pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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15,574,604 | Does topical 4 % amethocaine gel reduce the pain of subcutaneous measles-mumps-rubella vaccination? | {
"contexts": [
"Ametop gel (4% amethocaine) is a relatively new topical anesthetic that produces anesthesia within 30 to 45 minutes and therefore may be appropriate for use in busy outpatient settings. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 4% amethocaine in reducing the pain of sub... | 4% Amethocaine significantly reduces the pain of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in infants when compared with placebo and does not seem to interfere with subsequent development of protective antibody levels. Because of its relatively short application time (30 minutes), 4% amethocaine may be suitable for busy clinic... | yes |
15,580,027 | Does nitrosoglutathione promote flap survival via suppression of reperfusion injury-induced superoxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase induction? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence suggests that failure of flap reconstruction is related to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated endothelial damage. Using a rat inferior epigastric artery flap as an I/R injury model, we investigated whether administration of nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor... | Exogenous NO donation by GSNO can scavenge superoxide and suppress iNOS induction, resulting in better flap survival after prolonged ischemia. | yes |
15,580,020 | Do exogenous nitric oxide donor and related compounds protect against lung inflammatory response after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation? | {
"contexts": [
"Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock triggers an inflammatory response characterized by upregulation of cytokine and adhesion molecule expression, increased leukocyte activity, and accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in a variety of tissues. This study investigated the capability of an ... | These data suggest that limiting inducible NO synthase-generated NO availability with the exogenous NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, may reduce lung injury after severe hemorrhage, possibly, among other effects, by downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. L-arginine and L-NIL also had a beneficial effect... | yes |
15,567,548 | Does magnetic source imaging support clinical decision making in glioma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"This study addresses the potential utility of preoperative functional imaging with magnetoencephalography (MEG) for the selection of glioma patients who are likely to benefit from resective surgical treatment regarding postoperative morbidity.",
"One hundred and nineteen patients with gliomas... | Magnetic source imaging (MSI) proved to be a valuable help in the clinical decision making process of lesions adjacent to functional important brain areas. The relative high number of patients in whom MSI warns of the postoperative crippling sequelae may lead to a better selection of patients who benefit from resective... | yes |
15,571,826 | Is the apolipoprotein E polymorphism associated with circulating C-reactive protein ( the Ludwigshafen risk and cardiovascular health study )? | {
"contexts": [
"Statins and cholesterol absorption inhibitors lower the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). The genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein (apo) E is a strong endogenous determinant of sterol homeostasis. We therefore examined the relationship of CRP to the apoE polymorphism.",
"We studied... | : The concentration of CRP, but not fibrinogen nor white blood cells is associated with the apoE polymorphism. The activity of the mevalonate pathway in the liver may be related to the metabolism of CRP. The predictive value of CRP for CAD may be modified by the apoE polymorphism. | yes |
15,571,829 | Is myocardial bridging associated with alteration in coronary vasoreactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"Shear stress alteration has been recognized as a predisposing factor for the impairment of endothelial function. Myocardial bridging is a congenital condition associated with alteration in shear stress, however, its impact upon vasoreactivity remains undetermined.",
"This was a case-control d... | MB is characterised by enhanced WSR and impairment in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. These functional alterations may add to the severity of structural lumen compression and thus to the clinical presentation of this congenital abnormality. | yes |
15,572,393 | Does intravenous immunoglobulin increase FcgammaRIIB expression on monocytes/macrophages during acute Kawasaki disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy has been reported to be effective for reducing the incidence of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute febrile vasculitis of unknown aetiology. Regarding the mechanism of IVIG in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), it has been repor... | IVIG therapy in patients with KD did not increase the expression of FcgammaRIIB in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes/macrophages during the acute stage. | no |
15,582,136 | Is rapid increase of bile salt secretion associated with bile duct injury after human liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Biliary strictures are a serious cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. We have studied the role of altered bile composition as a mechanism of bile duct injury after human liver transplantation.",
"In 28 liver transplant recipients, bile samples were collected daily posttransplantati... | Bile salt secretion after human liver transplantation recovers more rapidly than phospholipid secretion. This results in cytotoxic bile formation and correlates with bile duct injury. These findings suggest that endogenous bile salts have a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after liver transplantation. | yes |
15,558,233 | Does the p75 neurotrophin receptor appear in plasma in diabetic rats-characterisation of a potential early test for neuropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"This study tested the premise that immunoreactivity representing the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) appears in plasma of diabetic rats in association with the early stages of neuronal dysfunction or damage. We also examined whether treatment beneficial to neuropathy might reduce the p75(NTR... | These observations suggest that plasma p75(NTR) immunoreactivity may serve as an early indicator of neuronal dysfunction or damage in diabetes. The time course of its appearance relates well to that of early neuropathy and its response to interventions that are neuroprotective suggests that it might mirror neurological... | yes |
15,558,231 | Is smoking associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes but a decreased risk of autoimmune diabetes in adults : an 11-year follow-up of incidence of diabetes in the Nord-Trøndelag study? | {
"contexts": [
"We compared the association between smoking habits and later occurrence of type 2 diabetes on the one hand and between smoking and diabetes with autoimmunity on the other hand.",
"We used data from a prospective study of 11-year cumulative incidence of diabetes in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Su... | The results indicate that nicotine influences autoimmune processes in human diabetes. | yes |
15,553,931 | Are blood platelet count and reactivity associated with restenosis 6 months after coronary angioplasty? | {
"contexts": [
"Restenosis occurs in 40-50% of patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Some data indicate that platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) plays a pathogenetic role. The aims of the present study were to measure the plasma levels of PDGF across the coronary circulat... | Increases in plasma PDGF and BTG in the aortic root after PTCA seem to be markers for restenosis 6 months after PTCA. This finding may strengthen the hypothesis that platelets contribute to the process of restenosis. | yes |
15,570,650 | Does undersulfated chondroitin sulfate increase in osteoarthritic cartilage? | {
"contexts": [
"To test whether there is undersulfation of chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritic bovine articular cartilage to support the hypothesis that sulfate deficiency is involved with the development of osteoarthritis.",
"Cartilage samples from bovine patellae (n = 32) were divided into 3 groups based... | The structure of chondroitin sulfate in degenerated bovine cartilage did not support the hypothesis that sulfate depletion is present in osteoarthritic joint. | no |
15,561,003 | Does endobronchial gene transfer of soluble type I interleukin-1 receptor ameliorate lung graft ischemia-reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Soluble type I interleukin-1 receptor is a competitive inhibitor of interleukin-1 and may reduce its proinflammatory actions. The objective of this experiment was to demonstrate that endobronchial gene transfer of soluble type I interleukin-1 receptor IgG to donor lung grafts reduces posttranspla... | Endobronchial gene transfer of soluble type I interleukin-1 receptor IgG to donor lung grafts subjected to prolonged cold ischemia ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury by improving graft oxygenation and reducing lung edema and neutrophil sequestration. | yes |
15,578,806 | Is prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in Croatian children increasing : survey study? | {
"contexts": [
"To estimate the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among school children in the region of Primorsko-goranska County in Croatia, and compare the results with data from other countries.",
"The study was conducted during the 2001-2002 school year, in complete adherenc... | Results suggest an increase in the prevalence of atopic disease symptoms in north-west part of Croatia over the last few decades when compared to prior studies. The results are suitable for international comparison, suggesting that this part of Croatia is a county with a moderate prevalence of atopic diseases in the pe... | yes |
15,564,755 | Do improvement of visual acuity in eyes with diabetic macular edema after treatment with pars plana vitrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of severe visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This is so despite the fact that argon laser photocoagulation of the macula (M-ALC) has been shown to be beneficial. Recently, it has been suggested that pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) can ... | PPV almost always results in a reduction and often complete disappearance of DME as evidenced by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein-angiography. Most importantly, central visual acuity often increases, sometimes to a very large extent with dramatic improvement in quality of life of the patients. | yes |
15,571,635 | Does mineral water intake reduce blood pressure among subjects with low urinary magnesium and calcium levels? | {
"contexts": [
"Several previous epidemiological studies have shown a relation between drinking water quality and death in cardiovascular disease whereas others have not found such a relationship. An intervention study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of water with added magnesium and natural mineral water ... | The results suggest that minerals taken in water are significant for the body burden and that an intake of mineral water among persons with a low urinary excretion of magnesium or calcium may decrease the blood pressure. Further studies should investigate the extent of mineral deficiency in different populations and th... | yes |
15,571,631 | Does host resistance explain variation in incidence of male-killing bacteria in Drosophila bifasciata? | {
"contexts": [
"Selfish genetic elements that distort the sex ratio are found widely. Notwithstanding the number of records of sex ratio distorters, their incidence is poorly understood. Two factors can prevent a sex ratio distorter from invading: inability of the sex ratio distorter to function (failure of mech... | The absence of the infection from the Hokkaido population is not caused by failure of the male-killer to function on the Hokkaido genetic background. | no |
15,570,632 | Is a distinct multicytokine profile associated with anti-cyclical citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients with early untreated inflammatory arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Early inflammatory arthritis is clinically heterogenous and biologically-based indicators are needed to distinguish severe from self-limited disease. Anti-cyclical citrullinated peptides (CCP) have been identified as potential prognostic markers in early arthritis cohorts. Since cytokine networks... | Early untreated inflammatory arthritis can be categorized into distinct subgroups based on cytokine profiles. These subgroups are associated with CCP and RF autoantibodies. Integration of cytokine profiles with autoantibody status may assist prognostication and treatment decisions in these patients. | yes |
15,581,195 | Is low socio-economic status a risk factor for respiratory symptoms : a comparison between Finland , Sweden and Estonia? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the relation of socio-economic status to respiratory symptoms common in asthma and chronic bronchitis, and to compare risk factors for these symptoms between three neighbouring countries.",
"A postal survey was performed in 1996 as a part of comparative studies in Finland, Sweden an... | Belonging to the socio-economic group of manual workers correlated with an increased risk for chronic respiratory symptoms, independently of smoking habits, in each country. Women manual workers in industry suffered most from respiratory symptoms. | yes |
15,577,853 | Does increased noncanonical splicing of autoantigen transcripts provide the structural basis for expression of untolerized epitopes? | {
"contexts": [
"Alternative splicing is important for increasing the complexity of the human proteome from a limited genome. Previous studies have shown that for some autoantigens, there is differential immunogenicity among alternatively spliced isoforms.",
"Herein, we tested the hypothesis that alternative ... | These studies suggest that noncanonical alternative splicing may be an important mechanism for the generation of untolerized epitopes that may lead to autoimmunity. Furthermore, the product of a transcript that does not undergo alternative splicing is unlikely to be a target antigen in autoimmunity. | yes |
15,582,495 | Does chronic hypoxia inhibit contraction of fetal arteries by increased endothelium-derived nitric oxide and prostaglandin synthesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic hypoxia causes redistribution of fetal cardiac output by mechanisms poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia alters vascular reactivity of arteries from near-term fetal guinea pigs.",
"Pregnant guinea pigs (50 days, term = 65 days) were exposed to either normox... | Chronic hypoxia alters vascular reactivity of fetal carotid arteries by increasing the contribution of both vasodilator prostaglandins and nitric oxide and suggests that changes in local vascular mechanisms may be altered by chronic hypoxia. | yes |
15,582,499 | Is low-activity haplotype of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene protective against placental abruption? | {
"contexts": [
"We wanted to determine whether genetic variability in the gene encoding microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX) contributes to individual differences in susceptibility to the occurrence of placental abruption.",
"The study involved 117 women with placental abruption and 115 healthy control pregna... | The use of two intragenic SNPs jointly in haplotype analysis of association demonstrated that the genetically determined low-activity haplotype C-A (His113-His139) was significantly less frequent in women with placental abruption. | yes |
15,569,302 | Does comparison between siblings and twins support a role for modifier genes in ADPKD? | {
"contexts": [
"Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by intrafamilial variability in renal disease progression, which could result from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Although a role for modifier genes has been evidenced in mouse models, direct evidence in AD... | These data substantiate the existence of a large intrafamilial variability in renal disease progression in ADPKD siblings. The fact that the variability in siblings is in a significant excess of that found in MZ twins strongly suggests that modifier genes account for a significant part of this variability. | yes |
15,569,978 | Is p16INK4A hypermethylation associated with hepatitis virus infection , age , and gender in hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The tumor suppressor gene p16INK4A is mainly inactivated by an epigenetic change involving promoter hypermethylation in hepatocarcinogenesis. The possible clinical impact of p16INK4A methylation and the potential risk factors for this epigenetic alteration have not been thoroughly investigated.",... | Our observations suggest that p16INK4A hypermethylation may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis from an early stage and that multiple risk factors, such as viral infections, age, and gender, may be associated with p16INK4A hypermethylation in hepatocarcinogenesis. | yes |
15,569,977 | Does epigenetic inactivation of ID4 in colorectal carcinomas correlate with poor differentiation and unfavorable prognosis? | {
"contexts": [
"ID4 gene is a member of the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family proteins that inhibit DNA binding of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The epigenetic inactivation of ID4 gene on colorectal cancer (CRC) development and its clinical significance was assessed.",
"In CRC cell lines, ... | ID4 gene is a potential tumor suppressor gene for which methylation status may play an important role in the CRC progression. | yes |
15,570,075 | Is allele 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene associated with early gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"In advanced gastric cancer (tumor stages T2-T4), associations with polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster have been made. In early-stage gastric cancer, which we defined as adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa or submucosa (stage T1), the role of host genetic susceptibility remai... | The genotype IL-1RN*2/2 seems to be associated with early-stage gastric cancer. As opposed to advanced-stage gastric cancer, further proinflammatory cytokine polymorphisms were not associated independently, but might act in combination and mirror early steps of gastric carcinogenesis in hosts colonized by Helicobacter ... | yes |
15,568,293 | Are standard equations accurate in assessing resting energy expenditure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the utility of standard equations for calculating caloric requirements in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).",
"Malnutrition substantially increases the risk of death in ALS. Weight loss can be stabilized and survival prolonged with early gastrostomy feeding. However... | We found that standard equations used to calculate energy expenditure were not valid for patients with ALS. Moreover, the majority of our patients were either overfed or underfed. As underfeeding can cause diaphragm impairment, and overfeeding can increase ventilatory load, indirect calorimetry should be considered in ... | no |
15,568,291 | Does urinary oxalate excretion increase in home parenteral nutrition patients on a higher intravenous ascorbic acid dose? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin C can be metabolized to oxalate. Case reports have suggested an association between IV vitamin C and urinary oxalate excretion. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration required the dose of vitamin C in IV multivitamin preparations to be increased from 100 mg to 200 mg/d. We compared... | In therapeutically used doses, IV vitamin C increases urinary oxalate excretion, potentially predisposing susceptible individuals to nephrolithiasis. This factor should be considered in patients receiving home TPN. | yes |
15,577,538 | Does cellular HIV-1 DNA load predict HIV-RNA rebound and the outcome of highly active antiretroviral therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether cellular HIV-1 DNA prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation predicts its outcome.",
"Patients included all 51 hemophiliacs of the Greek component of the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study who had initiated HAART and for whom cryopreserved lymphocyte ... | Low cellular HIV-1 DNA load is a marker of sustained virological response in patients with initial VR and it can reliably predict the long-term success of HAART. | yes |
15,563,960 | Is serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein associated with carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is more sensitive than standard C-reactive protein (CRP) assay in evaluating the risk of coronary heart disease and other atherosclerotic events. By this time, there are several reports that type 2 diabetic subjects have higher serum levels of hsCRP tha... | Our result shows that serum hsCRP level is correlated with carotid IMT and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and may be useful to predict accelerated atherosclerotic process in type 2 diabetic subjects. | yes |
15,555,628 | Does lipopolysaccharide suppress albumin expression by activating NF-kappaB in rat hepatocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The severity of hypoalbuminemia has been shown to be related to morbidity and mortality in critical illness, illustrating the need for better understanding of the molecular mechanism of hypoalbuminemia. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) is a key mediator which induces hypoalbuminemia in sepsis and septic s... | The results suggest that LPS inhibits albumin expression by activating NF-kappaB signaling. NF-kappaB is a critical signaling pathway in LPS-induced hypoalbuminemia which it is worthwhile to understand in studying the molecular mechanism of hypoalbuminemia in sepsis and septic shock. | yes |
15,580,205 | Is recurrence of febrile seizures in the respiratory season associated with influenza A? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association of viral infections and febrile seizures (FS).",
"From April 1998 to April 2002, a prospective, population-based study was carried out among general practitioners to assess the incidence of FS in their practices. Data thus obtained were compared with the inciden... | Our study suggests a relation between recurrent FS and influenza A. Influenza vaccination should be considered in all children with a history of FS. | yes |
15,580,202 | Do social-psychological correlates of peer victimization in children with endocrine disorders? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relation between victimization by peers and child and parent reports of social-psychological adjustment.",
"The Social Experience Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised, and Asher Loneliness Scale were administered to 93 childr... | Recognition of the magnitude of the problem and means of evaluating for peer victimization is important for clinicians who see children with chronic diseases. | yes |
15,564,356 | Do trait anger and the metabolic syndrome predict progression of carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged women? | {
"contexts": [
"Hostility may predict coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, as well as the metabolic syndrome. We tested to see if high levels of the attitudinal and emotional aspects of hostility lead to progression of carotid atherosclerosis in women and if the metabolic syndrome is a mediator of the... | Anger predicts progression of carotid atherosclerosis, and the metabolic syndrome may mediate this association. Women who experience angry feelings frequently may benefit from interventions aimed at reducing anger and reducing the metabolic syndrome components early in the natural history of atherosclerosis. | yes |
15,564,359 | Are microarousals during sleep associated with increased levels of lipids , cortisol , and blood pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous work has demonstrated a link between restricted sleep and risk indicators for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, such as levels of cortisol, lipids, and glucose. The present study sought to identify relations between polysomnographic measures of disturbed sleep (frequency of arousals ... | Consistent with sleep restriction experiments, sleep fragmentation was associated with elevated levels of metabolic and cardiovascular risk indicators of stress-related disorders. Number of arousals also seems to be related to workload/stress. | yes |
15,557,430 | Does a novel mutation in the ELOVL4 gene cause autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"To conduct clinical and genetic studies in a European family with autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (adSTGD-like MD) and to investigate the functional consequences of a novel ELOVL4 mutation.",
"Ophthalmic examination and mutation screening by direct sequencing of the ELOVL4... | In a European family with adSTGD-like MD, a novel ELOVL4 mutation was found to underlie the disorder. Transfection studies indicated that, unlike wild-type ELOVL4, the mutant protein does not localize to the ER but rather appears to be sequestered elsewhere in an aggregated pattern in the cytoplasm. Further analysis of... | yes |
15,555,626 | Does oral arginine reduce gut mucosal injury caused by lipopolysaccharide endotoxemia in rat? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxemia and enteral arginine (ARG) supplementation on intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation, and apoptosis in rat.",
"Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, were divided into three... | LPS endotoxemia impairs the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa in rat. Decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis may be considered the main mechanisms responsible for the decreased cell mass. Enteral arginine administration decreases the mucosal injury caused by lipopolysaccharide. | yes |
15,571,880 | Is support from a prenatal instructor during childbirth associated with reduced rates of caesarean section in a Mexican study? | {
"contexts": [
"to assess the association between non-clinical factors and the incidence of caesarean section (CS); to estimate the effect of a prenatal instructor's presence during childbirth on birth outcome (vaginal or CS).",
"cross-sectional study from a register of women who attended prenatal classes. M... | non-clinical factors considerably affect the type of birth outcome (vaginal vs. CS). A system in which a prenatal instructor provided support to the woman during childbirth could contribute significantly to reducing initial and repeat CS. | yes |
15,564,843 | Do cochlear implant surgery at 12 months of age or younger? | {
"contexts": [
"Early presentation of congenitally deaf children for cochlear implantation is leading to surgery in younger candidates. The safety of cochlear implantation in children aged 12 months and younger is reviewed with radiologic assessment of mastoid bone anatomy and surgical outcome data.",
"Analy... | In our experience, cochlear implant surgery is safe in children aged 7 to 12 months with appropriate anesthetic and postoperative support. The small incision technique is particularly suited to this age group. Ligature fixation of the device is considered advisable because of the increased risk of displacement from fre... | yes |
15,579,189 | Is adiponectin independently associated with insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity and insulin resistance predisposing to diabetes mellitus type 2 and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin is a recently discovered adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing and putative antiatherosclerotic properties. The aim of the study was to... | PCOS per se is not associated with decreased levels of plasma adiponectin. However, circulating adiponectin is independently associated with the degree of insulin resistance in PCOS women and may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of insulin resistance independent from adiposity. | yes |
15,579,183 | Are decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations closely associated with nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in obese individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether subjects with nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis (HS) differed in their circulating adiponectin levels compared with those in subjects without HS and, if so, to examine to what extent such differences are mediated by the adverse pattern of the metabolic syndrome variables, typical... | These results show that decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely correlated with nonalcoholic HS in healthy obese individuals. | yes |
15,581,324 | Does a prospective cohort study to investigate risk factors for horse fall in UK hurdle and steeplechase racing? | {
"contexts": [
"Equine fatalities during racing continue to be a major welfare concern and falls at fences are responsible for a proportion of all equine fatalities recorded on racecourses.",
"To identify and quantify risk factors for horse falls in National Hunt (NH) racing and to report the frequency of fa... | Falls at fences are significant contributors to equine fatalities during NH racing. Potentially modifiable risk factors identified were the condition of track surfaces and journey time to the racecourse. | yes |
15,580,038 | Is kleihauer-betke testing important in all cases of maternal trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"In maternal trauma, the Kleihauer-Betke (KB) test has traditionally been used to detect transplacental hemorrhage (TPH), so that Rh-negative women could receive appropriate Rh immune prophylaxis. Reasoning that the magnitude of TPH would reflect uterine injury, we evaluated Kleihauer-Betke testin... | Kleihauer-Betke testing accurately predicts the risk of preterm labor after maternal trauma. Clinical assessment does not. With a negative KB test, posttrauma electronic fetal monitoring duration may be limited safely. With a positive KB test, the significant risk of PTL mandates detailed monitoring. KB testing has imp... | yes |
15,578,509 | Does radiofrequency ablation improve prognosis compared with ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma < or =4 cm? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation, conventional percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and higher-dose PEI in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 4 cm or less.",
"A total of 157 patients with 186 HCCs 4 cm or less were ra... | The results show that RF ablation yielded better clinical outcomes than conventional and higher-dose PEI in treating HCC 4 cm or less. | yes |
15,564,931 | Do incidence and significance of cardiac troponin I release in severe trauma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The incidence and significance of troponin I release and its mechanism are unknown in severe trauma patients. The characteristics of this release were prospectively studied in such patients and correlated with presence of shock, existence of myocardial contusion, and outcome.",
"During a 24-m... | Serial electrocardiogram recordings and troponin I assessments may be proposed for initial screening in high-risk trauma patients to detect anatomical cardiac injuries through the time course of circulating protein. Troponin I release does not have a prognosis value in trauma patients. | yes |
15,572,894 | Is cow 's milk allergy in infants with atopic eczema associated with aberrant production of interleukin-4 during oral cow 's milk challenge? | {
"contexts": [
"A failure in the establishment and maintenance of oral tolerance in infancy may result in food allergy. To further assess the role of the intestinal immune system in cow's milk allergy (CMA), we investigated the systemic production of the pro-allergenic Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 and anti-al... | Infants with atopic eczema and CMA exhibit markedly increased systemic pro-allergenic IL-4 responses on intestinal antigen contact, which may partially be explained by a defective ability to launch anti-allergenic TGF-beta2 responses. | yes |
15,561,264 | Does complete replacement of tracheal epithelia by the host promote spontaneous acceptance of orthotopic tracheal allografts in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Tracheal immunogenicity has been controversial. Although replacement of allotracheal epithelia by the host epithelia has been reported in rat orthotopic tracheal grafting, the immunological effect of epithelial replacement is still uncertain.",
"We performed orthotopic tracheal grafting of ni... | These results suggest that complete replacement of tracheal epithelia by the host promotes spontaneous acceptance of orthotopic tracheal allografts in rats. | yes |
15,572,313 | Are menisci efficiently transduced by recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Meniscal tears remain an unsolved problem in sports medicine. Gene transfer is a potential approach to enhancing meniscal repair. Recombinant adeno-associated virus is a method of gene transfer that has advantages over previously used approaches to this problem.",
"Direct gene transfer to men... | The data suggest that recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors can directly and efficiently transfer and stably express foreign genes in isolated lapine and human meniscal cells in vitro and in lapine meniscal defects in vivo. | yes |
15,571,832 | Does adenosine restore atrio-venous conduction after apparently successful ostial isolation of the pulmonary veins? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is a curative treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of adenosine administration on the PV activity and atrio-venous conduction after PV isolation.",
"Twenty-nine patients (21 m; age: 55+/-... | Adenosine may transiently or permanently re-establish LA-PV conduction after apparently successful PV isolation. This phenomenon is abolished by additional RFC delivery. However, its possible influence on the clinical results of PV ablation must be evaluated by properly designed, randomized studies. | yes |
15,582,129 | Does stat3 confer resistance against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative injury in hepatocytes through upregulation of Mn-SOD? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) causes oxidative stress to the cell and induces apoptotic cell death. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) is one of the most important molecules involved in the initiation of liver development and regeneration, and has recently been shown to prot... | Stat3 protects hepatocytes from H/R-induced cell injury at least partly by upregulating Mn-SOD and inactivating caspase-3. | yes |
15,577,623 | Do multiple mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase confer resistance to the clinical trial drug S-1360? | {
"contexts": [
"Study of HIV-1 resistance development to the diketo analogue S-1360, the first HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor that has entered clinical development.",
"HIV-1(IIIB) was passaged in cell culture in the presence of increasing concentrations of S-1360 (IIIB/S-1360(res)).",
"The III... | The accumulation of integrase mutations coincided with an increasing level of (cross-)resistance of IIIB/S-1360(res). Integrase-chimeric virus technology confirmed that the integrase mutations are indeed fully responsible for the resistance phenotype of IIIB/S-1360. | yes |
15,577,620 | Does interleukin-2 therapy restore CD8 cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV responses in primary infection subjects receiving HAART? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy on immunologic and virologic responses in subjects with acute or recent HIV infection already receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).",
"The effect of IL-2 therapy on immunologic and virologic responses was studied in 21 ... | In primary HIV infection administering IL-2 concomitant with HAART following 1 year of treatment with HAART gives a significant increase in CD4 cells and a previously unrecognized beneficial effect on the CD8 cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV response. | yes |
15,567,805 | Do young daughter cladodes affect CO2 uptake by mother cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica? | {
"contexts": [
"Drought damages cultivated C3, C4 and CAM plants in the semi-arid lands of central Mexico. Drought damage to Opuntia is common when mother cladodes, planted during the dry spring season, develop young daughter cladodes that behave like C3 plants, with daytime stomatal opening and water loss. In c... | Daughter cladodes significantly hasten the effects of drought on mother cladodes by competition for the water supply and thus decrease daily carbon gain by mother cladodes, mainly by inhibiting phase IV of CAM. | yes |
15,574,221 | Does delayed intracranial delivery of a nitric oxide donor from a controlled-release polymer prevent experimental cerebral vasospasm in rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"Decreased local availability of nitric oxide (NO) may mediate chronic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous reports have shown that early treatment with NO prevents vasospasm in animals. We evaluated the efficacy of controlled-release polymers that contain the NO dono... | Delayed treatment of SAH with controlled-release DETA-NO polymers prevented experimental posthemorrhagic vasospasm in the rabbit. This inhibition was dose-dependent. This further confirms the role of NO in the pathogenesis of vasospasm. | yes |
15,578,686 | Is weekly docetaxel safe and effective in the treatment of advanced-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Intravenous paclitaxel, 100 mg/m(2), given over 3 hours every 2 weeks is associated with a response rate of 59% in patients with recurrent or refractory acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS). However, this regimen is associated with significant myelosuppression, an... | Weekly docetaxel is safe, with reasonable antitumor activity in patients with advanced-stage, recurrent, or refractory AIDS-related KS. | yes |
15,561,331 | Do endothelial microparticles correlate with high-risk angiographic lesions in acute coronary syndromes? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial Microparticles (EMP) are small fragments of endothelial cell membrane shed during apoptosis or activation. Our group has previously reported elevations of EMP in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), pre-eclampsia, multiple sclerosis (... | High EMP was associated with high-risk angiographic lesions including eccentric type II, multiple irregular, and lesions with thrombi. Mild to moderate stenosis was associated with higher EMP levels than severe stenosis. EMP may be a useful marker in detecting endothelial injury and risk of ACS as defined by angiograph... | yes |
15,575,908 | Is pre-transplant inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity associated with clinical outcome after renal transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity, is usually administered as a standard dose of 1 g b.i.d. after renal transplantation. Because MMF dose reductions are associated with inferior outcome, we investigated pre-transplant IMPDH activity,... | Patients with low IMPDH activity experienced more complications of MMF therapy. High pre-transplant IMPDH activity and MMF dose reductions were associated with rejection. Determination of IMPDH activity prior to transplantation may help to improve MMF therapy after renal transplantation. | yes |
15,578,195 | Do probiotic bacteria stimulate virus-specific neutralizing antibodies following a booster polio vaccination? | {
"contexts": [
"Orally ingested probiotic bacteria may modulate the immune response and increase antibody titers against enteric infections by bacteria or viruses. Even though positive effects of probiotics on respiratory tract infections have been reported, overall only few studies have examined effects on viru... | Probiotics induce an immunologic response that may provide enhanced systemic protection of cells from virus infections by increasing production of virus neutralizing antibodies. | yes |
15,555,522 | Do le Fort I osteotomy using an ultrasonic bone curette to fracture the pterygoid plates? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the advantageous use of an ultrasonic bone curette and to assess the mobilization of the pterygoid process after a Le Fort I osteotomy.",
"14 Japanese adults (ranging in age from 17 to 30 years, mean 22.4) with jaw deformities diagnosed as mandibular ... | Ultrasonic bone curette offers a safe procedure for performing pterygoid process fractures without damaging the surrounding tissue such as the descending palatine artery. | yes |
15,581,988 | Does small cell carcinoma of the ovary with hypercalcemia cause severe pancreatitis and altered mental status? | {
"contexts": [
"Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare, highly malignant tumor that often exhibits a paraneoplastic hypercalcemia.",
"A 27-year-old female presented with pancreatitis and altered mental status with hypercalcemia. Further investigation revealed a left ovarian mass and a small cell carcino... | Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia may result in pancreatitis and delirium. Small cell carcinoma of the ovary should be considered under these circumstances. | yes |
15,566,589 | Is early postoperative hyperglycaemia a risk factor for infectious complications and prolonged in-hospital stay in patients undergoing oesophagectomy : a retrospective analysis of a prospective trial? | {
"contexts": [
"Treating hyperglycaemia in hospitalized patients has proven to be beneficial, particularly in those with obstructive vascular disease. In a cohort of patients undergoing resection for oesophageal carcinoma (a group of patients with severe surgical stress but a low prevalence of vascular disease),... | Our data indicate that postoperative hyperglycaemia is more likely to be a risk marker than a risk factor in patients undergoing highly invasive surgery for oesophageal cancer. We hypothesize that patients with a low prevalence of vascular disease may benefit less from intensive insulin therapy. | no |
15,557,306 | Does contrast-enhanced sonography help in discrimination of benign from malignant adnexal masses? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the potential efficacy of real-time contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography in the differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses in a pilot study.",
"Before surgical treatment, adnexal masses were prospectively evaluated with power Doppler sonography before and afte... | Contrast-enhanced power Doppler imaging may easily and precisely discriminate benign from malignant adnexal lesions. Larger studies are needed to determine the appropriate use and benefits of this new procedure. | yes |
15,583,950 | Does nutrition intervention improve outcomes in patients with cancer cachexia receiving chemotherapy -- a pilot study? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nutrition intervention on outcomes of dietary intake, body composition, nutritional status, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with cancer cachexia receiving chemotherapy.",
"Patients received weekly counselling by a dietitia... | Nutrition intervention together with chemotherapy improved outcomes in patients with pancreatic and non-small-cell lung cancer over 8 weeks. Supplement intake does not inhibit meal intake. | yes |
15,579,730 | Do chronically elevated endothelin levels reduce pulmonary vascular reactivity to nitric oxide? | {
"contexts": [
"Although local tissue activation of the endothelin (ET) system contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension, the impact of isolated chronic plasma hyperendothelinemia on the pulmonary circulation is unknown.",
"Mini-osmotic pumps were implanted in rats to deliver ET-1 during 7 or ... | Chronic hyperendothelinemia reduces the pulmonary vasodilator reserve in response to nitric oxide. Correction by an antioxidant and L-NNA suggests that this relates to increased production of reactive oxygen species, which may have clinical relevance for conditions associated with chronic increase of ET. Further studie... | yes |
15,580,398 | Does venous congestion induce mucosal apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cell death in the rat small intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue and organic venous congestion is a common pathophysiologic phenomenon. However, it is unclear whether venous congestion induces small-intestinal mucosal apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether venous congestion, or congestion followed by re-outflow, induced small-intest... | The present results support the view that venous congestion and congestion followed by re-outflow induce mucosal apoptosis in the rat small intestine, and show that the apoptosis occurs partly via tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cell death. | yes |
15,569,454 | Are [ Serum osteoprotegrin and serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamine acid-containing protein correlated with bone mineral density in normal women ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the relationships of serum osteoprotegrin (sOPG), serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamine acid-containing protein (sBGP), and urine deoxypyridinoline (uDPD)/creatinine (Cr) with age and bone mineral density (BMD) in women.",
"ELISA was used to examine the sOPG, sBGP, and uDPD/Cr of 672 fem... | sOPG, sBGP, and uDPD/Cr can be used as sensitive markers to determine the bone turnover status, which is changeable with age, and menopausal status in women, and predict the bone lose prior to BMD determination by DXA. | yes |
15,564,952 | Does epinephrine prevent muscle blood flow increases after perineural injection of tetrodotoxin? | {
"contexts": [
"The local anesthetic properties of tetrodotoxin, a potent naturally occurring sodium channel blocker, have been recently reexamined. It was found that sciatic nerve block duration could be greatly increased and systemic toxicity greatly decreased if epinephrine was injected with tetrodotoxin. The... | Vasoconstriction in the perisciatic muscles by epinephrine may contribute to the prolongation of tetrodotoxin-induced sciatic nerve blocks and the reduction of systemic toxicity of tetrodotoxin. | yes |
15,564,061 | Does removal of the superficial zone of bovine articular cartilage increase its frictional coefficient? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of the superficial zone in regulating the frictional response of articular cartilage. This zone contains the superficial protein (SZP), a proteoglycan synthesized exclusively by superficial zone chondrocytes and implicated in reducing the friction coefficient of cartilage.... | The topmost ( approximately 100 microm) superficial zone of articular cartilage does not have special properties which enhances its frictional response. | no |
15,564,065 | Are chromosomal abnormalities related to location and grade of osteoarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the frequency of numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, X and Y in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) by performing fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on articular cartilage, and to correlate the chromosomal changes with the degree and location of articular involvemen... | FISH analysis showed the presence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in the articular cartilage of patients with OA. | yes |
15,564,064 | Does the nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate increase subchondral bone sclerosis and cartilage degeneration following ovine meniscectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a nitric oxide (NO) donor compound, on the concurrent progression of cartilage and subchondral bone changes in an ovine meniscectomy model of osteoarthritis (OA).",
"Bilateral lateral meniscectomy (MX) was performed on 12 ewes to induce OA. ... | Treatment with GTN significantly increased subchondral bone thickness and density during subchondral remodelling following meniscectomy. In addition, it slightly but significantly worsened degeneration of cartilage structure and function. These results suggest that clinical use of GTN may accelerate both cartilage dege... | yes |
15,569,860 | Does homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic acid , cobalamin , and pyridoxine reduce blood markers of inflammation , endothelial dysfunction , or hypercoagulability in patients with previous transient ischemic attack or stroke : a randomized substudy of the VITATOPS trial? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that increasing concentrations of plasma homocysteine (total homocysteine [tHcy]) accelerate cardiovascular disease by promoting vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability.",
"We conducted a randomized controlled trial... | Lowering tHcy by 3.7 micromol/L with folic acid-based multivitamin therapy does not significantly reduce blood concentrations of the biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, or hypercoagulability measured in our study. The possible explanations for our findings are: (1) these biomarkers are not sensitive to... | no |
15,578,519 | Do bRAF mutations distinguish anorectal from cutaneous melanoma at the molecular level? | {
"contexts": [
"Anorectal melanoma (AM) is a rare but highly malignant tumor, displaying histologic and immunohistochemical features very similar to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Because BRAF mutations were recently identified in the majority of CM and nevi, we investigated AM for BRAF mutations and mutations of NRAS... | With regard to the frequency of V599E BRAF mutations, AM significantly differs from CM (P < or = .0001), which suggests that BRAF mutations distinguish anorectal from cutaneous melanoma at the molecular level. | yes |
15,578,512 | Does the ion channel ASIC1 contribute to visceral but not cutaneous mechanoreceptor function? | {
"contexts": [
"Visceral mechanoreceptors are critical for perceived sensations and autonomic reflex control of gastrointestinal function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying visceral mechanosensation remain poorly defined. Degenerin/epithelial Na+ channel (DEG/ENaC) family ion channels are candidate me... | ASIC1 influences visceral but not cutaneous mechanoreceptor function, suggesting that different mechanisms underlie mechanosensory function in gut and skin. The role of ASIC1 is highlighted by prolonging gastric emptying of a meal in ASIC1-/- animals. | yes |
15,562,174 | Do three year follow up of a self certification system for the assessment of fitness to dive in Scotland? | {
"contexts": [
"The need for routine medical examinations of sport divers in the Scottish Sub-Aqua Club (Scot-SAC) was revised in March 2000, and a new system using a self administered screening questionnaire was developed to allow divers to be assessed when necessary by doctors with diving medicine experience."... | The new self administered questionnaire system appears to be an effective screening tool for the detection of divers requiring detailed assessment by doctors with diving medicine experience. | yes |
15,573,073 | Does cisplatin enhance apoptosis induced by a tumor-selective adenovirus expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand? | {
"contexts": [
"Cancer cells frequently exhibit resistance to the cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Pretreatment of TRAIL-resistant cells with cisplatin sensitizes them to this ligand. Cisplatin also has been shown to enhance adenoviral transgene expression.",
... | Cisplatin pretreatment enhances Ad/gTRAIL cytotoxicity in malignant cells while not affecting normal cells. The mechanisms underlying this effect might include both enhancement of the susceptibility of cisplatin-treated cells to TRAIL and cisplatin-mediated enhancement of TRAIL expression in Ad/gTRAIL infected cells. T... | yes |
15,574,999 | Is the imbalance in the ratio of Th1 and Th2 helper lymphocytes in uraemia mediated by an increased apoptosis of Th1 subset? | {
"contexts": [
"In uraemia there is a reduction in the total number of T lymphocytes and an imbalance in the ratio of Th1/Th2 T-helper (Th) lymphocytes. A higher rate of apoptosis in T lymphocytes has been reported in haemodialysis patients. The aims of the present study were to assess the Th1/Th2 pattern in ura... | In uraemia there is a reduction in the proportion of Th1 lymphocytes due to a higher rate of apoptosis in this subset of lymphocytes. Th1 from uraemic patients show a higher expression of Fas and a lower expression of Bcl-2 than Th2. This makes uraemic Th1 cells more susceptible to apoptosis. The Th1/Th2 imbalance may ... | yes |
15,555,033 | Do disability and service use among homeless people living with psychotic disorders? | {
"contexts": [
"The prevalence of psychosis and needs for care among homeless people were studied in inner Melbourne.",
"This was a two-stage nested study within the Australian National Survey of People Living with Psychotic Illness. A screen for psychosis was administered to a representative sample of men a... | Despite high levels of contact with a well-organized, sectorized mental health service in an affluent country, this pocket of several hundred people had high levels of persisting disability and needs. The literature and local experience suggest that changing this situation is likely to require co-ordinated policy and p... | yes |
15,557,862 | Does [ Electroretinogram `` b '' wave vary with the posology of the antimalarial treatment ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The electroretinogram (ERG) is currently, together with the central visual field test, color vision test and electroculogram (EOG), an examination dedicated to prevent retinopathy due to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ) intoxication.",
"Thirty-two patients on treatment with HCQ we... | This study has demonstrated the ERG "b" wave sensitivity due to the variation of HCQ consumption. The amplitude and the culmination time of the ERG "b" wave are important parameters to monitor during long term treatment with HCQ. A decrease of the "b" wave amplitude, coupled with an increase of its culmination time in ... | yes |
15,570,577 | Are oncolytic herpes simplex virus mutants more efficacious than wild-type adenovirus Type 5 for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastomas in preclinical models? | {
"contexts": [
"High-risk neuroblastoma (Nb) is incurable using current treatment regimens in the majority of patients. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel approach being tested for several types of adult cancers.",
"To compare the susceptibility of Nb tumor models to oncolytic adenovirus and HSV mutants and de... | Nb tumor models are resistant to adenovirus mediated oncolysis but highly sensitive to HSV mediated oncolysis. Further studies of HSV virotherapy as a novel treatment for Nb are warranted. | yes |
15,574,212 | Do subcortical white matter metabolic changes remote from focal hemorrhagic lesions suggest diffuse injury after human traumatic brain injury? | {
"contexts": [
"We used positron emission tomographic studies to prospectively examine the relationship between glucose and oxidative metabolism in the subcortical white matter (WM) acutely after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective was to determine the nature, extent, and degree of metabolic abnormalitie... | The extent and degree of subcortical WM metabolic abnormalities after moderate and severe TBI suggest that diffuse WM injury is a general phenomenon after such injuries. This pervasive finding may indicate that the concept of focal traumatic injury, although valid from a computed tomographic imaging standpoint, may be ... | yes |
15,579,182 | Is changed bone status in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) perinatally infected children related to low serum free IGF-I? | {
"contexts": [
"Adults and children affected by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection show bone demineralization. Little is known about skeletal status using a quantitative high-frequency ultrasound (QUS) technique in these patients.",
"To evaluate the bone quality and assess the role of the ... | Our study shows that only patients affected by perinatal HIV-1 infection with severe clinical manifestations present significant changes in bone quality and bone metabolism. Our data also show that impairment of skeletal status is related to reduction in serum total and free IGF-I. Children with perinatal HIV-1 infecti... | yes |
15,577,785 | Do changes in programming over time in postmeningitis cochlear implant users? | {
"contexts": [
"Although successful cochlear implantation of patients with deafness following meningitis is expected, long-term stability of electrical current requirements has not been systematically evaluated. This study evaluated changes in programming for patients deafened by bacterial meningitis and stabili... | Even with deafness accompanied by labyrinthine ossification attributed to meningitis, neural elements were present and could be stimulated. Because increasing levels of stimulation were required over time, postmeningitic children with CIs, and those with cochlear ossification in particular, may need frequent programmin... | yes |
15,560,998 | Is repeat FDG-PET after neoadjuvant therapy a predictor of pathologic response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Repeat positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and chest computed tomography (CT) are used to assess the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the change in the standardized uptake values (SUV) has not been co... | The change in maxSUV on FDG-PET scan after neoadjuvant therapy holds a near linear relationship with pathologic response. It is a more accurate predictor than the change of size on CT scan. When the maxSUV decreases by 80% or more it is likely that the patient is a complete responder irrespective of cell type, neoadjuv... | yes |
15,583,706 | Are lipid profiles influenced by arm cranking exercise and training in individuals with spinal cord injury? | {
"contexts": [
"A prospective, two-group comparative intervention study.",
"To determine the acute and training effects of arm cranking exercise on blood lipid profiles in wheel chair bound individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and normal able-bodied subjects.",
"Faculty of Science, School of Sport a... | It is concluded that acute arm cranking exercise and training in individuals with SCI is associated with favourable effects on HDL-C, whereas total cholesterols and triglycerides were not altered. The mechanism responsible for the increase in HDL-C with training in individuals with SCI is not known, but it is likely to... | yes |
15,581,328 | Does tegaserod ( HTF 919 ) stimulate gut motility in normal horses? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been shown that the selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod induces an increase in frequency and amplitude of contractions in isolated muscle preparations of equine ileum and pelvic flexure.",
"To investigate the effects of tegaserod on gut motility and transit of spheres in normal ... | Tegaserod efficaciously stimulated motility and accelerate GI transit in healthy horses. | yes |
15,569,902 | Does hIV testing and receipt of test result among homeless persons with serious mental illness? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of HIV testing and receipt of results among homeless adults with serious mental illness in the initial 3-month period after contact with a community-based case management program.",
"Baseline and follow-up interview data came... | The majority of homeless clients enrolled in an intensive case management program were not tested for HIV during the 3-month period after program entry. Among those tested, however, nearly 90% reported receiving their results. The findings may enhance the development and targeting of strategies to increase testing and ... | yes |
15,562,266 | Does adenosine triphosphate stress myocardial contrast echocardiography detect coronary artery stenosis with greater sensitivity than wall-motion abnormality measurements? | {
"contexts": [
"Although stress myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can be used to detect coronary stenosis, its efficacy relative to other methods, such as detection of wall-motion abnormalities, remains unknown. Thus, the goal of this study was to compare the sensitivity of MCE versus wall-motion abnorm... | Real-time MCE has higher sensitivity in detecting coronary stenosis during adenosine triphosphate stress test when compared with wall-motion assessment. | yes |
15,570,220 | Is cytokeratin 12 in human ocular surface epithelia the antigen reactive with a commercial anti-Galpha q antibody? | {
"contexts": [
"In our initial attempt to identify differentiation markers for ocular surface epithelia, we observed a unique staining pattern by a commercial anti-Galphaq antibody. We further isolate and characterize the protein reactive with this anti-Galphaq antibody in human ocular surface epithelia.",
"... | The commercial E-17 anti-Galphaq antibody did not react with Galphaq protein, its purported antigen. Instead, it recognized a 55 kDa protein, which was characterized to be cytokeratin 12 by isoelectric focusing and peptide fingerprinting with mass spectrometry. Based on its reactivity with CK12, this commercial E-17 ca... | yes |
15,569,878 | Does docosahexaenoic acid complexed to albumin elicit high-grade ischemic neuroprotection? | {
"contexts": [
"High-dose human albumin therapy is strongly neuroprotective in models of brain ischemia and trauma and is currently being studied in a pilot-phase clinical stroke trial. Among its actions in ischemia, albumin induces the systemic mobilization of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may help to rep... | The high-grade neuroprotection afforded by the DHA-albumin complex at relatively low albumin doses is clinically advantageous in that it might reduce the likelihood of acute intravascular volume overload and congestive heart failure sometimes induced when patients with compromised cardiovascular function are treated wi... | yes |
15,554,598 | Does two years of smoking cessation reduce arterial wall thickness and stiffness? | {
"contexts": [
"Smoking cessation rapidly reduces cardiovascular risk. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved are still being debated. We measured structural and functional arterial wall properties of the femoral and carotid arteries after smoking cessation to investigate their possible role in cardiovascula... | Two years of smoking cessation was not accompanied by a slower progression or a regression in intima-media thickness nor by an improved cross-sectional compliance or distensiblity coefficient. Nevertheless, smoking cessation should be recommended as it reduces cardiovascular risk rapidly after smoking cessation. | no |
15,580,165 | Does reticuline exposure to invertebrate ganglia increase endogenous morphine levels? | {
"contexts": [
"Given the presence of morphine, its metabolites and precursors in mammalian and invertebrate tissues, it became important to determine if exposing tissues to an opiate alkaloid precursor, reticuline, would result in increasing endogenous morphine levels.",
"Endogenous morphine levels were det... | Taken together, we surmise that the morphine's precursors are being converted to morphine. The experiments strongly indicate that pedal ganglia can synthesize morphine from reticuline. | yes |
15,577,545 | Is infection with concurrent multiple hepatitis C virus genotypes associated with faster HIV disease progression? | {
"contexts": [
"To elucidate the importance of hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype in HIV disease progression.",
"This study was conducted among 126 HIV/HCV co-infected drug users with a known interval of HIV seroconversion whose HCV genotype was known early in HIV infection. Both clinical progression (to AIDS)... | HIV disease progression differs by HCV genotype and is especially faster in individuals whose HCV infection involves more than one HCV genotype. The effect of HCV genotype on HIV progression was greater in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, suggesting that the effectiveness of HAART may diminish ... | yes |
15,572,021 | Does better knowledge improve adherence to lifestyle changes and medication in patients with coronary heart disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Many patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are not managed adequately, and we often fail to reach treatment targets.",
"To investigate if knowledge of risk factors for CHD, measured by a questionnaire, would show any relation to advice to compliance to lifestyle changes to attain treatme... | Knowledge correlates to patient behaviour with respect to some risk factors, which should be recognised in preventive programs. | yes |
15,564,943 | Do isoflurane and desflurane impair right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"Halogenated anesthetics depress left ventricular function, but their effects on the right ventricle have been less well studied. Therefore, the authors studied the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on pulmonary arterial (PA) and right ventricular (RV) properties at baseline and in hypoxia.",
... | Isoflurane and desflurane markedly impair RV-PA coupling efficiency in dogs, during hyperoxia and hypoxia, both by increasing RV afterload and by decreasing RV contractility. | yes |
15,562,368 | Are higher rates of viral suppression with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors compared to single protease inhibitors explained by better adherence? | {
"contexts": [
"Although evidence suggests that antiretroviral (ARV) regimens containing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are superior to single-protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens at suppressing viral load, it is unclear how much of the improved viral suppression is due to intrinsic dr... | A higher proportion of individuals using NNRTI-based regimens had viral suppression when compared to those taking single-PI-containing regimens, and this association was not confounded by higher levels of adherence. These results suggest that improved viral suppression on NNRTI regimens compared to single-PI regimens i... | no |
15,571,005 | Is the anti-fibrotic effect of pirfenidone in rat liver fibrosis mediated by downregulation of procollagen alpha1 ( I ) , TIMP-1 and MMP-2? | {
"contexts": [
"Pirfenidone (5 methyl-1-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridone) is a novel anti-fibrotic agent, which has been shown to decrease collagen deposition in a variety of animal models in vivo, and recently in hepatic fibrosis also. At cellular level, we have recently demonstrated that pirfenidone is able to inhibit pr... | (1) Pirfenidone is effective also if administered after the induction of the hepatic damage; (2) the anti-fibrotic effect of pirfenidone is mainly due to the reduced expression of profibrogenic procollagen alpha1(I) and TIMP-1, most likely through the downregulation of transforming growth factorbeta1 mRNA, and of matri... | yes |
15,578,880 | Does cytosine arabinoside substitution decrease transcription factor-DNA binding element complex formation? | {
"contexts": [
"The pyrimidine nucleoside analog, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), is an effective therapeutic agent for acute leukemia. The phosphorylated triphosphate, cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, competes with deoxycytosine triphosphate as a substrate for incorporation into DNA. Once incorporated into DNA,... | The reduction of the binding capacity of transcription factors with their respective DNA binding elements may depend on structural changes within oligonucleotides induced by Ara-C incorporation. This altered binding capacity of transcription factors to their DNA binding elements may represent one mechanism for Ara-C cy... | yes |
15,565,484 | Does cervical spinal cord stimulation increase cerebral cortical blood flow in an experimental cerebral vasospasm model? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebral microcirculatory changes during cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) are still controversial and uncertain. The aim of our study is to demonstrate that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) augments cerebral cortical microcirculatory blood flow in an experimental ce... | These results indicate that SCS improves cortical ischemia due to vasospasm after induced SAH. The cervical SCS may constitute a new therapeutic modality in treating disturbed CCoBF due to vasospasm. | yes |
15,564,353 | Are social networks associated with lower mortality rates among women with suspected coronary disease : the National Heart , Lung , and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women 's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation study? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the association between social relationships measured by the Social Network Scale and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and mortality among a sample of women with suspected CAD.",
"Five hundred three women (mean age, 59 years) with suspected CAD warranting clinical investigation c... | Among a cohort of women with suspected CAD, smaller social circles were associated with increased CAD risk factors and mortality, an effect that appeared to be explained largely by income level. The findings extend previous studies of social network effects on health by highlighting risk among women with suspected CAD,... | yes |
15,577,645 | Do the HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors stavudine and zidovudine alter adipocyte functions in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Nucleoside analogues are suspected of playing a role in peripheral fat loss in patients during long-term treatment with antiretroviral drugs.",
"We compared the long-term effects of stavudine (10 microM), zidovudine (1 muM), didanosine (10 microM), abacavir (4 microM), lamivudine (10 microM),... | The thymidine analogues stavudine and zidovudine decreased lipid content, mitochondrial activity, and adipocyte survival in vitro. | yes |
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