pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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15,564,706 | Does angiotensin II receptor blocker prevent increased arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"High pulse wave velocity (PWV) is related to cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension (EHT). It is reported that short-term treatment with an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) decreases PWV, as well as blood pressure (BP), and increases the serum adiponectin, known as an adipocytokine, w... | Long-term treatment with ARB inhibits the progression of arterial stiffness independent of BP reduction. One of the mechanisms may be related to the increased serum adiponectin concentration after treatment with an ARB. | yes |
15,567,877 | Does nimesulide , a COX-2 inhibitor , reduce lesion size or number in a nude mouse model of endometriosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Women with endometriosis have elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in peritoneal macrophages and endometriotic tissue. Inhibition of COX-2 has been shown to reduce inflammation, angiogenesis and cellular proliferation. It may also downregulate aromatase activity in ectopic endometrial lesi... | The hypothesized biological properties of COX-2 inhibition did not influence lesion number or size in the nude mouse model of endometriosis. | no |
15,582,323 | Does mechanical unloading improve intracellular Ca2+ regulation in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to assess whether mechanical unloading has beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.",
"Mechanical unloading by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) improves the cardiac function of terminal heart failure in humans. However, previous an... | Mechanical unloading increases functional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase and improves [Ca(2+)](i) handling and contractility in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. These beneficial effects of mechanical unloading were not observed in normal hearts. | yes |
15,570,008 | Does vector targeting make 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy less toxic and more effective in animal models of epithelial neoplasms? | {
"contexts": [
"5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been combined in the past with other drugs for the combination chemotherapy for cancers of the breast, ovary, and colon. These drug regimens were limited by the fact that 5-FU fails to kill nondividing cancer cells at the doses that are safe to deliver. The goal of the p... | Replacement of 5-FU in 5-FU-based combination chemotherapy with the Ad-LpCDIRESE1A vector and 5-FU reduces toxicity and increases efficacy. This is a concept that could be potentially applied widely for many forms of cancer treatment. | yes |
15,576,638 | Does pharmacological inhibition and genetic deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 attenuate angiotensin II/salt-induced aortic remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that pharmacological plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 inhibition protects against renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-induced cardiovascular injury, the effect of a novel orally active small-molecule PAI-1 inhibitor, PAI-039, was examined in a mouse model of angiote... | This study demonstrates that pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 protects against Ang II-induced aortic remodeling. Future studies are needed to determine whether the interactive effect of Ang II/salt and reduced PAI-1 activity on cardiac fibrosis is species-specific. In this study, the effect of pharmacological PAI-1 ... | yes |
15,563,698 | Does supplementary oxygen in healthy subjects and those with COPD increase oxidative stress and airway inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperoxia increases oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species and may therefore enhance inflammation in the lungs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether short term supplementary oxygen (28%) increases oxidative stress and inflammation in the airways by measurin... | These findings suggest that short term supplementary oxygen may enhance oxidative stress and inflammation in the airways. Whether this happens with long term oxygen therapy needs to be determined. | yes |
15,569,314 | Does binding of the chemokine SLC/CCL21 to its receptor CCR7 increase adhesive properties of human mesangial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Adherence of human mesangial cells to the surrounding matrix contributes to glomerular homeostasis and is important for the maintenance of glomerular architecture and function in normal adult human kidney. The expression of chemokines and corresponding chemokine receptors on adjacent intrinsic re... | Activation of CCR7 on mesangial cells by SLC/CCL21 enhances the degree and firmness of cell adhesion and increases cell spreading and the formation of cell-cell contacts. This includes integrin-linked kinase activation and F-actin rearrangements. Thus, local chemokine generation and chemokine receptor expression on mes... | yes |
15,582,532 | Does treatment with 17-beta-estradiol reduce superoxide production in aorta of ovariectomized rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidant stress contributes to vascular injury and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that estrogen treatment of ovariectomized rats decreases O(2)(-) by decreasing the activity of NAD(P)H oxidase and this reduction in O(2)(-) could have a vasculoprotective effect.",
"Ovariectomized rats were tr... | E2 decreases activation of p47phox and O(2)(-) production by NAD(P)H oxidase. This did not affect contractile properties of the vessel, but could still potentially alter cell signaling from oxidant increasing stresses. | yes |
15,570,311 | Is long-chain fatty acid uptake upregulated in omental adipocytes from patients undergoing bariatric surgery for obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the impact of obesity on adipocyte cell size and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake kinetics in human subjects undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery.",
"A total of 10 obese patients (BMI 49.8+/-11.9 (s.d.) kg/m(2)) undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery, and 10 nonobese s... | The data support the concepts that (1) adipocyte LCFA uptake consists of distinct facilitated (saturable) and diffusive processes; (2) increased saturable LCFA uptake in obese adipocytes is not simply a consequence of increased cell size, but rather reflects upregulation of a facilitated transport process; and (3) the ... | yes |
15,569,065 | Does inactivation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in red cell concentrate using INACTINE PEN110 chemistry? | {
"contexts": [
"The risk of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections as a result of the presence of bacteria in blood is one of the major concerns in transfusion medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bacteria inoculated into red blood cell concentrates can be inactivated by the INACT... | The PEN110 pathogen-reduction process was demonstrated to inactivate high titres of A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii, C. perfringens and P. acnes in red cell concentrates. | yes |
15,581,950 | Is dNA aneuploidy associated with increased mortality for stage I endometrial cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The current study was undertaken to determine if DNA ploidy is a useful prognostic variable for predicting recurrence in stage I endometrial cancer. For cancer of the endometrium, survival following recurrence may depend on a number of factors, including the pattern of recurrence and the response... | Although the recurrence risk is not higher for patients with surgical stage I endometrial cancer and aneuploid tumors, overall mortality remains higher. | yes |
15,581,951 | Does upregulation of FasL by LPA on ovarian cancer cell surface lead to apoptosis of activated lymphocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Constitutive expression and upregulation of FasL by malignant epithelial cells counterattack infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and induce apoptosis of normal cells within the tumor, which may induce metastasis. As little is known about the mechanisms that r... | These data suggest that upregulation of FasL by LPA provides EOC immune-privilege and leads to apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes. | yes |
15,555,257 | Do [ Effects of transforming growth factor beta1 on dendritic cells function ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) on dendritic cells (DC).",
"Murine bone marrow cells were cultured with different cytokine combinations to develop immature DC (imDC, GM-CSF only) and TGFbeta-DC (GM-CSF + TGF-beta1), and their responses to lipopolysac... | TGF-beta1 can inhibit the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC. The TGFbeta-DC is resistant to maturation stimulus (LPS) and might be linked with TLR4 down-regulation. | yes |
15,567,077 | Does meta-analysis show schizophrenia is not associated with the 40-base-pair repeat polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene? | {
"contexts": [
"Several case-control studies examined an association between schizophrenia and the 40-bp variable number tandem repeat (VTNR) polymorphism in the 3'-UTR of the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3). The results of these studies have been equivocal due to small sample size and low power. This meta-an... | Despite over 90% power to detect a significant odds ratio as small as 1.3, no association was observed. Considering the cumulative evidence from six case-control studies and results from additional family-based studies, it seems unlikely that the 40-base-pair VTNR polymorphism of the SLC6A3 gene influences risk for sch... | yes |
15,571,533 | Do vision impairment and combined vision and hearing impairment predict cognitive and functional decline in older women? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the association between vision and hearing impairment and subsequent cognitive and functional decline in community-residing older women.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"Four metropolitan areas of the United States.",
"A total of 6,112 women aged 69 and older participating... | Sensory impairment is associated with cognitive and functional decline in older women. Studies are needed to determine whether treatment of vision and hearing impairment can decrease the risk for cognitive and functional decline. | yes |
15,558,995 | Does warming by immersion or exercise affect initial cooling rate during subsequent cold water immersion? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the effect of prior heating, by exercise and warm-water immersion, on core cooling rates in individuals rendered mildly hypothermic by immersion in cold water.",
"There were seven male subjects who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) seated rest for 15 min (control);... | These results suggest that prior warming by both active and, to a greater extent, passive warming, may predispose a person to greater heat loss and to experience a larger decline in core temperature when subsequently exposed to cold water. Thus, functional time and possibly survival time could be reduced when cold wate... | yes |
15,557,469 | Does otx2 homeobox gene induce photoreceptor-specific phenotypes in cells derived from adult iris and ciliary tissue? | {
"contexts": [
"It remains unclear which gene induction effectively generates photoreceptor-specific phenotypes from nonretinal tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Crx and Otx2--homeobox genes related to photoreceptor development--can induce the generation of these phenotypes in cells der... | Crx and Otx2 effectively induced the generation of photoreceptor-specific phenotypes from ciliary- and iris-derived cells. That both Crx and Otx2 induced phenotype generation in cells derived from iris or ciliary tissue may suggest an approach to photoreceptor cell preparation for retinal transplantation. | yes |
15,564,830 | Do cochlear implant fixation using polypropylene mesh and titanium screws? | {
"contexts": [
"Fixation of cochlear implants using prosthetic mesh is an improvement of the traditional fixation methods.",
"A retrospective chart review was performed examining all adult and pediatric patients between 1998 and 2003 who underwent cochlear implantation using polypropylene mesh and titanium s... | We conclude that this technique is widely applicable, technically superior, and not associated with increased complications. | yes |
15,569,323 | Does lead exposure raise superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic lead exposure causes hypertension and cardiovascular disease, which are associated with, and, in part, due to oxidative stress. While occurrence of oxidative stress in lead-exposed animals and cultured endothelial cells has been well-established, direct and specific evidence on the type o... | Lead exposure promotes generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in human EC and VSMC. This phenomenon can potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of the lead-associated hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and points to the potential benefit of lowering lead burden in the exposed populations. | yes |
15,571,586 | Is sero-reactivity to microbial components in Crohn 's disease associated with disease severity and progression , but not NOD2/CARD15 genotype? | {
"contexts": [
"Antibodies directed against the porin protein C of Escherichia coli (anti-OmpC) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (anti-I2) have recently been described in Crohn's disease (CD). Those directed against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) and the perinuclear component of neutrophils (pANCA) have been more wi... | Reactivity to microbial components is associated with severe CD characterized by small bowel involvement, frequent disease progression, longer disease duration, and greater need for intestinal surgery. | yes |
15,569,514 | Does [ Copper treatment alter the barrier functions of human intestinal Caco-2 cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of copper on permeability and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) of Caco-2 cell monolayers.",
"The differentiated Caco-2 cell model was used in this study. Permeability of cell monolayers was reflected by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); distribution of t... | Copper might alter the barrier functions of Caco-2 cells through increasing the permeability and inhibiting P-gp of Caco-2 cells. | yes |
15,567,455 | Do acute coronary syndromes promote prolonged in vivo FXII-dependent prothrombotic activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Coagulation FXII is activated on contact with lipoprotein particles. It has been suggested that contact with subendothelial tissue provides an alternative biological surface for FXII activation. Our aim was to investigate whether activated FXII (FXIIa) is elevated in patients with coronary athero... | The finding of similar FXIIa levels among patients in either acute or chronic phases of coronary atherosclerosis suggests that the initial arterial denudation and the acute-phase response associated to acute coronary syndromes are not major determinants for prolonged FXII activation. | no |
15,567,452 | Are pharmacokinetics of UH and LMWH similar with respect to antithrombin activity? | {
"contexts": [
"The ability to administer low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) subcutaneously without laboratory monitoring contributes to their popularity for the treatment of thrombotic disorders. Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin, although less expensive, is deemed to require routine laboratory monitoring o... | LMWHs, as a class of drugs, are no more predictable in antithrombin effect after subcutaneous injection than unfractionated heparin. There were considerable differences among LMWHs in the observed variability of antithrombin effects, with tinzaparin being somewhat more predictable than the other drugs tested. | yes |
15,569,819 | Do cytochrome P4502C9-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). CYP2C9-derived EETs elicit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, but the signaling pathways involved are incompletely understood. Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in angiogen... | These data indicate that CYP2C9-derived EETs induce the expression of COX-2 in endothelial cells via a cAMP-dependent pathway and that this mechanism contributes to CYP2C9-induced angiogenesis. Overexpression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 in endothelial cells increased cAMP levels, stimulated the cAMP-response element-b... | yes |
15,566,598 | Do perioperative factors determine outcome after surgery for severe acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"There is evidence that postponing surgery in critically ill patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) leads to improved survival, but previous reports included patients with both sterile and infected pancreatic necrosis who were operated on for various indications and with different degrees o... | In this cohort of critically ill patients operated on for SAP, there was a trend toward higher mortality in patients operated on early in the course of the disease, but in multivariate analysis, only greater age, severity of organ dysfunction at the moment of surgery, and the presence of sterile necrosis, but not the t... | yes |
15,581,648 | Does menstrual cycle influence on pain and emotion in women with fibromyalgia? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined the influence of the menstrual cycle on pain and emotion in women with fibromyalgia (FM) as compared with women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to healthy controls.",
"One hundred and twenty-five premenopausal women (21-45 years old) participated in this study (57 with ... | Although FM pain did not vary across the menstrual cycle, these results point to the importance of considering the lower level and cyclical nature of positive affect when studying women with chronic pain. | yes |
15,579,213 | Is p80 , the HinT interacting membrane protein , a secreted antigen of Mycoplasma hominis? | {
"contexts": [
"Mycoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria which encode a minimal set of proteins. In Mycoplasma hominis, the genes encoding the surface-localized membrane complex P60/P80 are in an operon with a gene encoding a cytoplasmic, nucleotide-binding protein with a characteristic Histidine triad motif (Hin... | Our model for secretion of the P80 protein of M. hominis implies a two-step process. In general the P80 protein is transported across the membrane and remains complexed to P60, surface-exposed and membrane anchored via the uncleaved signal sequence. Loss of the 4.7 kDa signal peptide seems to be a pre-requisite for P80... | yes |
15,573,069 | Does specific inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase with FR167653 attenuate vascular proliferation in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is associated with many clinical entities characterized by inflammation. We postulated that inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase with FR167653 attenuates inflammation and the development of pulmonary hypertension in monocrotaline-treated rats.",
... | FR167653 significantly attenuates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, ultimately preventing the progression of pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase might play a central role in the molecular events that underlie the development and progression of pulmonary hypert... | yes |
15,573,068 | Is preoperative cerebral blood flow diminished in neonates with severe congenital heart defects? | {
"contexts": [
"Impaired neurodevelopmental outcome represents a major morbidity for survivors of infant heart surgery for congenital heart defects. Previous studies in these neonates have reported preoperative microcephaly, periventricular leukomalacia, and other findings. The hypothesis of this study is that p... | Structural brain abnormalities are common in these neonates before surgical intervention. Preoperative cerebral blood flow for this cohort was low and drastically reduced in some patients. Low cerebral blood flow values were associated with periventricular leukomalacia. Carbon dioxide reactivity was preserved but might... | yes |
15,573,067 | Does the Contegra conduit in the right ventricular outflow tract induce supravalvular stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to evaluate the incidence and nature of pulmonary stenosis after implantation of the bovine jugular vein graft (Contegra; Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) in the right ventricular outflow tract.",
"Between May 2000 and September 2002, 58 Contegra conduits (8-22 mm) were implanted ... | The Contegra conduit induces a neointimal proliferation at the level of the pulmonary anastomosis. This leads to a high incidence of severe stenosis at intermediate-term follow-up. | yes |
15,569,419 | Does a mutation in signal peptide of rat resistin gene inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"To detect the resistin expression of white adipose tissue in diet-induced obese (DIO) versus diet-resistant (DR) rats, and to investigate the relationship of mutated resistin and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation.",
"RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect gene /protein expression. 3T3... | Resistin-increased differentiation may be inhibited by the mutation-containing precursor protein, or by the mutant non-secretory resistin isoform. | yes |
8,348,574 | Does arteriovenous-shunt-mediated increase in venous return cause apparent right coronary arterial autoregulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Reports of autoregulation in the right coronary vasculature have varied from non-existent to almost perfect. At least some of this discrepancy may be due to failure to account for changes in myocardial metabolism secondary to the method used to vary perfusion pressure. The aim of this study was t... | This apparently potent autoregulation resulted from the shunt induced increase in oxygen consumption at low right coronary perfusion pressures, in contrast to the decreased right ventricular oxygen consumption and right coronary blood flow observed when right coronary perfusion pressure is selectively decreased. | yes |
8,352,667 | Do white matter changes in healthy elderly persons correlate with attention and speed of mental processing? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the association between white matter changes (leukoaraiosis [LA]) seen on magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive functions.",
"Survey of cohorts of neurologically healthy elderly subjects derived consecutively from a population-based random sample.",
"General community, the ... | Leukoaraiosis could explain some of the intellectual impairment in the elderly, especially that of slowing of distinct motor and attentional functions, as well as slowing of mental processing. Mild LA in normal aged subjects could also signal brain at risk for further cognitive impairment. | yes |
8,359,654 | Is hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mediated by endogenous benzodiazepines? | {
"contexts": [
"To distinguish whether the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists is mediated by their antagonistic or their inverse agonistic properties, the neurobehavioral effects of a variety of benzodiazepine receptor ligands in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liv... | In rats with thioacetamide-induced liver failure, endogenous benzodiazepines do not precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. The amelioration of hepatic encephalopathy is mediated by benzodiazepine receptor ligands with both antagonistic and inverse agonistic properties. | no |
8,342,125 | Does endotoxin stimulate arginine transport in pulmonary artery endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The pulmonary endothelium plays an important role in the metabolism of the amino acid arginine, the exclusive precursor molecule for nitric oxide (NO). Despite decreased circulating arginine levels, endothelial NO production is elevated during endotoxemia. However, the regulation of pulmonary art... | Endotoxin stimulates Na(+)-independent arginine transport by PAECs through a process that requires de novo RNA and protein synthesis, possibly of the transporter itself. This response may be designed to support arginine-dependent biosynthetic pathways in the lung during septic states. | yes |
8,342,121 | Does arginine stimulate wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings? | {
"contexts": [
"Experimentally, arginine enhances immune function and promotes wound healing. In this randomized double-blind study we investigated the effect of oral arginine supplementation on wound healing and T-cell function in elderly human beings (more than 65 years of age).",
"Thirty elderly, healthy,... | The data suggest that arginine supplementation may improve wound healing and immune responses in the elderly. | yes |
8,342,129 | Do soluble factors modulate changes in collagen gene expression in abdominal aortic aneurysms? | {
"contexts": [
"Although increased procollagen gene expression and synthesis have been implicated in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), factors modulating this change have not been identified. Furthermore, it is not known whether the increase in AAA procollagen expression is specific to this di... | There is no increase in tissue AOD procollagen gene expression. The ability to transfer the same relative patterns of gene expression from tissue to target SMC with conditioned media suggests that paracrine, rather than autocrine, factors modulate procollagen expression in AAA tissues. | yes |
8,348,700 | Do interindividual differences in the pituitary-thyroid axis influence the interpretation of thyroid function tests? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated interindividual differences in the shape, slope and setpoint of the pituitary-thyroid axis (PTA) in normal persons. Based on these physiological data we propose a novel bivariate concept for the interpretation of thyroid function tests which is less biased by interindividual diffe... | The presence of significant age and gender-independent interindividual variations in the setpoint of the pituitary-thyroid axis raises conceptual problems with the current approach for interpreting thyroid function tests. An easy to use graphical bivariate representation of the normal ranges for thyroid function tests ... | yes |
8,363,449 | Do temporal lobe regions on magnetic resonance imaging identify patients with early Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of the study was to examine the volume of selected brain regions in a group of mildly impaired patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Five regions were selected for analysis, all of which have been reported to show substantial change in the majority of patients with AD at some time in t... | The results suggest that the hippocampus and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricles may be useful as antemortem markers of AD in mildly impaired patients. | yes |
8,342,185 | Is hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke caused by stress? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke is associated with poor outcome. Whether hyperglycemia in nondiabetic stroke patients is caused by stress is controversial.",
"We studied glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin in 91 consecutive patients with acute stroke admitted within 24 hours... | We conclude that hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke cannot be explained by increased stress. | no |
8,349,061 | Is abdominal obesity associated with insulin resistance? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent evidence suggests that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may account for many of the medical complications of obesity. This study was performed to determine whether a predominance of body fat in the abdominal region is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.",
"T... | The high-WHR group (abdominal obesity) was more resistant to the action of insulin. These results suggest that measurement of the WHR could help define the degree of medical risk for a given obese patient seeking treatment. | yes |
8,353,879 | Does endothelin antiserum decrease volume-stimulated and basal plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most powerful factor known to release atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in vivo and in cultured cardiac myocytes or preparations of atrium. We tested the role of endogenous ET-1 in the regulation of ANP release by passive immunization in anesthetized rats.",
"Intrave... | Endothelin may be a physiological modulator of both basal and stimulated ANP release. | yes |
8,354,799 | Do verapamil and aspirin modulate platelet-mediated vasomotion in arterial segments with intact or disrupted endothelium? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to examine the effects of verapamil and aspirin, which decrease thromboxane A2 and serotonin release, on the modulation of vascular tone by platelets.",
"Aggregating platelets cause constriction of de-endothelialized arterial segments through thromboxane A2 and seroton... | This study provides evidence for the modulation of platelet-mediated vasoconstriction of de-endothelialized arterial segments by prior treatment of subjects with verapamil or aspirin. In clinical syndromes characterized by endothelial dysfunction or disruption, treatment with verapamil or aspirin may modify platelet-ve... | yes |
8,342,991 | Is hepatocyte injury by activated neutrophils in vitro mediated by proteases? | {
"contexts": [
"This study determined the mechanism used by neutrophils (PMNs) to induce hepatocellular injury.",
"Neutrophils have been shown to be potent mediators of cell and tissue injury and have been hypothesized to contribute to the hepatic injury that occurs after trauma and infection. Oxygen radical... | PMNs are cytotoxic to cultured HCs, predominantly due to the release of proteolytic enzymes, while HCs appear relatively resistant to oxidative injury. Involvement of neutrophil toxic oxygen radicals in hepatic damage in vivo may require impairment of HC antioxidant defenses or may involve injury to nonparenchymal live... | yes |
8,350,939 | Is [ Compared to whole body scanning thyroglobulin assay reliable in the follow-up of thyroidectomized patients with thyroid carcinoma ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether it is reliable to do thyroglobulin measurements during thyroid hormone substitution (Tg ON) alone or whether it is also necessary to do 131I total body scanning (TBS) and Tg measurements after withdrawal of thyroid hormone substitution (Tg OFF) in the follow-up of patients wi... | In the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma it is reliable to do Tg measurements during thyroid hormone suppression. When Tg ON is detectable (> 3 pmol/l) TBS and Tg OFF measurement and if necessary further investigations have to be performed. | yes |
8,342,150 | Is acute cyclosporine-induced renal vasoconstriction mediated by endothelin-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclosporine causes intrarenal vasoconstriction, which may account for its nephrotoxic side effects. Plasma levels of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 are increased after cyclosporine administration, and endothelin-1 has been shown to cause renal vasoconstriction. In this study we used in... | The acute renal vasoconstriction induced by cyclosporine is mediated by endothelin-1. Endogenous endothelin-1 has little role in maintaining basal vascular tone. | yes |
8,342,801 | Do subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane suppress learning as defined by the category-example task? | {
"contexts": [
"Previously, we found unconscious (implicit) learning in subjects given subanesthetic, but not anesthetic, concentrations of isoflurane. Other investigators, using different learning tasks, have reported implicit learning at anesthetic concentrations. We investigated whether one of these tasks mig... | The ED50 that suppressed explicit learning in our volunteers equaled that previously reported (0.2 MAC) for implicit learning in volunteers measured using a different task. Combined, these results suggest that less than 0.45 MAC isoflurane suppresses learning in volunteers. | yes |
8,350,335 | Do gamma delta + T cells from patients with psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis respond to streptococcal antigen? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate cellular immune responses to streptococcal antigens in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). To specifically examine responses of the gamma delta + T cell subset.",
"Proliferation of PsA synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) cultured with st... | PsA PBL and SFL responded to stimulation by streptococcal antigen but this reactivity was not disease specific. We have demonstrated that gamma delta + T cells from PsA SF proliferated when cultured with a psoriasis associated strain of streptococcus (Strep 1). However, RA gamma delta + SFL responded similarly suggesti... | yes |
8,343,743 | Are genetic susceptibility to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance located in HLA region? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that the genetic susceptibility to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is the same as that to insulin dependent disease and to see whether glucose intolerance is associated with specific HLA haplotypes.",
"Population based study of men in 1989 first tested for gluco... | These findings support the hypothesis that specific HLA haplotypes exhibit a common genetic determinant for insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes. Furthermore, HLA is a major genetic determinant of glucose intolerance in elderly Finnish men. The belief that the HLA predisposition to diabetes is specific ... | yes |
8,348,569 | Does severe neutrophil depletion by leucocyte filters or cytotoxic drug improve recovery of contractile function in stunned porcine myocardium? | {
"contexts": [
"The contribution of neutrophils to myocardial injury during stunning remains controversial because of conflicting results in neutropenic animals. The goal of this study was to compare the recovery of function in stunned myocardium using two distinct methods for inducing neutropenia in pigs.",
... | As assessed in the pig model of myocardial stunning and using two different methods, severe neutropenia does not reduce the depression of contractile function. | no |
8,353,880 | Does downregulation of c-myc expression by antisense oligonucleotides inhibit proliferation of human smooth muscle cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays an important role in vascular pathobiology, being involved in the development of coronary restenosis and atherosclerosis. The activation of nuclear proto-oncogenes appears to be a final common pathway onto which various mitogenic signals coverage.... | c-myc antisense oligomers reduced c-myc expression and produced a significant growth inhibition of human SMCs, indicating an important role of c-myc gene activation in the process of SMC proliferation. Furthermore, extracellular stability and rapid cellular uptake provide the basis for future studies assessing the ther... | yes |
8,353,888 | Is cardiac stress protein elevation 24 hours after brief ischemia or heat stress associated with resistance to myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that the heat shock response is associated with myocardial salvage, the heat stress protein (HSP) content of cardiac tissue was increased by either ischemic or thermal stress.",
"Rabbits were divided into four groups. Ischemic pretreatment (n = 15) comprised four 5-minu... | Myocardial stress protein induced by either sublethal thermal or ischemic injury is associated with myocardial salvage. Our findings suggest that stress protein elevation, rather than the nonspecific effects of thermal or ischemic stress, may be responsible for the myocardial protection seen in this model. Our observat... | yes |
8,348,161 | Does obesity affect circulating estradiol levels of premenopausal hirsute women receiving leuprolide acetate depot? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of premenopausal obesity on circulating levels of estradiol, estrone, free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEAS, and immuno- and bioactive FSH and LH.",
"University clinic.",
"Premenopausal hirsute women, four obese and four nonobese, received leuprolide acetate ... | Premenopausal obesity affects circulating estradiol levels of hirsute women receiving LD. The effect does not reflect weight-related differences in circulating levels of androgens or bioactive gonadotropins. Premenopausal adiposity in hirsute women may influence the estrogenic milieu associated with desensitization to ... | yes |
8,350,446 | Do competency assessment of primary care physicians as part of a peer review program? | {
"contexts": [
"To design and test a program that assesses clinical competence as a second stage in a peer review process and to determine the program's reliability.",
"A three-cohort study of Ontario primary care physicians.",
"Reference physicians (n = 26) randomly drawn from the Hamilton, Ontario, are... | The study demonstrated the feasibility, reliability, and validity of a multicomponent examination in the peer review process. | yes |
8,349,185 | Is reduction of plasma fibrinolytic activity following high-dose cyclophosphamide neutralized in vivo by GM-CSF administration? | {
"contexts": [
"GM-CSF has broad clinical applicability as a potent myelopoietic stimulator. However, its function is not restricted to the myelopoietic system and several observations suggest that GM-CSF may interfere with the hemostatic balance. In order to assess whether GM-CSF has any influence on hemostasis... | The results demonstrate that high-dose chemotherapy may negatively influence plasma FA. This adverse side effect is neutralized by GM-CSF administration. The discrepancy found between in vitro and in vivo GM-CSF activity on hemostatic may be explained by in vivo GM-CSF stimulation of cell types other than endothelial c... | yes |
8,349,187 | Do serum erythropoietin level and marrow erythroid infiltration predict response to recombinant human erythropoietin in myelodysplastic syndromes? | {
"contexts": [
"In 38 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) the values of serum erythropoietin were measured at diagnosis and compared with the haemoglobin level. A highly significant inverse relationship was found between these two parameters, suggesting that the physiologic mechanism of erythroid proge... | Under recombinant human erythropoietin, three patients became transfusion-independent and 5 had a transient decrease of their transfusion requirement. Two patients under prolonged treatment at the same dose of erythropoietin remain in complete remission after 12 and 15 months respectively. A direct relationship between... | yes |
8,363,085 | Does hypothermic acid-base management affect cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen at 27 degrees C. A study during cardiopulmonary bypass in rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been contended that, during cardiopulmonary bypass at 27 degrees C, pH-stat management decreases cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) more than alpha-stat management. In contrast, other studies have not found CMRO2 to differ between techniques. Using each animal as its own control, t... | During cardiopulmonary bypass at 27 degrees C, hypothermic acid-base management has no measurable effect on CMRO2. CMRO2 was neither extraction limited nor dependent on either PaCO2, CBF, or hemoglobin oxygen affinity differences between alpha-stat and pH-stat management. Cerebral blood flow responses to changing CMRO2... | no |
8,363,080 | Does autologous platelet-rich plasma reduce transfusion of homologous blood products in patients undergoing repeat valvular surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients undergoing cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass frequently require transfusion of homologous blood products and, therefore, are exposed to the risk of transfusions. Autologous platelet-rich plasma administration may reduce homologous transfusion and attendant risks.",
"In... | Autologous platelet-rich plasma did not reduce perioperative bleeding or transfusion requirements in repeat valvular surgery. | no |
8,349,376 | Is atenolol or nicardipine alone as efficacious in stable angina as their combination : a double blind randomised trial? | {
"contexts": [
"Beta blockers and calcium antagonists are widely used in the management of angina pectoris in the belief that the combination is more efficacious than either drug alone.",
"This double blind randomised crossover placebo controlled study compares the effects of nicardipine, atenolol and their ... | Nicardipine and atenolol are equally effective in prolonging exercise duration and time to onset of ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina while the combination appeared to offer no additional benefit. Nicardipine prolonged the time to onset of angina significantly; again there was no further improvement with ... | yes |
8,355,038 | Is s-phase fraction a prognostic factor in stage I breast carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The prognostic significance of cell proliferation, estimated as cytometric S-phase fraction (SPF), was investigated in node-negative breast cancer patients with small tumors (T1, NO). The 219 stage I patients originated from two series and were diagnosed either from 1978 to 1981 or from 1981 to 1... | This study suggests that cytometric SPF has prognostic significance in stage I breast carcinoma. | yes |
8,363,400 | Is expression of p53 protein an early event in ultraviolet light-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"p53 Is known to be a tumor-suppressor gene and has been suggested to play an important role for multistep carcinogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To evaluate the role of ultraviolet light (UV) in p53 mutation in squamous cell carcinogenesis, paraffin-embedded sections of SCCs w... | These results indicate that UV acts as a mutagen for the p53 gene, and this event may occur at a relatively early stage of multistep UV carcinogenesis. | yes |
8,363,402 | Do serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma correlate with response to photopheresis-based treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) comprises a spectrum of presentations, including erythroderma, pruritus, lymphadenopathy, and circulating atypical lymphocytes. Photopheresis is an extracorporeal treatment in which white blood cell concentrates are subjected to UV irradiation when the serum metho... | Data preliminarily suggest that serum SIL2R levels may be useful indicators of disease activity in erythrodermic CTCL patients treated with photopheresis. | yes |
8,340,742 | Are hand abnormalities strongly associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the prevalence of hand abnormalities in diabetic patients and to evaluate associations between the hand abnormalities and diabetic variables, ergonomic factors and smoking habits.",
"Cross-sectional study of 100 patients selected at random. Setting. Out-patient clinic, Department of ... | The prevalence of hand abnormalities in diabetic patients is high and increases with the duration of diabetes. In many cases patients with hand abnormalities can be helped by surgery. | yes |
8,342,147 | Do small bowel transplantation and chronic rejection alter rat intestinal smooth muscle structure and function? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether morphologic and functional changes in intestinal smooth muscle occur after small bowel transplantation (SBTx) and during chronic rejection.",
"Orthotopic SBTx was performed in syngeneic (ACI-ACI, n = 6) and allogeneic (ACI-Lewis, n = 6) rat s... | Syngeneic SBTx resulted in a significant thickening of the muscularis externa with an apparent adaptation to control in vitro physiologic function. Allogeneic SBTx subject to chronic rejection leads to profound morphologic changes and functional impairments. Changes in muscle structure and function evolve before the cl... | yes |
8,342,143 | Do cultured keratinocyte allografts fail to induce sensitization in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of cultured keratinocyte (CK) allografts for burn wounds offers a potentially unlimited supply of skin. It is unknown, however, whether CK allografts induce rejection in vivo. This study investigated the induction of immune responsiveness to CK allografts as measured by mixed lymphocyte r... | CK allografts do not result in increased in vitro T cell responses or enhanced alloantibody formation, indicating that sensitization to major histocompatibility antigens by CK does not occur. These data suggest that CK allografts may provide a possible source of grafts for victims of large burn wounds. | yes |
8,363,165 | Does a linoleate-enriched cheese product reduce low-density lipoprotein in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the effect of substituting a modified-fat cheese product into the diets of hypercholesterolemic adults.",
"A 4-month, randomized, double-blind, crossover substitution trial.",
"General community outpatient study.",
"Twenty-six healthy adult volunteers (17 men, 9 women) with mo... | A linoleate-enriched cheese product, in the absence of any other changes in diet or habits, substituted into the normal diets of hypercholesterolemic adults reduced low-density lipoprotein and plasma cholesterol levels. | yes |
8,362,808 | Does the value of early treatment of deer tick bite for the prevention of Lyme disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if the early antibiotic treatment of deer tick bites prevented Lyme disease.",
"Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, antibiotic treatment.",
"Private practice in an area endemic for Lyme disease.",
"Patients between 3 and 19 years of age who received antibiotic ... | Based on the low frequency of illness, the absence of stage II disease, and the inability to establish the efficacy of early antibiotic treatment, we suggest that physicians not routinely use prophylactic antibiotics for deer tick bites. | yes |
8,342,839 | Does clonidine pretreatment reduce the systemic toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Clonidine prolongs the duration of sensory and motor block induced by bupivacaine, and this association, in constant infusion by the epidural route, is used for postoperative analgesia. After a near-fatal intravenous bolus of bupivacaine in dogs, clonidine improves ventricular electrophysiologic ... | In this model, clonidine given prophylactically delays the toxic manifestations of bupivacaine overdose and does not accentuate the subsequent hypotension. | yes |
8,342,831 | Does positive end-expiratory pressure lower the risk of laser-induced polyvinylchloride tracheal-tube fires? | {
"contexts": [
"The possibility of ignition of polyvinylchloride (PVC) tracheal tubes by a CO2 laser is of concern in patients undergoing CO2 laser surgery of the airway. The authors analyzed the ignition of PVC tracheal tubes by a CO2 laser beam to determine what variables were involved, and then designed a stu... | It is recommended that, in addition to other safety practices, PEEP be added to the breathing circuit during CO2 laser operations on the airway in which PVC tracheal tubes or laser-resistant tracheal tubes with PVC components are used. | yes |
8,343,314 | Does aspirin improve early arterial patency after streptokinase treatment for acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the hypothesis that the magnitude of the life saving effect of aspirin in the second international study of infarct survival (ISIS-2) trial cannot be explained solely by prevention of late reocclusion of the infarct related artery. The aim of this study was to discover whether or n... | The magnitude of the life saving effect of aspirin remains unexplained. Further investigation is needed into the mechanism of action of antiplatelet treatment in relation to thrombolytic treatment. | no |
8,368,226 | Does arterial underfilling cause sodium retention in cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis of sodium retention in cirrhosis. This states that sodium retention is triggered by arterial underfilling and predicts that development of sodium retention will be associated with significant and related declines in indices of arterial filli... | None of the indices of arterial filling tested except pulse pressure were related to sodium retention. Reduced pulse pressure is inconsistent with arterial underfilling, as peripheral vasodilation instead increases pulse pressure by increasing diastolic run-off. These data do not support the hypothesis that arterial un... | no |
8,353,881 | Is both increased and decreased platelet adhesion to thermally injured subendothelium caused by denaturation of von Willebrand factor? | {
"contexts": [
"Thermal angioplasty methods heat the arterial wall. We related platelet adhesion to the temperature to which subendothelium and purified adhesive proteins had been exposed.",
"Cultured subendothelium, purified von Willebrand factor, collagen types I and III, or fibronectin was applied to glas... | In vitro platelet adhesion to human subendothelium is reduced by more than 50% after heating it briefly to more than 74 degrees C. Temperatures in excess of 80 degrees C reduce platelet adhesion by at least 85%. Thermal denaturation of von Willebrand factor is responsible not only for the decreased thrombogenicity abov... | yes |
8,350,431 | Does alloxan diabetes alter the rabbit transarterial wall oxygen gradient? | {
"contexts": [
"Atherosclerotic vascular occlusive disease is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and accounts for 75% of deaths in diabetic patients. Determining the initiator and continuing stimulus for the cellular events in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic patients could lea... | These findings suggest that diabetes induces arterial wall hypoxia independent of insulin therapy and before the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Diabetes-induced arterial wall hypoxia may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. | yes |
8,359,648 | Are 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors involved in the initiation of gastric phase-3 motor activity in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists inhibit gastric phase-3 motor activity in the dog. This study examined the role of 5-HT3 receptors in the generation of gastric phase 3 of the migrating motor complex in humans.",
"Interdigestive motor activity was recorded manometrically in ... | Selective antagonism of 5-HT3 receptors suppresses the gastric component of phase-3 motor activity and simultaneously suppresses plasma motilin peaks. The results suggest that the suppression of gastric activity fronts is achieved via the suppression of plasma motilin peaks because in the presence of ondansetron a moti... | yes |
8,359,641 | Does inhibition of glucose absorption by phlorizin affect intestinal functions in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the mechanism of regulation of intestinal disaccharidase activity and glucose absorption, the effect of dietary intake of phlorizin, a potent and specific inhibitor of intestinal glucose transport, on intestinal disaccharidase activity and Na(+)-dependent glucose transporter was ex... | Dietary phlorizin increased the jejunal disaccharidase activity and Na(+)-dependent glucose transporter expression. The trigger for these changes may have been due to an increased luminal glucose content. | yes |
8,354,981 | Does low-dose warfarin decrease coagulability without affecting prothrombin complex activity? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the efficacy of a fixed, low dose of warfarin in lowering factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) and to investigate the effects on the plasma coagulation cascade.",
"An open pilot study with two dose levels of warfarin: 1.25 and 2.5 mg day-1 during two consecutive 4-week periods. Al... | Warfarin 1.25 mg day-1 seems to exert an anticoagulant effect without reduction in PT or the natural anticoagulant protein C and is suggested, in combination with aspirin, to be a safe and simple therapy against arterial thrombotic disease, making regular PT controls unnecessary. | yes |
8,363,074 | Does sufentanil increase intracranial pressure in patients with head trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"Sufentanil is an intravenous opioid often used as a component of anesthesia during neurosurgical procedures. However, the effects of sufentanil on intracranial pressure in patients with diminished intracranial compliance are not well established, and remain controversial.",
"Ten patients with... | The results of the current study indicate that caution should be exercised in the administration of sufentanil bolus to patients with abnormal intracranial elastance, particularly if ICP is significantly increased. | yes |
8,363,075 | Do desflurane and isoflurane have similar effects on cerebral blood flow in patients with intracranial mass lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"Before desflurane is advocated for patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures, it is necessary to determine the effect of desflurane on cerebral blood flow (CBF). In this study, CBF values are compared between desflurane and isoflurane at two doses. In addition, CBF reactivity to CO2 and the ef... | Desflurane and isoflurane are similar in terms of absolute CBF, the response to increasing doses, and the preservation of CO2 reactivity. | yes |
8,363,070 | Is the threshold for thermoregulatory vasoconstriction during nitrous oxide/isoflurane anesthesia lower in elderly than in young patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction minimizes further core hypothermia during anesthesia. Elderly patients become more hypothermic during surgery than do younger patients, and take longer to rewarm postoperatively. These data indicate that perianesthetic thermoregulatory responses may be especially... | These data indicate that thermoregulatory responses in the elderly are initiated at temperatures approximately 1.2 degrees C less than that in younger patients. Thus, it is likely that elderly surgical patients become more hypothermic than do younger patients, at least in part, because they fail to trigger protective t... | yes |
8,363,079 | Are clonidine and ketanserin both effective treatment for postanesthetic shivering? | {
"contexts": [
"Although meperidine is an effective treatment of postanesthetic shivering, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Investigation of other drugs might help clarify the mechanisms by which shivering can be controlled. Accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic ag... | Clonidine (150 micrograms) and ketanserin (10 mg) both are effective treatment for postanesthetic shivering. The effect of clonidine on shivering is dose-dependent: whereas 37.5 micrograms had no effect, 75 micrograms clonidine stopped shivering within 5 min. | yes |
8,369,351 | Does heat sterilization of fluids for peritoneal dialysis give rise to aldehydes? | {
"contexts": [
"To chemically identify and quantify glucose degradation products in heat sterilized fluids for peritoneal dialysis.",
"Three different brands of commercial PD-fluids and one laboratory made fluid, sterilized either by heat or filtration, were investigated for the presence of aldehydes.",
... | The heat sterilization of commercial PD-fluids gives rise to several aldehydes which may contribute to adverse effects of PD-fluids on patients. | yes |
8,342,800 | Does a focal cryogenic brain lesion reduce the minimum alveolar concentration for halothane in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"A focal cortical cryogenic brain injury has been reported to reduce the brain pentobarbital concentrations needed to prevent movement in response to pain in rats. This occurred despite any apparent behavioral changes in the awake animals. To determine whether this was true with other anesthetics,... | These results indicate that a focal cortical brain injury that has no obvious neurologic or behavioral effects in the awake rat does not alter halothane requirements. | no |
8,370,300 | Does sucralfate reduce the risk of acid aspiration pneumonitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the pulmonary effects of aspirating a mixture of sucralfate in water and sucralfate in hydrochloric acid in an animal model of aspiration pneumonia.",
"Prospective, randomized, controlled study with repeated measures.",
"University research laboratory.",
"Thirty-two in situ, ... | Sucralfate has minimal acid buffering effect. Aspiration of sucralfate mixed with distilled water causes lung edema similar to aspiration of water alone. Aspiration of a sucralfate-water suspension mixed with hydrochloric acid causes severe lung edema. These results suggest that patients given sucralfate prophylaxis fo... | no |
8,362,429 | Are silent infarcts in patients with ischemic stroke related to age and size of the left atrium? | {
"contexts": [
"Possible specific risk factors for silent infarcts remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether risk factors for silent infarcts differ from those for symptomatic infarcts in stroke patients.",
"Silent infarcts were defined as asymptomatic infarcts detected on computed tom... | Age and left atrial enlargement are the main risk factors for silent infarcts in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks. | yes |
8,370,132 | Does melatonin stimulate growth hormone secretion through pathways other than the growth hormone-releasing hormone? | {
"contexts": [
"There is evidence that melatonin plays a role in the regulation of GH secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroendocrine mechanisms by which melatonin modulates GH secretion. Thus we assessed the effect of oral melatonin on the GH responses to GHRH administration and compared ... | Our data indicate that oral administration of melatonin to normal human males increases basal GH release and GH responsiveness to GHRH through the same pathways as pyridostigmine. Therefore it is likely that melatonin plays this facilitatory role at the hypothalamic level by inhibiting endogenous somatostatin release, ... | yes |
8,365,297 | Does magnesium bolus or infusion fail to improve expiratory flow in acute asthma exacerbations? | {
"contexts": [
"Intravenous magnesium sulfate improves objective measures of expiratory flow in patients with acute severe exacerbations of asthma.",
"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Urban emergency department.",
"Forty-eight asthmatic patients aged 18 to 60 years with initial ... | Use of IV magnesium sulfate in addition to standard therapy does not provide clinically meaningful improvement of objective measures of expiratory flow in patients with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations. | yes |
8,363,755 | Does phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provide evidence for multiple genotypes? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the extent of genetic variation among internationally collected HIV-1 isolates, to analyse phylogenetic relationships and the geographic distribution of different variants.",
"Phylogenetic comparison of 70 HIV-1 isolates collected in 15 countries on four continents.",
"To seq... | The genetic variation among HIV-1 isolates is more extensive than previously appreciated. At least seven distinct HIV-1 genotypes can be identified. Diversification, migration and establishment of local, temporal 'blooms' of particular variants may all occur concomitantly. | yes |
8,363,756 | Does protection of monkeys by a split vaccine against SIVmac depend upon biological properties of the challenge virus? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of the anti-cellular immune response in the protection of rhesus macaques against infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac. To determine the biological differences between SIV challenge stocks grown either on human T-cell lines or on monkey peripheral blood ... | Neither the antibody nor the proliferative T-cell response to SIVmac correlates with protection from virus challenge. In contrast to SIVmac251/32H grown on C8166 cells, the MPBMC-grown challenge virus SIVmac251 appears to belong to the 'rapid-high' phenotype, possibly explaining the lack of protection against this SIV. | yes |
8,344,852 | Does expression of p210 bcr/abl increase hematopoietic progenitor cell radiosensitivity? | {
"contexts": [
"The cytogenetic finding of the Ph1+ chromosome and its molecular biologic marker bcr/abl gene rearrangement in cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are associated with a proliferative advantage of the Ph1+ clone in vivo. Although the transition to the acute terminal phase or blastic ... | These data suggest a role for bcr/abl p210 in amplifying gamma-irradiation DNA damage or broadly inhibiting DNA repair, conditions that may stimulate further cytogenetic alterations in hematopoietic cells. | yes |
8,348,503 | Does interferon-alpha-2b enhance the natural killer activity of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder? | {
"contexts": [
"Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is associated with alterations in the immune system of the host. The authors demonstrated that in patients with bladder carcinoma there is a negative correlation between the levels of natural killer (NK) activity and the clinical evolution and path... | Recombinant IFN-alpha can enhance the nonmajor histocompatibility-restricted cytotoxic activity of PBMNC from patients with TCC of the bladder. | yes |
17,290,046 | Is cD48 critically involved in allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite ongoing research, the molecular mechanisms controlling asthma are still elusive. CD48 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein involved in lymphocyte adhesion, activation, and costimulation. Although CD48 is widely expressed on hematopoietic cells and commonly studied in the con... | Our results suggest that CD48 is critically involved in allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. As such, CD48 may provide a new potential target for the suppression of asthma. | yes |
17,288,744 | Does initial motor impairment influence activation pattern of motor recovery? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation pattern of a motor task in patients with acute subcortical lesions to examine the relationship between activation pattern and recovery of motor impairment.",
"Five patients (one with subcortical infarction and four wi... | Our study demonstrates that the fMRI pattern varies according to functional recovery, suggesting the importance of the ipsilateral premotor area and postcentral gyrus especially for those patients with severe motor impairment initially. | yes |
17,270,628 | Is prostate volume strongest predictor of cancer diagnosis at transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy with prostate-specific antigen values between 2.0 and 9.0 ng/mL? | {
"contexts": [
"Data have suggested benign prostatic hyperplasia, and not cancer, as the major reason for elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values between 2.0 and 9.0 ng/mL. If this hypothesis were correct, within these ranges, a smaller prostate volume would be a stronger predictor of cancer than the PSA... | When the PSA level is in the 2.0 to 9.0 ng/mL range, a smaller prostate volume is the strongest predictor of cancer detection. These data support previous studies suggesting the amount of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and not cancer, as the major factor responsible for elevated PSA. | yes |
17,299,118 | Is twenty-four-hour ghrelin elevated after calorie restriction and exercise training in non-obese women? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic energy deficiency achieved with caloric restriction combined with exercise is associated with changes in the 24-hour profile of ghrelin in non-obese, pre-menopausal women.",
"Twelve non-obese (BMI = 18 to 25 kg/m(2)), non-exercising w... | Changes in ghrelin concentrations across the day after weight loss are closely associated with other physiological adaptations to energy deficiency, further supporting the role of ghrelin as a countermeasure to restore energy balance. | yes |
17,299,116 | Does higher protein intake preserve lean mass and satiety with weight loss in pre-obese and obese women? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of dietary protein and obesity classification on energy-restriction-induced changes in weight, body composition, appetite, mood, and cardiovascular and kidney health.",
"Forty-six women, ages 28 to 80, BMI 26 to 37 kg/m(2), followed a 12-week 750-kcal/d energy-deficit d... | Consuming a higher-protein diet and accomplishing weight loss before becoming obese help women preserve LBM. Use of a higher-protein diet also improves perceptions of satiety and pleasure during energy restriction. | yes |
17,299,113 | Are resistin polymorphisms associated with muscle , bone , and fat phenotypes in white men and women? | {
"contexts": [
"The biological function of resistin (RST) is unknown, although it may have roles in obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human RST gene on muscle, bone, and adipose tissue phenotypes and ... | These data support previous identified associations of RST with adipose tissue and demonstrate additional associations with bone and skeletal muscle that warrant further investigation. | yes |
17,276,438 | Is carotid intima-media thickness inversely associated with olive oil consumption? | {
"contexts": [
"Intima-media thickness (IMT) is a valid marker for generalized vascular disease whose main risk factors are associated with food habits and lifestyle. A Mediterranean food pattern may have a protective effect on cardiovascular mortality.",
"To assess the relationship between carotid IMT and o... | The inverse association between the olive oil consumption and the carotid IMT could suggest a protective role of olive oil against the development of carotid atherosclerosis in persons at high cardiovascular risk. | yes |
17,276,435 | Do uterine leiomyomas express a molecular pattern that lowers retinoic acid exposure? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze expression of the retinoic acid signaling pathway genes that are involved in retinol metabolism, transport, transcriptional activation, and transcriptional products in spontaneous human leiomyomas.",
"Laboratory study of human leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrial tissue.",
... | Molecular alterations in the retinoic acid pathway of leiomyomata result in a decrease in retinoic acid exposure. | yes |
17,298,169 | Are von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated hemangioblastomas derived from embryologic multipotent cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the origin of the neoplastic cell in central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and its role in tumor formation and distribution, we characterized and differentiated neoplastic cells from hemangioblastomas removed from VHL patients.",
"A tot... | The neoplastic cell of origin for CNS hemangioblastomas in VHL patients is the mesoderm-derived, embryologically arrested hemangioblast. The hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation potential of these cells can be reactivated under suitable conditions. These findings may also explain the unique tissue distribution... | yes |
17,290,486 | Are [ COX-2 and HO-1 involved in the delayed preconditioning elicited by bradykinin in rat hearts ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are involved in the bradykinin-induced delayed protection.",
"Cardiac contractility, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and infarct area were analyzed in isolated rat hearts undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by ... | The results indicate that activation of HO-1 and COX-2 might be involved in the delayed cardioprotection evoked by bradykinin, and mitoK(ATP) channel may serve as both a trigger and a mediator in the cardioprotection. | yes |
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