pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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15,577,797 | Does radial forearm free tissue transfer reduce complications in salvage skull base surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients who undergo skull base resection after prior surgery or radiation may be at high risk for complications when local flaps alone are used for reconstruction. To determine whether the complication rate could be reduced, fasciocutaneous free tissue transfer was used to reinforce the dural cl... | Reconstruction with fasciocutaneous free tissue transfer for high-risk patients with low-volume dural defects following skull base resection can minimize the risk of major postoperative complications. | yes |
15,581,340 | Does ambulatory monitoring predict development of drug-treated hypertension in subjects with high normal blood pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"High normal blood pressure (HNBP), i.e. blood pressure (BP) > or = 130/85 mmHg and <140/90 mmHg, is an important predictor of progression to established hypertension.",
"The purpose of this retrospective study was the evaluation of the predictive value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ... | We conclude that ABPM correctly predicts development of drug-treated hypertension in most subjects who were identified early as having a daytime mean ABP >135/85 mmHg. ABPM appears to be a useful clinical tool in the early diagnosis of hypertension in subjects with metabolic risk factors and smoking. | yes |
15,573,644 | Do health care services use by workers with work-related contact dermatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"There is little information in the literature regarding the use of health care services by workers with occupational contact dermatitis.",
"The objective of the study was to describe the use of health care services by workers with occupational contact dermatitis.",
"One hundred workers wi... | This descriptive information suggests that there are gaps in health services for patients with work-related skin disease and that there is a need for refinement of the delivery of health services related to occupational disease. A redesign of the occupational health care delivery system to address these issues and an e... | yes |
15,569,052 | Is high microvascular density correlated with high VEGF , iNOS and COX-2 expression in penetrating growth-type early gastric carcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Early gastric carcinomas have two characteristic growth types, superficial spreading (SUP) and penetrating (PEN). Higher mucosal apoptotic activity and lower p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and submucosal low proliferative activity have been shown in the former, compared with the latter. In order to ca... | Increased MVD in PEN type has an intimate causal relationship to angiogenic factors, high VEGF and iNOS expression. The SUP type, in contrast, has characteristics of low angiogenesis. | yes |
15,554,075 | Does hLA-DR2 predict susceptibility and disease chronicity in Irish sarcoidosis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"HLA-DR2 (15) and 14 (6) have been recently proposed as susceptibility alleles for the development of sarcoidosis and HLA-DR15 as a marker of poor outcome, but validation in other populations is necessary.",
"Employing serological techniques, we HLA-typed 103 Irish sarcoidosis patients and 105... | This study supports the role of HLA-DR2 (15) as both a susceptibility and poor prognostic marker in sarcoidosis and DR2 positive patients may particularly benefit from close follow-up and early treatment. In contrast, DR3 positive patients are at a much lesser risk of chronic disease. Studies for long-term treatment ef... | yes |
15,566,444 | Does prevalence and determinants of physician participation in conducting pharmaceutical-sponsored clinical trials and lecture? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry is controversial because of the potential for conflicts of interest. However, little empirical evidence exists on the extent of physician participation in activities sponsored by pharmaceutical companies.",
"To determine the ... | A substantial number of internists engage in pharmaceutical industry-sponsored clinical trials and/or lectures in an effort to supplement their incomes. Physician dissatisfaction with income appears to partially explain such participation. | yes |
15,564,310 | Are soluble TRAIL concentrations raised in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased apoptosis may induce autoimmune conditions. Apoptosis is induced by binding of death receptor ligands, members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, to their cognate receptors. The Fas-Fas ligand pathway has been studied extensively in relation to systemic lupus erythematosus... | Serum sTRAIL concentrations are increased SLE patients. This seems to be disease specific and could indicate a role for TRAIL in SLE pathophysiology. | yes |
15,583,582 | Does oral Polypodium leucotomos extract decrease ultraviolet-induced damage of human skin? | {
"contexts": [
"UV radiation induces damage to human skin. Protection of skin by an oral photoprotective agent would have substantial benefits. Objective We investigated the photoprotective effect of oral administration of an extract of the natural antioxidant Polypodium leucotomos (PL).",
"A total of 9 heal... | Oral administration of PL is an effective systemic chemophotoprotective agent leading to significant protection of skin against UV radiation. | yes |
15,556,264 | Is myostatin expression altered by insulin deficiency and replacement in streptozotocin-diabetic rat skeletal muscles? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin is a major post-prandial muscle-anabolic hormone. A substantial loss of skeletal muscle mass occurs in insulin-deprived diabetes and is reversed by insulin treatment. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle mass upregulated in several chronic catabolic conditions. Whether myostatin ex... | Muscle-specific myostatin expression is not increased under catabolic conditions in insulin-deprived diabetes. Insulin treatment also does not change myostatin transcript levels. The data provide the first assessment of potential interplay between insulin and myostatin and they do not support a major role of circulatin... | no |
15,565,360 | Does active transforming growth factor-beta1 activate the procollagen I promoter in patients with acute lung injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Fibroproliferation markers like procollagen I predict mortality in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We sought to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with lung injury contained mediators that would activate procol... | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ALI/ARDS patients activates procollagen I promoter, which is due partly to TGF-beta1. Activated TGF-beta1 may impact ARDS outcome independent of its effect on procollagen I activation. | yes |
15,565,369 | Does tolbutamide potentiate the volume-regulated anion channel current in rat pancreatic beta cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas are thought to stimulate insulin release by binding to a sulphonylurea receptor, closing K(ATP) channels and inducing electrical activity. However, the fact that these drugs stimulate insulin release at high glucose concentrations where K(ATP) channels are closed sugg... | Tolbutamide can induce beta cell electrical activity by potentiating the glucose- and volume-regulated anion channel current. This effect is probably not due to a direct effect of the drug on the channel, but could be secondary to a metabolic action in the beta cell. | yes |
15,569,979 | Do low levels of estrogen receptor beta protein predict resistance to tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Breast cancer is a hormone-dependent cancer, and the presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) in tumors is used clinically to predict the likelihood of response to hormonal therapies. The clinical value of the second recently identified ER isoform, called ER-beta, is less clear, and there i... | These findings provide evidence that ER-beta may be an independent predictor of response to tamoxifen in breast cancer. Furthermore, these results suggest that ER-beta may influence tumor progression in ways different from those mediated by the ER-alpha isoform. | yes |
15,557,504 | Does association of cholesterol with stroke risk vary in stroke subtypes and patient subgroups? | {
"contexts": [
"To perform a health maintenance organization-based case-control study to evaluate the association of total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with the risk of stroke subtypes and in patient subgroups.",
"Cases had a confirmed incident ischemic stroke (n = 1,242) or hemorrhagic str... | Higher total and lower HDL cholesterol levels were associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, especially certain stroke subtypes and patient subgroups. The lowest levels of total cholesterol were associated with an increased risk of all hemorrhagic strokes. | yes |
15,566,575 | Does inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase improve lung injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Although in vitro studies have determined that the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases is crucial to the activation of transcription factors and regulation of the production of proinflammatory mediators, the roles of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regul... | JNK and ERK play pivotal roles in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Therefore, inhibition of JNK or ERK activity has potential as an effective therapeutic strategy in interventions of inflammatory cascade-associated lung injury. | yes |
15,582,087 | Does optical coherence tomography detect characteristic retinal nerve fiber layer thickness corresponding to band atrophy of the optic discs? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes with band atrophy by use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to evaluate the ability of OCT to detect this characteristic pattern of RNFL loss.",
"Cross-sectional, retrospective study.",
"Thirty-four eyes of 18 patients w... | The degree of RNFL thickness reduction correlated with that of visual field defects. Optical coherence tomography was able to identify the characteristic pattern of RNFL loss in these eyes. | yes |
15,578,474 | Does cardiopulmonary bypass reduce the minimum alveolar concentration for isoflurane? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in a rat model of CPB.",
"Prospective.",
"University research laboratory.",
"Sprague-Dawley rats.",
"Using tail-clamp methodol... | CPB resulted in a small (10%) but significant reduction in the MAC for isoflurane. The mechanism behind this reduction in MAC is not clear but may be related to CPB-induced cerebral injury. | yes |
15,578,471 | Does simvastatin blunt the increase of circulating adhesion molecules after coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be a critical early component of organ injury after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules have been regarded as a valid index of endothelial activation. Recent reports suggest that statins, widely used in the contro... | Pretreatment with simvastatin significantly reduces the increase of ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 after coronary artery bypass surgery, by a mechanism that seems not related to its efficacy in lowering cholesterol levels. | yes |
15,572,385 | Are peritoneal dialysis fluid-induced changes of the peritoneal membrane reversible after peritoneal rest in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with functional and structural alterations of the peritoneal membrane. However, the (ir)reversibility of these pathological changes of the peritoneum is not understood fully.",
"In an experimental PD model, rats (n = 15) received daily 10 ml conventional... | We show that PD fluid-induced cellular and morphological alterations of the peritoneal membrane are generally reversible. | yes |
15,572,383 | Do individual differences in renal ACE activity in healthy rats predict susceptibility to adriamycin-induced renal damage? | {
"contexts": [
"In man, differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels, related to ACE (I/D) genotype, are associated with renal prognosis. This raises the hypothesis that individual differences in renal ACE activity are involved in renal susceptibility to inflicted damage. Therefore, we studied the p... | Individual differences in renal ACE activity predict the severity of adriamycin-induced renal damage in this outbred rat strain. This supports the assumption that differences in renal ACE activity predispose to a less favourable course of renal damage. | yes |
15,572,382 | Does uric acid correlate with the severity of histopathological parameters in IgA nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common chronic glomerulonephritis worldwide. Many clinical and histopathological risk factors for progression have been found previously. Recently, metabolic risk factors, such as hyperuricaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia, also have been associated w... | We conclude that many metabolic factors are univariately associated with renal morphological findings in IgAN. These same factors are central in the metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome and may have a pathogenetic role in the progression of IgAN. Serum uric acid may have an independent role in development of tubulo... | yes |
15,572,381 | Is transplanting kidneys from CMV-seropositive donors to CMV-seronegative recipients associated with poorer renal allograft function or survival? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative recipients of renal allografts from CMV-seropositive donors (D+/R-) have a higher rate of acute rejection than other renal transplant recipients. A relationship between CMV infection/disease and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) has been proposed from animal s... | The D+/R- group does not appear to have poorer renal allograft function 3 years post-transplant. This group does, however, have an increased risk of early allograft loss due to acute rejection. | no |
15,564,838 | Is preoperative ultrasound worthwhile for reoperative parathyroid surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"High-resolution ultrasound and sestamibi scanning are regarded as the first-line methods for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. The utility of ultrasound in reoperative cases has been questioned because of concern that scarring will obscure normal tissue planes and vascularity tha... | High-resolution ultrasound is an accurate method for localizing parathyroid adenomas even in patients who have previously undergone parathyroid exploration. However, the presence of thyroid nodules can interfere with its accuracy. | yes |
15,574,183 | Is phytanic acid accumulation associated with conduction delay and sudden cardiac death in sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x deficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"The sterol carrier protein-2 gene encodes two functionally distinct proteins: sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2, a peroxisomal lipid carrier) and sterol carrier protein-x (SCPx, a peroxisomal thiolase known as peroxisomal thiolase-2), which is involved in peroxisomal metabolism of bile acids and bra... | Accumulation of phytanic acid in myocardial phospholipid membranes is associated with bradycardia and impaired AV nodal and intraventricular impulse conduction, which could provide an explanation for sudden cardiac death in this model. | yes |
15,567,626 | Is the diagnostic randomized clinical trial the best solution for management issues in critical limb ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"The value of a new diagnostic test is usually established by analyzing its accuracy in relation to a reference standard. Here we describe a potentially better model of diagnostic research, namely, a diagnostic randomized clinical trial (D-RCT), and discuss its pros and cons using management of cr... | A D-RCT can provide valuable information as to the evaluation of diagnostic tests. | yes |
15,565,429 | Does acute diclofenac treatment attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations to basic reward behavior and HPA axis activation in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) counteract stress hormone and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation, and are being considered as therapeutics for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Previous data from our laboratory revealed that repeated treatment with the ... | These new data provide a comprehensive assessment of the acute effects of diclofenac on LPS exposure in rats and confirm a role for NSAIDs in attenuating endotoxin-induced anhedonia. Of particular importance, the data reveal that the observed effects are mediated via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis at the level... | yes |
15,571,827 | Are markers of inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease also associated with glycosylated haemoglobin A1c within the normal range? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetes is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and low-degree inflammation may play a central role in both diseases. Glycosylated haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) is an established measure of long-term glycaemic control but data on its correlation with markers of inflammation are limited, especially in... | In subjects with known coronary atherosclerosis, low-degree inflammatory activity is not only increased in diabetic patients, but also increased with increasing HbA(1c) in non-diabetic individuals with HbA(1c) within the normal range, i.e., at a pre-diabetic level of glucose metabolism derangement. | yes |
15,560,849 | Is sMAC expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"Smac/Diablo is a recently identified protein that is released from mitochondria after apoptotic stimuli. It binds IAPs, allowing caspase activation and cell death. In view of its activity it might participate in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed Smac expression in a panel of cervi... | Smac is expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer patients, reflecting a possible heterogeneity in the pathways leading to cervical cancer. There was no correlation with any clinical variable. | yes |
15,566,660 | Do [ Observation of clinical response of `` sheng ban recipe '' for platelets decrease after chemotherapy ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The majority of cancer chemotherapy can lead to bone marrow depression, which often affects clinical response as chemotherapy can not be carried out with enough dosage on time. The platelets decrease is one of the problems caused by bone marrow depression. Though the clinical response of hyodermi... | "Sheng Ban Recipe" can effectively treat thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy, which helps to reduce the necessary of intravenous drip of platelets and the risk of hemorrhage. | yes |
15,582,131 | Does suppression of transforming growth factor-beta result in upregulation of transcription of regeneration factors after chronic liver injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effects of dominant-negative TGF-beta receptor expression during liver regeneration in rats with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury.",
"Rats were first treated with DMN for 3 weeks, and then intravenously injected once with AdTbeta-TR, AdLacZ, or saline. Serial ch... | In rats with DMN-induced liver injury, anti-TGF-beta molecular intervention therapy stimulates proliferation and reduces apoptosis of hepatocytes, and also up-regulates the transcription of various growth factors. | yes |
15,574,174 | Does incidence and risk factors of early venous thrombosis associated with permanent pacemaker lead? | {
"contexts": [
"Pacemaker lead implantation can cause thrombosis, which can be associated with serious local morbidity and complicated by pulmonary embolism. Few reliable estimates of the incidence of thrombosis have been reported. The contribution of established risk factors to venous thrombosis in patients wit... | Established risk factors for venous thrombosis and the presence of multiple pacemaker leads contribute substantially to the occurrence of thrombosis associated with permanent pacemaker leads. Risk factor assessment prior to implantation may be useful for identifying patients at risk for thrombotic complications. Preven... | yes |
15,554,460 | Is beta2 adrenergic receptor gene Arg16Gly polymorphism associated with therapeutic efficacy of benazepril on essential hypertension in Chinese? | {
"contexts": [
"There is considerable variability in individual response to antihypertensive agents. The reason for this is not known, but may be related to individual genetic variability. This study examined whether the therapeutic efficacy of benazepril on essential hypertension is modified by beta2 adrenergic... | Our family-based study provided the first evidence that ADRB2 R16G polymorphism may play an important role in DBP response to benazepril treatment, although the magnitude of the effect appears to be modified by other risk factors such as plasma lipid and glucose profiles. | yes |
15,556,046 | Does erythropoietin improve left ventricular function and coronary flow in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies show that erythropoietin (EPO) plays a protective role in brain ischemia. In this condition, administration of EPO protects neurons from ischemic damage. Recently, it has been shown that in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), EPO treatment improved cardiac function. In the p... | The present data suggest that a functional EPO-R is present in rat adult cardiac tissue and that exogenous EPO administration improves cardiac function after ischemia/reperfusion injury. | yes |
15,582,762 | Is vasopressin administered with epinephrine associated with a return of a pulse in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent data suggest that using vasopressin in combination with epinephrine (adrenaline) may improve treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study examined local experience with the combination of epinephrine and vasopressin administration.",
"Data were obtained from an urban, munici... | There is an association between using vasopressin in combination with epinephrine and restoration of circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. | yes |
15,562,202 | Does two-year statin therapy alter the progression of intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to determine the effect of statin therapy versus placebo on the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in type 2 diabetic patients without manifest CVD.",
"A randomize... | There was no effect of 2 years' statin therapy on carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic subjects. The natural history of IMT in our patients was milder than anticipated. In contrast, we observed a significantly lower cardiovascular event rate on statin therapy. Prognostic tools other than IMT should be explored in this patien... | no |
15,571,513 | Is heat shock protein-27 upregulated in the temporal cortex of patients with epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27) belongs to the group of small heat shock proteins that become induced in response to various pathologic conditions. HSP-27 has been shown to protect cells and subcellular structures, particularly mitochondria, and serves as a carrier for estradiol. It is a reliable ... | These results demonstrate that HSP-27 becomes induced in response to epileptic pathology. Although the functional aspects of HSP-27 induction during human epilepsy have yet to be elucidated, it can be concluded that HSP-27 is a marker for cortical regions in which a stress response has been caused by seizures. | yes |
15,565,370 | Is igG4-subclass of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody more frequent in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults than in type 1 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) are the most frequent beta-cell-specific autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes and in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The autoimmune attack on pancreatic islet cells is associated with a T helper 1 cell (T(h)1) response, mainly represente... | The difference in GADA IgG-subclasses could indicate a different immune response, possibly an altered balance between T(h)1 and T(h)2 cytokine profile in pancreatic islets. This difference could contribute to the slower rate of beta cell destruction in LADA patients, as reflected by a higher C-peptide level at clinical... | yes |
15,578,514 | Does innate immune system play a critical role in determining the progression and severity of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammatory mediators released by nonparenchymal inflammatory cells in the liver have been implicated in the progression of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Among hepatic nonparenchymal inflammatory cells, we examined the role of the abundant natural killer (NK) cells and NK cells with T-cel... | NK and NKT cells play a critical role in the progression of APAP-induced liver injury by secreting IFN-gamma, modulating chemokine production and accumulation of neutrophils, and up-regulating FasL expression in the liver, all of which may promote the inflammatory response of liver innate immune system, thus contributi... | yes |
15,564,412 | Does quantification of afferent vessels show reduced brain vascular density in subjects with leukoaraiosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate vessel density changes with increasing age in three areas of the brain and to correlate these changes with leukoaraiosis (LA) on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) images and location in deep white matter (WM).",
"Internal review board approval or informed consent from next o... | Findings of decreased afferent vascular density in the area of LA and outside the lesion indicate that LA is a generalized cerebrovascular disease process rather than one confined to deep WM. | yes |
15,567,471 | Does chlorine inhalation produce nasal airflow limitation in allergic rhinitic subjects without evidence of neuropeptide release? | {
"contexts": [
"Seasonal allergic rhinitic (SAR) subjects are more physiologically reactive to airborne irritants than non-rhinitic (NR) subjects; however the mechanism underlying this difference is unclear.",
"We sought to determine whether irritant-induced nasal airflow limitation involves neuropeptide rel... | Irritant-induced nasal airflow limitation is more pronounced among SAR than NR subjects. We could not, however, demonstrate a role for neuropeptide release in the nasal congestive response of SAR subjects. | yes |
15,572,326 | Does thermal microdebridement affect the time zero biomechanical properties of human patellar tendons? | {
"contexts": [
"Thermal microdebridement for the treatment of chronic tendinopathy has recently been introduced. The effect of thermal microdebridement on the biomechanical properties of human tendons, however, remains unknown.",
"Thermal microdebridement does not affect the biomechanical properties of human... | Thermal microdebridement does not affect the biomechanical properties of cadaveric human patellar tendons at the time of initial treatment. | no |
15,556,929 | Are matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) , MMP-2 , and serum elastase activity associated with systolic hypertension and arterial stiffness? | {
"contexts": [
"Arterial stiffness is an independent determinant of cardiovascular risk, and arterial stiffening is the predominant abnormality in systolic hypertension. Elastin is the main elastic component of the arterial wall and can be degraded by a number of enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MM... | Aortic stiffness is related to MMP-9 levels and SEA, not only in ISH, but also in younger, apparently healthy individuals. This suggests that elastases including MMP-9 may be involved in the process of arterial stiffening and development of ISH. The relationship between arterial stiffness and elastase activity was exam... | yes |
15,561,575 | Is lung biopsy with a 12-gauge cutting needle possible using an insertion sheath in animal models? | {
"contexts": [
"The volume of lung tumor core biopsy specimens has been restricted because of concerns for complications such as bleeding and air leakage. In this animal experiment, we investigated the possibility of larger bore biopsies through the peripheral lung parenchyma.",
"Lung biopsy was done in male... | Although we have not evaluated lung tumor biopsy per se, lung tumor biopsy with a 12-gauge cutting needle may be possible with a use of a sheath. | yes |
15,580,171 | Does intermittent hypoxia cause a suppressed pituitary growth hormone through somatostatin? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the response of the growth hormone (GH) in rat anterior pituitary to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and its modulation by hypothalamic somatostatin (SS).",
"To observe the hypoxic response, rats were exposed to simulated altitude hypoxia (2 km or 5 km) in a... | IH may cause a short-term and recoverable suppression of GH release, and reduce GH mRNA expression in anterior pituitary, which may depend on the intensity and duration of the hypoxia. This suppression may be due to a modulation of hypoxia-activated SS. | yes |
15,578,464 | Is cerebral oxygen desaturation associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the relationship between cerebral oxygen saturation and neuropsychological dysfunction after cardiac surgery.",
"Prospective and observational study.",
"Operating room and cardiac floor of a university hospital.",
"One hundred one patients undergoing elective cardiac surge... | Intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturation is associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, it remains to be determined whether interventions to maintain adequate cerebral oxygenation may improve neuropsychological outcom... | yes |
15,561,266 | Is cD8 T cell of donor splenocyte mixed with bone marrow cells more effective than CD4 T cell for induction of donor-specific tolerance in sublethally irradiated mice? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously demonstrated that even a low dose of bone marrow cells (BMCs) established donor-specific tolerance if mixed with splenocytes (SPLCs). In this study, T-cell subsets CD4 (CD4SP) and CD8 (CD8SP) of donor SPLCs were investigated for their contribution to the enhancement of BMC engraftme... | CD8SP seems to make a major contribution to enhance BMC engraftment and induce donor-specific tolerance. Ly6A/E (Sca-1)-positive cells need to be further investigated for their contribution to the establishment of chimerism. | yes |
15,564,772 | Does desloratadine inhibit constitutive and histamine-stimulated nuclear factor-kappaB activity consistent with inverse agonism at the histamine H1 Receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"The human histamine H1 receptor is constitutively active and exhibits basal activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), an important modulator of allergic inflammation. Certain H1 antihistamines have recently been shown to inhibit basal NF-kappaB activity by stabilizing the H1 receptor in an... | Desloratadine, acting through the histamine H1 receptor, inhibited basal NF-kappaB activity and can thus be classified as an inverse agonist. Inhibition of basal and histamine-stimulated NF-kappaB activity may help to explain previously reported inhibitory effects of desloratadine on allergic inflammatory mediators. | yes |
15,565,423 | Does [ Two-tier screening process ( TEOAE/AABR ) reduce recall rates in newborn hearing screening ]? | {
"contexts": [
"1-2/1,000 newborns are affected by connatal permanent hearing impairment. Clinical diagnosis is often delayed. This demands newborn hearing screening (NHS). Some questions regarding the optimal method remain unsolved.",
"The newborns in the obstetrical department (low-risk group) are tested b... | A two-tier screening process as described is able to reduce recall rate, overall expenses and parental anxiety. | yes |
15,572,627 | Is hIV status of sexual partners more important than antiretroviral treatment related perceptions for risk taking by HIV positive MSM in Montreal , Canada? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the role of antiretroviral treatment related perceptions relative to other clinical and psychosocial factors associated with sexual risk taking in HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM).",
"Participants were recruited from ambulatory HIV clinics in Montreal. Information on so... | Despite much emphasis on HIV treatment related beliefs as an explanation for sexual risk taking in MSM, this concern may play a relatively minor part in the negotiation of risk by HIV positive MSM. Serosorting, safer sex fatigue, and the use of poppers appear to be more important considerations in understanding the sex... | yes |
15,574,194 | Is mitochondrial inhibition of uracil-DNA glycosylase mutagenic? | {
"contexts": [
"Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) plays a major role in repair of uracil formed due to deamination of cytosine. UDG in human cells is present in both the nucleus and mitochondrial compartments. Although, UDG's role in the nucleus is well established its role in mitochondria is less clear.",
"In or... | These results suggest that human cell mitochondria contain alternatives glycosylase (s) that may function as back up DNA repair protein (s) that repair uracil in the mitochondria. | no |
15,575,120 | Does drugs and fall in older people in geriatric care settings? | {
"contexts": [
"Falls and their consequences constitute serious health problems in the older population. The aim was to study predisposing factors for falls among older people in geriatric care settings, focusing on drugs.",
"This population-based study, with a cross-sectional design, analysed all geriatric ... | Like functional and cognitive impairment, treatments with antidepressants and neuroleptics are predisposing factors for falls in older people in residential care. However, there seem to be differences between subgroups among these drugs and, from the perspective of fall prevention, SNRIs rather than SSRIs should perhap... | yes |
15,557,457 | Does aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice protect against impaired retinal function and cell death after ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Water channel aquaporin (AQP)-4 is expressed in Muller cells in retina, which are similar to astroglial cells in the central nervous system, where AQP4 deletion protects against cytotoxic brain edema after cerebral ischemia. A transient ischemia-reperfusion model was used to determine whether AQP... | AQP4 deletion in mice is neuroprotective in a transient ischemia model of retinal injury, suggesting the possible use of AQP4 inhibitors in retinal vascular occlusive and ischemic diseases. | yes |
15,557,455 | Does focal adhesion kinase overexpression induce enhanced pathological retinal angiogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is involved in processes integral to angiogenesis, such as cell growth, survival, and migration. FAK is activated by angiogenic growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bF... | Modulating the FAK/FRNK system may provide a novel approach to inhibiting pathologic retinal angiogenesis. | yes |
15,574,548 | Does a new guidance device facilitate percutaneous puncture of the foramen ovale in human cadavers? | {
"contexts": [
"Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common neurological cause for facial pain. Contemporary interventional treatment relies on surgical microvascular decompression or, alternatively, percutaneous interventions targeting the semilunar ganglion via the foramen ovale. For the latter approach, only free... | The employment of a guidance device facilitated percutaneous transforaminal puncture and resulted in a significantly decreased number of puncture attempts as compared to free-hand techniques in human cadavers. | yes |
15,574,546 | Are the vascular relaxing effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane more important in hypertensive than in normotensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The vascular response to anesthetics is altered in hypertensive patients since the functional and structural integrities of vascular smooth muscle and endothelium are deranged. The effects of anesthetics on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced changes in vascular tone are not well understood. We inves... | Our finding that the inhibitory effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on Ang II-induced vasoconstriction are enhanced in SHR may, at least in part, account for the anesthesia-induced systemic hypotension frequently seen in hypertensive patients. | yes |
15,574,544 | Are a high initial VAS score and sedation after iv morphine titration associated with the need for rescue analgesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Administration of sc morphine has been recommended two hours after the end of iv morphine titration in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), but in some cases patients complain of pain earlier than this. We assessed pain after the end of iv morphine titration and studied the characteristics of pat... | Sedation during titration and an initial VAS > or = 60 are characteristics of the patients who require rescue (less than two hours) sc morphine after iv morphine titration. | yes |
15,557,378 | Does coronary blood flow assessment after successful angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction predict the risk of long-term cardiac events? | {
"contexts": [
"Analysis of coronary flow velocity (CFV) in the recanalized infarct-related coronary artery (IRA) with a Doppler guidewire is useful for predicting recovery of regional left ventricular function, in-hospital complications, and survival. We postulated that the CFV pattern after IRA reperfusion for... | The CFV pattern appears to be an accurate predictor of long-term cardiac events in patients having undergone successful reopening of the IRA after AMI, identifying a subset of at-risk patients. | yes |
15,556,054 | Is biomechanical efficiency decreased in heart failure during low-level steady state and maximal ramp exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies of biomechanical efficiency (external work/energy input--Watt/O(2) consumed) in heart failure (HF) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have had discordant results with increased efficiency by CPET and decreased efficiency by MRS... | HF subjects have an increased O(2) cost/Watt during SS and ramp exercise that correlates with HF symptoms of fatigue and breathlessness. Methods to improve biomechanical efficiency in HF subjects by exercise training or medications may improve the symptoms and the impaired exercise capacity associated with HF. | yes |
15,553,225 | Is retinal delivery of celecoxib several-fold higher following subconjunctival administration compared to systemic administration? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously demonstrated that celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, reaches the retina following repeated oral administrations and inhibits diabetes-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression and vascular leakage in a rat model. The aim of this study was to quantif... | The retinal delivery of celecoxib was substantially higher following subconjunctival administration compared to the intraperitoneal route. The transscleral pathway almost completely accounts for the retinal celecoxib delivery following subconjunctival administration. | yes |
15,562,982 | Do n100 auditory potential and electroencephalogram discriminate propofol-induced sedation levels? | {
"contexts": [
"In the present study, we evaluated the electroencephalogram (EEG) and auditory N100 potential (N100) before and during propofol-induced sedation. The aim was to test whether using EEG and N100 the level of sedation may be evaluated.",
"Twenty-nine cardiac surgery patients were studied. The EE... | Our findings suggest that the combined use of EEG and N100 may help to differentiate the propofol-induced sedation levels, and thus be a useful compliment to clinical sedation scales. | yes |
15,562,983 | Is increased tidal volume variability in children a better marker of opioid-induced respiratory depression than decreased respiratory rate? | {
"contexts": [
"During opioid administration, decreasing respiratory rate is typically used as a predictor of respiratory depression. Prior to opioid-induced apnea, progressively irregular breathing patterns have been noticed. We hypothesize that opioid administration to children will increase tidal volume varia... | TV(var) increases as children approach opioid-induced respiratory depression. This is a more useful predictor of respiratory depression than a fall in respiratory rate because the TV(var) increase is 10 times the drop in respiratory rate. A TV(var) increase also correctly predicts respiratory depression twice as often ... | yes |
15,562,210 | Are sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy frequent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of sympathetic versus parasympathetic neuropathy among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.",
"There were 43 patients with type 1 and 17 with type 2 diabetes who were investigated. Sympathetic nerve function was assessed by measurement of th... | Sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy were frequent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. However, there was a difference between the two types of diabetes. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve functions correlated in type 1 but not in type 2 diabetic patients. The explanation for this discrepancy might be... | yes |
15,557,593 | Is a multitargeted , metronomic , and maximum-tolerated dose `` chemo-switch '' regimen antiangiogenic , producing objective responses and survival benefit in a mouse model of cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"A transgenic mouse model has revealed parameters of the angiogenic switch during multistep tumorigenesis of pancreatic islets, and demonstrated efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies. Pericytes have been revealed as functionally important for tumor neovasculature, using kinase inhibitors targeting ... | This study demonstrates a potentially tractable clinical strategy in a stringent preclinical model, wherein standard-of-care chemotherapy is followed by a novel maintenance regimen: PDFGR is targeted to disrupt pericyte support, while metronomic chemotherapy and/or VEGFR inhibitors target consequently sensitized endoth... | yes |
15,566,818 | Does continuous detection of CMV DNA in plasma of patients with advanced HIV infection imply the poorest prognosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The contribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) to progressive HIV infection is still controversial.",
"The occurrence of CMV DNA in the plasma of patients with advanced HIV infection was studied in relation to the development of clinical disease.",
"Plasma samples were collected every 2 weeks ... | The presence of CMV DNA in plasma was frequent in 11 patients with advanced HIV infection. The continued presence of CMV DNA in plasma of the patients with low CD4+ cell counts was related to the development of clinical CMV disease and carried the poorest prognosis. | yes |
15,574,181 | Are sinus rhythm electrogram shape measurements predictive of the origins and characteristics of multiple reentrant ventricular tachycardia morphologies? | {
"contexts": [
"During clinical electrophysiologic study, multiple clinical tachycardia morphologies often can be induced in the infarct border zone, and all morphologies must be targeted for ablation therapy to be successful. Analysis of sinus rhythm electrogram shape for localizing figure-of-eight reentrant ci... | Sinus rhythm electrogram analyses are useful for (1) localizing multiple reentrant circuits with differences in morphology that are inducible by premature stimulation in the infarct border zone, and (2) locating and orienting the position of a linear lesion for preventing recurrence of all morphologies with minimal dam... | yes |
15,561,744 | Do pirfenidone and candesartan ameliorate morphological damage in mild chronic anti-GBM nephritis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The antifibrotic substance pirfenidone and the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil, given alone and in combination, were tested in rats with chronic anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN).",
"Male Wistar rats with anti-GBM GN were treate... | Pirfenidone has a beneficial effect on morphological changes in anti-GBM GN comparable with candesartan although with a trend to slightly better results with candesartan treatment. Moreover, our results suggest an additive effect of combination treatment. | yes |
15,555,436 | Do [ Construction and identification of anti-chymopapain scFv phage display library ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To construct phage display library of anti-chymopapain scFv.",
"V(H) and V(L) gene repertoires were amplified from splenocyte mRNA by RT-PCR and joined by a (Gly(4)ser)3 linker to obtain scFv genes. The scFv genes were then cloned into phagemid pFAB5C to construct phage display library. Affin... | Phage display library of anti-chymopapain scFv was successfully constructed, and scFv with binding ability to chymopapain was obtained. | yes |
15,566,519 | Does hypoxia potentiate transforming growth factor-beta expression of hepatocyte during the cirrhotic condition in rat liver? | {
"contexts": [
"Many studies have reported that hypoxia might be associated with angiogenesis and fibrogenesis, and the level of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was increased in fibrotic liver and maximal at cirrhosis. Therefore, we examined the expression of TGF-beta1, phosphorylated-Smad2/3 (p-Sma... | We put forward the hypothesis that TGF-beta1 is mainly produced by MFBs and macrophages at early and middle stages of fibrotic processes, but it is predominantly released by hypoxic hepatocytes in the last fibrotic stage or cirrhosis. | yes |
15,574,619 | Do hypotensive extremely low birth weight infants have reduced cerebral blood flow? | {
"contexts": [
"Whether extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are at risk of cerebral hypoperfusion is uncertain because key issues concerning their cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are unresolved: (1) whether CBF is pressure-passive or autoregulated; (2) the normal level of MAP; an... | In ELBW infants (1) cerebral autoregulation is functional in normotensive but not hypotensive infants; (2) a breakpoint exists at approximately 30 mm Hg in the CBF-MAP autoregulation curve; and (3) dopamine improves both MAP and CBF. | yes |
15,574,610 | Does prevalence and correlate of high-quality basic pediatric preventive care? | {
"contexts": [
"The list of recommended pediatric preventive services has grown considerably in the past decade, and clinician variability, clinician distribution, and other correlates of provision of these basic preventive services (BPS) are not known.",
"To describe the proportion of high-quality basic ped... | Two thirds of children receive good or excellent basic preventive care, as determined with this composite, and no disparities according to race/ethnicity, income, or health insurance status of families (which are often found to be associated with health care access) were found. This equitable distribution of high-quali... | yes |
15,558,707 | Is immune reconstitution after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia most severely affected in the high risk group? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim was to examine the immune reconstitution after current chemotherapy for childhood ALL, with a special focus on finding immunologic variables that predict a poor immune response to vaccinations.",
"In a cross-sectional study of 31 children after treatment with the NOPHO ALL-1992 protoc... | This study shows that immune reconstitution after childhood ALL is slower than previously reported and emphasizes the influence of treatment intensity. The most intensively treated patients still have persistent abnormalities in T-, B-, and NK-cell subsets at 6 months post therapy and show a poor response to immunizati... | yes |
15,580,013 | Does secondary ultrasound examination increase the sensitivity of the FAST exam in blunt trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"Approximately one third of stable patients with significant intra-abdominal injury do not have significant intraperitoneal blood evident on admission. We hypothesized that a delayed, repeat ultrasound study (Secondary Ultrasound--SUS) will reveal additional intra-abdominal injuries and hemoperito... | A secondary ultrasound of the abdomen significantly increases the sensitivity of ultrasound to detect intra-abdominal injury. | yes |
15,580,016 | Does systemic neutrophil priming by lipid mediators in post-shock mesenteric lymph exist across species? | {
"contexts": [
"Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) has been linked with neutrophil (PMN) priming, endothelial cell (EC) activation, and acute lung injury (ALI) in rodent models. We have previously identified the lipid fraction of PHSML as containing the causative agent(s). Due to the lesson learned ... | Mesenteric lymphatics serve as the conduit for inflammatory mediators elaborated by the post-ischemic gut in both small and large animal models. Further, the causal agent(s) exist in the lipid fraction of the lymph and are active on both human and animal PMNs. | yes |
15,580,018 | Does the rate of induction of hypothermic arrest determine the outcome in a Swine model of lethal hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Lethal injuries can be surgically repaired under asanguineous hypothermic condition (suspended animation) with excellent outcome. However, the optimal rate for the induction of hypothermic metabolic arrest following uncontrolled lethal hemorrhage (ULH) is unknown.",
"ULH was induced in 32 fem... | Hypothermic metabolic arrest can be used to maintain viability of key organs during repair of lethal injuries. Survival is influenced by the rate of cooling with the best outcome following rapid induction of hypothermia. | yes |
15,580,019 | Does interleukin-6 infusion blunt proinflammatory cytokine production without causing systematic toxicity in a swine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum elevations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlate with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality in critically injured trauma patients. Data from rodent models of controlled hemorrhage suggest that recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) infusion protects tissue at risk for ischemia-reperfusion injury.... | Exogenous rIL-6 blunts lung mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokine G-CSF. The administration of rIL-6 does not increase the local expression of IL-6 nor TNFalpha mRNA in the lung. Additionally, rIL-6 infusion does not appear to cause systemic toxicity. | yes |
15,579,377 | Does cXCL8 modulate human intestinal epithelial cells through a CXCR1 dependent pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"CXCL8 (previously known as Interleukin-8), a member of the alpha-chemokine family of chemotactic cytokines, stimulates intestinal neutrophil activation and chemotaxis. As intestinal epithelial cells have been recently shown to produce CXCL8, the aim of this study was to identify functional activi... | CXCL8 exerts functional effects on intestinal epithelial cells that may be relevant for intestinal inflammation and mucosal healing. | yes |
15,561,568 | Are gadolinium contrast media more nephrotoxic than a low osmolar iodine medium employing doses with equal X-ray attenuation in renal arteriography : an experimental study in pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate in a unilaterally nephrectomized porcine model whether gadolinium contrast media (Gd-CM) are less nephrotoxic than iodine media (I-CM) in x-ray arteriography of a kidney made temporarily ischemic by arterial balloon occlusion.",
"In a noncrossover design, 3 mL of each test solu... | In pigs, 0.5 M Gd-CM were more nephrotoxic than both equal-attenuating (70 mg I/mL) and equimolar (190 mg I/mL) concentrations of the I-CM iohexol. These results do not support the "off-label" use of Gd-CM for renal x-ray arteriography in man instead of commercially available concentrations of iodine contrast media at ... | yes |
15,564,762 | Are the medial horn and capsulopalpebral fascia in the medial canthus significant antagonists of the orbicularis oculi muscle for lacrimal drainage? | {
"contexts": [
"The anatomical relationship indicates that the medial horn of the levator aponeurosis (MH) and the capsulopalpebral fascia (CPF) are the potential candidates for antagonists of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM). This study sought to disclose the relationships among the MH, CPF and OOM, and to di... | As the movement of a muscle can be determined by its origin and insertion, the MH and the CPF are considered to be the antagonists of the OOM, and as such must be taken into consideration for an understanding of the lacrimal drainage system. | yes |
15,564,766 | Do indigestible components of grape seeds modify cecal enzyme activity in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of grape seed indigestible fraction (GSIF) on cecal enzyme activity was studied.",
"Beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, azoreductase, nitroreductase and nitrate reductase were measured in the cecal content of adult Wistar rats fed with a fiber-free diet supplemented with 5% cellu... | Adaptation to a diet containing GSIF led to changes in microbial activity that involved a decrease in reductive and hydrolytic enzymatic activities implicated in the conversion of procarcinogens into carcinogens. | yes |
15,571,627 | Does gene expression profiling reveal novel TGFbeta targets in adult lung fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a crucial role in the accumulation of extracellular matrix components in lung fibrosis, where lung fibroblasts are considered to play a major role. Even though the effects of TGFbeta on the gene expression of several pro... | This study identifies several novel TGFbeta targets in lung fibroblasts, and confirms with independent methods the induction of angiotensin II receptor type 1, underlining a potential role for angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonism in the treatment of lung fibrosis. | yes |
15,577,846 | Is ara h 8 , a Bet v 1-homologous allergen from peanut , a major allergen in patients with combined birch pollen and peanut allergy? | {
"contexts": [
"We recently described patients with soybean allergy mainly mediated by cross-reactivity to birch pollen allergens. A majority of those patients were reported to have peanut allergy.",
"We sought to study the occurrence of peanut allergy in patients allergic to birch pollen and characterized t... | Peanut allergy might be mediated in a subgroup of our patients by means of cross-reaction of Bet v 1 with the homologous peanut allergen Ara h 8. | yes |
15,577,845 | Does prostaglandin E ( 2 ) suppress CCL27 production through EP2 and EP3 receptors in human keratinocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The chemokine CCL27 attracts skin-homing T cells. CCL27 production by keratinocytes is enhanced in skin lesions from patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis vulgaris. It is suggested that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) regulates skin inflammation.",
"We examined the in vitro effects of PGE(... | PGE(2) might suppress CCL27 production by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity through EP2-mediated cAMP and EP3-mediated Ca(2+) signals. PGE 2 might terminate T cell-mediated skin inflammation by inhibiting CCL27 production. | yes |
15,577,848 | Do glucocorticoids upregulate FOXP3 expression and regulatory T cells in asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"T regulatory (T reg ) cells are characterized by expression of suppressive cytokines and the transcription factor FOXP3. They play a key role in balancing immune responses and maintain peripheral tolerance against antigens and allergens. The loss of peripheral tolerance against allergens causes d... | These findings demonstrate that glucocorticoid treatment is not only immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory but also promotes or initiates differentiation toward T R 1 cells by a FOXP3-dependent mechanism. Strategies that convert transient glucocorticoid-induced T reg activity into a stable phenotype might improve all... | yes |
15,569,306 | Does d1 dopamine receptor signaling involve caveolin-2 in HEK-293 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dopamine receptors in the kidney, especially those belonging to the D1-like receptor family, are important in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure. Because of increasing evidence that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are associated with caveolae and lipid rafts, we tested the hy... | The majority of hD1Rs are distributed in lipid rafts. Heterologously and endogenously expressed D1Rs in renal cells are associated with and regulated by caveolin-2. | yes |
15,582,497 | Do estrogen receptor-alpha agonists promote angiogenesis in human myometrial microvascular endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The relative role of the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, in mediating angiogenic responses in adult human endothelium is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether novel ERalpha-selective agonists, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and the tetrahydrochrysene (R,R-THC), up-regul... | This angiogenic effect of 17beta-estradiol on adult female microvascular endothelial cells is mediated by ERalpha, rather than ERbeta. | yes |
15,574,556 | Does central dexmedetomidine attenuate cardiac dysfunction in a rodent model of intracranial hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if central sympathetic blockade by dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha(2) adrenergic receptor agonist, prevents cardiac dysfunction associated with intracranial hypertension (ICH) in a rat model.",
"Following intracisternal administration of dexmedetomidine (1 microg.microL(-1), 1... | The results demonstrate that dexmedetomidine attenuates cardiac dysfunction associated with ICH. Our results provide evidence for the role of central sympathetic hyperactivity in the development of cardiac dysfunction associated with ICH. | yes |
15,574,557 | Are dNR directives established early in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Setting treatment goals in the intensive care unit (ICU) often involves resuscitation decisions. Our objective was to study the rate of establishing do-not-resuscitate (DNR) directives, determinants, and outcomes of those directives for mechanically ventilated patients.",
"In a multicentre ob... | One third of mechanically ventilated patients had DNR directives established early during their ICU stay after the first 24 hr of admission. The strongest predictors of DNR directives were physician prediction of low probability of survival, physician perception of patient preference to limit life support, organ dysfun... | yes |
15,574,550 | Does the Microcuff tube allow a longer time interval until unsafe cuff pressures are reached in children? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare cuff pressures during nitrous oxide exposure in the new Microcuff pediatric tracheal tube (MPT) with ultrathin high volume - low pressure polyurethane cuff to a tube with a standard polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cuff.",
"With approval of the local Ethics Committee, 30 pediatric patients... | When baseline inflation pressure was set at 20 cm H(2)O, cuff pressure increased similarly in MPT and PVC tubes. When inflated just to sealing pressure, the MPT allowed a longer time interval until the upper limit of 25 cm H(2)O was reached. | yes |
15,574,553 | Does isoflurane preserve central nervous system blood flow during intraoperative cardiac tamponade in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study tested the hypothesis that the anesthetic technique will influence the changes in regional blood flow (RBF) during intraoperative cardiac tamponade.",
"Twenty-four dogs were divided into three equal groups: Group I, anesthesia was maintained with ketamine (25 mg.kg(-1).hr(-1... | In dogs, intraoperative cardiac tamponade caused comparable changes in RBF under the different anesthetic techniques except that autoregulation was effective in maintaining RBF within the central nervous system only under isoflurane anesthesia. Our findings provide no compelling reason to recommend one anesthetic over ... | yes |
15,554,457 | Are insulin resistance , body mass index , waist circumference independent risk factor for high blood pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance as determined by a homeostasis model (HOMA-IR), and body fat distribution.",
"Anthropometric indices of adiposity, metabolic variables (fasting serum insulin and a homeostasis... | Our results showed that insulin resistance, body mass index and waist circumference are independent risk factors of a high BP in Koreans. | yes |
15,568,288 | Is immune function impaired with a mini nutritional assessment score indicative of malnutrition in nursing home elders with pressure ulcers? | {
"contexts": [
"Malnutrition is prevalent in elders with pressure ulcers and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study compared nutritional status, assessed by the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA), to immune function in nursing home elders with pressure ulcers.",
"Nutritional status was... | Immune function is impaired with an MNA score indicative of malnutrition in nursing home elders with pressure ulcers. | yes |
15,568,287 | Do serum levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein correlate with body mass index across the broad range of obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been noted that elevated inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), soluble TNF receptor II (sTNF-RII), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), are characteristically found in the serum in obese patients. In this study, we examined the correlation of these ... | The present results support evidence that obesity represents an inflammatory state. In morbid obesity, the correlation of only IL-6 and CRP with BMI, particularly in males, suggests that IL-6 may be secreted in an endocrine manner in proportion to the expansion of fat mass particularly in the abdominal region, with a c... | yes |
15,566,646 | Do [ CHL prevent colon neoplasms in mice and its selective inhibition on COX-2 ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Chlorophyllin (CHL) was proved to have strong anti-inducement effect toward many mutagens and epicarcinogens. This study was to explore effect of CHL in preventing colon neoplasms in mice induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and the selective inhibition on cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2).",
"The color... | CHL could prevent colon neoplasms in mice induced by DMH and the preventive effect related to selective inhibition on COX-2, furthermore, the inhibition of CHL on COX-2 was realized by inhibiting NF-kappaB protein. | yes |
15,564,217 | Is `` Asia now the priority target for the world anti-tobacco movement '' : attempts by the tobacco industry to undermine the Asian anti-smoking movement? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify and examine the strategies utilised by multinational tobacco companies to undermine and discredit key anti-tobacco activists and organisations in the Asian region.",
"A series of case studies drawing upon material gathered through systematic reviews of internal tobacco industry do... | Attack by multinational tobacco companies is a virtual quid pro quo for any individual or agency seriously challenging industry practices and policies. Understanding their tactics allows anticipatory strategies to be developed to minimise the effectiveness of these attacks. | yes |
15,555,610 | Do leptin-resistant obese mice form biliary crystals on a high cholesterol diet? | {
"contexts": [
"Human obesity is associated with leptin resistance and cholesterol gallstone formation. Previously, we demonstrated that leptin-resistant (Lep(db)) obese mice fed a low cholesterol diet have enlarged gallbladders, but a decreased cholesterol saturation index, despite elevated serum cholesterol. O... | These data suggest that Lep(db) obese mice fed a high cholesterol diet have increased gallbladder volume and decreased biliary cholesterol saturation and crystal formation despite elevated serum cholesterol compared with lean control mice. We conclude that the link among obesity, diet, and gallstone formation may not r... | no |
15,555,619 | Does acute pancreatitis induce FasL gene expression and apoptosis in the liver? | {
"contexts": [
"Liver injury is an important prognostic indicator in acute pancreatitis. We previously demonstrated that Kupffer cell-derived cytokines mediate liver injury. In this work, we sought to characterize the role of Fas Ligand (FasL) in liver injury during acute pancreatitis.",
"Acute pancreatitis ... | Acute pancreatitis induces liver injury and hepatocyte death while up-regulating FasL, p38-MAPK, and caspase-3. Fas is up-regulated within Kupffer cells, suggesting that FasL may autoregulate its production by inducing its originator-cell death. The ability to manipulate interactions between Kupffer cells and hepatocyt... | yes |
15,572,888 | Is meat consumption positively associated with psychomotor outcome in children up to 24 months of age? | {
"contexts": [
"The impact of specific complementary foods on health outcomes has been poorly studied. We aimed to determine if meat consumption and breastfeeding influence growth and neurocognitive outcome in infants up to 24 months of age.",
"In a longitudinal cohort study, 144 full-term infants were recru... | Meat intake, possibly via its effect on protein intake, is associated with increased weight gain in infants up to 12 months of age. Meat intake is also positively associated with psychomotor development at 22 months. These findings highlight the need for further investigation of the role of complementary foods in relat... | yes |
15,554,998 | Are the Amerindian 's genes in the Mexican population associated with development of gallstone disease? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been suggested that genes related to Amerindian ancestry account for the high prevalence of gallstone disease (GD) observed in Mexican-Americans. The HLA-B39 is an allele found in higher frequency in Amerindians whereas HLA-B15 is rarely found. The aim of this study was to test the hypothe... | The most prevalent HLA alleles detected in these GD cases are characteristic of Amerindian populations, supporting the role of genetics in the high prevalence of the development of GD in Mexican mestizos. | yes |
15,576,385 | Is maternal recreational physical activity associated with plasma leptin concentrations in early pregnancy? | {
"contexts": [
"A limited amount of literature suggests that plasma leptin concentrations are reduced with habitual physical activity in men and non-pregnant women. We investigated the relationship between maternal physical activity and plasma leptin during early pregnancy.",
"The study population included 8... | Our findings are consistent with other reports suggesting an independent inverse relationship between habitual physical activity and leptin concentrations. Our findings extend the literature to include pregnant women. | yes |
15,557,428 | Do neurally selected embryonic stem cells induce tumor formation after long-term survival following engraftment into the subretinal space? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether transplantation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into the subretinal space of rhodopsin-knockout mice has a tumorigenic effect.",
"Mouse ES-cell-derived neural precursor cells carrying the sequence for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were grafted subretinally into th... | Although ES cells may provide treatment for degenerative disease in the future, their unlimited self-renewal and high differentiation potential poses the risk of tumor induction after engraftment. Thus, more care must be taken before using ES cell transplantation as a therapeutic option for patients with degenerative d... | yes |
15,564,877 | Does the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism determine contractile response to catecholamines? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently, the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor (beta1AR) gene polymorphism has been detected. The Arg variant exhibited increased responsiveness to agonist-induced stimulation in vitro. Functional studies in isolated human atrial muscle strips and in-vivo studies revealed contradictory results regard... | These data indicate that the Arg389Gly beta1AR polymorphism is functionally relevant in vivo and determines contractile responsiveness to catecholamines in humans. | yes |
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