pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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16,546,078 | Does the Arabidopsis MAX pathway control shoot branching by regulating auxin transport? | {
"contexts": [
"Plants achieve remarkable plasticity in shoot system architecture by regulating the activity of secondary shoot meristems, laid down in the axil of each leaf. Axillary meristem activity, and hence shoot branching, is regulated by a network of interacting hormonal signals that move through the pla... | The MAX-dependent hormone is a novel regulator of auxin transport. Modulation of auxin transport in the stem is sufficient to regulate bud outgrowth, independent of AXR1-mediated auxin signaling. We therefore propose an additional mechanism for long-range signaling by auxin in which bud growth is regulated by competiti... | yes |
16,540,792 | Is enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme with bicarbonate equal to standard enteric-coated enzyme in treating malabsorption in cystic fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the efficacy of an enteric-coated buffered pancreatic enzyme (EC buffered PE) containing 1.5 mEq of bicarbonate per capsule with a conventional enteric-coated enzyme (EC-PE) capsule in cystic fibrosis patients with signs or symptoms of moderate to severe malabsorption.",
"In a doub... | In the doses used, nutrient absorption of patients taking EC buffered PE preparation offers no advantage over a conventional EC-PE preparation. | yes |
16,554,658 | Does low-dose aspirin affect the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"There have been investigations on the chemopreventive effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in gastric cancer and also on the association between cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression and the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. However, it is not yet clear whether the cardiop... | The use of low-dose aspirin might affect the clinicopathological features in gastric cancers, and possibly have a favorable protective effect on the progression of gastric cancer in a subset of non-cardiac gastric cancer patients. | yes |
16,555,060 | Is social stress as effective as physical stress in reinstating morphine-induced place preference in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Relapse to drug-seeking in abstinent heroin addicts and reinstatement in experimental animals are observed when exposed to drug-associated stimuli or cues, the drug itself, and stressful events. It has been shown that footshock-induced stress increases the rewarding effects of opiates, delays ext... | These data demonstrate that social stress is as effective as physical stress in reinstating morphine-seeking. | yes |
16,555,061 | Does scopolamine induce impairments in the recognition of human facial expressions of anger and disgust? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent psychopharmacological studies lend support to the notion of partially dissociable neuronal systems dedicated to processing specific emotions. For example, GABA-ergic enhancement after an acute dose of the benzodiazepine, diazepam, produces specific impairments in anger and fear recognition... | Scopolamine-induced cholinergic hypofunction selectively impaired the recognition accuracy of disgust and anger facial expressions. The effects of scopolamine on emotion-recognition are similar to those found in Huntington's disease patients. Furthermore, the impairments in anger and fear recognition previously observe... | yes |
16,534,881 | Is hypertriglyceridemia positively correlated with the development of colorectal tubular adenoma in Japanese men? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the real association between serum lipid levels and colonic polyp formation.",
"We performed a large scale retrospective study to analyze the correlation between the incidence of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma and the fasting serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceri... | Although a high level of serum triglyceride does not appear to be mechanically involved in the development of carcinoma, reduction of serum TG and intensive surveillance with total colonoscopy may have benefit in men with hypertriglyceridemia. | yes |
16,538,212 | Are bone mineral density and bone metabolism related to leptin in hemodialyzed and peritoneally dialyzed uremic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"In chronic renal failure leptin levels are elevated and BMD decreased, however, so far data about correlations between leptin and BMD in dialyzed patients are scarce. It has been suggested that leptin is a predictor of BMD in postmenopausal women. We examined the relationships between leptinemia,... | BMD depends on time of renal replacement therapy. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism poorly correlate with BMD and leptin in dialyzed patients. Leptin is not a predictor of BMD in dialyzed patients. | no |
16,531,798 | Does the 460Trp allele of alpha-adducin increase carotid intima-media thickness in young adult males? | {
"contexts": [
"The 460Trp allele of the alpha-adducin gene (ADD1), which is involved in a form of salt-sensitive hypertension, has been associated with patterns of target organ damage.",
"As carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) largely depends upon unknown genetic factors, besides being associated to... | The 460Trp allele of ADD1 contributes substantially to increase carotid IMT, in a male hormonal milieu only, at least in the young age range. | yes |
16,531,799 | Are alpha1-antitrypsin gene polymorphisms associated with renal arterial fibromuscular dysplasia? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously showed that fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the renal artery may be familial. Case reports have associated alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and FMD. The aim of this study was to test the implication of the alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) gene in a large cohort of patients with renal FMD.",
... | Polymorphisms PiM1, PiZ and PiS of the AAT gene are not associated with renal FMD or infraclinical carotid lesions detected by echotracking methods. As the true prevalence of renal FMD is not precisely known and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is not infrequent in the general population, the association of the two may oc... | no |
16,531,793 | Is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein only weakly related to cardiovascular damage after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors? | {
"contexts": [
"The independent prognostic value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been questioned, and consequently we decided to investigate whether hsCRP was associated with subclinical cardiovascular (CV) damage independently of traditional CV risk factors.",
"In a population-based sampl... | After adjustment for traditional CV risk factors hsCRP was only associated with PWV and atherosclerotic plaques, indicating a possible effect of low-grade inflammation on macrovascular damage. The close relationship between traditional CV risk factors and hsCRP suggested that hsCRP was an integrated CV risk marker earl... | yes |
16,531,797 | Are sympathetic neural responses to smoking age dependent? | {
"contexts": [
"Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Sympathetic responses to cigarette smoking may be implicated in the link between smoking and cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that the sympathetic neural responses to smoking are age dependent.",
"We examined the ... | The autonomic responses to smoking are age dependent. While blood pressure increases are similar in both groups, young subjects respond to smoking by marked increases in heart rate and suppression of central sympathetic outflow. In middle-aged subjects, the heart rate increase is less marked, but sympathetic vasoconstr... | yes |
16,540,749 | Does family-based association analysis validate chromosome 3p21 as a putative nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility locus? | {
"contexts": [
"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses one of the serious health problems in southern Chinese, with an incidence rate ranging from 15 to 50/100,000. In our previously linkage analysis, a locus on 3p21 was identified to link to NPC. In this study, family-based association analysis was performed to t... | These results reflected a link disequilibrium between this chromosome region and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility locus, and provided further evidence that a novel nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility gene may be located in this chromosome region. These alleles or haplotypes transmitting disequilibrium in n... | yes |
16,543,712 | Is telomerase activity decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Telomerase preserves telomere length and structure, preventing cellular senescence, which is associated with alteration of the chromosomal ends. We hypothesized that telomerase activity is altered in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of hemodialysis (HD) patients. To investigate this hyp... | Telomerase activity in PBMCs is reduced in HD patients. It seems that, at least in this type of cell in this population, defense from senescence, as assessed by telomerase activity, is altered and associated with the chronicity of uremia/HD procedure. | yes |
16,554,996 | Does whey feeding suppress the measurement of oxidative stress in experimental burn injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Burns cause thermal injury to local tissue and trigger systemic acute inflammatory processes, which may lead to multiple distant organ dysfunction. We investigated the protective effect of dietary whey supplementation on distant organs in a rat model.",
"Forty-eight rats were divided into six... | Whey pretreatment suppressed hepatic and renal oxidative stress measurements after experimental burn injury. | yes |
16,532,905 | Are serum levels of activin A and inhibin A related to the increased susceptibility to pre-eclampsia in type I diabetic pregnancies? | {
"contexts": [
"Activin A and inhibin A have been found to be elevated in women without diabetes subsequently developing pre-eclampsia. The aim was to investigate whether activin A and inhibin A in serum were elevated in type I diabetic women after developing pre-eclampsia and, if so, were they clinically useful... | Serum concentrations of activin A and inhibin A could not predict preeclampsia in type I diabetes. | no |
16,529,750 | Does probucol inhibit in-stent thrombosis and neointimal hyperplasia by promoting re-endothelialization? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence suggests that delayed re-endothelialization is responsible for in-stent thrombosis. Probucol inhibits neointimal thickening in animals via enhanced re-endothelialization and is the only oral drug that consistently inhibits restenosis after coronary angioplasty in humans. Here, we examine... | Probucol demonstrates anti-restenotic and appears to have anti-thrombotic properties that are likely related to its ability to promote in-stent re-endothelialization. | yes |
16,539,307 | Are serum amyloid A , properdin , complement 3 , and toll-like receptors expressed locally in human sinonasal tissue? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a growing appreciation of the role that nasal mucosa plays in innate immunity. In this study, the expression of pattern recognition receptors known as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the effector molecules complement factor 3 (C3), properdin, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were examined in hum... | These studies indicate that sinonasal mucosa expresses genes involved in innate immunity including the TLRs and proteins involved in complement activation. We hypothesize that local production of complement and acute phase proteins by airway epithelium on stimulation of innate immune receptors may play an important rol... | yes |
16,549,753 | Does cisplatin-induced growth arrest of head and neck cancer cells correlate with increased expression of p16 and p53? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine expression of cell cycle and apoptotic genes, biochemical analysis of CCL23 and antisense cyclin D1-transfected CCL23 (CCL23AS) cells in the presence of cisplatin was performed. In addition, biochemical analysis of CAL27 cells before and after treatment with cisplatin was performed t... | These results, in combination with increased expression of the p53 downstream effecter p21, indicate that the cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest operates through the p16/p53-dependent pathway, and a caspase-independent pathway may be involved. Combination treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via cell cyc... | yes |
16,551,875 | Does combination chemotherapy and radiation of human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck augment CTL-mediated lysis? | {
"contexts": [
"The combination of systemic multiagent chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil + cisplatin) and tumor irradiation is standard of care for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Furthermore, it has been shown that sublethal doses of radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs in diverse cancer types may alte... | Overall, these results reveal that (a) CTL killing can be enhanced by combining multiagent chemotherapy and radiation and (b) combination treatment enhanced or sensitized HNSCC to the perforin pathway, perhaps by down-regulating Bcl-2 expression. These studies thus form the rational basis for clinical trials of immunot... | yes |
16,541,612 | Does positive family history promote participation in colorectal cancer screening? | {
"contexts": [
"Participation rates in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening are rather low. We evaluated the interest of first degree relatives (FDR) of CRC patients to participate in a colonoscopy screening and compared the findings to controls with a negative family history.",
"There were 235 CRC patients dia... | Positive family history seems to be a motivation factor for a participation in a CRC screening program. Consistent with previous studies the prevalence of CRA and CRC was significantly higher in the group of FDR compared to controls (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 20). | yes |
16,534,055 | Do long-term results of Molteno implant insertion in cases of neovascular glaucoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the long-term outcomes of cases of neovascular glaucoma drained by Molteno implants.",
"A prospective study of 145 eyes (130 patients) followed up for a mean of 3.3 years (range, 0.02 year [5 days] to 18.1 years) in the province of Otago, New Zealand, from 1979 to 2002.",
"Ins... | The insertion of Molteno implants for neovascular glaucoma maintained or improved vision in 39% of eyes, whereas 12% were eventually enucleated (all of which initially had visual acuity <20/1200). The outcome depended mainly on progression of the underlying vascular disease. | yes |
16,533,397 | Are select estrogens within the complex formulation of conjugated equine estrogens ( Premarin ) protective against neurodegenerative insults : implications for a composition of estrogen therapy to promote neuronal function and prevent Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Results of the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) raised concerns regarding the timing and formulation of hormone interventions. Conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), used as the estrogen therapy in the WHIMS trial, is a complex formulation containing multiple estrogens, including severa... | The present study provides the first documentation of the neuroprotective profile of individual estrogens contained within the complex formulation of CEE at concentrations commensurate with their plasma levels achieved after an oral administration of 0.625 mg CEE in women. Our analyses demonstrate that select estrogens... | yes |
16,541,348 | Is permanent atrial fibrillation ablation surgery in CABG and aortic valve patients at least as effective as in mitral valve disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Data on combined permanent atrial fibrillation (pAF) surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or aortic valve replacement (AVR) are scarce, and the mid- and long-term effects on survival and cardiac rhythm are unknown.",
"In a prospective analysis 125 patients (Group I: CABG and... | Concomitant pAF ablation surgery in CABG and/or AVR is safe and at least as effective as in MV surgery, presumably because severe LA enlargement is exceptionally rare in this group. | yes |
16,531,283 | Does a2E selectively induce cox-2 in ARPE-19 and human neural cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, -2, and -3 RNA and protein in retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells and in human neural (HN) cells exposed to the stress-inducing cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-a, the oxidizing peroxide H(2)O(2), the combination of TNF-alpha + H(2)O(2), a... | COX-2 RNA levels were induced in cytokine-, peroxide-, and A2E-stressed ARPE-19 and HN cells. Lack of induction of COX-3 RNA message by A2E, coupled with increases in COX-3 protein under identical treatment conditions, suggest that significant post-transcriptional or post-translational controls may regulate COX-3 gene ... | yes |
16,558,427 | Does ankle brace effectively reduce recurrence of ankle sprains in female soccer players? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of ankle bracing and taping in preventing recurrencess of ankle sprains, specifically in female athletes.",
"Varsity soccer players' medical records over a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed at a Division III women's colle... | We suggest that prophylactic ankle bracing is effective in reducing the incidence of ankle sprains in female soccer players with a previous history of ankle sprains. | yes |
16,546,736 | Does [ Human cytomegalovirus induce apoptosis of ECV304 endothelial-like cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the mechanisms for the cytopathic effect (CPE) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in ECV304 endothelial-like cells.",
"PCR and indirect immunofluorescence were used to detect HCMV infection by examining immediate-early (IE) gene and protein expression of the virus in ECV304 cells.... | HCMV can induce apoptosis of ECV304 endothelial-like cells. | yes |
16,536,875 | Do transgenic mice with mammary gland targeted expression of human cortactin develop ( pre-malignant ) breast tumors : studies in MMTV-cortactin and MMTV-cortactin/-cyclin D1 bitransgenic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"In human breast cancers, amplification of chromosome 11q13 correlates with lymph node metastasis and increased mortality. To date, two genes located within this amplicon, CCND1 and EMS1, were considered to act as oncogenes, because overexpression of both proteins, respectively cyclin D1 and corta... | From this study, we conclude that development of (pre-malignant) breast tumors in either wild type or MMTV-cyclin D1 mice was not augmented due to mammary gland targeted overexpression of human cortactin. | no |
16,530,526 | Is hepatitis C virus core protein a potent inhibitor of RNA silencing-based antiviral response? | {
"contexts": [
"Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RNA interference (RNAi) may act as a host antiviral response against viral RNA.",
"The effects of RNAi on both the replicative intermediates and the internal ribosome entry site (I... | RNAi is a limiting factor for HCV infection, and the core protein suppresses the RNA silencing-based antiviral response. This ability of the core protein to counteract the host defense may lead to a persistent viral infection and may contribute to the pathogenesis of HCV. | yes |
16,530,524 | Does loss of the major duodenal papilla result in brown pigment biliary stone formation in pdx1 null mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Pdx1 plays a pivotal role in pancreas organogenesis and specification of some types of cells in the duodenum and antral stomach. However, its expression is not restricted to pancreas, duodenum, and antral stomach but is also found in the common bile duct during embryogenesis. This study aimed to ... | Pdx1 is required for proper development of the major duodenal papilla, peribiliary glands, and mucin-producing cells in the common bile duct and for maintenance of the periampullary duodenal epithelial cells during perinatal period. Bile infection because of loss of the major duodenal papilla plays a significant role i... | yes |
16,530,523 | Does defective RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling contribute to vascular hypocontractility and vasodilation in cirrhotic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Portal hypertension is associated with arterial hypotension and vascular hypocontractility, which persists despite elevated plasma levels of vasoconstrictors. We investigated the role of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in vascular smooth muscle hypocontractility of rats with secondary biliary cirrhos... | An impaired vascular activation of RhoA and a down-regulation of Rho-kinase might contribute to vasodilation and vascular hypocontractility in BDL-induced cirrhosis. | yes |
16,534,247 | Does cathepsin B activate human trypsinogen 1 but not proelastase 2 or procarboxypeptidase B? | {
"contexts": [
"Activation of trypsinogen to trypsin is a crucial step in the development of acute pancreatitis. The cause of this activation is not known although suggested explanations include autoactivation, cathepsin B-mediated activation and activation by mast cell tryptase. The aim of this study was to inv... | Cathepsin B is a competent activator of trypsinogen-1, although not as efficient as enterokinase. If cathepsin B is to play a role in protease activation in acute pancreatitis, this most probably occurs by activation of trypsinogen. | yes |
16,549,018 | Does protein phosphatase 2A regulate central sensitization in the spinal cord of rats following intradermal injection of capsaicin? | {
"contexts": [
"Intradermal injection of capsaicin into the hind paw of rats induces spinal cord central sensititzation, a process in which the responsiveness of central nociceptive neurons is amplified. In central sensitization, many signal transduction pathways composed of several cascades of intracellular enz... | These findings indicate that PP2A plays an important role in the cellular mechanisms of spinal cord central sensitization induced by intradermal injection of capsaicin in rats, which may have implications in clinical pain therapy. | yes |
16,552,474 | Is inhibition of myocardial apoptosis by ischaemic and beta-adrenergic preconditioning dependent on p38 MAPK? | {
"contexts": [
"Apoptosis occurring during ischaemia /reperfusion contributes independently to tissue damage, and involves activation of the stress-kinase, p38 MAPK during reperfusion. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) protects against ischaemia/reperfusion mediated necrosis and apoptosis. The role of p38 MAPK in ... | These results indicate that (1) Both IPC and beta-PC elicit protection against apoptosis and necrosis, (2) activation of p38 MAPK is not a trigger of preconditioning against apoptosis and necrosis and (3) activation of p38 MAPK during reperfusion increases necrosis only if ischaemia is used to precondition hearts, but ... | yes |
16,536,281 | Does [ Tiam1 expression correlate with the biological behavior of human colorectal carcinoma cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether the Tiam1 gene expression enhances the invasive and metastatic capabilities of colorectal carcinoma cells.",
"Endogenous expression of Tiam1 in five colorectal carcinoma cell lines was investigated by RT-PCR. Tiam1/C1199HA cDNA was transfected into HT29, a colorectal ca... | Tiam1 gene plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. It may be a useful marker for metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. | yes |
16,546,499 | Is microsatellite instability in gastric cancer associated with better prognosis in only stage II cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"The assessment of microsatellite instability (MSI) is not included yet in the routine evaluation of patients with gastric cancer, as controversial data exist regarding its prognostic value.",
"We determined the clinical significance of MSI in 510 sporadic gastric cancers, using the mononucleo... | Microsatellite analysis of gastric cancer has clinical utility in determination of prognosis, but should be determined in only stage II neoplasms in a routine clinical setting. Immunohistochemistry may be considered sufficient, although microsatellite analysis is preferable. | yes |
16,546,494 | Do specific oral medications decrease the need for surgery in adhesive partial small-bowel obstruction? | {
"contexts": [
"Nothing by mouth (NPO) is the standard treatment for small-bowel obstruction. Whether oral medications should be prohibited during treatment of adhesive, partial small-bowel obstruction is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine whether a combination of specific oral medications in adhes... | The NPO status for patients with adhesive, partial small-bowel obstruction may not be necessary. This cocktail of oral medications can decrease the need for operative intervention in patients with presumed adhesive, partial small-bowel obstruction. | yes |
16,553,526 | Are suicidal adverse events in pediatric randomized , controlled clinical trials of antidepressant drugs associated with active drug treatment : a meta-analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of suicidal ideation and behaviors observed with antidepressant drug treatment to the incidence with placebo, in randomized, controlled pediatric clinical trials.",
"Manufacturers of nine antidepressant drugs identified suicidal adverse event... | In short-term, placebo-controlled, pediatric studies of antidepressants, active drug treatment was associated with a rate of serious suicidal events almost twice that of placebo. | yes |
16,531,961 | Does pentoxifylline prevent neither liver damage nor early profibrogenic events in a rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a metabolic disorder of the liver, which may evolve to fibrosis or cirrhosis. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been postulated to act as an antifibrogenic agent able to inhibit hepatic stellate cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro. Short-term studies ... | PTX does influence neither liver injury nor early profibrogenic events in the CDD model of NASH. | no |
16,555,799 | Are motives for smoking cessation associated with stage of readiness to quit smoking and sociodemographics among German industrial employees? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the relationships among particular motives for smoking cessation, stage of readiness to quit (preparation or contemplation), and sociodemographic characteristics.",
"A cross-sectional study to examine attitudes toward and use of health promotion at the worksite, using a self-administe... | Motives for smoking cessation vary according to the individual's level of readiness to quit and sociodemographic background. | yes |
16,552,227 | Does excellent anaesthesia need patient preparation and postoperative support to influence outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies over many years have demonstrated that preoptimization and attention to appropriate perioperative care is associated with a substantial decrease in surgical mortality. This review discusses ways in which patient preparation and perioperative support can minimize surgical mortality and mor... | The provision of a high-quality service throughout the perioperative period is vital for a successful outcome. Patients need to be assessed well before major elective surgery to determine if they fall into a high-risk category. Some patients may benefit from a change in management. Postoperatively, critical-care suppor... | yes |
16,550,534 | Is serum cystatin C a suitable marker for routine monitoring of renal function in pediatric cancer patients , especially of very young age? | {
"contexts": [
"Monitoring renal function is crucial in children undergoing chemotherapy. To date, a combination of routine serum creatinine (SCR) monitoring with occasional determination of creatinine clearance ratio (CCR) is widely used as clinical standard for this purpose. Both methods have their limitations... | CysC represents a suitable marker for monitoring renal function in pediatric cancer patients. In young children (<3 years), CysC may have a better diagnostic value than SCR. Future studies should show if CysC can improve renal monitoring by replacing SCR, especially in very young children. | yes |
16,554,328 | Do paclitaxel-coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene haemodialysis grafts inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in porcine model of graft stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The main pathology of haemodialysis graft stenosis is venous neointimal hyperplasia at graft-venous anastomoses. Neointimal hyperplasia is also observed in cases of coronary artery in-stent restenosis. Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat cancer, and has been proven to inhibit neo... | Paclitaxel-coated ePTFE grafts could prevent neointimal hyperplasia and the stenosis of AV haemodialysis grafts. | yes |
16,534,891 | Does arg-gly-asp-mannose-6-phosphate inhibit activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of arg-gly-asp-mannose-6 phosphate (RGD-M6P) on the activation and proliferation of primary hepatic stellate cells in vitro.",
"Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from rats by in situ collagenase perfusion of liver and 18% Nycodenz gradient centrifugation an... | The new compound, RGD-M6P, which has a dramatic effect on primary cultured HSCs in vitro, can inhibit the transformation of HSCs in culture caused by TGFbeta1, suppresses the expression of PC III and decreases proliferation rate of HSC. RGD-M6P can be applied as a selective drug carrier targeting at HSCs, which may be ... | yes |
16,530,178 | Is plasma adiponectin related to other cardiovascular risk factors in nondiabetic Korean men with CAD , independent of adiposity and cigarette smoking : cross-sectional analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulating adiponectins have multiple protective roles as anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-inflammatory factors. We examined the relationship between plasma adiponectin concentration and other cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic coronary artery disease (CAD) men and the relationship ... | An increase of adiponectin concentrations or the maintenance of higher concentration may be negatively associated with cardiovascular risk factors in nondiabetic CAD male patients, independent of adiposity and smoking status. | yes |
16,531,604 | Is the probability of pulmonary embolism a function of the diagnoses considered most likely before testing? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the frequency of pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis when different alternative diagnoses were considered most likely before testing, because the relationship between specific alternative diagnoses and the diagnosis of PE has not been explored.",
"This study was a preplanned second... | The frequency of PE is related to the most likely pretest alternative diagnosis. PE is diagnosed infrequently when anxiety, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, musculoskeletal pain, or viral syndrome is the most likely alternative diagnosis. | yes |
16,540,752 | Is analyzing DNA from buccal cells a reliable method for the exclusion of cystic fibrosis . Results of a pilot study? | {
"contexts": [
"In children there is frequently a reason to exclude cystic fibrosis. Sweat testing is used for this. Because sweat testing has some disadvantages we investigated whether analyzing DNA for the local most common CFTR mutations, harvested from buccal cells, is reliable as a method to exclude cystic ... | Analyzing DNA in cells, harvested from the buccal cells, is a reliable alternative to exclude cystic fibrosis. It is safe, simple, and child-friendly. | yes |
16,540,751 | Are iL-10 polymorphisms associated with early-onset celiac disease and severe mucosal damage in patients of Caucasian origin? | {
"contexts": [
"Polymorphisms in cytokine genes can determine their level of expression and affect the phenotypic expression of immunomediated diseases, such as celiac disease (CD). We thus evaluated cytokine polymorphism prevalence in CD patients and population controls, and assessed the correlation between spe... | The association between IL-10 genotypes and both histological severity at diagnosis and age of onset could be related to an alteration in cytokine balance, and supports the idea that the various clinical manifestations of the disease could be determined by a different genetic background. | yes |
16,544,254 | Is the fadD2 gene required for efficient Mycobacterium avium invasion of mucosal epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Mycobacterium avium is capable of invading the intestinal epithelial cells, which requires cytoskeleton rearrangement and protein phosphorylation in the host cell. However, little is known about the mechanism.",
"A transposon bank was screened for invasion-impaired mutants.",
"Among the g... | fadD2 is a regulator of M. avium invasion, and its effect is through Cdc42. | yes |
16,538,449 | Do oVA-specific CD8+ T cells do not express granzyme B during anterior chamber associated immune deviation? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine antigen (Ag)-specific CTL response during anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID).",
"OVA or OVA257-264 peptide was injected into the anterior chamber (AC) of C57BL/6 mice. There were 16 mice in each ACAID group induced with OVA or OVA257-264 peptide. The mice were pri... | These results show that the frequency of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells is not altered during ACAID. The Ag-specific CTL response during ACAID is characterized by the absence of granzyme B expression. | yes |
16,538,448 | Does the blood pressure-induced diameter response of retinal arterioles decrease with increasing diabetic maculopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to compare the diameter response of retinal arterioles and retinal thickness in patients with different stages of diabetic maculopathy during an increase in the arterial blood pressure.",
"Four groups each consisting of 19 individuals were studied. Group A consisted o... | The diameter response was reduced in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy, whereas retinal thickness was increased in patients with diabetic maculopathy. This suggests that impairment of diameter response in retinal arterioles precedes the development of diabetic macular edema. | yes |
16,558,503 | Are flexible magnets effective in decreasing pain perception and recovery time after muscle microinjury? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the therapeutic effects of flexible magnets on pain perception, intramuscular swelling, range of motion, and muscular strength in individuals with a muscle microinjury.",
"This experiment was a single-blind, placebo study using a repeated-measures design. Subjects performed an inten... | No significant therapeutic effects on pain control and muscular dysfunction were observed in subjects wearing flexible magnets. | no |
16,552,333 | Does ciclosporin aggravate tissue damage in ischemia reperfusion-induced acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-associated early graft pancreatitis is a major complication after pancreas transplantation. The influence of immunosuppressants on graft pancreatitis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate ciclosporin and tacrolimus in experimental pancreatic I/R.",
... | Tacrolimus does not negatively influence I/R-induced pancreatitis, whereas ciclosporin aggravates pancreatic tissue damage after I/R. These effects should be evaluated in the clinical setting of pancreas transplantation. | yes |
16,537,555 | Is chronotropic response to exercise testing associated with carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronotropic incompetence, an attenuated heart rate (HR) response to exercise, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality, but it is not known whether chronotropic incompetence is related to carotid atherosclerosis. The association between chronotropic incompetence and carotid athero... | These results suggest that the chronotropic response to exercise is associated with carotid atherosclerosis, independent of the established risk factors in healthy men, which could contribute to high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in subjects with chronotropic incompetence. | yes |
16,556,620 | Is non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy nearly systematically associated with obstructive sleep apnoea? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate newly diagnosed non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) patients for the existence of an associated sleep apnoea syndrome.",
"Newly identified NAION patient underwent polysomnography. The prevalence of sleep apnoea in NAION patients was compared to the prevalence... | Sleep apnoea is the most frequent disorder associated with NAION and should be screened in this population. At least a questionnaire related to obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms and assessment of sleepiness should be systematically proposed to patients with NAION. | yes |
16,556,183 | Appear patients with irritable bowel syndrome in primary care to be heavy healthcare utilizers? | {
"contexts": [
"Irritable bowel syndrome is a frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal condition in general practice. Managing this chronic condition requires a co-ordinated effort between patient and doctor.",
"To explore the patterns of treatment and healthcare utilization of irritable bowel syndrome cases in... | Irritable bowel syndrome patients appear not to be heavy utilizers of primary care and, of those who attend, the majority are managed by their General Practitioner. | no |
16,551,865 | Does mobilization of bone marrow stem cells by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ameliorate radiation-induced damage to salivary glands? | {
"contexts": [
"One of the major reasons for failure of radiotherapeutic cancer treatment is the limitation in dose that can be applied to the tumor because of coirradiation of the normal healthy tissue. Late radiation-induced damage reduces the quality of life of the patient and may even be life threatening. Re... | The results show that BMCs home to damaged salivary glands after mobilization and induce repair processes, which improve function and morphology. This process does not involve transdifferentiation of BMCs to salivary gland cells. Mobilization of BMCs could become a promising modality to ameliorate radiation-induced com... | yes |
16,551,869 | Is the vascular targeting property of paclitaxel enhanced by SU6668 , a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor , causing apoptosis of endothelial cells and inhibition of angiogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Different antiangiogenic approaches have been proposed in cancer treatment where therapeutic efficacy has been shown with the addition of cytotoxic agents. Here, we used SU6668, a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to investigate the combinatorial effect with paclitaxel on the cel... | These findings show that the activity of angiogenesis inhibitors on vascular cells could be potentiated when administered in combination with chemotherapeutic agents that themselves have vascular targeting properties. | yes |
16,552,743 | Does leucocyte depletion improve renal function during reperfusion using an experimental isolated haemoperfused organ preservation system? | {
"contexts": [
"Leucocytes have been implicated as mediators of renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of white cells in early renal reperfusion injury using an isolated haemoperfused porcine kidney model.",
"After 2 h cold storage, porcine kidneys were perfused with n... | These data show that the depletion of leucocytes from blood used to perfuse porcine kidneys improved postschaemic renal function, indicating that white cells play an important role in renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. | yes |
16,538,536 | Does population-based mammography screening result in substantial savings in treatment costs for fatal breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim was to assess the effect of population-based mammography screening on treatment costs for fatal breast cancer in Turku, Finland.",
"The study included 556 women with invasive breast cancer, diagnosed at the age of 40-74 years in 1987-1993: 427 in the screened group (screen-detected or... | Treatment costs for fatal breast cancer are high. Mammography screening results in substantial treatment cost savings, in which reduction of fatal disease is the key element. | yes |
16,539,850 | Does deguelin inhibit expression of IkappaBalpha protein in Raji and U937 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether deguelin can regulate the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding protein (IkappaBalpha) in U937 human leukemia cells and Raji human B lymphoma cells.",
"The localization of IkappaBalpha protein was investigated by using an immunofluorescence method. The ... | Deguelin inhibited the expression of IkappaBalpha protein in U937 and Raji cells. The anti-proliferative activity of deguelin is related to the signal pathway of NF-kappaB. | yes |
16,546,908 | Does staurosporine modulate radiosensitivity and radiation-induced apoptosis in U937 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study aims at investigating the involvement of several genes in the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in U937 cells, a cell line lacking functional p53 protein, after combined treatment with staurosporine and irradiation.",
"Using a DNA fragmentation assay, flow cytometry and ... | Abrogation of the G2 checkpoint should be an effective strategy against p53-deficient leukemia cells to irradiation-induced cell killing. | yes |
16,543,550 | Do chemokines indicate allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by a Th2 immune response. Mouse models suggest a critical role for the Th2 chemokines thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in ABPA.",
"To determine whether serum levels of TARC ... | Serum levels of TARC differentiate patients with CF or patients with asthma with ABPA from patients with CF colonized with or sensitized to A. fumigatus, atopic patients with CF, and atopic control subjects. Longitudinally, levels of TARC indicate ABPA exacerbations, suggesting TARC as a marker for identification and m... | yes |
16,545,599 | Does surgery remove EEG abnormalities in patients with Chiari type I malformation and poor CSF flow? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the outcome of EEG from patients with Chiari I malformations and nonspecific EEG abnormalities, after posterior fossa decompression and CSF flow normalization.",
"Three 'apparently asymptomatic' children who had been diagnosed with Arnold-Chiari type 1 EEG abnormalities and who exhib... | A new CNS symptom, identified as focal IRDA alone or focal IRDA plus spikes and spike waves of high voltage in the EEG, seems to be associated with poor CSF flow in 'apparently asymptomatic' patients with Chiari type I malformations. | yes |
16,556,347 | Does treatment of tinnitus with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improve patients ' quality of life? | {
"contexts": [
"Tinnitus can adversely affect patients' quality of life. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may be effective in the management of tinnitus. No study has investigated the efficacy of TENS for the management of tinnitus by means of quality of life measures. In this study, we evaluat... | Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a useful method to improve the quality of life of patients with tinnitus. | yes |
16,540,934 | Do neuroactive antiretroviral drugs influence neurocognitive performance in less advanced HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the effect of antiretroviral therapy, including drugs that have good penetration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), on neuropsychologic performance.",
"One hundred sixty-five HIV-1-infected patients exposed to a stable highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen were studied. N... | Our study indicates that the use of stable HAART, including multiple drugs that have good CSF penetration, was not associated with neuropsychologic performance. To prevent independent replication of HIV in CSF with better control of a relevant reservoir of HIV is one of the crucial aims of therapeutic strategy. | no |
16,556,718 | Does pediatric renal allograft transplantation normalize the increased cortisol/cortisone ratios of chronic renal failure? | {
"contexts": [
"The conversion of cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) is catalyzed by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2). Children suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF) have a decreased activity of 11beta-HSD2 contributing to increased arterial blood pressure. The objective was to investigat... | In all children with chronic renal failure plasma and urinary cortisol/cortisone ratios are elevated and do not return to normal levels after renal allograft transplantation. This suggests that renal transplantation does not normalize 11beta-HSD2 activity. | no |
16,556,714 | Does bexarotene increase uptake of radioiodide in metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment options for metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are limited due to decreased uptake of radioiodide (I-131). Therefore, strategies to improve I-131 uptake are mandatory. It has been suggested that retinoids have beneficial effects on iodide uptake in vitro and in humans.... | Bexarotene partially restores I-131 uptake in metastases of DTC. The clinical relevance of this observation may be limited due to the differential responses of the different metastases within each patient and the low intensity of I-131 uptake. | yes |
16,548,856 | Does post-operative unwashed shed blood transfusion modify the cellular immune response to surgery for total knee replacement? | {
"contexts": [
"In patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR), most blood loss occurs post-operatively, and the return of unwashed filtered shed blood (USB) from post-operative drainage may represent an alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT). We evaluated the impact of USB return on the cellular... | Post-operative salvage and return of USB after TKR does not seem to increase the post-operative infection rate or hospital stay, and does not modify CIR induced by surgery. These findings add to the clinical experience that post-operative USB return, as a source of autologous blood, is safe, and questions the beneficia... | no |
16,556,693 | Does intratracheal recombinant surfactant protein d prevent endotoxin shock in the newborn preterm lamb? | {
"contexts": [
"The susceptibility of neonates to pulmonary and systemic infection has been associated with the immaturity of both lung structure and the immune system. Surfactant protein (SP) D is a member of the collectin family of innate immune molecules that plays an important role in innate host defense of ... | Intratracheal recombinant human SP-D prevented shock caused by endotoxin released from the lung during ventilation in the premature newborn. | yes |
16,545,650 | Is cardioprotective medication associated with improved survival in patients with peripheral arterial disease? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to investigate the effect of cardiac medication on long-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).",
"Peripheral arterial disease is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Treatment guidelines recommend aggressive management of risk... | On the basis of this observational longitudinal study, statins, beta-blockers, aspirins, and ACE inhibitors are associated with a reduction in long-term mortality in patients with PAD. | yes |
16,551,321 | Do higher vulnerable elders survey scores predict death and functional decline in vulnerable older people? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) score predicts risk of death and functional decline in vulnerable older adults.",
"Longitudinal evaluation with mean follow-up of 11 months (range 8-14 months).",
"Two managed care organizations in the United States.",
"Four hun... | The VES-13 score is useful as a screening tool to detect risk of health deterioration in already vulnerable older populations, and higher scores reflect greater risk over a short follow-up period. | yes |
16,551,320 | Does metabolic syndrome predict mobility decline in a community-based sample of older adults? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether metabolic syndrome is an independent predictor of decline in mobility in an elderly community sample.",
"Biracial community-based prospective cohort study.",
"Urban and rural areas of central North Carolina.",
"One thousand two hundred twenty-nine older African Am... | These findings suggest that metabolic syndrome may be a distinct risk factor for mobility decline in community-dwelling older people. | yes |
16,533,833 | Does the mitochondrial fission regulator DRP3B regulate cell death in plants? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent reports have described dramatic alterations in mitochondrial morphology during metazoan apoptosis. A dynamin-related protein (DRP) associated with mitochondrial outer membrane fission is known to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis. This study analysed the relationship between mitoc... | These results indicate that the systems controlling cell death in animals and plants are not common in terms of mitochondrial fission. | no |
16,530,519 | Do fatty acid ethyl esters cause pancreatic calcium toxicity via inositol trisphosphate receptors and loss of ATP synthesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Fatty acid ethyl esters are ethanol metabolites inducing sustained, toxic elevations of the acinar cytosolic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](C)) implicated in pancreatitis. We sought to define the mechanisms of this elevation.",
"Isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells were loaded wit... | Fatty acid ethyl ester increases [Ca(2+)](C) through inositol trisphosphate receptors and, following hydrolysis, through calcium-ATPase pump failure from impaired mitochondrial ATP production. Lowering cellular fatty acid substrate concentrations may reduce cell injury in pancreatitis. | yes |
16,530,518 | Does brain-derived neurotrophic factor augment peristalsis by augmenting 5-HT and calcitonin gene-related peptide release? | {
"contexts": [
"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acts rapidly to modulate synaptic neurotransmission in the brain. Although present in neurons, glial cells, and mucosal cells of the colon, and in higher concentrations than in brain, the action of BDNF in gut have not been characterized. The aim of this s... | Endogenous BDNF enhances the peristaltic reflex by augmenting the release of serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide that mediate the sensory limb of the reflex induced by mucosal stimulation. | yes |
16,530,516 | Does all-trans retinoic acid induce XAF1 expression through an interferon regulatory factor-1 element in colon cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a novel tumor suppressor and interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exerts an antiproliferative effect on tumor cells through up-regulation of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and the downstream ... | XAF1 participates in ATRA-induced growth suppression through IRF-1-mediated transcriptional regulation. | yes |
16,544,114 | Is expression of TNF-alpha , IL-1beta , and IFN-gamma in Staphylococcus epidermidis slime-positive experimental endophthalmitis closely related to clinical inflammatory scores? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma in the vitreous after experimentally induced endophthalmitis by a Staphylococcus epidermidis slime-producing strain.",
"Seventy-two experimental Lewis rats received an intr... | The results of this study suggest that Staphylococcus epidermidis experimental endophthalmitis induces the expression of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma in the vitreous. The time course of those cytokine expression levels is closely associated to the clinical presentation of this endophthalmitis model. | yes |
16,544,115 | Does combination of serum eye drop with hydrogel bandage contact lenses in the treatment of persistent epithelial defects? | {
"contexts": [
"The treatment of persistent epithelial defects (PED) with autologous serum eye drops is often combined with conventional medication such as artificial tears and topical antibiotics, but until now no report exists on the use of a bandage contact lens (BCL) in combination with autologous serum eye ... | These findings suggest that the combination of a therapeutic contact lens and serum eye drops can be successfully used in the treatment of persistent epithelial defects. Deposition of albumin may occur on the surface of the contact lenses, which, in the small group presented here, caused no unwanted effects. | yes |
15,388,569 | Do electrical twitch obtaining intramuscular stimulation ( ETOIMS ) for myofascial pain syndrome in a football player? | {
"contexts": [
"Flare up of acute lower back pain associated with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) may require various forms of treatment including activity restriction and bracing. Electrical twitch obtaining intramuscular stimulation (ETOIMS) is a promising new treatment. It involves the use of a strong monopola... | ETOIMS has a promising role in pain alleviation, increasing and maintaining range of motion, and in providing satisfactory athletic performance during long term follow up. | yes |
15,386,467 | Are fetal cells in maternal plasma found in a late state of apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study was designed to give possible answers to some of the discrepancies regarding the presence or not of intact fetal cells in maternal plasma during pregnancy.",
"12-mL peripheral blood was collected from 33 pregnant women in the second trimester: 6 mL was harvested by 3-step Pe... | Our findings confirm the presence of intact fetal apoptotic cells in maternal plasma; however, their late apoptotic state and the low number does not as yet encourage their use in clinical practice. | yes |
15,365,228 | Is fungal infection but not type of bacterial infection associated with a high mortality in primary and secondary infected pancreatic necrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Knowledge of microbiology in the prognosis of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis is incomplete.",
"This study compared outcomes based on primary and secondary infection after surgery for pancreatic necrosis.",
"From a limited prospective database of pancreatic necrosectomy, a retrospe... | Whether associated with primary or secondary infected pancreatic necrosis, fungal but not bacterial infection was associated with a high mortality. | yes |
15,377,133 | Does terminalia arjuna reverse impaired endothelial function in chronic smokers? | {
"contexts": [
"Smoking, largely through increased oxidative stress, causes endothelial dysfunction which is an early key event in atherosclerosis. Smoking cessation and antioxidant vitamin therapy are shown to have beneficial role by restoring altered endothelial physiology. The present study was aimed to deter... | Smokers have impaired endothelium-dependent but normal endothelium-independent vasodilation as determined by brachial artery reactivity studies. Further, Terrminalia arjuna therapy for two weeks leads to significant regression of this endothelial abnormality amongst smokers. | yes |
15,365,536 | Is nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus associated with the severity of symptoms or the extent of the disease in chronic rhinosinusitis? | {
"contexts": [
"There is an increasing knowledge that the severity of perennial allergic rhinitis is associated with nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of bacterial colonization with S. aureus in the nose of subjects with and without chronic rhinos... | Facultative pathogens were detected in more than 40% of CRS patients without acute respiratory tract infections. In contrast to the findings in atopic dermatitis and perennial allergic rhinitis, the colonization rate with S. aureus is not increased and S. aureus carriage is not a risk factor for the severity or the ext... | no |
15,375,809 | Is continuous low-level heat wrap therapy effective for treating wrist pain? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the efficacy of continuous low-level heat wrap therapy for the treatment of various sources of wrist pain including strain and sprain (SS), tendinosis (T), osteoarthritis (OA), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).",
"Prospective, randomized, parallel, single-blind (investigator), pla... | Continuous low-level heat wrap therapy was efficacious for the treatment of common conditions causing wrist pain and impairment. | yes |
15,380,295 | Do long-term heavy marijuana users make costly decisions on a gambling task? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic marijuana use has been associated with impairments of learning, memory, and executive functions. Little is known, however, about the effects of marijuana use on other cognitive domains, such as decision-making, which are thought to play an important role in addiction and drug abuse.",
... | These data suggest that long-term heavy marijuana users may have specific deficits in the ability to balance rewards and punishments that may contribute to continued drug-taking behavior. It is unknown, however, whether the basis for such deficits might be attributed directly to marijuana exposure or pre-existing genet... | yes |
15,387,892 | Is aging associated with increased collagen type IV accumulation in the basal lamina of human cerebral microvessels? | {
"contexts": [
"Microvascular alterations contribute to the development of stroke and vascular dementia. The goal of this study was to evaluate age and hypertension related changes of the basal lamina in cerebral microvessels of individuals, who died from non-cerebral causes.",
"We examined 27 human brains: ... | The present data show age-related changes of the cerebral microvessels in sections of human putamen for the first time. Due to the accumulation of collagen, microvessels thicken and show a reduction in their lumen. Besides this, the number of vessels decreases. These findings might represent a precondition for the deve... | yes |
15,364,809 | Do akt/protein kinase B and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediate muscular neovascularization induced by tissue kallikrein gene transfer? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiogenesis gene therapy with human tissue kallikrein (hTK) has shown promise for ischemic disease. The present study was undertaken to (1) assess an optimal gene transfer modality, (2) clarify hTK angiogenic pathways, and (3) discount possible side effects.",
"The hTK gene was transferred t... | Our findings provide new information on the pathway involved in hTK-induced neoangiogenesis and represent an advancement toward clinical applications with Ad.hTK. | yes |
15,364,804 | Does cardiac specific increase in aldosterone production induce coronary dysfunction in aldosterone synthase-transgenic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated circulating aldosterone level is associated with impaired cardiovascular function. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, aldosterone antagonists decrease total and cardiovascular mortality in heart failure and myocardial infarction. Aldosterone induces cardiac fibrosis in exp... | Increased cardiac aldosterone production in male mice induces a major coronary endothelium-independent dysfunction with no detectable alterations in cardiac structure and function. However, coronary dysfunction may be harmful for coronary adaptation to increased flow demand. | yes |
15,364,806 | Does probucol protect against smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulating heme oxygenase-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence suggests that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and intimal thickening after arterial injury, and therapeutic molecules induce HO-1. Probucol is the only oral drug that inhibits restenosis in humans and intimal thickening in anima... | Probucol induces HO-1, and this contributes to the inhibition of vascular SMC proliferation. This novel finding may explain how probucol inhibits restenosis and highlights HO-1 as a target for therapeutic intervention against occlusive vascular disease. | yes |
15,378,435 | Do polyamides reveal a role for repression in latency within resting T cells of HIV-infected donors? | {
"contexts": [
"The persistence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 within resting CD4+ T cells poses a daunting therapeutic challenge. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-1, a chromatin-remodeling enzyme that can mediate gene silencing, is recruited to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat by the host transcription fa... | We identify histone deacetylation as a mechanism that can dampen viral expression in infected, activated CD4+ T cells and establish a persistent, quiescent reservoir of HIV infection. | yes |
15,371,768 | Does unilateral ureteral obstruction induce renal tubular cell production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha independent of inflammatory cell infiltration? | {
"contexts": [
"Obstructive uropathy is a significant clinical problem that results in apoptotic renal cell death and progressive renal fibrosis. A number of different inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathophysiology of obstruction induced renal injury including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF... | TNF-alpha is produced by the renal cortical tubular cells in response to ureteral obstruction and independent of a significant inflammatory cell infiltrate. Identification of the cellular source of TNF-alpha expression during renal obstruction may have therapeutic implications for the targeted inhibition of TNF-alpha p... | yes |
15,378,776 | Does expression of hepatitis C virus envelope protein 2 induce apoptosis in cultured mammalian cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope protein 2 (E2) in the induction of apoptosis.",
"A carboxyterminal truncated E2 (E2-661) was transiently expressed in several cultured mammalian cell lines or stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. Cell proliferation ... | HCV E2 can induce apoptosis in cultured mammalian cells. | yes |
15,369,651 | Are congenital uterine malformations associated to increased blood pressure in pregnancy? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the relationship between congenital uterine malformations and blood pressure in pregnancy.",
"Twenty-four-hour automated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (readings every 30 min) was performed in 16 normotensive, nonproteinuric, primigravidae with congenital uterine malformations... | Although the blood pressure levels remained within the normotensive range, pregnant women with congenital uterine anomalies have a higher blood pressure than normal women. Elevated blood pressure can result from altered uterine circulation and reduced blood supply to the placenta. This pathogenesis or the poor placenta... | yes |
15,389,777 | Is prostate specific membrane antigen ( PSMA ) a tissue-specific target for adenoviral transduction of prostate cancer in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Adenovirus binds to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a first step in the process of cellular infection. This dependence on CAR potentially limits the use of adenovirus in gene therapy, since CAR is expressed in many tissues of the body, and expression of CAR may be low or lost ... | PSMA serves as a tissue-specific target for adenoviral vectors and may be applicable for gene therapeutical treatment of prostate cancer. | yes |
15,370,692 | Does adrenomedullin contribute to vascular hyporeactivity in cirrhotic rats with ascites via a release of nitric oxide? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma levels of adrenomedullin, a potent vasodilator peptide, are increased in cirrhotic patients, whereas its role in vascular hyporeactivity in cirrhosis has not been clarified.",
"Adrenomedullin expression was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reacti... | These findings indicate that the overproduction of adrenomedullin may contribute to vascular hyporeactivity in cirrhosis via a release of nitric oxide. | yes |
15,366,638 | Does a high carbohydrate diet induce insulin resistance through decreased glucose utilization in ovariectomized rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent research has reported that high sugar diets increase insulin resistance, without abdominal obesity, in male, but not female Wistar rats. Whether a high sucrose (SU) diet increased insulin resistance in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was determined.",
"Female Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 27... | These results suggested that an OVX increased the weight gain due to higher food intakes, regardless of dietary carbohydrate subtypes. OVX-induced obesity may be involved in the induction of insulin resistance from an increased triacylglycerol content, decreased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscles... | yes |
15,372,385 | Does combination of intraneural injection and high injection pressure lead to fascicular injury and neurologic deficits in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"Unintentional intraneural injection of local anesthetics may cause mechanical injury and pressure ischemia of the nerve fascicles. One study in small animals showed that intraneural injection may be associated with higher injection pressures. However, the pressure heralding an intraneural injecti... | High injection pressures at the onset of injection may indicate an intraneural needle placement and lead to severe fascicular injury and persistent neurologic deficits. If these results are applicable to clinical practice, avoiding excessive injection pressure during nerve block administration may help to reduce the ri... | yes |
15,375,648 | Are static pressure-volume curve characteristics moderate estimators of optimal airway pressures in a mathematical model of ( primary/pulmonary ) acute respiratory distress syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the value of objective pressure-volume characteristics for predicting optimal airway pressures and the development of atelectasis and overstretching during a structured lung volume recruitment procedure with subsequent reduction in airway pressures.",
"We used a mathematical model of... | A recruitment maneuver followed by subsequent reduction in airway pressure limits end-expiratory atelectasis, overstretching, and pressure. None of the objective characteristics of the pressure-volume curve was predictive for end-expiratory atelectasis, overstretching, or optimal airway pressure. | yes |
15,383,375 | Do an examination of the appropriateness of using a common peer assessment instrument to assess physician skills across specialties? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether a common peer assessment instrument can assess competencies across internal medicine, pediatrics, and psychiatry specialties.",
"A common 36 item peer survey assessed psychiatry (n = 101), pediatrics (n = 100), and internal medicine (n = 103) specialists. Cronbach's alpha... | Reliability and generalizability coefficient data suggest that using the instrument across specialties is appropriate, and differences in factors confirm the instrument's ability to discriminate for specialty differences providing evidence of validity. | yes |
15,381,659 | Do antibodies from preeclamptic patients stimulate increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization through angiotensin receptor activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Preeclampsia is a serious disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, edema, and coagulation and vascular abnormalities. At the cellular level, abnormalities include increased calcium concentration in platelets, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes. Recent studies have shown that a... | These results suggest that maternal antibodies capable of activating AT1 receptors are likely to account for increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations and changes in gene expression associated with preeclampsia. | yes |
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