pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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17,288,590 | Do low concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta-1 induce tubulogenesis in cultured mammary epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Formation of branching tubes is a fundamental step in the development of glandular organs. To identify extracellular cues that orchestrate epithelial tubulogenesis, we employed an in vitro assay in which EpH4-J3B1A mammary epithelial cells form spheroidal cysts when grown in collagen gels under s... | Altogether, our results provide evidence that, at low concentrations, TGF-beta-1 promotes MMP-dependent branching tubulogenesis by mammary epithelial cells in vitro, and suggest that it plays a similar role during mammary gland development in vivo. | yes |
17,279,091 | Does phosphorylation of sodium channels mediated by protein kinase-C modulate inhibition by topiramate of tetrodotoxin-sensitive transient sodium current? | {
"contexts": [
"Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant known to modulate the activity of several ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels in neurons. The mechanism of action of topiramate, at a molecular level, is still unclear, but the phosphorylation state of the channel/receptor seems to be a factor that is able ... | These data show that PKC-activation can modulate the effect of topiramate on I(NaT). This suggests that channel phosphorylation in physiological or pathological conditions (such as epiliepsy), can alter the action of topiramate on sodium currents. | yes |
17,279,092 | Are genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 related to drug-induced idiosyncratic liver injury ( DILI )? | {
"contexts": [
"The general view on the pathogenesis of drug-induced idiosyncratic liver injury (DILI) is that parent compounds are rendered hepatotoxic by metabolism, mainly by cytochrome (CYP) 450, although other metabolic pathways can contribute. Anecdotal reports suggest a role of CYP 450 polymorphisms in DI... | We find no evidence to support CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms as predictable potential risk factors for DILI. | no |
17,285,384 | Does intraoperative cholangiography facilitate simple transcystic clearance of ductal stones in units without expertise for laparoscopic bile duct surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"In the absence of facilities and expertise for laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE), most patients with suspected ductal calculi undergo preoperative endoscopic duct clearance. Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) is not performed at the subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study ai... | In this series, 10% of the abnormal cholangiograms occurred in patients without preoperative risk factors for bile duct stones. Altogether, 88 IOCs (31%) were cleared after either simple flushing or trawling with a Dormia basket. Formal LBDE was not required for 40% of abnormal cholangiograms. Simple transcystic manipu... | yes |
17,290,085 | Does hypernatremia predict adverse cardiovascular and neurological outcomes after SAH? | {
"contexts": [
"Abnormalities of serum sodium are common after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and have been linked to poor outcome. This study analyzed whether abnormal serum sodium levels are associated with cardiac outcomes and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).",
"In a prospective cohort study ... | In the acute period after SAH, hypernatremia is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes and death. SAH patients with hypernatremia should be monitored for evidence of cardiac dysfunction. | yes |
17,291,352 | Is a cross-sectional study of self-reported chemical-related sensitivity associated with gene variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes? | {
"contexts": [
"N-acetyltransferases (NAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) are involved in the metabolism of several ubiquitous chemical substances leading to the activation and detoxification of carcinogenic heterocyclic and aromatic amines. Since polymorphisms within these genes are described to influence... | The results from our study population show that individuals being slow acetylators and/or harbouring a homozygous GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 deletion reported chemical-related hypersensitivity more frequently. | yes |
17,294,242 | Does dual blockade of the Hedgehog and ERK1/2 pathways coordinately decrease proliferation and survival of cholangiocarcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The Hedgehog (Hh) and pERK1/2 pathways participate in the tumorigenesis of various tissues, but there has been no report on the involvement of these two pathways in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Hh pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, and MEK inhibi... | Our results suggest that the Hedgehog and ERK1/2 pathways are important for CCA cell proliferation, and simultaneous inhibition of the two pathways may lead to stronger decreases in cell growth and viability in a subset of CCA cases. | yes |
17,272,484 | Do higher concentrations of alanine aminotransferase within the reference interval predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? | {
"contexts": [
"In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations are considered to be a consequence of hepatocyte damage. We performed a prospective study to examine the association between ALT within its reference interval and risk for subsequent development o... | In apparently healthy, nondiabetic Korean men, increased ALT concentration, even within the reference interval, was an independent predictor of incident NAFLD. | yes |
17,283,555 | Do chronic rhinosinusitis patients with polyps or polypoid mucosa have a greater burden of illness? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies suggest chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyposis (CRScNP) represent distinct pathological entities. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with CRSsNP, CRScNP, and polypoid CRS could be distinguished by clinical features,... | Compared with CRSsNP, patients with CRScNP have a greater burden of symptoms, more prior surgery, higher CT scan scores, and greater use of medications. | yes |
17,296,647 | Is plasma aldosterone related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and primary aldosteronism are common in subjects with resistant hypertension; it is unknown, however, if the two disorders are causally related. This study relates plasma aldosterone and renin levels to OSA severity in subjects with resistant hypertension, and in tho... | OSA is extremely common in subjects with resistant hypertension. A significant correlation between PAC and OSA severity is observed in subjects with resistant hypertension but not in control subjects. While cause and effect cannot be inferred, the data suggest that aldosterone excess may contribute to OSA severity. | yes |
17,296,646 | Does intensive smoking cessation intervention reduce mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare an intensive smoking cessation intervention against usual care in hospitalized high-risk smokers with acute cardiovascular disease.",
"A total of 209 hospitalized smokers were randomized to the intensive intervention (n = 109) or to usual care (n = 100). Usual care consisted only o... | Hospitalized smokers, especially those with cardiovascular disease, should undergo treatment with a structured intensive cessation intervention. The duration of the initial treatment should be 3 months. | yes |
17,296,642 | Is persistent airway obstruction after virus infection associated with airway inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined the contribution of airway inflammation to the delayed lung function recovery that occurs in some people following virus-induced asthma exacerbations.",
"Subjects (n = 40) were recruited at hospital admission for acute asthma exacerbation. Respiratory virus infection was d... | Persistent airway obstruction and uncontrolled asthma are observed in some people after viral asthma exacerbations. These abnormalities are not associated with inflammatory cell influx into the airway lining fluid during the exacerbation and may reflect the involvement of noncellular elements. Further work should explo... | no |
17,284,155 | Is use of modern contraception by the poor falling behind? | {
"contexts": [
"The widespread increase in the use of contraception, due to multiple factors including improved access to modern contraception, is one of the most dramatic social transformations of the past fifty years. This study explores whether the global progress in the use of modern contraceptives has also ... | The secular trend of increasing rates of modern contraceptive use has not resulted in a decrease of the gap in use for those living in absolute poverty. Countries with large economic inequalities also exhibit large inequalities in modern contraceptive use. In addition to macro level factors that influence contraceptive... | yes |
17,292,385 | Does best lead in the standard electrocardiogram for the emergency detection of acute coronary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine which leads in the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) are the best for detecting acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among chest pain patients in the emergency department.",
"Neural network classifiers were used to determine the predictive capability... | Our results indicate that leads III, aVL, and V2 are sufficient for computerized prediction of ACS. The present results are likely important in situations where the 12-lead ECG is impractical and for the creation of clinical decision support systems for ECG prediction of ACS. | yes |
17,283,572 | Is sinonasal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 9 decreased in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps? | {
"contexts": [
"Innate immune recognition of pathogens by sinonasal epithelial cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous studies have indicated that toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA is present in sinonasal mucosa, and levels of TLR9 expression are decreased in re... | Functional TLR9 protein is expressed by normal and diseased sinonasal epithelial cells. The level of TLR9 expression is decreased in CRSwNP patients, consistent with the previous finding of decreased TLR9 mRNA in whole sinonasal tissue. These findings suggest that impaired innate immune responses to pathogens via TLR9 ... | yes |
17,291,854 | Does parental smoking impair vaccine responses in children with atopic genotypes? | {
"contexts": [
"Gene-environment interactions play central roles in controlling postnatal maturation of immune function, but their effects on infant vaccine responses are unknown. Genetic variants associated with atopy and the environmental factor of exposure to parental smoking (PS) of tobacco independently alt... | PS potentiates suppressive effects of variants in immune response genes in children. These effects are not observed in the absence of this exposure. Ultimately, this finding might have implications for infant vaccination in countries with high smoking rates. It might also have broader implications in relation to enviro... | yes |
17,272,747 | Does oral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin slow the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Although it has been reported that oral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) prevents endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress in various rat models, the effect of treatment with BH4 on atherogenesis remains unclear.",
"In this study, we investigated whether oral BH4 treat... | Strategies such as oral administration of BH4 to ensure continuous BH4 availability may be effective in restoring nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function and limiting vascular disease and the progression of atherosclerosis. | yes |
17,290,031 | Does site of arterial occlusion identified by transcranial Doppler predict the response to intravenous thrombolysis for stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to examine clinical outcomes and recanalization rates in a multicenter cohort of stroke patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator by site of occlusion localized with bedside transcranial Doppler. Angiographic studies with intraarterial thrombolysi... | Clinical response to thrombolysis is influenced by the site of occlusion. Patients with no detectable residual flow signals as well as those with terminal internal carotid artery occlusions are least likely to respond early or long term. | yes |
17,292,702 | Does prevalence and correlate of binge eating disorder in a community sample? | {
"contexts": [
"Diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder (BED) appear in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition as \"criteria for further study.\" Few epidemiological studies of BED have been conducted. Our aim was to describe the prevalence and correlates of BED, as assessed ... | PHQ-BED criteria are associated with substantial impairment, psychiatric comorbidity, and obesity and effectively discriminate obese individuals with psychological problems from obese subjects without similar problems. BED may be considerably more prevalent than other eating disorders and equally prevalent among men an... | yes |
17,295,350 | Are proinflammatory macrophage migratory inhibition factor and interleukin-6 concentrated in pleural effusion of human fetuses with prenatal chylothorax? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the role of selected cytokines and growth factors involved in the pathogenesis of fetal chylous pleural effusion.",
"Seventeen fetuses with prenatal chylothorax at gestational age (GA) 17-29 weeks were enrolled as the study group during the period 2003-2005. Their pleural effusion (n... | Our study demonstrated that the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins (MIF and IL-6) that we tested were higher in the fetal pleural effusion than in the fetal circulation, a phenomenon not observed in the levels of proangiogenic proteins (HGF, SDF-1, VEGF, IL-8). This result implies that inflammation-related proteins ma... | yes |
17,295,615 | Does evaluation of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging contrast in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Conventional optimal MRI is unremarkable in 20%-30% of patients with intractable focal epilepsy. These MRI-negative patients are the most challenging in surgical programs. Our aim was to evaluate the yield and utility of quantitative MRI with novel contrasts in MRI-negative patients with refracto... | Quantitative analysis of MRI contrasts had a low yield of identifying focal abnormalities concordant with putative epileptic foci in patients with unremarkable conventional MRI. Specificity was low for FFT2 and DIR. With the low specificity, data must be interpreted with caution, but in some patients may assist in crea... | yes |
17,288,539 | Does expression of the Longin domain of TI-VAMP impair lysosomal secretion and epithelial cell migration? | {
"contexts": [
"TI-VAMP (tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein; also called VAMP7) belongs to the Longin subfamily of v-SNAREs (vesicular soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptors). The regulatory N-terminal extension, called the Longin domain, of... | The results of the present study suggest that the expression of the Longin domain of TI-VAMP regulates lysosomal secretion of epithelial cells and provide molecular evidence for a role of the late endocytic system in cell migration. | yes |
17,298,993 | Is hypercalcaemia associated with poor mental health in haemodialysis patients : results from Japan DOPPS? | {
"contexts": [
"The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) reported high incidence of depression in haemodialysis patients. Hypercalcaemia and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are aetiological factors of psychological disorders. We examined the association between mineral metabolism abnormali... | Hypercalcaemia, but not high intact PTH, is associated with poor mental health in dialysis patients. While a cause-effect relationship between hypercalcaemia and deterioration of mental health needs further confirmation by longitudinal and prospective studies, our observational findings suggest the importance of contro... | yes |
17,269,906 | Does levels and correlate of exercise in a border mexican american population? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine personal and environmental correlates of exercise among Mexican Americans living in the Texas-Mexico border region.",
"The study was based on data from a community health assessment conducted in 2 counties at the Texas-Mexico border region. A random-digit-dialed community survey wa... | Understanding personal and environmental factors that influence physical activity and exercise in this minority population is critical for the development of culturally sensitive health interventions. | yes |
17,290,149 | Do platinum group elements enhance the allergic immune response by acting on dendritic cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Atmospheric pollution may play a role in the immune response to allergens either directly or by entering the food chain. While particulate platinum group elements (PLGE) emitted by catalytic converters can be considered biologically inert, approximately 10% of these species accumulate in the envi... | We conclude that PLGE have an adjuvant-like effect on dendritic cells that can favor and amplify the immune response to allergens. | yes |
17,280,661 | Does stimulation of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway elicit human sperm chemotaxis in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether nitric oxide (NO) may attract human spermatozoa via activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway.",
"Prospective study.",
"Academic research institution.",
"Seven normozoospermic patients belonging to couples pr... | These data suggest that NO may exert a chemoattractant effect on human spermatozoa and that the signal transduction involves the activation of sGC, the synthesis of cGMP, and the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinases. | yes |
17,274,819 | Are ovarian dysgerminomas characterised by frequent KIT mutations and abundant expression of pluripotency markers? | {
"contexts": [
"Ovarian germ cell tumours (OGCTs) typically arise in young females and their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We investigated the origin of malignant OGCTs and underlying molecular events in the development of the various histological subtypes of this neoplasia.",
"We examined in situ ... | This study provides new data supporting two distinct but overlapping pathways in OGCT development; one involving spontaneous KIT mutation(s) leading to increased survival and proliferation of undifferentiated oogonia, the other related to presence of Y chromosome material and ensuing gonadal dysgenesis in phenotypic fe... | yes |
17,279,089 | Are negative inotropic effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta ameliorated by alfentanil in rat ventricular myocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) increase during an inflammatory response and have been reported to induce a negative inotropic effect on the myocardium. Alfentanil, an opioid analgesic often used in the critical care of patients with sepsi... | TNF-alpha and IL-1beta induce a significant negative inotropic effect on ventricular myocytes in a time dependent manner through disruption of SR Ca(2+) handling and the Ca(2+) transient. This negative inotropic effect was ameliorated by alfentanil, but this response may not be mediated via opioid receptors. | yes |
17,288,806 | Does [ Killer cell immunoglobulin receptor play an important role in cord blood transplantation for leukemia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of killer cell immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) plays in treatment of leukemia by cord blood transplantation (CBT).",
"Peripheral blood samples were collected from 23 patients receiving CBT, and corresponding cord blood samples were collected too. Polymerase chain reactio... | KIR plays an important role in CBT. KIR/HLA-C mismatch, homo-expression of HLA-Cw1 or Cw2, and co-expression of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 may predict good prognosis for CBT. | yes |
17,290,094 | Does a novel inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine production ( CNI-1493 ) reduce rodent post-hemorrhagic vasospasm? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating complication, yet despite multiple lines of investigation an effective treatment remains lacking. Cytokine-mediated inflammation has been implicated as a causative factor in the development of posthemorrhagic vasos... | These findings support the conclusion that inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-6, play an important role in development of vasospasm in the rat femoral artery model. Furthermore, these results suggest that the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines may be an appropriate strategy for the treatment of vasospasm after ... | yes |
17,285,537 | Does [ New compound heterozygous mutation cause partial combined 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the CYP17A1 gene mutations in a Chinese 46,XX patient with partial combined 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency.",
"Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The genomic DNA of the patient and her parents was isolated from whole blood. Seven pairs of primers were use... | More study should be done to have better understanding of the function of the mutated P450C17 enzymes. | yes |
17,285,470 | Does granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) restore decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression after cardiopulmonary bypass? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a disturbed immune response, e.g., impaired HLA-DR expression on monocytes and the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine release plays a role in the pathogenesis of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and... | Immune system suppression after cardiac surgery is reflected in prolonged diminished HLA-DR expression on monocytes and B-lymphocytes. Suppression is not irreversible but can - at least IN VITRO - be overridden by the immunostimulating compound GM-CSF. | yes |
17,292,412 | Is impaired natural killer cell lysis in breast cancer patients with high levels of psychological stress associated with altered expression of killer immunoglobin-like receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously reported that cancer-related psychological stress is associated with reduced natural killer (NK) cell lysis. We hypothesized that reduced NK cell cytotoxicity in patients with increased levels of stress would correlate with alterations in the expression of inhibitory NK cell recepto... | In this study of a small subset of breast cancer patients chosen from a previous clinical trial of psychosocial intervention for breast cancer, impaired NK lysis in breast cancer patients with high levels of psychological stress was associated with alterations in surface expression of killer immunoglobulin-like recepto... | yes |
17,274,371 | Is [ X-chromosomal inactivation skewing in blood cells associated with early development of lung ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe the relationship between skewed X-chromosomal inactivation (SXCI) and development of lung cancer in females.",
"DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells from patients with primary lung cancer (n = 148) and control subjects (n =289). Exon 1 of androgen receptor ( AR) gene was am... | SXCI in blood cells is associated with early development of lung cancer in females. | yes |
17,291,695 | Is hypermethylation of the CpG islands in the promoter region flanking GSTP1 gene a potential plasma DNA biomarker for detecting prostate carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the possibility of identifying DNA hypermethylation in the circulation of prostate cancer patients.",
"Plasma DNA samples were extracted from 36 prostate cancer patients and 27 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) cases. After extensive methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme dig... | We have successfully identified prostate cancer genome hypermethylation in the peripheral circulation in prostate cancer patients with this protocol. This method can effectively distinguish BPH from prostate neoplasm. Although a larger number of samples are necessary to validate the capability of the protocol in practi... | yes |
17,293,889 | Does nitric oxide fail to confer endogenous antiarrhythmic cardioprotection in the primate heart in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of nitric oxide (NO) in cardiac pathophysiology remains controversial. According to data from several studies using rat and rabbit isolated hearts, NO is an endogenous cardioprotectant against reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). Thus, if cardiac NO production is abolished ... | A species difference exists in the effectiveness of endogenous NO to protect hearts against reperfusion-induced VF. The present primate data, which presumably take precedence over rat and rabbit data, cast doubt on the clinical relevance of NO as an endogenous, antiarrhythmic, cardioprotectant. | yes |
17,283,321 | Does multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification detect DCX gene deletions in band heterotopia? | {
"contexts": [
"Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH, or double cortex syndrome) is a neuronal migration disorder consisting of heterotopic bands of gray matter located between the cortex and the ventricular surface, with or without concomitant pachygyria. Most cases show diffuse or anteriorly predominant (A>P) mig... | MLPA uncovers large genomic deletions of the DCX gene in a subset of patients with SBH in whom no mutations are found after gene sequencing. Deletions of DCX are an underascertained cause of SBH. | yes |
17,277,343 | Does hyperleptinaemia and chronic inflammation after peritonitis predict poor nutritional status and mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis? | {
"contexts": [
"The serum leptin level is elevated in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and associated with a loss of lean body mass. The nutritional status of PD patients may further be worsened following peritonitis. We investigated the association between hyperleptinaemia, inflammation and malnouri... | Our study confirmed an increase in serum leptin during acute peritonitis and a prolonged course of systemic inflammation after apparent clinical remission of peritonitis. These factors related to the persistent chronic inflammation may contribute to the development of malnourishment and poor survival rate. | yes |
17,276,035 | Does lower red blood cell folate enhance the HPV-16-associated risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously reported that higher circulating concentrations of folate are independently associated with a lower likelihood of becoming positive for high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) and of having a persistent HR-HPV infection and a greater likelihood of becoming HR-HPV negative (Cancer... | To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an independent association of folate with risk of having CIN > or =2 in a population tested extensively for HR-HPV and CIN that also adequately controlled for several other micronutrients and known risk factors for CIN. Our findings suggest that improving the folate s... | yes |
17,272,648 | Is severe reflux disease associated with an enlarged unbuffered proximal gastric acid pocket? | {
"contexts": [
"An unbuffered pocket of highly acidic juice is observed at the gastric cardia after a meal in healthy subjects.",
"To compare the postprandial acid pocket in healthy subjects and patients with severe reflux disease and define its position relative to anatomical and manometric landmarks.",
... | This enlarged region of unbuffered postprandial acidic juice observed in the patients just below the gastro-oesophageal junction may contribute to the aetiology of severe reflux disease. | yes |
17,278,984 | Does chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme targeting transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA ameliorate renal injury in hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a critical factor in the progression of renal injury, regardless of the primary etiology. Such injury is characterized by glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. To develop a ribozyme-based therapy for progressive renal diseases, we examined ... | These results suggest that chimeric DNA-RNA ribozyme to TGF-beta1 may be useful as a gene therapy for progressive tissue injury in a wide variety of renal diseases, including hypertensive nephrosclerosis. | yes |
17,278,987 | Does perindopril-based blood pressure-lowering therapy reduce amino-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in individuals with cerebrovascular disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The plasma amino-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level predicted congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ischaemic stroke in participants of the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS), a placebo-controlled study of the effects of blood pr... | We conclude that plasma NT-proBNP level, in addition to predicting cardiovascular risk, may provide a measure of risk reduction by blood pressure-lowering therapy. | yes |
17,275,245 | Do technical modifications in endoscopic vein harvest techniques facilitate their use in lower extremity limb salvage procedures? | {
"contexts": [
"We describe and report our results using endoscopic vein harvest (EVH) for lower extremity arterial bypass procedures, following the implementation of technical modifications specific to patients undergoing limb salvage procedures.",
"We underwent training in EVH, followed by implementation o... | Technical modifications in endoscopic saphenous vein harvest techniques facilitate their use in lower extremity limb salvage procedures. Vascular surgeons should become familiar with these techniques to minimize vein harvest wound complications and extend the options for limb salvage conduits, including use of both the... | yes |
17,299,019 | Do interleukin 18 gene polymorphisms predict risk and outcome of Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammation has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although there is evidence of a key role for cytokines in neuroinflammation processes, so far the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-18 has not been associated with AD. The aim of this study was t... | As IL-18 cytokine promoter gene polymorphisms have been previously described to have functional consequences on IL-18 expression, it is possible that individuals with a prevalent IL-18 gene variant have a dysregulated immune response, suggesting that IL-18 mediated immune mechanisms may play a crucial role in AD. | yes |
17,299,017 | Does cholinesterase inhibitor use significantly influence the ability of 123I-FP-CIT imaging to distinguish Alzheimer 's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies? | {
"contexts": [
"123I-labelled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) imaging is a diagnostic tool to help differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in animals, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEi) have been reported to reduce ra... | Use of ChEi does not significantly influence the ability of 123I-FP-CIT imaging to distinguish AD from DLB. | no |
17,286,008 | Do [ Cryotherapy combine with pingyangmycin for the treatment of venous malformations ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe the therapeutic effect of 120 cases venous malformations treated by cryotherapy combine with pingyangmycin.",
"Pingyangmycin was injected into venous malformations and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was followed immediately.",
"Cure rate was 77.5%, incomplete cure rate was 17... | The method of cryotherapy combine with pingyangmycin injection to treat venous malformations has good effect. | yes |
17,296,408 | Does a temporary intraurethral prostatic stent relieve prostatic obstruction following transurethral microwave thermotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The Spanner, a novel prostatic stent, was evaluated for safety, efficacy and patient tolerance when used to relieve prostatic obstruction following transurethral microwave thermotherapy.",
"Following transurethral microwave thermotherapy and routine post-procedure Foley catheterization at 1 o... | The Spanner is a safe, effective and well tolerated temporary stent for severe prostatic obstruction resulting from therapy induced edema after transurethral microwave thermotherapy. It may be a needed addition to the armamentarium for managing bladder outlet obstruction in a broad group of urological patients. | yes |
17,299,061 | Are serum anti-mullerian hormone concentrations altered by acute administration of follicle stimulating hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome and normal women? | {
"contexts": [
"In the human ovary, expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is detected primarily in granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles. This finding is consistent with the tight correlation between circulating AMH levels and the number of small antral follicles (2-5 mm) in normal and pol... | These findings suggest that in PCOS and normal women, acute exposure to FSH does not appear to exert an effect on AMH production. | no |
17,284,906 | Are lipoprotein ( a ) and LDL particle size related to the severity of coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The pathophysiological role and metabolic pathway of Lp(a) have not been clearly defined. An association between Lp(a) and oxidative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were recently reported. And small dense LDL (sd-LDL) were associated with circulating malondialdehyde-modified LDL. We investigated th... | The positive correlation of the level of Lp(a) and sd-LDL fraction were demonstrated. The mechanism of this association is not clearly defined; we can suggest that it may stem from the individual atherogenic condition that linked to increased oxidative stress. Both increased Lp(a) and sd-LDL fraction were correlated wi... | yes |
17,284,902 | Does the role of amiodarone in recent-onset atrial fibrillation after ibutilide have failed to restore sinus rhythm? | {
"contexts": [
"Ibutilide is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that is used for the cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias, but it can cause torsades de pointes. Amiodarone is also used for the cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and prolongs the QT interval but rarely causes torsades de pointes.",
"The study in... | The administration of amiodarone in the case of ibutilide failure may be a useful adjunct to current cardioversion protocols for recent onset atrial fibrillation. | yes |
17,292,342 | Is elevated C-reactive protein in acute coronary syndrome presentation an independent predictor of long-term mortality and heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the ability of C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict long-term outcomes in a chest pain population.",
"CRP was measured at presentation in 446 emergency department patients with acute coronary syndromes. All-cause mortality and hospital discharges for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)... | Patients presenting early with chest pain with elevated CRP concentrations have a greater long-term risk for death and heart failure. | yes |
17,272,786 | Does intermittent hypoxia cause insulin resistance in lean mice independent of autonomic activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Although many clinical physiology and epidemiology studies show an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and markers of insulin resistance, no causal pathway has been established. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the intermittent hypoxia (IH) stimulus that characte... | We conclude that IH can cause acute insulin resistance in otherwise lean, healthy animals, and that the response is associated with decreased glucose utilization of oxidative muscle fibers, but that it occurs independently of activation of the ANS. | yes |
17,272,787 | Do remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness but not cellular inflammation persist after allergen challenge in asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) increases up to 2 weeks after allergen inhalational challenge of subjects with asthma who show a late-phase asthmatic reaction (dual responders). Cellular inflammation and airway remodeling are increased 24 hours after allergen challenge.",
"To determine wheth... | In dual responders with asthma, the 24-hour increase in airway wall cellular inflammation after allergen challenge resolves by 7 days, whereas the increases in AHR and markers of remodeling persist. | yes |
17,276,093 | Is calcification of human articular knee cartilage primarily an effect of aging rather than osteoarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Pathologic calcification of articular cartilage in human knees is often associated with advanced age and conditions of osteoarthritis (OA). Coincidently, most studies that have characterized calcification in joint cartilage have examined populations that are aged and presenting with clinical symp... | These observations indicate that age rather than OA is the predominant factor driving progressive pathologic calcification in articular cartilage. | yes |
17,286,860 | Do single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) distinguish Indian-origin and Chinese-origin rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )? | {
"contexts": [
"Rhesus macaques serve a critical role in the study of human biomedical research. While both Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques are commonly used, genetic differences between these two subspecies affect aspects of their behavior and physiology, including response to simian immunodeficiency virus (... | This study demonstrates that the 3' end of genes is rich in sequence polymorphisms and is suitable for the efficient discovery of gene-linked SNPs. In addition, the results show that the genomic sequences of Indian and Chinese rhesus macaque are remarkably divergent, and include numerous population-specific SNPs. These... | yes |
17,295,902 | Do jEG-3 cell culture supernatants cause reduced interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 production in mixed-lymphocyte reactions? | {
"contexts": [
"Immunoregulatory effects of choriocarcinoma-derived factors on leukocytes have been documented. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of JEG-3 culture supernatants on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-1beta production in the mixed lymphocyte reactions ... | IFN-gamma and IL-17 are mainly produced by activated T cells but IL-1beta is primarily produced by monocytes, thus suggesting that immunoregulatory factors of JEG-3 cells selectively inhibit cytokine production by activated T cells rather than that of the monocytes. | yes |
17,290,084 | Is hemodynamic steroid responsiveness predictive of neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the impact of physiologic doses of hydrocortisone on neurologic outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI).",
"We conducted a retrospective study in a neurocritical care unit at a university teaching hospital. We included 29 patients with moderate and severe TBI requiring vasoact... | Adrenal insufficiency is frequent after TBI, and hydrocortisone replacement therapy seems to be associated with a favorable neurologic outcome. | yes |
17,297,404 | Does donor dopamine pretreatment inhibit tubulitis in renal allografts subjected to prolonged cold preservation? | {
"contexts": [
"In the present study, we used the Brown-Norway (BN) to Lewis model as a model for acute rejection, to test the hypothesis that dopamine (DA) treatment of BN donors significantly reduces the inflammatory response after renal transplantation.",
"BN and Lewis rats (isograft controls) were treate... | Our data indicate that donor DA treatment significantly inhibits tubulitis in renal allografts subjected to prolonged cold preservation. A reduced number of infiltrating MHC class II+ and CD3+ cells together with decreased cytokine expression could diminish renal scarring, reduce allograft immunogenicity, and hence imp... | yes |
17,294,127 | Does long-term pharmacological activation of PPARgamma prevent left ventricular remodeling in dogs with advanced heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activators affect the myocardium through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and metabolic modulation but their effect in the progression of heart failure is unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of the PPARgamma activ... | Long-term PPARgamma activation with GW did not prevent progressive LV remodeling in dogs with advanced heart failure. | no |
17,279,375 | Do alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism? | {
"contexts": [
"Individuals with alcoholism are characterized by both attentional bias for alcohol cues and prepotent response inhibition deficit. We tested the hypothesis that alcoholics exhibit greater cognitive disinhibition when the response to be suppressed is associated with alcohol-related information.",
... | These results demonstrate that alcoholics exhibit a basic prepotent response inhibition deficit, which is enhanced when the response to be suppressed is related to alcohol. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of these findings. | yes |
17,295,875 | Does cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism influence the preventive effect of lansoprazole on the recurrence of erosive reflux esophagitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The efficacy of lansoprazole (LPZ) at inhibiting gastric acid secretion is influenced by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether CYP2C19 polymorphism had an influence on the remission of erosive reflux esophagitis (RE) during mainte... | The efficacy of LPZ (15 mg/day) as maintenance therapy for erosive RE is influenced by CYP2C19 polymorphism. | yes |
17,295,876 | Is gABRA6 genetic polymorphism associated with the risk of functional heartburn in Chinese? | {
"contexts": [
"Polymorphisms of GABA(A)alpha6 (GABRA6)-1521 and IL-1beta-511 have been linked with susceptibility to stress and gastric acid secretion. The aim of this study was to assess psychiatric profiles and GABRA6 and IL-1beta genotypes in functional heartburn, an important esophageal reflux condition.",
... | Chinese patients with certain psychiatric characteristics and GABRA6 heterozygosity are probably predisposed to functional heartburn, providing insight into this condition's psychopathology and genetics. | yes |
17,278,189 | Are alterations of glutathione S-transferase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expressions early events in esophageal carcinogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions in the development and progression of reflux esophagitis-Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in the esophagus.",
"GST and MMP-9 expressions were analyzed in 51 para... | Decreased GST and increased expression of MMP-9 in Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence as compared to normal tissue suggest their association with esophageal tumorigenesis. Loss of GST and gain of MMP-9 in Barrett with dysplasia compared to non-dysplastic metaplasia indicate that these alterations ma... | yes |
17,284,383 | Does american Brachytherapy Society recommend no change for prostate permanent implant dose prescriptions using iodine-125 or palladium-103? | {
"contexts": [
"In 2004, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) issued a report outlining recommended 125I and 103Pd datasets for consistency in calculating brachytherapy dose distributions. In 2005, to aid evaluating the clinical impact of implementing these datasets, the AAPM assessed the hi... | Radiation oncologists should continue to prescribe monotherapy doses of 145 Gy and 125 Gy for 125I and 103Pd, respectively, and standard boost doses of 100-110 Gy and 90-100 Gy for 125I and 103Pd, respectively. | yes |
17,286,642 | Do trajectories of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use into young adulthood? | {
"contexts": [
"Both alcohol and cannabis use carry health risks. Both are commonly initiated in adolescence. To date little research has described trajectories of adolescent cannabis or alcohol use or compared their respective consequences in young adulthood.",
"The design was a 10-year eight-wave cohort st... | Heavier teenage cannabis users tend to continue selectively with cannabis use. Considering their poor young adult outcomes, regular adolescent cannabis users appear to be on a problematic trajectory. | yes |
17,274,043 | Is in-room display of day and time patient anticipated to leave hospital : a `` discharge appointment ''? | {
"contexts": [
"We learned from a focus group that many patients find discharge to be one of the least satisfying elements of the hospital experience. Patients cited insufficient communication about the day and time of the impending discharge as a cause of dissatisfaction.",
"In partnership with the Institut... | With a program for in-room display of a DA in various hospital units, more than half the patients had a DA set, and most of the DA patients departed on time. Further investigation is needed to determine the effect of DAs on patient and provider satisfaction. | yes |
17,287,418 | Are serum adiponectin levels , insulin resistance , and lipid profile in children born small for gestational age affected by the severity of growth retardation at birth? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin resistance has been linked to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR); adiponectin is a protein with insulin-sensitizing properties. This study was designed to test whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) has an effect on blood levels of adiponectin and leptin, insulin resistanc... | SGA children, although more insulin resistant, had similar or higher adiponectin levels than matched AGA children in pre-puberty. The severity of IUGR appears to affect their metabolic profile during childhood. | yes |
17,274,368 | Does [ Suicidal cancer vaccine enhance anti-tumor immunotherapeutic effect and its safety in the treatment of ovarian cancer ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the anti-tumor immunotherapeutic effect induced by the suicidalcancer vaccine FC/TK, and to evaluate the safety of this vaccine.",
"The suicidal cancer vaccine, named FC/TK, was prepared by fusion of suicide gene (HSVI,-TK gene) -modified ovarian carcinoma NuTu-19 cells with rat bone... | Our data indicate that suicidal cancer vaccine is an effective and safe therapy for ovarian carcinoma and may serve as a broadly applicable approach for other cancer vaccines in the future. | yes |
17,274,369 | Is [ Ad hTRP2 - mediated immunity against melanoma enhanced by dendritic cells pulsed with peptide ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the enhanced effect of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with SVYDFFVWL, a MHC class I peptide located in 180-188 amino acid residues of human melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase- related protein 2 ( hTRP2) on the immunity against melanomas elicited by adenovirus e... | Boosting with DC/ SVYDFFVWL can significantly enhance the immunity against melanomas elicited by priming with Ad hTRP2, indicating that first priming with Ad hTRP2 and then boosting with DC/SVYDFFVWL is a potentially effective regimen for overcoming the disadvantage that anti-tumor immune response can not be significan... | yes |
17,275,129 | Does r-Etodolac decrease beta-catenin levels along with survival and proliferation of hepatoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Inhibition of hepatoma cells by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-dependent and -independent mechanisms has been shown previously. Here, we examine the effect of Celecoxib, a COX-2-inhibitor and R-Etodolac, an enantiomer of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Etodolac, which lacks COX-inhibitory activit... | The antitumor effects of Celecoxib (at high concentrations) and R-Etodolac (at physiological doses) on HCC cells were accompanied by the down-regulation of beta-catenin demonstrating a useful therapeutic strategy in hepatocellular cancer. | yes |
17,272,488 | Do comparison of serum folate species analyzed by LC-MS/MS with total folate measured by microbiologic assay and Bio-Rad radioassay? | {
"contexts": [
"The Bio-Rad QuantaPhase II radioassay (BR), used for 25 years to measure total folate (TFOL) concentrations for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), will be discontinued in 2007. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or a microbiologic assay (MA) will... | The good correspondence between the sum of folate species determined by LC-MS/MS and TFOL determined by MA makes these 2 assays interchangeable. The BR produces much lower results, on average, probably because of 5CH(3)THF underrecovery. The conversion equations provided could be used for future NHANES time trend analy... | yes |
17,286,850 | Are two-dimensional tracking and TDI consistent methods for evaluating myocardial longitudinal peak strain in left and right ventricle basal segments in athletes? | {
"contexts": [
"Myocardial contractility can be investigated using longitudinal peak strain. It can be calculated using the Doppler-derived TDI method and the non-Doppler method based on tissue tracking on B-mode images. Both are validated and show good reproducibility, but no comparative analysis of their resul... | Provided that echographic imaging is good, strain can be computed in athletes by both Doppler-derived and tracking methods. It is technically feasible to use both -interchangeably, at least in basal segments. | yes |
17,283,313 | Is apoE-epsilon4 associated with reduced memory in long-standing intractable temporal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relationship between the apolipoprotein (ApoE) epsilon4 allele and memory performance (verbal and nonverbal) in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent temporal lobectomy.",
"Presurgical and postsurgical memory performance was examined... | The ApoE-epsilon4 allele interacts with longstanding seizures to affect memory performance, both verbal and nonverbal, in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. | yes |
17,293,970 | Does intestinal intraluminal injection of glutamine increase trolox total equivalent antioxidant capacity ( TEAC ) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effects of intraluminal injection of glutamine on the serum trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion of the liver observing the applicability of modifications on the original assay method.",
"Thirty Wistar rats underwent laparotom... | Glutamine enhanced serum antioxidant capacity. The assay technique consistently reflected the changes in the antioxidant defenses in this experimental model. | yes |
17,283,257 | Does c-reactive protein cause downregulation of vascular angiotensin subtype 2 receptors and systolic hypertension in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic elevations in circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with a greater risk of hypertension. Whether elevations in CRP cause hypertension is unknown.",
"Chronic, conscious blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed by radiotelemetry in wild-type CF1 control and CF1 tran... | These findings provide direct evidence for CRP-induced hypertension, and they further identify a novel underlying mechanism involving downregulation of AT2 related to NO deficiency. | yes |
17,273,953 | Does preceptorship rurality affect medical students ' shelf exam scores? | {
"contexts": [
"This study's objective was to determine whether junior medical students' end-of-rotation shelf exam scores varied by the preceptorship county's rurality.",
"Student learning during rural preceptorship experiences, 1999 to 2005, was assessed using the students' scores on the National Board of ... | Students assigned to preceptorships in rural locations scored at the same levels as students in urban preceptorships. The finding that there were no differences in medical students' exam scores based on the rurality of their family medicine preceptorship site indicates a substantial degree of educational equivalency be... | no |
17,299,004 | Does ciclosporin reduce paracellin-1 expression and magnesium transport in thick ascending limb cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Renal magnesium (Mg2+) wasting is one of the ciclosporin (CsA) tubular effects. The major site of Mg2+ transport is the thick ascending limb (TAL), where 70% of the ultrafiltrable Mg2+ is reabsorbed paracellularly. Paracellin-1 is a tight junction protein, which regulates the paracellular Mg2+ tr... | These results suggested that reduced PCLN-1 expression and paracellular Mg2+ transport might play a role in the renal Mg2+ wasting in the CsA tubular effect. | yes |
17,275,846 | Does statin pre-treatment protect brain against focal cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebrovascular diseases and other vascular complications are common and cause considerable mortality and morbidity in diabetes mellitus. Recent studies suggest that statins reduce the incidence of stroke in diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients. The outcome of stroke is shown to be worse in ... | These data suggest that diabetes aggravates the ischemic damage after focal cerebral ischemia and statin pre-treatment protects the brain in diabetic as well as healthy animals. Statin treatment may favorably affect stroke outcome in diabetic patients in addition to decreasing stroke incidence. | yes |
17,275,847 | Does inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 protect against tissue injury in carbon tetrachloride exposed livers? | {
"contexts": [
"During the metabolism of the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) by cytochrome P450, heme, and free radicals are released. Heme oxygenase (HO-1) is an enzyme that is induced by heme as well as oxidative stress and has been reported to be involved in mediating protection against toxic liver ... | Taken together, inhibition of HO-1 in CCl(4)-hepatotoxicity protected the liver, while higher HO-1 activity harmed liver tissue, most probably due to interference of the HO-1 pathway with CCl(4)-dependent metabolism via cytochrome P450 and heme overload-associated toxicity. | yes |
17,275,844 | Is vEGF important for early liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to determine the role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) on the microvasculature and on angiogenetic gene expression after partial hepatectomy (PH) in the rat model.",
"To determine the effect of exogenous and endogenous VEGF after PH, rats were subjected to... | VEGF plays an important role in liver regeneration and this may be due in part through its effects on neovascularization. Whether it may, when given therapeutically, represent a strategy to optimize liver regeneration in problematic patients needs to be clarified. | yes |
17,275,845 | Does low-dose phosphodiesterase inhibition improve responsiveness to inhaled nitric oxide in isolated lungs from endotoxemic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) and inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) selectively dilate the pulmonary circulation in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) associated with pulmonary hypertension. PDE5 inhibitors administered at doses that decrease pulmonary artery pressures have been ... | Subthreshold doses of PDE5 inhibitors improved responsiveness to inhaled NO. Combining inhaled NO with subthreshold doses of PDE5 inhibitors may offer a therapeutic strategy with minimal side-effects in ALI associated with pulmonary hypertension. | yes |
17,274,347 | Is pre-hypertension a common phenomenon : national database study? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently the Joint National Committee (7th report) introduced the term \"pre-hypertension.\" Little is known on its prevalence in the general population.",
"To assess the prevalence of pre-hypertension in a large national cohort.",
"We analyzed the database of all > or = 18 year old membe... | BP levels among young people are low, even though the prevalence of pre-hypertension in this population may be high. Thus, more emphasis should be given to routine BP measurements and confirmation of the findings in all age groups. | yes |
17,295,734 | Does ebselen prevent chronic alcohol-induced rat hippocampal stress and functional impairment? | {
"contexts": [
"Most of the previously published data suggest a role for oxidative or nitrosative stress in ethanol-induced nervous system damage. Moreover, ethanol is able to impair learning abilities in adult mammalian brain, a process suggested to be directly related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Ebselen, a sy... | The results herein strongly suggest that oxidative mechanisms may underlie the hippocampal effects of ethanol in adult rats, in view of the protective effect of ebselen. | yes |
17,283,877 | Do [ Analysis of correlation factors affecting the incidence of burn shock ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the correlation factors affecting the incidence of burn shock, so as to provide guidance for the clinical treatment of shock after burns.",
"Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 15 624 patients hospitalized in our department from 1973 to 2005 was undertaken . The incidence of... | For the children and aged people, special attention should be paid in the prevention and resuscitation of burn shock. Early fluid resuscitation is vital for the prevention of organ complication, and it is beneficial to promote wound healing. | yes |
17,283,875 | Do [ Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of a new hydroxyethyl starch used in resuscitation of burn shock ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/ 0.4, 60 g/L) in resuscitation during shock stage of burns.",
"Sixty-six burn patients who were admitted to hospital within 2 hours after burn injury requiring fluid resuscitation were enrolled into this study, and they ... | New type of HES can partially substitute plasma and be used in fluid resuscitation for burn patients. However, plasma protein replenishment should still be emphasized. | yes |
17,294,189 | Does myocardial pre-synaptic sympathetic function correlate with glucose uptake in the failing human heart? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that the myocardium of patients with heart failure (HF) is insulin resistant. Chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation has been implicated in insulin resistance in cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro, where sustained noradrenaline stimulation inhibited insulin-modulated glucose u... | The results of this study provide novel evidence of a correlation between cardiac sympathetic function and insulin sensitivity, which may represent one of the mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance in failing human hearts. | yes |
17,287,912 | Does postural instability necessarily correlate to poor performance : case in point? | {
"contexts": [
"It is very important for surgeons who perform minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to maintain proper postural stability, which kinematic research can determine. Previous studies in surgical ergonomics have shown that postural stability is correlated to instrument type, task difficulty, and skill lev... | This case study indicated that poor joint kinematics or postural stability does not necessarily correlate to poor performance. Instead, they may indicate positive compensatory or strategic movements. | no |
17,274,721 | Does the use of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate block with platelet-rich plasma as an onlay bone graft biomaterial? | {
"contexts": [
"An experimental study of rabbit calvaria evaluated the suitability of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) block as a biomaterial for onlay bone grafting and determined whether the addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can accelerate bone formation inside the pores of the beta-TCP block."... | Porous beta-TCP block is a promising biomaterial for clinical situations requiring bone augmentation; however, the addition of PRP did not induce significantly more new bone formation. | yes |
17,274,723 | Is extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 involved in ascorbic acid-induced osteoblastic differentiation in periodontal ligament cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells possess osteoblast-like properties and play key roles in periodontal regeneration. Previously, we have reported that ascorbic acid promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells by modulating the type I collagen-integrin interaction. However, the signaling... | These results indicate that ERK1/2 is involved in ascorbic acid-induced osteoblastic differentiation during PDL cell attachment to type I collagen. | yes |
17,295,605 | Does vitamin K deficiency from long-term warfarin anticoagulation alter skeletal status in male rhesus monkeys? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin K (K) inadequacy may cause bone loss. Thus, K deficiency induced by anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) may be an osteoporosis risk factor. The skeletal impact of long-term warfarin anticoagulation was evaluated in male monkeys. No effect on BMD or bone markers of skeletal turnover was observ... | In male rhesus monkeys, long-term W anticoagulation does not alter serum markers of bone turnover or BMD. Long-term W therapy does not have adverse skeletal consequences in primates with high intakes of calcium and vitamin D. | no |
17,270,047 | Is respiratory syncytial virus infection in Fischer 344 rats attenuated by short interfering RNA against the RSV-NS1 gene? | {
"contexts": [
"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe bronchiolitis and is a risk factor for asthma. Since there is no commercially available vaccine against RSV, a short interfering RNA against the RSV-NS1gene (siNS1) was developed and its potential for decreasing RSV infection and infection-associate... | The use of siNS1 prophylaxis may be an effective method for preventing RSV bronchiolitis and potentially reducing the later development of asthma associated with severe respiratory infections. | yes |
17,278,219 | Does pretreatment with adenosine and adenosine A1 receptor agonist protect against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of adenosine and A1 receptor activation on reperfusion-induced small intestinal injury.",
"Rats were randomized into groups with sham operation, ischemia and reperfusion, and systemic treatments with either adenosine or 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine, A1 receptor ag... | The data suggest that adenosine and A1 receptor stimulation attenuate ischemic intestinal injury via decreasing oxidative stress, lowering neutrophil infiltration, and increasing reduced glutathione content. | yes |
17,286,852 | Does loss of Parp-1 affect gene expression profile in a genome-wide manner in ES cells and liver cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Many lines of evidence suggest that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp-1) is involved in transcriptional regulation of various genes as a coactivator or a corepressor by modulating chromatin structure. However, the impact of Parp-1-deficiency on the regulation of genome-wide gene expression has ... | These results suggest that Parp-1 is required to maintain transcriptional regulation of a wide variety of genes on a genome-wide scale. The gene expression profiles in Parp-1-deficient cells may be useful to delineate the functional role of Parp-1 in epigenetic regulation of the genomes involved in various biological p... | yes |
17,295,919 | Does elimination of laboratory ozone lead to a dramatic improvement in the reproducibility of microarray gene expression measurements? | {
"contexts": [
"Environmental ozone can rapidly degrade cyanine 5 (Cy5), a fluorescent dye commonly used in microarray gene expression studies. Cyanine 3 (Cy3) is much less affected by atmospheric ozone. Degradation of the Cy5 signal relative to the Cy3 signal in 2-color microarrays will adversely reduce the Cy5... | Simple installation of carbon filters in the laboratory air handling system resulted in low and consistent ozone levels. This allowed the accurate determination of gene expression by microarray using Cy5 and Cy3 fluorescent dyes. | yes |
17,270,673 | Are association between vision loss and higher medical care costs in Medicare beneficiaries costs greater for those with progressive vision loss? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify the cost to the Medicare program for patients with either stable or progressive vision loss and to estimate the impact on eye-related and non-eye related care.",
"Retrospective cohort study.",
"The study population was Medicare beneficiaries included in the standard 5% analyti... | Medicare beneficiaries with coded diagnoses of vision loss incur significantly higher costs than those with normal vision, and approximately 90% of these costs are non-eye related medical costs. Extrapolating to the entire Medicare population, blindness and vision loss are associated with $2.14 billion in 2003 non-eye ... | yes |
17,270,677 | Is cataract surgery associated with a higher rate of photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association between cataract surgery and the rate of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).",
"Observational population-based retrospective case-control study.",
"All members in a district of the largest health maintenance organization (H... | We identified an increased rate of PDT, presumably for subfoveal AMD, 1 to 1.5 years after cataract surgery. | yes |
17,295,868 | Does spontaneous bacterial peritonitis result in oxidative and nitrosative stress in ascitic fluid? | {
"contexts": [
"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a major complication of liver cirrhosis and accounts for significant mortality. Although oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide been implicated in the pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis, information on their role during the development of SBP is scarce. T... | This study demonstrated the presence of oxidative stress in ascitic fluid from patients with SBP, and showed that ascitic fluid nitrate may be a marker for diagnosing SBP and a useful index in determining therapeutic response to antibiotic treatment. | yes |
17,295,866 | Are maternal hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA positivity and sexual intercourse associated with HBV intrauterine transmission in China : a prospective case-control study? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) intrauterine transmission from infected mothers contributes significantly to the persistence of the high number of HBV carriers. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for HBV intrauterine transmission.",
"A case-control study was performed on pre... | The risk of HBV intrauterine transmission increased with increased frequency of sexual intercourse. Therefore, it is concluded that maternal HBV DNA positivity and sexual intercourse in the second trimester are independent risk factors for HBV intrauterine transmission. | yes |
17,295,864 | Does mild zinc deficiency and dietary phytic acid accelerate the development of fulminant hepatitis in LEC rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Restriction of copper intake delays hepatic copper accumulation in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, which are animal models of Wilson's disease. Involvement of zinc is suggested to develop hepatitis in the disease; however, this has not been clarified. The aims of this study were to investigate th... | Mild zinc deficiencies caused by a low zinc or phytate-containing diet accelerate the onset of hepatitis in LEC rats without increasing copper absorption, and zinc and iron metabolism may be involved in the earlier onset of jaundice of LEC rats. | yes |
17,286,334 | Do different components of opioid-substitution treatment predict outcomes of patients with and without a parent with substance-use problems? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine how the treatment needs and outcomes of polysubstance-using patients entering opioid-substitution treatment (OST) may be affected if the patient had a parent with substance-use problems.",
"This prospective observational study examined outcomes of 255 pa... | The importance of counseling and medication components of OST may differ depending on family history. For parent history-negative patients, medication maintenance may be more therapeutically necessary. | yes |
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