estrogen receptor beta protect the murine heart against left ventricular hypertrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) displays significant gender-based differences. 17beta-estradiol (E2) plays an important role in this process because it can attenuate pressure overload hypertrophy via 2 distinct estrogen receptors (ERs): ERalpha and ERbeta. However, which ER is critically invol... | These findings demonstrate that E2, through ERbeta-mediated mechanisms, protects the murine heart against LVH. | yes |
16,627,801 | Does local heat shock priming promote recanalization of thromboembolized microvasculature by upregulation of plasminogen activators? | {
"contexts": [
"Thromboembolization and subsequent microvascular perfusion failure is implicated in the pathology of a variety of diseases, including transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, and myocardial infarction, and also for the complications after interventional and microsurgical procedures in coronary he... | Heat shock induces endogenous hyperfibrinolysis by upregulation of plasminogen activators that promote recanalization of thromboembolized microvasculature. | yes |
16,627,808 | Does human paraoxonase-1 overexpression inhibit atherosclerosis in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The metabolic syndrome is typified by obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, increased oxidative stress, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant enzyme that prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), is lo... | Our data suggest that in this mouse model of metabolic syndrome, expressing human PON1 inhibited the development of atherosclerosis, probably by reducing the amount of oxidized LDL in plasma and in the plaque, thereby preventing its proatherogenic effects. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human PON1 may be a potent... | yes |
16,628,384 | Does depressed heart rate response to vasodilator stress for myocardial SPECT predict mortality in patients after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"As heart rate (HR) response during vasodilator stress myocardial perfusion studies can be a marker of HR variability, we investigated its prognostic value in patients after myocardial infarction (MI).",
"Subjects were 147 survivors of MI who underwent vasodilator stress thallium-201 scintigra... | HR response, readily attained during vasodilator stress myocardial perfusion studies, may provide useful additional prognostic information in post-MI patients. | yes |
16,641,874 | Is brain natriuretic peptide a reliable indicator of ventilatory abnormalities during cardiopulmonary exercise test in heart failure patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Whether brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a neurohormone marker of ventricular dysfunction, correlates with an enhanced ventilatory response (EVR) during cardiopulmonary exercise test, a well-known predictor of prognosis, in systolic heart failure (HF) is currently unknown.",
"Resting BNP was ... | In systolic HF, plasma BNP is related to an enhanced ventilatory response to exercise and offers a simple and reliable alternative to the cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with inability or contraindications to exercise. | yes |
16,644,348 | Do depression symptoms predict heart rate recovery after treadmill stress testing? | {
"contexts": [
"Altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning may help to explain the relationship between depression and cardiac mortality. Heart rate (HR) recovery after the cessation of a treadmill stress test assesses ANS functioning and predicts mortality. This study examined the relationship between d... | These findings confirm that depression is characterized by dysregulation of the ANS and implicate impaired exercise capacity as a potential mechanism. | yes |
16,644,341 | Does nT-probrain natriuretic peptide predict complexity and severity of the coronary lesions in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes? | {
"contexts": [
"NT-probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and adverse outcome in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS). However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this association have not been wel... | In this study of patients with NSTEACS, NT-proBNP levels progressively increase with the severity of CAD and degree of LV dysfunction. Increased levels of NT-proBNP independently predict the presence of more complex coronary lesions. | yes |
16,644,343 | Is tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ( TIMP-1 ) an independent predictor of all-cause mortality , cardiac mortality , and myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors have been implicated in both vascular and ventricular remodeling, and in atherosclerotic plaque rupture. The prognostic value of plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels in patients with established or suspected coronary artery ... | In a cohort of male patients undergoing coronary angiography, a single baseline determination of plasma TIMP-1 is independently predictive of the subsequent risk of death and MI. | yes |
16,625,700 | Are alterations in intestinal contractility during inflammation caused by both smooth muscle damage and specific receptor-mediated mechanisms? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate motoric intestinal disturbances during inflammation with Trichinella spiralis in rats as an experimental model.",
"We examined the changes in worm-positive (jejunum) and worm-free (ileum) intestinal segments of rats infected with T. spiralis. To investigate the relationship betwee... | Alterations in intestinal smooth muscle function do not require the presence of the parasite and the absence of histopathological signs of inflammation do not warrant intact motor function. Changes in motor responses after T. spiralis infection are not only due to smooth muscle damage but also to disturbances in specif... | yes |
16,647,710 | Does mitral annular calcification predict mortality and coronary artery disease in end stage renal disease? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to determine whether mitral annular calcification (MAC) predicts mortality and cardiac disease in a group of renal transplant candidates.",
"Hundred and forty patients were prospectively studied. All had echocardiography and coronary angiography. Significant coronary artery disease ... | MAC is associated with increased mortality and significant CAD in ESRD. These patients have increased LV cavity size, poorer LV systolic function, higher LV filling pressures compared to patients without MAC. | yes |
16,641,869 | Does ethanol abrogate angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell growth? | {
"contexts": [
"Aberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is one of the etiological factors for hypertension and stroke. Angiotensin II (Ang II) and ethanol (EtOH) have been shown to modulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) individually, but the combined effects of Ang I... | These results suggest that EtOH elicits a regulatory effect on the Ang II signaling pathway. | yes |
16,643,667 | Do histological staining methods preparatory to laser capture microdissection significantly affect the integrity of the cellular RNA? | {
"contexts": [
"Gene expression profiling by microarray analysis of cells enriched by laser capture microdissection (LCM) faces several technical challenges. Frozen sections yield higher quality RNA than paraffin-imbedded sections, but even with frozen sections, the staining methods used for histological identif... | RNA damage can occur during the staining steps preparatory to laser capture microdissection, with the consequence of loss of representation of certain genes in microarray hybridization analysis. Inclusion of RNAase inhibitor in aqueous staining solutions appears to be important in protecting RNA from loss of gene trans... | yes |
16,636,188 | Does macrophage metalloelastase accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis in transgenic rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"Macrophage metalloelastase (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-12) is upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions and aneurysm; thus, increased MMP-12 activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the pathological roles of MMP-12 in the initiation and progression of ... | Overexpression of MMP-12 causes accelerated atherosclerosis in Tg rabbits. These results suggest that macrophage-derived MMP-12 participates in the progression of atherosclerosis. | yes |
16,637,073 | Does conditional expression of PTEN alter the androgen responsiveness of prostate cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is lost as a function of prostate tumor androgen dependence. While the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR) is inhibited by PTEN in androgen sensitive prostate cancer (CaP), the role of PTEN in androgen disease is un... | PTEN induction confers androgen independent CaP cells enhanced responsiveness to the anti-proliferative effects of anti-androgens and this action may involve non-AR mediated effects. | yes |
16,627,347 | Does sCF modulate organ distribution and hematopoietic engraftment of CB-derived pluripotent HPC transplanted in NOD/SCID mice? | {
"contexts": [
"During the engraftment process of transplanted HPC, the beta 1 integrins play an important role. An increased expression and adhesive function of these integrins has been shown in hematopoietic cell lines and peripheral blood-derived HPC after stimulation with SCF. In this study, we investigated ... | Our results indicate that stimulation with SCF modulates the tissue distribution of the progeny of the transplanted cells and improves the hematopoietic engraftment potential of transplanted CB cells. | yes |
16,626,608 | Are urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 expressed by the human placenta , deciduas , and fetal membranes? | {
"contexts": [
"Urocortin 2 (UCN2) and urocortin 3 (UCN 3) are recently identified neuropeptides showing homology to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). In the present study, we evaluated their expression and localization in gestational tissues (placenta, decidua, fetal membranes), and their effect on placenta... | Gestational tissues differentially express UCN2 and UCN3 and, despite their homology to CRF, they did not stimulate placental ACTH secretion. | yes |
16,650,948 | Is psychiatric morbidity related to a chain of prenatal and perinatal adversities? | {
"contexts": [
"Most studies on the effects of early risk factors on future mental health focus on specific obstetric complications as risk factors for specific disorders. However, obstetric complications rarely occur in isolation, and the same holds for psychiatric problems.",
"To study prenatal and perinat... | Research and prevention strategies should not focus solely on isolated early risk factors, but also on the entire pre- and perinatal situation. | yes |
16,644,785 | Is increased disease activity associated with a deteriorated lipid profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular mortality is increased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. A possible explanation might be a more prevalent atherogenic lipid profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis than in the general population. It has been postulated that inflammation deteriorates the lipid profile... | Increase in disease activity was associated with decreases in lipid levels. The decrease in HDLc levels tended to be almost twice as large as the decrease in total cholesterol levels, resulting in a more atherogenic lipid profile. Hence, effective treatment of disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis ma... | yes |
16,651,316 | Is prolonged indomethacin exposure associated with decreased white matter injury detected with magnetic resonance imaging in premature newborns at 24 to 28 weeks ' gestation at birth? | {
"contexts": [
"Newborns delivered before 28 weeks' gestation commonly have white matter lesions on MRI that are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Our objective was to determine the risk factors for MRI-detectable white matter injury in infants delivered before 28 weeks' gestation who were tre... | In this observational study, a longer duration of indomethacin exposure was associated with less white matter injury in infants delivered before 28 weeks' gestation. A randomized trial of prolonged indomethacin treatment is needed to determine whether indomethacin can decrease white matter injury and neurodevelopmental... | yes |
16,644,622 | Does a clinical screening tool identify autoimmune diabetes in adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is defined as adult-onset diabetes with circulating islet antibodies but not requiring insulin therapy initially. Diagnosing LADA has treatment implications because of the high risk of progression to insulin dependency. Currently, there are no recommend... | At least two distinguishing clinical features are found in a majority of patients with LADA at diagnosis and can be used to identify adults with diabetes at higher risk for LADA. | yes |
16,644,628 | Do mealtime interactions relate to dietary adherence and glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined the relationships between parent-child mealtime interactions and dietary adherence and glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes. It was hypothesized that young children who exhibited disruptive mealtime behaviors would have more dietary deviations (poorer dietar... | This was the first study to examine the relationship between parent-child mealtime interactions and health outcomes in young children with type 1 diabetes. The mealtime problems examined can be improved through specific behavioral interventions. Future research is needed to examine how parent-child interactions at meal... | yes |
16,625,134 | Does sepsis-induced lung injury in rats increase alveolar epithelial vulnerability to stretch? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous in vitro models have shown that cellular deformation causes dose-dependent injury and death in healthy rat alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). We compared the viability of AECs from septic rats with those from nonseptic rats after 1 hr of cyclic equibiaxial stretch. We hypothesized that se... | AECs isolated from septic rats are more vulnerable to mechanical deformation injury than AECs from nonseptic animals. | yes |
16,637,071 | Does pLZF regulate Pbx1 transcription and Pbx1-HoxC8 complex leads to androgen-independent prostate cancer proliferation? | {
"contexts": [
"Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein, a transcriptional repressor and negative regulator of the cell cycle, has been characterized as a prostatic androgen-responsive gene. DU145 cells show androgen-independent growth and lack PLZF gene expression.",
"We analyzed PLZF-regulating g... | Androgen-independent cell line DU145 cells lack PLZF gene expression, resulting in the upregulation of Pbx1 and HoxC8 expression. The Pbx1-HoxC8 heterocomplex may lead to androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer. | yes |
16,644,623 | Does consumption of both resistant starch and beta-glucan improve postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in women? | {
"contexts": [
"Consumption of a meal high in resistant starch or soluble fiber (beta-glucan) decreases peak insulin and glucose concentrations and areas under the curve (AUCs). The objective was to determine whether the effects of soluble fiber and resistant starch on glycemic variables are additive.",
"Ten... | Soluble fiber appears to have a greater effect on postprandial insulin response while glucose reduction is greater after resistant starch from high-amylose cornstarch. The reduction in glycemic response was enhanced by combining resistant starch and soluble fiber. Consumption of foods containing moderate amounts of the... | yes |
16,648,623 | Is obesity a risk factor for reporting homebound status among community-dwelling older persons? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the a priori hypothesis that obesity is a predictor of risk for reporting homebound status.",
"A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 21,645 community-dwelling men and women 65 to 97 years old. A nutrition risk screen was administered baseline between 1994 and 1999 and again 3... | Obesity remained a significant independent predictor for reporting homebound status and should be considered in screening of older populations and in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of services for homebound older persons. | yes |
16,629,935 | Do barley and rye prolamins induce an mRNA interferon-gamma response in coeliac mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"In coeliac disease, wheat, barley and rye are traditionally excluded in the gluten-free diet. However, few studies have examined the small intestinal immune response to barley and rye.",
"To investigate the immunogenicity of barley and rye prolamins (hordein and secalin respectively) in compa... | The findings of this study provide evidence that barley and rye cause immune activation in the mucosa of coeliac patients and support the practice that barley and rye should be excluded from the gluten-free diet. | yes |
16,652,428 | Do alberta rodeo athletes develop the chronic whiplash syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if an unselected group of rodeo athletes would report a more benign outcome to their motor vehicle whiplash injuries than a group of spectators at rodeo events.",
"This survey compares the self-reported outcome of motor vehicle collision whiplash injuries (neck and/or back sprain... | Rodeo athletes appear to be in at least as many motor vehicle collisions as rodeo spectators, and 33% suffered the acute whiplash syndrome. Rodeo athletes appear, however, to be more resistant than spectators to developing prolonged pain and disability. | no |
16,624,836 | Does aLDH2 promoter polymorphism have no effect on the risk for alcoholism? | {
"contexts": [
"To test for the possible association between mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) promoter polymorphism and alcoholism.",
"Genotyping to identify the polymorphisms in 515 alcoholic patients and 361 normal controls was performed.",
"There were no significant differences between the... | These results suggest the ALDH2 promoter polymorphism does not affect the risk for alcoholism. | yes |
16,624,837 | Are pHosphatidylethanol ( PEth ) concentrations in blood correlated to reported alcohol intake in alcohol-dependent patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is an abnormal phospholipid formed only in the presence of ethanol by the enzyme phospholipase D. PEth in blood is a promising new marker for ethanol abuse. None of the biological markers used at the present time is sensitive and specific enough for the diagnosis of alc... | Blood concentrations of PEth are highly correlated to ethanol intake, and the present results indicate that its diagnostic sensitivity is higher than that for previously established alcohol markers. | yes |
16,624,831 | Does iloprost attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in a murine model without compromising tumour suppression? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by cardiac injury. Iloprost, a stable synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, has previously been shown to protect against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro. Here, we addressed whether iloprost is cardioprotective in vivo and... | In a murine model, iloprost attenuated the acute cardiac injury and dysfunction induced by DOX therapy without compromising its chemotherapeutic effect. | yes |
16,624,832 | Is pre-hospital thrombolysis delivered by paramedics associated with reduced time delay and mortality in ambulance-transported real-life patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"There are sparse data on the impact of pre-hospital thrombolysis (PHT) in real-life patients. We therefore evaluated treatment delays and outcome in a large cohort of ambulance-transported real-life patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to PHT delivered by paramedics ... | When compared with regular in-hospital thrombolysis, pre-hospital diagnosis and thrombolysis with trained paramedics in the ambulances are associated with reduced time to thrombolysis by almost 1 h and reduced adjusted 1-year mortality by 30% in real-life STEMI patients. | yes |
16,641,602 | Does depletion of pulmonary intravascular macrophages prevent hyperacute pulmonary xenograft dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent years have brought dramatic progress in the field of xenotransplantation, with the development of transgenic swine and various other means of overcoming the rejection mediated by xenoreactive antibodies. Although progress has been rapid with kidney and heart xenografts, progress with pulmo... | These findings indicate that donor macrophages play a critical role in pulmonary xenograft dysfunction. This finding has broad implications for xenotransplantation, suggesting that porcine macrophages might pose a barrier to the engraftment and function of a variety of porcine organ xenografts. | yes |
16,627,794 | Do prior events predict cerebrovascular and coronary outcomes in the PROGRESS trial? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between baseline and recurrent vascular events may be important in the targeting of secondary prevention strategies. We examined the relationship between initial event and various types of further vascular outcomes and associated effects of blood pressure (BP)-lowering.",
"Su... | Patients with previous vascular events are at high risk of recurrences of the same event. However, because they are also at risk of other vascular outcomes, a broad range of secondary prevention strategies is necessary for their treatment. BP-lowering is likely to be one of the most effective and generalizable strategi... | yes |
16,627,796 | Does regular transfusion lower plasma free hemoglobin in children with sickle-cell disease at risk for stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"Intravascular hemolysis releases large amounts of free hemoglobin (PFH) in plasma of sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients. PFH has been associated with harmful endothelial actions including scavenging nitric oxide (NO). Whether PFH plays a role in stroke in SCD has not been examined.",
"Serum l... | Regular transfusion which lowers stroke risk is associated with a significant reduction in PFH. A role for PFH in promoting stroke in SCD should be investigated. | yes |
16,635,068 | Does pall leukotrap affinity prion-reduction filter remove exogenous infectious prions and endogenous infectivity from red cell concentrates? | {
"contexts": [
"Three recent probable cases of transmission of a variant of human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) through blood transfusion suggest that the disease can be transmitted through transfusion of blood components from presymptomatic blood donors. In this study, we investigated the performance of a ne... | The use of this new prion-reduction filter should reduce the risk of vCJD transmission through transfusion of RCC, the most widely transfused blood component. | yes |
16,652,085 | Is a short course of oral prednisone followed by intranasal budesonide an effective treatment of severe nasal polyps? | {
"contexts": [
"Nasal polyposis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a short course of oral prednisone followed by intranasal budesonide on nasal symptoms, polyp size, nasal flow, and computed tomography scan.",
"Eighty-four patients with severe nasal pol... | A short course of oral steroids improved all nasal symptoms, polyp size, and nasal flow, whereas intranasal steroid maintain this effect. | yes |
16,634,895 | Does cXC chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression enhance tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of basal cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Chemokines and their receptors, well known for their ability to attract leucocytes, also play important roles for tumour progression.",
"To investigate the possible involvement of chemokine receptors in the pathogenesis of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC).",
"We performed an expressio... | CXCR4 expression may play a critical role in tumour progression and angiogenesis of certain subtypes of BCC with more aggressive nature, and functional blockade of CXCR4 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for these tumours. | yes |
16,652,125 | Is viral mRNA expression but not DNA replication required for lipogenic effect of human adenovirus Ad-36 in preadipocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Human adenovirus Ad-36 causes adiposity in animal models and shows association with human obesity. Ad-36 enhances differentiation of 3T3-L1 and human preadipocytes, without cell lysis, a characteristic that may contribute to its adipogenic effect observed in vivo. Ad-2, another human adenovirus i... | In conclusion, viral mRNA expression, although transient, is a prerequisite for enhancing differentiation of preadipocytes by Ad-36. Viral DNA replication was not required for the effect. This is the first evidence for the role of gene expression of an adipogenic human virus in enhancing preadipocytes differentiation. ... | yes |
16,624,731 | Does epigallocatechin gallate protect dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglial cell activation? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe whether the dopaminergic neuroprotective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is associated with its inhibition of microglial cell activation in vivo.",
"The effects of EGCG at different doses on dopaminergic neuronal survival were tested in a methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (M... | EGCG exerts potent dopaminergic neuroprotective activity by means of microglial inhibition, which shed light on the potential use of EGCG in treatment of Parkinson's disease. | yes |
16,635,647 | Does treatment of eating disorders improve eating symptoms but not alexithymia and dissociation proneness? | {
"contexts": [
"Eating disorders have been reported to increase in frequency, but it is yet unclear what psychological characteristics increase the proneness toward the development of eating disorders. Alexithymia (AL; a difficulty in awareness to one's emotions) and dissociation proneness are 2 such plausible f... | The combined intervention was efficient in our sample of patients with eating disorder despite the small sample size. The aforementioned specific psychometric change may be indicative of the lack of importance of changes in AL or dissociation proneness in the short-term improvement in patients with eating disorder. | yes |
16,625,692 | Is microcoagulation of junctional dorsal root entry zone effective treatment of brachial plexus avulsion pain : long-term follow-up study? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze long-term clinical results of coagulation lesions of the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) in patients with deafferentation pain due to brachial plexus avulsion and to correlate the pain relief after DREZ coagulation with pain duration before the DREZ coagulation.",
"Twenty-six patient... | The long-term follow up showed that the pain relief gradually decreased over 5 years after surgery. However, the pain relief still did not significantly decrease after 3 years. | yes |
16,644,339 | Do electrocardiographic abnormalities predict deaths from cardiovascular disease and ischemic heart disease in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"The association between electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities and deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been reported in the general population, but there is little information regarding persons with type 2 diabetes.",
"Minor and major ECG abnormali... | The CVD and IHD death rates were higher in men and in subjects with major ischemic ECG abnormalities. Major ischemic abnormalities on ECG predicted death after accounting for other cardiovascular risk factors, including proteinuria. | yes |
16,635,560 | Does breast milk provide better antioxidant power than does formula? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the effect of breast milk on plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total peroxide (TP), and oxidative stress index (OSI), which are biomarkers of oxidative status.",
"Fifty-four healthy term infants 3 to 6 mo of age were fed breast milk or a cow's milk modified formula. Plasma ... | Our data suggest that breast milk provides better antioxidant power than does formula. | yes |
16,630,419 | Does clinical judgment remain of great value in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Observation and repeated examination may lead to favourable clinical outcomes in the ever-challenging diagnosis of appendicitis. The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical performance in the diagnosis of suspected appendicitis in a centre with limited access to medical imaging technologies a... | In the context of limited available medical imaging modalities, clinical observation was not associated with an increased incidence of complicated appendicitis. The presence of complicated appendicitis was associated with the delay before the patient's first medical consultation. Clinical judgment can be prioritized an... | yes |
16,643,654 | Does a coding polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase 9 reduce risk of scarring sequelae of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Trachoma, an infectious disease of the conjunctiva caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is an important global cause of blindness. A dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis during the processes of tissue repair following infection and inflammation are thought to play a key role in the dev... | This work supports the hypothesis that MMP-9 has a role in the pathogenesis of blinding trachoma. | yes |
16,632,999 | Does transparent and open discussion of errors increase malpractice risk in trauma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"We set out to determine if there is an increased medical malpractice lawsuit rate when trauma patient cases are presented at an open, multidisciplinary morbidity and mortality conference (M&M).",
"Patient safety proponents emphasize the importance of transparency with respect to medical error... | A transparent discussion of errors, complications, and deaths does not appear to lead to an increased risk of lawsuit. | no |
16,632,996 | Does dietary fiber enhance a tumor suppressor signaling pathway in the gut? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether sodium butyrate (NaB), a major short-chain fatty acid produced in the human gut by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, enhances transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling and potentiates its tumor suppressor activity in the gut.",
"The molecular mechanisms by wh... | These results demonstrate that NaB induces Smad3 and potentiates TGF-beta signaling and its tumor suppressor activity in gut epithelial cells. Our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism that may explain in part the beneficial effects of dietary fiber in decreasing the risk of colon cancers. | yes |
16,650,840 | Does angiotensin II enhance carotid body chemoreflex control of sympathetic outflow in chronic heart failure rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether Angiotensin II (Ang II) modulates peripheral chemoreflex function through carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors in chronic heart failure (CHF).",
"We measured renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in response to graded hypoxia before and after intravenous administration o... | These results indicate that elevation of Ang II and concomitant upregulation of AT1 receptor in the CB contribute to the increased CB chemoreceptor activity and enhanced peripheral chemoreflex function in CHF. | yes |
16,645,325 | Does expression of polo-like kinase 1 ( PLK1 ) protein predict the survival of patients with gastric carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the prognostic value of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), an important regulator of cell cycle progression, in patients with gastric carcinoma.",
"PLK1 expression was determined in 160 gastric carcinoma patients by immunohistochemistry and compared with p53 expression and the proliferating... | PLK1 expression may be a critical indicator of a poor prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma. | yes |
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