pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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15,371,878 | Does autocrine over expression of fibronectin by human transitional carcinoma cells impair bacillus Calmette-Guerin adherence and signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) binds to the tumor cell as a result of mycobacterial receptors for fibronectin (FN). Cell surface bound FN serves as a bridge through which BCG attaches to the tumor cell. Despite the importance of FN studies have demonstrated an idiosyncratic decrease in BCG adhere... | We propose that by saturating cellular and BCG receptors excess FN expression decreases the ability of cellular or mycobacterial bound FN to bind vacant receptors on BCG or on the cell. Excess FN inhibits BCG adherence and BCG initiated signal transduction. | yes |
15,371,879 | Do prostate cancer detection on urinalysis for alpha methylacyl coenzyme a racemase protein? | {
"contexts": [
"We assessed the feasibility of a novel urinary test for prostate cancer based on the presence of alpha methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) protein in voided urine specimens obtained after prostate biopsy.",
"Clean catch voided urine specimens were prospectively collected from 26 consecutiv... | We report the feasibility of a novel, noninvasive, nonprostate specific antigen based molecular approach to detect prostate cancer in voided urine. To our knowledge this is the first report of AMACR protein detection in the urine of patients with prostate cancer. A screening test based on urinary AMACR may develop into... | yes |
15,378,523 | Do androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer epithelial and peritumoral stromal cells identify non-organ confined disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Although up to 30% of men who undergo radical prostatectomy for clinically organ-confined prostate cancer will relapse with disseminated disease, currently it is not possible to predict these patients.",
"Androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity in stromal and epithelial compartments of tumor ... | These findings suggest that AR is an important determinant of disease relapse in early stage prostate cancer, and that altered AR levels in the malignant epithelial cells or in the peritumoral stroma is indicative of non-organ confined prostate cancer. | yes |
15,378,522 | Does melatonin reduce prostate cancer cell growth leading to neuroendocrine differentiation via a receptor and PKA independent mechanism? | {
"contexts": [
"Melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland, inhibits the growth of several types of cancer cells. Melatonin limits human prostate cancer cell growth by a mechanism which involves the regulation of androgen receptor function but it is not clear whether other mechanisms may also be i... | The treatment of prostate cancer cells with pharmacological concentrations of melatonin influences not only androgen-sensitive but also androgen-insensitive epithelial prostate cancer cells. Cell differentiation promoted by melatonin is not mediated by PKA activation although it increases, in a transitory manner, intra... | yes |
15,372,411 | Do staphylococcus aureus antigens induce IgA-type glomerulonephritis in Balb/c mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common, normal pathogenic flora that colonizes mucosal tissues. We previously reported that glomerulonephritis occurs during methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection, and demonstrated polyclonal elevation of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG levels and v... | S. aureus antigens including, in particular, a 30-35 kDa protein and the host genetic background could play important roles in IgA-like glomerulonephritis pathogenesis. | yes |
15,364,624 | Does tyrphostin AGL-2043 eluting stent reduce neointima formation in porcine coronary arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"Tyrphostin AGL-2043 is a potent tricyclic quinoxaline inhibitor of PDGF beta-receptor tyrosine kinase (PTK), Kit, and Flt3. We have shown previously that selective inhibition of PDGF beta-receptor PTK by tyrphostins markedly reduces SMC proliferation and migration in vitro, reduces neointima form... | Stent-based delivery of tyrphostin AGL-2043 from a biodegradable polymeric coating reduces in-stent neointimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries by 50% after 28 days and preserves lumen area. Long-term studies should be the next step in testing applicability to the human interventional setting. | yes |
15,379,838 | Does psychological support counselling improve gluten-free diet compliance in coeliac patients with affective disorders? | {
"contexts": [
"Anxiety and depression are common features of coeliac disease. Depression is cause of non-compliance to treatment in chronic illness.",
"To evaluate the useful of psychological support counselling to improve affective disorders and gluten-free diet adherence in coeliac disease with anxiety an... | In coeliac disease patients with affective disorders psychological support seems to be able to reduce depression and to increase gluten-free diet compliance. | yes |
15,379,836 | Is there no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial.",
"To compare the severity of GERD in infected vs. non-infected patients, as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial that examines the impact of H. pylori eradication on GERD-related outcomes.... | This prospective, double-blind study demonstrates, using excellent GERD quantifying measures including validated symptom severity scores, endoscopy, and 24-h pH-metry, that there exist no clinically significant differences in clinical or laboratory-related GERD manifestations between H. pylori-infected and non-infected... | yes |
15,377,391 | Does heme oxygenase-2 gene deletion attenuate oxidative stress in neurons exposed to extracellular hemin? | {
"contexts": [
"Hemin, the oxidized form of heme, accumulates in intracranial hematomas and is a potent oxidant. Growing evidence suggests that it contributes to delayed injury to surrounding tissue, and that this process is affected by the heme oxygenase enzymes. In a prior study, heme oxygenase-2 gene deletion... | These results suggest that HO-2 gene deletion protects neurons in mixed neuron-astrocyte cultures from heme-mediated oxidative injury. Selective inhibition of neuronal HO-2 may have a beneficial effect after CNS hemorrhage. | yes |
15,377,390 | Are early visual evoked potentials modulated by eye position in humans induced by whole body rotations? | {
"contexts": [
"To reach and grasp an object in space on the basis of its image cast on the retina requires different coordinate transformations that take into account gaze and limb positioning. Eye position in the orbit influences the image's conversion from retinotopic (eye-centered) coordinates to an egocentr... | The present modulation of the early component of VEP suggests an eye position-dependent activity of the human primary visual area. Our findings also evidence that cortical processes combine information about the position of the stimulus on the retinae with information about the location of the eyes in their orbit as ea... | yes |
15,372,277 | Does chemotherapy affect the pattern of failure after shear loading of the proximal tibial growth plate? | {
"contexts": [
"Tibial bones are shorter and less resistant to shear forces after treatment with doxorubicin, methotrexate, or cisplatin. We investigated the pattern of failure after shear loading of the proximal tibial growth plate in rats treated with these chemotherapeutic agents.",
"Male Wistar rats from... | Doxorubicin affects the pattern of failure after shear loading of the proximal tibial growth plate, but methotrexate and cisplatin do not. Special attention should be paid to epiphyseal injuries in children treated with doxorubicin. | yes |
15,370,742 | Does development of ICF Core set for patients with chronic conditions? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the ICF Core Sets project is the development of internationally agreed Brief ICF Core Sets and Comprehensive ICF Core Sets.",
"The methods to develop both ICF Core Sets, the Comprehensive ICF Core Set and the Brief ICF Core Set, involved a formal decision-making and consensus... | Both, the Brief ICF Core Sets and the Comprehensive ICF Core Sets are preliminary and need to be tested in the coming years based on a standardized protocol in close cooperation with the ICF research branch of the WHO FIC CC (DIMDI) in Munich and the CAS team at WHO. The final goals are valid and globally agreed tools ... | yes |
15,389,793 | Does increased CD59 protein expression predict a PSA relapse in patients after radical prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Human protectin (CD59) is a regulator of complement activation that inhibits complement-mediated cell lysis, and thus might confer immune resistance to tumor cells. CD59 expression has been described in a variety of human malignancies, including breast cancer. Since a comprehensive investigation ... | CD59 protein is strongly expressed in 36% of adenocarcinomas of the prostate and and is associated with disease progression and adverse patient prognosis. | yes |
15,380,887 | Does phloridzin improve absorption of genistin in isolated rat small intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"Cancer-protective effects of isoflavones like genistin or genistein are well known. High intakes and an adequate absorption rate of isoflavones are necessary for efficient chemoprevention, though other dietary agents might increase absorption efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the... | The naturally occurring substance phloridzin, present in apples, thus considerably amplify genistin absorption. These effects might offer a promising novel method in designing functional foods for cancer prevention by combining genistin- and phloridzin-containing foods. | yes |
15,380,889 | Does perioperative nutrition prevent the early protein losses in patients submitted to gastrointestinal surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The metabolic response to surgery includes a net loss of proteins that influences negatively the clinical evolution of the patients. We investigated the effect of perioperative nutrition on protein metabolism alterations immediately after surgery.",
"A control group of 21 surgery patients wer... | Perioperative nutrition prevents the early protein losses after gastrointestinal surgery. | yes |
15,383,148 | Is ability to perform activities of daily living the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia? | {
"contexts": [
"Dementia is a chronic illness associated with a progressive loss of cognitive and intellectual abilities, such as memory, judgment and abstract thinking. The objective of this study was to assess the health utilities of patients with dementia in Europe and identify the key factors influencing the... | Dependency upon others to perform ADL was the main factor affecting HRQoL. | yes |
15,380,029 | Do comparative genomics of cyclin-dependent kinases suggest co-evolution of the RNAP II C-terminal domain and CTD-directed CDKs? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a large family of proteins that function in a variety of key regulatory pathways in eukaryotic cells, including control over the cell cycle and gene transcription. Among the most important and broadly studied of these roles is reversible phosphorylation of the ... | The apparent origins of CDK7 and CDK8, or at least their conservation as clearly recognizable orthologous families, correlate with strong stabilizing selection on RNAP II CTD structure. This suggests co-evolution of the CTD and these CTD-directed CDKs. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that CDK7 and CD... | yes |
15,380,027 | Do activation of Erk and JNK MAPK pathways by acute swim stress in rat brain regions? | {
"contexts": [
"The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been shown to participate in a wide array of cellular functions. A role for some MAPKs (e.g., extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Erk1/2) has been documented in response to certain physiological stimuli, such as ischemia, visceral pain and ele... | Swim stress specifically and markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of the MAPKKs P-MEK1/2 and P-MKK4 in all brain regions tested without apparent alteration in the phosphorylation of P-MKK3/6. Curiously, phosphorylation of their cognate substrates (Erk and JNK) was increased to a much more modest extent, and in some br... | yes |
15,368,475 | Does restoration of fibroblast growth factor receptor2 suppress growth and tumorigenicity of malignant human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) expedite stromal-epithelial communication in development and homeostasis of the human prostate. Loss of resident epithelial cell FGFR2IIIb that responds to stromal FGF7 and FGF10 accompanies malignant progression of both model animal an... | The results indicate that restoration of FGFR2IIIb to the malignant human prostate epithelial cell prototype PC-3 restores properties associated with nonmalignant tumors and normal cells. This further suggests that epithelial cell resident, homeostasis-promoting FGFR2 may be involved in suppression of malignancy and th... | yes |
15,365,928 | Are thoracic epidural local anesthetics ineffective in alleviating post-thoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was conducted to estimate the incidence and clinical predictors of post-thoracotomy shoulder pain and to determine the effectiveness of thoracic epidural block in alleviating this pain.",
"A prospective clinical trial.",
"University teaching hospital.",
"Thirty-two adult pa... | It is concluded that post-thoracotomy shoulder pain is a common problem, and the previously mentioned variables did not predict its appearance. Thoracic epidural block is effective in the treatment of incision but not shoulder pain. The NSAID indomethacin suppository was found to be effective for that problem. | yes |
15,376,386 | Does [ Studies on purification of polyprenol from Ginkgo biloba L. leave ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To research the methods of purifying polyprenol from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L..",
"The purity of polyprenol was determined by HPLC to select the optimal purifying conditions.",
"The optimal conditions were degreased by 160 times of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (9:1) firstly, then throug... | The methods are feasible to purify polyprenol from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. and could increase the purity of polyprenol obviously. | yes |
15,364,745 | Does intracoronary verapamil rapidly terminate reperfusion tachyarrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"The restoration of coronary flow after transient ischemia immediately induces life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Although most of these arrhythmias disappear spontaneously, some of them induce serious hemodynamic changes. This retrospective study investigates the efficacy of therapy w... | Intracoronary administration of verapamil can safely terminate reperfusion-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a rapid manner. However, this effect was not seen for reperfusion-induced VF. | yes |
15,364,847 | Does restrictive annuloplasty and coronary revascularization in ischemic mitral regurgitation result in reverse left ventricular remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"Data on combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and restrictive annuloplasty in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy are scarce, and the effect on reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling is unknown.",
"51 patients with ischemic LV dysfunction (LV ejection fraction 31+/-8%) and sever... | Excellent results of combined restrictive annuloplasty and CABG were obtained. Residual mitral regurgitation was absent/minimal at 2-year follow-up, associated with a significant reduction in left atrial dimension and LV reverse remodeling. | yes |
15,364,846 | Does undersized mitral annuloplasty alter left ventricular shape during acute ischemic mitral regurgitation? | {
"contexts": [
"Underlying left ventricular (LV) dysfunction contributes to poor survival after operation to correct ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Many surgeons do not appreciate that a key component of the Bolling undersized mitral ring annuloplasty concept is to decrease LV wall stress by altering LV sh... | Acute proximal circumflex occlusion caused IMR and increased end-systolic LV radii of curvature in this experimental preparation. Annular reduction sufficient to abolish IMR also decreased end-systolic anterior and posterior LV ROC, which would be expected to reduce LV wall stress and oxygen consumption in these region... | yes |
15,383,023 | Does role of platelet surface glycoprotein Ibalpha and P-selectin in the clearance of transfused platelet concentrate? | {
"contexts": [
"Role of P-selectin (CD62) and glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha in posttransfusion clearance of platelet concentrates (PCs) is unclear.",
"Platelet (PLT) activation in vitro was determined by flow cytometry using anti-CD62 and anti-GPIbalpha. PC clearance in vivo was evaluated in an animal model usin... | These data suggest that CD62 exposure on the PLT surface during PC storage triggers fast CD62-mediated PC clearance, whereas in vitro GPIbalpha changes are involved in delayed GPIbalpha-mediated PC clearance. | yes |
15,378,479 | Is mac-2-binding protein a diagnostic marker for biliary tract carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Biliary tract carcinoma is a deadly disease, accounting for nearly 4500 malignancy-related deaths each year in the United States. Early detection has the potential to improve survival for patients with biliary tract malignancies, enabling curative surgical resection. Early detection approaches wo... | Biliary Mac-2BP levels, especially when used in conjunction with biliary CA19-9 levels, showed promise as a novel diagnostic marker for biliary tract carcinoma. | yes |
15,377,851 | Does failure of high risk women to produce nipple aspirate fluid exclude detection of cytologic atypia in random periareolar fine needle aspiration specimens? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence of hyperplasia with atypia found both on random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) and in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) fluid are associated with an increased risk for breast cancer.",
"In this study, we report the correlation of NAF production with cytological assessment of du... | Although prevalence of RPFNA atypia was numerically higher in NAF producers than non-producers the difference did not reach statistical significance. Failure to produce NAF does not exclude the presence of hyperplasia with atypia by random periareolar fine needle aspiration. | no |
15,366,425 | Does captopril suppress post-transplantation angiogenic activity in rat allograft coronary vessels? | {
"contexts": [
"The development of transplant coronary artery disease is associated with neovascularization in the thickened neointima. We previously reported that captopril inhibits neointimal proliferation in a rat allograft model. We postulated that angiogenic inducers are upregulated post-transplantation and... | After transplantation, coronary vessels switch to an angiogenic phenotype and vascular endothelial growth factor contributes to the high angiogenic activity, possibly exacerbated by high circulating levels of platelet-activating factor. The ability of captopril to modulate angiogenic mediators and maintain the allograf... | yes |
15,369,621 | Are full-term , peri-urban South African infants under 6 months of age at risk for early-onset anaemia? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a paucity of data on the micronutrient status of low-income, lactating South African women and their infants under 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to elucidate the level of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in peri-urban breast-feeding women and their young infants.",
... | A high rate of anaemia is present in lactating women residing in resource-poor settings. Moreover, their seemingly healthy infants under 6 months of age are at an elevated risk of developing early-onset anaemia and at lower risk of VAD. | yes |
15,364,625 | Does inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction involve reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidant stress? | {
"contexts": [
"Our aim was to investigate mechanisms of inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans.",
"Endothelial function in twenty-one healthy human volunteers was measured using forearm venous plethysmography before and 8 h after administration of typhoid vaccination to generate an inflammat... | Inflammation causes widespread endothelial dysfunction, reduces vascular NO bioavailability and increases oxidative stress. These actions are partially reversible with local anti-oxidants. These findings suggest a role for reactive oxygen species in inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction. | yes |
15,364,623 | Does inflammatory signaling pathway containing TRAF6 contribute to neointimal formation via diverse mechanisms? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of inflammatory signaling containing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to neointimal formation in a balloon injury model of rabbit carotid artery.",
"Male Japanese white rabbits fed a normal diet were used.... | TRAF6 plays important roles in cell replication and migration, besides promotion of inflammatory cell infiltration and suppression of apoptosis. | yes |
15,364,622 | Does 7-Ketocholesterol induce reversible cytochrome c release in smooth muscle cells in absence of mitochondrial swelling? | {
"contexts": [
"7-Ketocholesterol, a major oxysterol in oxidized low-density lipoproteins in advanced atherosclerotic plaques, induces vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) death. We investigated whether cytochrome c release participated in SMC death induced by 7-ketocholesterol and whether the processes were revers... | The results indicate that cytochrome c release during oxysterol-induced SMC apoptosis is not caspase-dependent and occurs as a result of a reversible mitochondrial conformational change rather than swelling and rupture of the outer membrane. The reversibility of these events suggests that the apoptotic cascade could be... | yes |
15,369,792 | Does cigarette suppress the expression of P4Halpha and vascular collagen production? | {
"contexts": [
"Collagen plays a major role in arterial wall remodeling, aneurysm formation, and atherosclerotic cap stability. Smokers often have weakened arterial walls associating with aneurysm and thinned atherosclerotic plaque caps leading to rupture and acute coronary syndromes. We hypothesize that these d... | Our study suggests that cigarette may interfere with one of the key enzymes in arterial wall collagen metabolism, which may be responsible for thin fibrous cap in atherosclerotic lesion, impaired arterial wall extensibility, and increased likelihood of aneurysm in smokers. | yes |
15,374,558 | Does timing of administration of dolasetron affect dose necessary to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if the timing of administration affects the dose of dolasetron necessary to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).",
"Pooled data from 8 randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with common endpoints.",
"University hospital.",
"A total ... | When dosed near the end of anesthesia, a 12.5 mg IV dose of dolasetron was comparable to higher doses administered at or before induction of anesthesia. | yes |
15,374,555 | Is a noninvasive partial carbon dioxide rebreathing technique for measurement of pulmonary capillary blood flow also a useful oxygenation monitor during one-lung ventilation? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that effective pulmonary capillary blood flow can be a useful indicator for estimating appropriate oxygenation and ventilation during one-lung ventilation in lung surgery.",
"Prospective data analysis.",
"A 770-bed general teaching hospital.",
"15 ASA physical s... | Effective pulmonary capillary blood flow index and effective pulmonary blood stroke flow index are useful indicators for determining appropriate oxygenation therapy during one-lung ventilation. | yes |
15,380,893 | Is de novo glutamine synthesis induced by corticosteroids in vivo in rats secondary to weight loss? | {
"contexts": [
"Corticosteroid treatment affects muscle protein and glutamine metabolism. In the present study we aimed to clarify to what extent anorexia, weight loss and corticosteroids determine protein and glutamine metabolism in muscle.",
"The study was performed in Wistar rats (300-350 g, n = 40) given... | Two weeks treatment with triamcinolone increases net in vivo protein breakdown of muscle directly and indirectly due to secondary weight loss and decreased food intake. The amino acid residues are used for glutamine de novo synthesis which is exported from muscle to visceral organs by down regulation of glutamine trans... | yes |
15,377,350 | Is oxidative stress implicated in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus? | {
"contexts": [
"Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown aetiology which can be associated with secondary malignancies. Recent evidence supports an autoimmune basis for this disorder, as demonstrated by autoantibodies to extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM-1). The pathophysiologica... | This is the first study to demonstrate oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and proteins in LS, revealing a novel pathophysiological mechanism which may contribute to sclerosis, autoimmunity and carcinogenesis. Therapeutic strategies using antioxidants might be a useful new approach in the treatment of LS and could also hel... | yes |
15,377,357 | Do cARD15/NOD2 single nucleotide polymorphisms confer susceptibility to type I psoriasis? | {
"contexts": [
"A psoriasis susceptibility locus on chromosome 16q was identified recently. This region coincides with a locus predisposing to Crohn's disease. Patients with Crohn's disease have a fivefold greater relative risk for development of psoriasis. In Crohn's disease mutation of the caspase recruitment ... | The most complete assessment of CARD15 SNPs in type I psoriasis to date reveals no evidence of association to type I psoriasis. | no |
15,376,482 | Are structural abnormalities similar in familial and nonfamilial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Diffuse temporal lobe abnormalities can be observed on MRI of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Our objective was to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of temporal lobe structures in patients with familial MTLE (FMTLE) and nonfamilial MTLE.",
"Two groups of patien... | Anterior temporal lobe atrophy and other abnormalities outside the mesial portion of temporal lobes were infrequent in both familial and nonfamilial MTLE patients. Despite the genetic basis, hippocampal atrophy in FMTLE is not associated with other abnormalities outside the mesial temporal regions. | yes |
15,376,481 | Are tAU mutations a predominant cause of frontotemporal dementia in Canadian patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Frontotemporal dementia is a neurodegenerative disease affecting mostly the frontal and/or temporal lobes, with neuronal loss and intraneuronal and/or intraglial inclusions composed of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau and ubiquitin. Missense and splice site mutations in the ... | Our results agree with previous work suggesting that mutations in this gene are not a frequent cause of the frontotemporal dementia phenotype in Canadian patients. | no |
15,382,149 | Does single-cell gel electrophoresis assay monitor precise kinetics of DNA fragmentation induced during programmed cell death? | {
"contexts": [
"Single-cell gel electrophoresis, or the comet assay, a technique widely used for DNA damage analysis, has been used recently for detecting DNA fragmentation in cells undergoing apoptosis. However, the number of variants of this assay used thus far primarily detected the late stages of DNA fragmen... | The present single-cell gel electrophoresis assay offers a significant improvement in monitoring the kinetics of DNA fragmentation induced during programmed cell death. Coupled with its simplicity and the ability to detect responses of small cell subpopulations, this method can be used for a reliable and sensitive anal... | yes |
15,365,622 | Does spironolactone impair endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Aldosterone blockade has followed in the footsteps of ACE inhibition in reducing mortality in patients with heart failure. This is associated with its beneficial effects on endothelial function and heart rate variability. Diabetes is another area, where angiotensin II withdrawal has proven to be ... | Spironolactone worsened endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings are possibly due to the worsening of glycaemic control and increase in plasma angiotensin II that were seen with spironolactone treatment. Thus the prescription of spironolactone to diabetic patients... | yes |
15,365,543 | Do endoscopic rehabilitation of vocal cord paralysis with a silicone elastomer suspension implant? | {
"contexts": [
"Because of the side effects of Teflon, the risk of infection from the use of collagen, autologous fat resorption, and the lack of alternative substances, injection laryngoplasty tends to be replaced by laryngeal framework surgery as the method of choice for the treatment of unilateral vocal cord ... | The use of SSEI is safe. Injection laryngoplasty is easy to perform and avoids cervical scarring. Its results are comparable to those obtained with other techniques, including laryngeal framework surgery, even if there is no standard criterion for the evaluation of voice quality. SSEI injection can reasonably be propos... | yes |
15,385,011 | Does droperidol for perioperative sedation cause a transient prolongation of the QTc time in children under volatile anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Droperidol is useful for postoperative sedation in infants and children after cardiac surgery because it provides sedation and akinesia with minimal respiratory depression. However, droperidol has been associated with QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. We investigated, if neuroleptanalg... | The statistically significant prolongation of QTc time after a sedative dose of droperidol is of concern because it may increase the risk for malignant cardiac arrhythmias. A large, prospective study is necessary to identify the true risk for arrhythmias after droperidol in this patient population, but our study sugges... | yes |
15,389,380 | Is [ A perioperative screening for metastatic disease indicated in patients with primary breast cancer and no clinical signs of tumor spread ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Is a perioperative metastatic screening programme indicated in patients presenting with primary operable breast cancer and no signs of distant metastases?",
"The impact of staging results (chest X-ray, bone scanning, liver ultrasound) for prognosis, treatment, quality of life and costs was re... | In breast cancer patients without clinical signs of tumor spread perioperative screening for metastases is not warranted because of low frequency of metastases, false positive findings, missing therapeutic consequences and high costs. | no |
15,388,378 | Does experiential learning influence residents knowledge about hormone replacement therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Knowledge concerning hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is rapidly changing.",
"We sought to understand the factors that influence how residents assimilate this knowledge.",
"We conducted an anonymous survey of residents in an internal medicine residency. Questions included personal demogr... | Nontraditional residency track and higher proportion of postmenopausal women in a practice (experiential learning) improve knowledge about HRT. Didactic training has no effect. | yes |
15,364,855 | Is pulmonary regurgitation an important determinant of right ventricular contractile dysfunction in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot? | {
"contexts": [
"Evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function in patients with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) after tetralogy repair remains challenging because of abnormal RV loading conditions.",
"We examined 124 patients, aged 21+/-11.4 years, who had tetralogy repair at 3.7+/-3.5 years. By Doppler echocard... | Although load-dependent myocardial velocities and strain are not influenced by the severity of PR and presence of significant TR, IVA demonstrates reduced contractile function in relation to the degree of PR and may be an early, sensitive index for selecting patients for valve replacement. | yes |
15,364,859 | Does atrial natriuretic peptide help prevent late remodeling after left ventricular aneurysm repair? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular aneurysm repair (LVR) reduces LV wall stress and improves LV function. However, as we reported previously, the initial improvement of LVR was short-term because of LV remodeling but could be maintained longer with postoperative use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibi... | Intravenous administration of ANP had beneficial effects on LV remodeling, function, and fibrosis after LVR. ANP could be a useful intravenous infusion drug for postoperative management after LV repair surgery. | yes |
15,364,767 | Is experimental human endotoxemia associated with depression of load-independent contractility indices : prevention by the lipid a analogue E5531? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the efficacy of a novel lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antagonist, E5531, in blocking LPS-induced cardiac responses including myocardial depression (as assessed by relatively load-independent echocardiographic indices of contractility) in a human model of experimental endotoxemia.",
"Ra... | Endotoxin generates significant myocardial depression when measured using highly load-independent indices of cardiac contractility. E5531 is a potent inhibitor of the early hyperdynamic cardiovascular and later myocardial depression response seen in experimental human endotoxemia. | yes |
15,364,883 | Is survivin an independent prognostic marker for risk stratification of breast cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Results in previous qualitative studies of the association of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin with prognosis of breast cancer patients have been contradictory.",
"Survivin mRNA was measured by quantitative TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR in 275 breast cancer tissues from patients with opera... | Survivin demonstrates a strong, independent, association with poor prognosis. Survivin might be used as a new marker to stratify breast cancer patients for more optimal treatment modalities, or it could be a promising new target for therapy. | yes |
15,369,603 | Does endoplasmic reticulum degradation impede olfactory G-protein coupled receptor functional expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Research on olfactory G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been severely impeded by poor functional expression in heterologous systems. Previously, we demonstrated that inefficient olfactory receptor (OR) expression at the plasma membrane is attributable, in part, to degradation of endoplasmic... | These findings demonstrate that poor functional expression of mOREG in heterologous cells is improved by blocking proteolysis. Inhibition of ER degradation may improve the function of other ORs and assist future efforts to elucidate the molecular basis of odor discrimination. | yes |
15,369,183 | Does overexpression of iNOS gene suppress the tumorigenicity and metastasis of oral cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with inflammatory processes and cancer formation through production of nitric oxide (NO). However, the clinical importance of the expression of iNOS in oral cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether up-regulation of ... | These findings suggest that up-regulation of the iNOS gene may suppress the tumorigenicity and metastasis of oral cancer cells. | yes |
15,386,332 | Is 2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging predictive of pathologic response and survival after preoperative chemoradiation in patients with esophageal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The current study was performed to assess the value of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in predicting the pathologic response and survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) and tumor resection. Preliminary reports... | Post-CRT FDG-PET was found to be predictive of pathologic response and survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma who undergo preoperative CRT. Esophagectomy should still be considered even if the post-CRT FDG-PET scan is normal because microscopic residual disease cannot be ruled out. | yes |
15,387,984 | Does [ Osteoporosis impair fracture healing of tibia in a rat osteoporotic model ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the influence of osteoporosis on fracture healing.",
"Eighty-four 4 months old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into osteoporosis (OP) group and sham operation (SO) group, 42 in each. Rats in OP group were performed ovariectomy operation while those in SO group wit... | Osteoporosis influences the middle and late periods of fracture healing in the rat osteoporostic model. The impairment is considered to be the result of the combined effects of the prolonged endochondral calcification, high activated osteoclast cell and the deceleration of the increase in bone mineral density. | yes |
15,365,767 | Does docosahexaenoic acid enhance the susceptibility of human colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil? | {
"contexts": [
"Powerful growth-inhibitory action has been shown for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against colon cancer cells. We have previously described their ability to inhibit proliferation of colon epithelial cells in patients at high risk of colon cancer. In the work reported here we investigated the ab... | Our results indicate that DHA strongly increases the antineoplastic effects of low concentrations of 5-FU. Overall, the results suggest that combinations of low doses of the two compounds could represent a chemotherapeutic approach with low toxicity. | yes |
15,369,594 | Does lycopene from two food sources affect antioxidant or cholesterol status of middle-aged adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidemiological studies have reported associations between reduced cardiovascular disease and diets rich in tomato and/or lycopene. Intervention studies have shown that lycopene-containing foods may reduce cholesterol levels and lipid peroxidation, factors implicated in the initiation of cardiova... | The inclusion of watermelon or tomato juice containing 20 mg lycopene did not affect plasma lipid concentrations or antioxidant status of healthy subjects. However, plasma cholesterol levels impacted the results of MDA and FRAP antioxidant tests. | no |
15,377,346 | Is activator protein 1 DNA binding activity decreased in lesional psoriatic skin compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin? | {
"contexts": [
"Psoriasis is a common benign skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. The transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) is known to play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation.",
"To investigate AP-1 DNA binding act... | Together, these results suggest that the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 is impaired in lesional psoriatic skin and that this impairment may be important for the disturbed epidermal growth observed in psoriasis. | yes |
15,377,347 | Is iodopropynylbutyl carbamate 0.2 % suggested for patch testing of patients with eczema possibly related to preservatives? | {
"contexts": [
"Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a new preservative in medical and cosmetic leave-on products. Although cases of allergic contact dermatitis to IPBC have been reported, it is not known whether the usual test concentration of 0.1% is appropriate for screening tests with IPBC.",
"To determ... | Patch testing with IPBC 0.2% is suggested for patients with eczema possibly related to preservatives. | yes |
15,377,343 | Is normal-looking skin in oncohaematological patients after allogenic bone marrow transplantation normal? | {
"contexts": [
"Graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) occurs in one-third or even half of bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients, involving three major target organs: gut, liver and skin.",
"The histopathological and immunohistochemical features of normal-looking skin in oncohaematological patients on day 100 afte... | Normal-looking skin in 76% of BMT patients is not necessarily histologically normal. The pattern with more prominent changes, the GvHD-like pattern, has been found to be associated with a more frequent history of CMV antigen in the blood within 100 days from BMT. | no |
15,370,459 | Does point-of-care testing have a limited effect on time to clinical decision in primary health care? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the clinical logistics of laboratory routines at primary health care centres (PHCs).",
"Prospective registration was carried out for each PHC using questionnaires during 2-week intervals between the end of November 2001 and mid-January 2002. The study included 9 PHCs in the cou... | POCT has a limited effect on the clinical logistics in PHCs. | yes |
15,365,617 | Does glutamine potently stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from GLUTag cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) are secreted from enteroendocrine L cells in response to nutrient ingestion. As glutamine is an important metabolic fuel for the gut, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine on the GLP-1-secreting cell line, GLUTag.",
... | Glutamine acts as a trigger and potentiator of GLP-1 release, consistent with its role as the major metabolic fuel for the gut. The results suggest that nutritional agents like glutamine might have beneficial effects in diabetes and obesity. | yes |
15,365,615 | Is population-based stepwise screening for unrecognised Type 2 diabetes ineffective in general practice despite reliable algorithms? | {
"contexts": [
"The yield of screening programmes for Type 2 diabetes in the existing healthcare setting might be lower than anticipated from tests of screening algorithms in data from epidemiological surveys. Our aims were to evaluate the reliability of the algorithms and the effectiveness of a proposed stepwis... | Population-based mail-distributed stepwise screening for Type 2 diabetes in general practice is ineffective, despite reliable screening algorithms, primarily because many high-risk individuals fail to participate. | yes |
15,373,943 | Does production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 require depletion of APOBEC3G from virus-producing cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The human immunodeficiency virus Vif protein overcomes the inhibitory activity of the APOBEC3G cytidine deaminase by prohibiting its packaging into virions. Inhibition of APOBEC3G encapsidation is paralleled by a reduction of its intracellular level presumably caused by the Vif-induced proteasome... | Our results suggest that Vif and APOBEC3G can be efficiently co-expressed. Thus, depletion of APOBEC3G from Vif expressing cells as suggested previously is not a universal property of Vif and thus is not imperative for the production of infectious virions. | no |
15,373,947 | Do simple statistical models predict C-to-U edited sites in plant mitochondrial RNA? | {
"contexts": [
"RNA editing is the process whereby an RNA sequence is modified from the sequence of the corresponding DNA template. In the mitochondria of land plants, some cytidines are converted to uridines before translation. Despite substantial study, the molecular biological mechanism by which C-to-U RNA ed... | Simple models do moderately well in predicting which cytidines will be edited to uridines, and provide the first quantitative predictive models for RNA edited sites in plant mitochondria. Our analysis shows that the identity of the nucleotide -1 to the edited C and the estimated free energy of folding for a 41 nt regio... | yes |
15,382,272 | Is polymorphism within the glutathione S-transferase P1 gene associated with increased susceptibility to childhood malignant diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and anticancer drugs. Functional polymorphisms exist in at least three genes that code for the GSTs, such as the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions or the A-G transition within the GSTP1 gene, which represents distinct GS... | Our results support the hypothesis that GST genotype affects etiology and outcome of a variety of childhood malignancies. | yes |
15,364,861 | Does apelin have in vivo inotropic effects on normal and failing hearts? | {
"contexts": [
"Apelin has been shown ex vivo to be a potent cardiac inotrope. This study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo effects of apelin on cardiac function in native and ischemic cardiomyopathic rat hearts using a novel combination of a perivascular flow probe and a conductance catheter.",
"Native... | The present study is the first to show that apelin has positive inotropic effects in vivo in both normal rat hearts and rat hearts in failure after myocardial infarction. Apelin may have use as an acute inotropic agent in patients with ischemic heart failure. | yes |
15,364,860 | Does inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity by TIMP-1 gene transfer effectively treat ischemic cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Enhanced activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been associated with extracellular matrix degradation and ischemic heart failure in animal models and human patients. This study evaluated the effects of MMP inhibition by gene transfer of TIMP-1 in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy."... | TIMP-1 gene transfer inhibits MMP activity and preserves cardiac function and geometry in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The reduction in myocardial fibrosis may be primarily responsible for the improved diastolic function in treated animals. TIMP-1 overexpression is a promising therapeutic target for continued investigation... | yes |
15,381,038 | Does adenosine induce dephosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dephosphorylation of the myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC) promotes barrier integrity of cellular monolayers through relaxation of the actin cytoskeleton. This study has investigated the influence of adenosine (ADO) on MLC phosphorylation in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC)."... | (1) CREB phosphorylation in response to ADO and NECA, which indicates activation of the cAMP-PKA axis, suggests expression of A2b receptors in BCEC. (2) ERK1 and ERK2, activated by cAMP and A2b receptors, promote MLC phosphorylation. However, the net result of cAMP elevation is MLC dephosphorylation, presumably because... | yes |
15,371,806 | Is the prostatic utricle a Müllerian duct remnant : immunohistochemical evidence for a distinct urogenital sinus origin? | {
"contexts": [
"The embryological origin of the utricle is thought to be a remnant of the fused caudal ends of the müllerian ducts (MDs). Others propose that the urogenital sinus (UGS) contributes either partially or totally to the development of this structure. Using immunohistochemical probes, we provide stron... | We show that the utricle forms as an ingrowth of specialized cells from the dorsal wall of the UGS as the caudal MDs regress. | no |
15,376,827 | Is evidence-based care for alcohol use disorders affordable? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite efficacious treatment, alcohol use disorders contribute significantly to the disability burden. Although wider dissemination of evidence-based health care may impact on the population burden, the affordability of this strategy is unknown. This article compares the cost-effectiveness of cu... | Evidence-based care for alcohol use disorders would produce greater population health gain at an increased cost for alcohol dependence but at a reduced cost for harmful use of alcohol. For both disorders, there are substantial increases in cost-effectiveness. | yes |
15,366,434 | Does doxycycline ameliorate ischemic and border-zone remodeling and endothelial dysfunction after myocardial infarction in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Although matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity increases, endothelial function decreases after myocardial infarction (MI). The antibiotic doxycycline inhibits MMP activity in vitro. The role of doxycycline-mediated MMP inhibition in endothelial function is unclear.",
"Doxycycline ameliorate... | Results suggest a protective action of doxycycline in the ischemic heart, possibly because of additional pharmacologic actions such as metalloproteinase inhibition. | yes |
15,381,035 | Does glutamate transporter localization correspond to the temporary functional recovery and late degeneration after acute ocular ischemia in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the localization of retinal glutamate transporters is affected by retinal ischaemia and whether their ability to transport glutamate decreases with the progression of ischemic retinal and optic nerve degeneration.",
"Retinal ischemia was induced in rats by acutely increas... | While retinal glutamate transport is compromised during an acute ischemic insult, consequent retinal recovery and degeneration are not due to a change in the excitatory amino acid transporter localization or D-aspartate (glutamate analogue) uptake. Rat retina and optic nerve are capable of spontaneous, but temporary, f... | no |
15,364,890 | Is platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase associated with carotid intima-media thickness in hypercholesterolemic Sicilian individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"Atherosclerosis is a complex, chronic disease that usually arises from the converging action of several pathogenic processes, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and the accumulation of oxidized LDL. Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a LDL- and HDL-bound enzyme t... | Our data provided no evidence that PAF-AH polymorphisms influence PAF-AH activity and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic Sicilian patients. | no |
15,380,028 | Does cDNA array-CGH profiling identify genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Recurrent non-random genomic alterations are the hallmarks of cancer and the characterization of these imbalances is critical to our understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer progression.",
"We performed array-comparative genomic hybridization (A-CGH) on cDNA microarrays containing 42,000 ele... | cDNA A-CGH analysis is an efficient method for the detection and characterization of amplicons. Furthermore we were able to detect single copy number changes using our probabilistic approach and identified genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN amplification. | yes |
15,377,545 | Is serum paraoxonase activity decreased in the active stage of Behçet 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate paraoxonase1 (PON1) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, one of the end products of lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) in the active stage.",
"Serum MDA levels and PON1 levels were measured spectrophotometrically in... | Endothelial damage and increased polymorph nuclear leucocyte activity in the active stage of BD could result in a pro-oxidation environment which, in turn, results in decreased antioxidant PON activity and increased lipid peroxidation as evidenced by increased MDA levels. | yes |
15,364,683 | Does voxel-based morphometry reveal gray matter network atrophy in refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Conventional volumetric studies have shown that brain structures functionally and anatomically related to the hippocampus are smaller in patients with drug-refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).",
"To determine the extent of gray matter atrophy in the brains of patients with MTLE an... | Patients with MTLE exhibit a reduction in GMC in regions outside the temporal lobe, specifically in areas that are connected to the hippocampus and parahippocampal region, suggesting an anatomical route for atrophy. | yes |
15,367,175 | Does sodium intake affect urinary albumin excretion especially in overweight subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relationship between sodium intake and urinary albumin excretion, being an established risk marker for later cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.",
"Cross-sectional cohort study using linear regression analysis. Setting. University hospital outpatient clinic.",
"A cohort... | Sodium intake is positively related to urinary albumin excretion. This relation is more pronounced in subjects with a higher BMI. These results suggest that high sodium intake may unfavourably influences cardiovascular prognosis especially in overweight and obese subjects. | yes |
15,378,804 | Do another look at heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders among college and noncollege youth? | {
"contexts": [
"To estimate rates of heavy episodic drinking, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence among U.S. adults 18-29 years of age and determine the relationship of these rates to student status and residence.",
"The analysis is based on data from a subsample of U.S. adults 18-29 years of age (N = 8666;... | Heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders are youth as well as college phenomena. Prevention campaigns targeted at all youth are needed to supplement interventions conducted at the campus level. | yes |
15,385,108 | Does p16INK4a and p21Waf1/Cip1 expression correlate with clinical outcome in vulvar carcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Aberrant expression of the cell cycle kinase inhibitors p16, p21, and p27 has been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of human malignancies. Little is known, however, about their clinical impact in vulvar carcinoma patients. Thus, we analyzed a larger series of vulvar squamous cell carci... | Our study indicates a prognostic relevance for p16 and p21 immunoreactivity. Low level of p16 protein and high level of p21 protein were associated with a shorter disease-related survival. We did not find p27 protein expression to be useful as a prognostic indicator in vulvar carcinoma patients. | yes |
15,390,286 | Does interferon-gamma sensitize osteosarcoma cells to Fas-induced apoptosis by up-regulating Fas receptors and caspase-8? | {
"contexts": [
"Osteosarcoma is the third most frequent neoplasm in adolescents. Although chemotherapy, frequently used in pre- and post-operative settings, has resulted in significant improvement in disease-free survival, some patients show little sensitivity to chemotherapy and alternative therapeutic strategi... | IFN-gamma sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to Fas-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of Fas receptor and caspase-8. Combined immunotherapy with IFN-gamma and either anti-Fas monoclonal antibody or cytotoxic T cells that bear Fas ligand might be a useful adjunctive therapy for patients with osteosarcoma. | yes |
15,389,533 | Does cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A negatively modulate adherens junction integrity and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Intestinal epithelial cell differentiation is a complex process in which many different signaling pathways are likely involved. An increase in the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been shown to inhibit enterocyte differentiation; however, the mechanisms through which cAMP/PKA signali... | Our studies show that cAMP/PKA signaling negatively regulates adherens junction integrity as well as morphological and functional differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. | yes |
15,382,089 | Does morbidity and mortality of colorectal carcinoma surgery differ by insurance status? | {
"contexts": [
"Uninsured and underinsured patients are reported to be at an increased risk for impaired access to healthcare, delayed medical treatment, and the receipt of substandard care. These differences in care may result in disparities in surgical outcomes among patients with different types of insurance.... | The current study findings suggest that the uninsured and Medicaid populations are at greater risk of developing postoperative complications and dying than the privately insured population due only in part to preexisting medical comorbidities and emergent admission type. | yes |
15,385,075 | Does psychosocial and lifestyle correlate of premenstrual symptoms among military women? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examines the prevalence and correlates of self-reported premenstrual symptoms among a large, population-based sample of reproductive age, active-duty women.",
"Data were obtained from a combined dataset of two large-scale mail surveys designed to represent the total force. Subjects... | Work stress may mediate the relationship among depression and premenstrual symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the biological interrelationships among work stress, hormonal function, and premenstrual symptomatology. | yes |
15,368,476 | Are prostasomes secreted from poorly differentiated cells of prostate cancer metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"Prostasomes are small (40-500 nm), granule-like bodies, found in normal epithelial cells of the prostate and secreted into the prostate duct system. Also poorly differentiated prostate cancer cells are producing prostasomes, since we could isolate and purify prostasomes from vertebral metastases ... | We conclude that prostasomes produced by the cells of vertebral metastases of prostate cancer are distributed both intracellularly and extracellularly in the interstitial spaces of the tissue. Thus, prostasomes of metastases could perhaps be exploited as targets for immunodiagnosis and/or immunotherapy. | yes |
15,365,919 | Does perioperative enoximone infusion improve cardiac enzyme release after CABG? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether routine postoperative enoximone infusion compared with dobutamine improved clinical and biochemical results after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass.",
"Prospective nonrandomized study. Data collection was blinded to the choice of inotrope.",
"Do... | Postoperative enoximone reduced troponin I release and need for inotropic support in patients undergoing on-pump myocardial revascularization. Subgroup data were confirmed in diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and total arterial revascularization. | yes |
15,369,739 | Does sophorae radix extract inhibit high glucose-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation on endothelial cell line? | {
"contexts": [
"Sophorae radix (SR) has been used for various diseases including atherosclerosis and arrhythmias. Atherosclerosis induced by hyperglycemia is an important factor in the promotion of diabetic complications. An early event in atherosclerosis is the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium via adhesion ... | These data suggest that SR extract inhibits high glucose-mediated monocytes-endothelial cells adhesions and expression of VCAM-1 via inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation. | yes |
15,364,875 | Does soluble human complement receptor 1 limit ischemic damage in cardiac surgery patients at high risk requiring cardiopulmonary bypass? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to determine whether soluble human complement receptor type 1 (TP10), a potent inhibitor of complement activation, would reduce morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).",
"This was a randomized multicen... | TP10 effectively inhibits complement activation during CPB; however, this was not associated with an improvement in the primary endpoint of the study. Nevertheless, TP10 did significantly decrease the incidence of mortality and MI in male patients. | yes |
15,383,762 | Is oesophageal histology in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease of minor pre- and postoperative diagnostic value? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical value of oesophageal histology in non-complicated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is controversial. Our aim was to explore the role of histology in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up in GORD.",
"From 40 patients 2 histopathologists graded and scored 191 o... | The role of oesophageal histology in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of GORD may be considered limited. | yes |
15,374,847 | Does blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 accelerate graft arterial disease in cardiac allografts? | {
"contexts": [
"Programmed death-1 (PD-1), a member of the CD28 family, has been identified. PD-1 is involved in the negative regulation of some immune responses. We evaluated the role of PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in graft arterial disease (GAD) of cardiac allografts and in smooth muscle cells (SMCs).",
"C57BL/6 m... | The PD-L1 pathway regulates both the proliferation of SMCs and GAD. Thus, control of this interaction is a promising strategy for suppression of GAD. | yes |
15,367,813 | Are oestrogen deficiency and growth hormone treatment in childhood associated with hearing in adults with turner syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have an increased prevalence of hearing loss, with conductive (CHL) and sensorineural (SNHL) components. The association between hearing loss and clinical parameters, particularly oestrogen and previous growth hormone (GH) treatment, was investigated.",
"A cros... | Current regimens of oestrogen and GH therapy have no impact on adult hearing loss in TS, independent of age. The prevalence of SNHL increases with age. CHL but not SNHL is associated with ENT history and karyotype. According to present evidence, the only possible intervention to reduce hearing loss in women with TS rem... | no |
15,387,971 | Does [ Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1 initiate chondrogenic differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the feasibility of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro differentiation into chondrogenic phenotype with induction of cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein (CDMP) growth factor.",
"Human dermal fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin and cultured in monolayer ex vivo. Dermal fib... | These results suggests human dermal derived fibroblast could be differentiated into chondrogenic phenotype with CDMP1 induction in vitro. | yes |
15,371,981 | Is cYP2C19 polymorphism a major predictor of treatment failure in white patients by use of lansoprazole-based quadruple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori? | {
"contexts": [
"Proton pump inhibitors, metabolized by the polymorphic enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19, are essential drugs for Helicobacter pylori eradication. It was reported that patients with CYP2C19 wild type in Asia had lower eradication rates. This study tests the hypothesis that CYP2C19 wild type ( wt/... | Eradication rates of H pylori highly depend on CYP2C19 in white patients if standard doses of lansoprazole (30 mg twice daily) are administered within a quadruple regimen. Because wt/wt individuals have lower eradication rates and lower serum concentrations of lansoprazole, these patients might benefit from a higher pr... | yes |
15,378,493 | Is bladder neck invasion an independent predictor of prostate-specific antigen recurrence? | {
"contexts": [
"The 1997 TNM staging system for prostatic carcinoma and the 2002 revision thereof classified prostatic carcinoma with bladder neck involvement classified as pT4 disease. This classification is based on the belief that tumors that invade surrounding structures are more aggressive and warrant highe... | In the current study, bladder neck involvement was an independent predictor of early PSA recurrence. The data demonstrated the importance of continued assessment of bladder neck invasion and supported the placement of tumors with bladder neck involvement in a stage that recognizes the prognostic implications of such in... | yes |
15,364,614 | Does iL-6 play an obligatory role in late preconditioning via JAK-STAT signaling and upregulation of iNOS and COX-2? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to determine whether interleukin (IL)-6 modulates myocardial infarction or the late phase of preconditioning (PC).",
"Wild-type and IL-6(-/-) mice underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion with or without six cycles of coronary occlusion/reperfusion 24 h ... | IL-6 does not modulate myocardial infarct size in naïve myocardium. However, following a PC stimulus, IL-6 is obligatorily required for the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, the ensuing upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 (co-mediators of late PC), and the development of a cardioprotective phenotype. | yes |
15,364,617 | Is regulation of glucose transporter expression in cardiac myocytes : p38 MAPK a strong inducer of GLUT4? | {
"contexts": [
"In vivo differentiation of cardiac myocytes is associated with downregulation of the glucose transporter isoform GLUT1 and upregulation of the isoform GLUT4. Adult rat cardiomyocytes in primary culture undergo spontaneous dedifferentiation, followed by spreading and partial redifferentiation, whi... | Spontaneous dedifferentiation of adult rat cardiomyocytes in vitro is associated with downregulation of GLUT4, which can be reversed by treatment with IGF-1. The effect of IGF-1 is mediated by the p38 MAPK/MEF2 axis, which is a strong inducer of GLUT4 expression. | yes |
15,364,618 | Does ischemic preconditioning attenuate calpain-mediated degradation of structural proteins through a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been shown that sarcolemmal rupture can occur during reenergization in cardiomyocytes in which previous ischemia has induced sarcolemmal fragility by calpain-dependent hydrolysis of structural proteins. We tested the hypothesis that attenuated calpain activation contributes to the protecti... | These results are consistent with PKA-dependent attenuation of calpain-mediated degradation of structural proteins being an end-effector mechanism of the protection afforded by IPC. | yes |
15,380,603 | Does procedure for unmasking localization information from ProstaScint scan for prostate radiation therapy treatment planning? | {
"contexts": [
"To demonstrate a method to extract the meaningful biologic information from (111)In-radiolabeled capromab pendetide (ProstaScint) SPECT scans for use in radiation therapy treatment planning by removing that component of the (111)In SPECT images associated with normal structures.",
"We examine... | ProstaScint images are now closer to becoming a biologically and therapeutically useful and accurate image set. After known sources of normal intensity are stripped away, the remaining areas that demonstrate uptake may be segmented and superimposed on the treatment-planning CT/MRI volume. | yes |
15,368,071 | Does n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation decrease asymmetric dimethyl arginine and arachidonate accumulation in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma accumulation of asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) is considered as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and a strong predictor for coronary heart diseases. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) increasing plasma levels have been positively associated with reduced cardiova... | EPA and DHA supplementation reduced ADMA accumulation in SHR in parallel with a decrease of arachidonate availability. This finding suggests that the control of the inflammatory ground of endothelium might play an important role in EPA and DHA effect on this novel and highly predictive cardiovascular risk factor. | yes |
15,379,876 | Does modest in vivo exposure to solar wavelengths induce a visible absorbing chromophore in Skh-1 mouse epidermis? | {
"contexts": [
"In the previous work, we correlated epidermal hyperplasia with increased epidermal absorption in the 250-400 nm region. During a recent review of that work, the apparent formation of a chromophore, with absorption slightly longer than 400 nm, in the epidermis of irradiated animals was noted. In t... | Accumulation of such a chromophore in humans may contribute to the coloration of chronically exposed skin. The absorption strength and wavelength location of the peak is strongly suggestive of a heme-like compound. We are currently conducting experiments to further characterize this chromophore. | yes |
15,572,871 | Does hydrolysis of casein accelerate gastrointestinal transit via reduction of opioid receptor agonists released from casein in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Protein hydrolysate accelerates gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and feeding advancement in preterm infants compared to native protein. In rat pups, opioid receptor agonists released from casein during digestion such as beta-casomorphins slow down GIT. We hypothesized that hydrolysis of casein redu... | The present data suggest that hydrolysis of casein accelerates GIT via reduction of opioid activity released during digestion. Further studies are required to investigate to which extent these rat pub data apply to preterm infants. | yes |
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