pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
26,865,549 | Does miR-21 promote fibrosis in an acute cardiac allograft transplantation model? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac transplantation is the only curative therapy for end-stage heart failure. Fibrosis is one of the major causes for impaired function of cardiac allografts. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, play a critical role in the development of cardiovascular disease, but the role of microR... | Thus, inhibition of miR-21 is a novel strategy to target fibrosis development in cardiac allografts. | yes |
26,860,609 | Is gastroesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitor use associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis : a nationwide population-based analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. The risk of hip fracture is not increased in GERD patients with PPI use.",
"The relationship between GERD with PPI treatment and the risk of osteoporosis is unclea... | GERD with PPI use is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. The findings of our study do not support an increased risk of hip fracture in GERD patients treated with a PPI. | yes |
26,849,025 | Are bile ductal injury and ductular reaction frequent phenomena with different significance in autoimmune hepatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The significance of bile duct injury and ductular reaction in biopsies from autoimmune hepatitis patients is not clear. We aim to establish the prevalence and clinical relevance of both phenomena in autoimmune hepatitis.",
"Cases of newly diagnosed, untreated autoimmune hepatitis without over... | Bile duct injury and ductular reaction are very common in newly diagnosed autoimmune hepatitis and cannot be predicted biochemically. Bile duct injury may subside in the majority of treated AIH cases while DR tends to persist during follow up. These findings show that the two phenomena are part of the spectrum of AIH w... | yes |
26,848,993 | Does short-term high salt intake reduce brachial artery and microvascular function in the absence of changes in blood pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that short-term high salt intake reduces macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function in the absence of changes in blood pressure and to determine whether acute exercise restores endothelial function after high salt in women.",
"Twelv... | These data suggest that high salt intake reduces brachial artery endothelial function and switches the mediator of vasodilation in the microcirculation to a non-nitric oxide-dependent mechanism in healthy adults and acute exercise may switch the dilator mechanism back to nitric oxide during high salt diet. | yes |
26,851,021 | Does loss of SFRP1 Expression be Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1) is a well-known inhibitor of the wingless type (WNT)-β-catenin signaling pathway and its inactivation plays an important role in the development and progression of various types of cancer. However, the clinical significance of SFRP1 expression in patien... | SFRP1 may play a role in the development and progression of HCC. Therefore, more studies are required to investigate a potential role of SFRP1 in HCC prognosis. | yes |
26,859,615 | Does expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C vary During Lactation? | {
"contexts": [
"Women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer postpartum have a worse prognosis, stage for stage, than other women with breast cancer. The time of breast involution is tumor promotional. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is upregulated during involution in animal models and pr... | The inverse correlation with TGFβ2 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated. | yes |
26,857,798 | Do procoagulant microparticles promote coagulation in a factor XI-dependent manner in human endotoxemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Essentials The procoagulant effects of microparticles (MPs) on coagulation in endotoxemia are not known. MPs from endotoxemia volunteers were evaluated for procoagulant activity in a plasma milieu. MPs from endotoxemia volunteers shortened clotting times and enhanced thrombin generation. MP proco... | Background Human endotoxemia is characterized by acute inflammation and activation of coagulation, as well as increased numbers of circulating microparticles (MPs). Whether these MPs directly promote coagulation and through which pathway their actions are mediated, however, has not been fully explored. Objectives In th... | yes |
26,863,578 | Does blind Compressed Sensing enable 3-Dimensional Dynamic Free Breathing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lung Volumes and Diaphragm Motion? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of dynamic 3-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lung volumes and diaphragm motion. To achieve this goal, we evaluate the utility of the proposed blind compressed sensing (BCS) algorithm to recover da... | The feasibility of the BCS scheme was demonstrated for dynamic 3D free breathing MRI of lung volumes and diaphragm motion. A temporal resolution of ∼500 milliseconds, spatial resolution of 2.7 × 2.7 × 10 mm, with whole lung coverage (16 slices) was achieved using the BCS scheme. | yes |
26,869,391 | Does fructose consumption induce hypomethylation of hepatic mitochondrial DNA in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Fructose may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the pathogenic mechanism of the fructose-induced MetS has not yet been investigated fully. Recently, several reports have investigated the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and MetS. We examine... | We showed that fructose consumption stimulates hepatic mtDNA-encoded gene expression. This phenomenon might be due to epigenetic changes in mtDNA. Fructose-induced mitochondrial epigenetic changes appear to be a novel mechanism underlying the pathology of MetS and NAFLD. | yes |
26,879,529 | Do integrated intracellular metabolic profiling and pathway analysis approaches reveal complex metabolic regulation by Clostridium acetobutylicum? | {
"contexts": [
"Clostridium acetobutylicum is one of the most important butanol producing strains. However, environmental stress in the fermentation process usually leads to a lower yield, seriously hampering its industrialization. In order to systematically investigate the key intracellular metabolites that inf... | The feeding experiment confirmed that metabolic profiling combined with pathway analysis provided an accurate, reasonable and practical approach to explore the cellular metabolic activity and supplied a basis for improving butanol production. These strategies can also be extended for the production of other important b... | yes |
26,854,797 | Is capsule endoscopy useful diagnostic tool for diagnosing Meckel 's diverticulum? | {
"contexts": [
"Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Although a majority of patients remain asymptomatic, complications may occur in a subset of patients. MD is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in adults. We aimed to clarify the possible r... | MD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure GIB in adults. CE is an effective and promising modality for diagnosing MD in patients with obscure GIB. | yes |
16,540,549 | Are progression of radiographic joint damage in different eras : trends towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis attributable to improved treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Severity of rheumatoid arthritis and progression of radiographic joint damage have decreased over the last decades.",
"To examine whether this trend is attributable to an underlying trend towards milder disease or to improved treatment.",
"The study used an inception cohort of patients wi... | These results suggest that the observed trend towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to more effective antirheumatic treatment and not to a secular trend. | yes |
16,540,548 | Is citrullination an inflammation-dependent process? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the presence of citrullinated proteins in inflammatory conditions and in clinically non-affected tissues of controls.",
"Synovial biopsy specimens from 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 10 healthy controls were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, muscle tissue... | Citrullination is present in a wide range of inflammatory tissues, suggesting that this process is inflammation dependent rather than disease dependent. | yes |
16,531,893 | Does chronic administration of anabolic androgenic steroid alter murine thyroid function? | {
"contexts": [
"The administration of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) to improve athletic performance has increased notably during the past three decades, even among nonathletes. Thyroid function is affected by AAS use in humans, although the mechanisms of the effects of AAS are unclear. We evaluated the effe... | Our data indicate that DECA exerts direct actions on the thyroid gland and in the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones and might lead to thyroid dysfunction. | yes |
16,558,612 | Are clinical Experiences Predictive of Outcomes on the NATABOC Examination? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the efficacy of the National Athletic Trainers' Association Board of Certification (NATABOC) clinical experience requirements and individual student characteristics to predict candidate outcomes on the NATABOC certification examination.",
"For all subjects, we gathered survey inf... | Gaining clinical experience hours in excess of 400 hours beyond the 800-or 1500-hour requirement may yield no greater benefit for an entry-level professional than less time. The quality, rather than the quantity, of clinical experiences should be evaluated. More emphasis should be placed on the achievement of an entry ... | no |
16,558,610 | Do external nasal dilator strips affect treadmill performance in subjects wearing mouthguards? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of the Breathe Right (BR) external nasal dilator strip on treadmill exercise performed while wearing an upper maxillary mouthguard.",
"Two-way repeated-measures design with subjects acting as their own controls. Subjects performed 2 randomly assigned bouts of increment... | Our results suggest that the BR nasal dilator strip does not affect treadmill exercise performance in subjects wearing mouthguards. | no |
16,543,492 | Does 12/15 lipoxygenase mediate monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice through activation of RhoA and NF-kappaB? | {
"contexts": [
"12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15LO) has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation and atherosclerosis. In the current study, we identified mechanisms through which 12/15LO mediates monocyte:endothelial interactions in vivo in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoEKO), a well-characterized mouse model... | We conclude that 12/15LO products activate endothelial rhoA and PKCalpha. Activation of rhoA and PKCalpha cause activation and translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus, which, in turn, results in induction of ICAM-1. Induction of ICAM-1 on aortic endothelium stimulates monocyte:endothelial adhesion in vivo in apoEKO m... | yes |
16,537,183 | Are renin-angiotensin system-regulating aminopeptidase activities modified in the pineal gland of rats with breast cancer induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea? | {
"contexts": [
"Pineal function has been considered particularly as a neuroendocrine modulator in hormone responsive tumors, like the hormone-dependent mammary tumors. The complexity of the gland function, moreover, is denoted by the presence of a local renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) that regulates melatonin bio... | We propose that the local RAS in pineal gland is modified in rats with breast cancer induced by NMU through the inhibition of AspAP activity, which may lead to increased levels of Ang II. Ang II could be responsible of the overproduction of melatonin, supporting a mechanism to restrain the promotion and/or progression ... | yes |
16,540,871 | Do computer-assisted algorithms improve reliability of King classification and Cobb angle measurement of scoliosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Interobserver and intraobserver reliability study of improved method to evaluate radiographs of patients with scoliosis.",
"To determine the reliability of a computer-assisted measurement protocol for evaluating Cobb angle and King et al classification.",
"Evaluation of scoliosis radiogra... | Variability of Cobb measurements compares favorably with previously published series. The classification was more reliable than achieved by unassisted observers evaluating the same radiographs. The same principles may be applicable to other radiographic measurement and evaluation procedures. | yes |
16,540,876 | Are differences in sitting postures associated with nonspecific chronic low back pain disorders when patients are subclassified? | {
"contexts": [
"A comparative study.",
"To investigate sitting postures of asymptomatic individuals and nonspecific chronic low back pain (NS-CLBP) patients (pooled and subclassified) and evaluate the importance of subclassification.",
"Currently, little evidence exists to support the hypothesis that CLB... | Differences in usual sitting posture were only revealed when NS-CLBP patients were subclassified. This highlights the importance of subclassifying NS-CLBP patients. | yes |
16,540,874 | Do worker recovery expectations and fear-avoidance predict work disability in a population-based workers ' compensation back pain sample? | {
"contexts": [
"Prospective, population-based cohort study.",
"To examine whether worker demographic, pain, disability, and psychosocial variables, assessed soon after work-related back pain disability onset, predict 6-month work disability.",
"Greater age, pain, and physical disability, and certain psyc... | Among individuals with acute work-related back pain, high pain and disability, low recovery expectations, and fears that work may increase pain or cause harm are risk factors for chronic work disability. | yes |
16,556,784 | Are serum concentrations of two biochemical markers of brain tissue damage S-100B and neurone specific enolase increased in elite female soccer players after a competitive game? | {
"contexts": [
"It is a matter of debate whether or not ordinary heading of the ball in soccer causes injury to brain tissue.",
"To analyse concentrations of the biochemical markers of brain tissue damage S-100B and neurone specific enolase (NSE) in serum of female elite soccer players in association with a ... | The concentrations of both S-100B and NSE were increased by game associated activities and events. The increases in S-100B concentration were significantly related to the number of headers and other trauma events, which indicates that both these factors may have contributed to these increases. | yes |
16,538,543 | Is diet quality directly associated with quality of life in breast cancer survivors? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether there is a direct relationship between diet quality and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.",
"Subjects (n = 714) were members of the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle study, a study of breast cancer prognosis conducted in three areas of the western United S... | Post-diagnosis diet quality is directly associated with subsequent mental and physical functioning in breast cancer survivors. This association is stronger for mental functioning than for physical functioning. The association remains strong after control for potential confounding variables. | yes |
16,541,164 | Is [ The monolingual Sámi population less satisfied with the primary health care ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to describe patient satisfaction in general practice among the Sámi monolingual population, as compared with the Norwegian population.",
"The data was collected in 2002-2004 through a health survey in communities with Sámi and Norwegian population, SAMINOR. The a... | These results indicated that physicians' knowledge of the Sámi language is important for patient satisfaction in this region. | yes |
16,542,128 | Does gender and acculturation influence on physical activity in Latino adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies examining physical activity levels have used samples primarily composed of non-Latino Whites and have focused on leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Additionally, few studies have investigated differences in physical activity between Latino men and Latina women, or the relationship bet... | These results suggest that gender differences in physical activity are present among Latinos and that acculturation may be a correlate of various types of physical activity. | yes |
16,545,474 | Are patients with a favourable prognosis equally palliated with single and multiple fraction radiotherapy : results on survival in the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study? | {
"contexts": [
"In the prospectively, randomized Dutch Bone Metastasis Study on the effect of a single fraction of 8 Gy versus 24 Gy in six fractions on painful bone metastases, 28% of the patients survived for more than 1 year. Purpose of the present study was to analyze the palliative effect of radiotherapy in... | Single fraction radiotherapy should be the standard dose schedule for all patients with painful bone metastases, including patients with an expected favourable survival. General prognosticators as the Karnofsky Performance Score and metastatic tumour load are useful in predicting survival. | yes |
16,551,394 | Is high quality acute care for the severely injured consistently available in England , Wales and Northern Ireland : report of a survey by the Trauma Committee , The Royal College of Surgeons of England? | {
"contexts": [
"A survey was undertaken to determine the extent to which acute hospitals in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were meeting the acute trauma management standards published in 2000 by The Royal College of Surgeons of England and the British Orthopaedic Association.",
"A questionnaire comprisi... | The findings of this survey suggest that high quality care for the severely injured is not available consistently across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and appear to justify concerns about the ability of the NHS to deal effectively with the current trauma workload and the consequences of a major incident. | no |
16,555,534 | Is [ Diseases and illnesses for which help sought from traditional healers in Mexico City ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this paper is to describe the main reasons why people consult traditional healers in Mexico City.",
"The narrative of 16 traditional healers and 22 users of this type of medicine is the main source of information. This study used a qualitative approach. The field work was carried o... | The information analyzed in this paper indicates that diverse reasons exist which explain not only the survival of traditional medicine, but also its importance in present life,where science and technology have obtained outstanding results, but biomedical medicine has forgotten the complexity of daily human life and th... | yes |
16,551,857 | Does computer-assisted analysis of biopsy specimen microvessels predict the outcome of esophageal cancers treated with chemoradiotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"A computer-assisted microvessel analysis system was developed to evaluate correlations between the architecture of biopsy specimen microvessels and the outcome for patients with esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy.",
"Biopsy specimens from 51 patients with esophageal cancer (T(2-... | Computer-assisted tumor microvessel analysis is a powerful tool in predicting the outcome for patients with esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy because intraobserver and interobserver variability is minimized. | yes |
16,551,852 | Does neosquamous epithelium typically arise from Barrett 's epithelium? | {
"contexts": [
"Neosquamous epithelium (NSE) can arise within Barrett's esophagus as a consequence of medical or surgical acid reduction therapy, as well as after endoscopic ablation. Morphologic studies have suggested that NSE can develop from adjacent squamous epithelium, submucosal gland ducts, or multipotent... | Our mutational data support the hypothesis that, in most circumstances, NSE originates in cells different from those responsible for self-renewal of Barrett's epithelium. However, in one case, NSE and Barrett's epithelium seem to have arisen from a progenitor cell that was capable of differentiating into either intesti... | no |
16,551,424 | Does the rectal administration of lignocaine gel and periprostatic lignocaine infiltration during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy provide effective analgesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy (TRUS) is the standard procedure to diagnose or exclude prostate cancer. This procedure can be associated with significant discomfort, both on insertion of the ultrasound probe as well as on taking the biopsy. We evaluated a new technique for p... | The use of lignocaine gel prior to probe insertion and periprostatic infiltration of lignocaine before taking the needle biopsy significantly reduces the pain experienced by the patient during TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. | yes |
16,536,769 | Are lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction highly prevalent in ageing men? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate a possible correlation between the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) in an unselected population of men presenting to a clinic, as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are highly prevalent in ageing ... | There was a close correlation between the IPSS and SHIM in this unselected population of men, adding evidence favouring a close association between LUTS and ED. | yes |
16,532,511 | Does novel two-stage screening procedure lead to the identification of a new class of transfection enhancers? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-viral gene transfer efficiency is low as compared to viral vector systems. Here we describe the discovery of new drugs that are capable of enhancing non-viral gene transfer into mammalian cells using a novel two-stage screening procedure.",
"First, potential candidates are preselected fro... | Non-viral gene transfer efficiency can be increased significantly using new transfection enhancers that are identified by a novel, semi-automated two-stage screening system employing yeast cells in the first and specific human target cells in the second round. | yes |
16,532,510 | Do immune responses to AAV in a phase I study for Canavan disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Canavan disease is a rare leukodystrophy with no current treatment. rAAV-ASPA has been developed for gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) for Canavan disease. This study represents the first use of a viral vector in an attempt to ameliorate a neurodegenerative disorder.",
"Subjec... | rAAV2 vector administration to the human CNS appears well tolerated. The low levels of immune response to AAV2 detected in 3/10 subjects in this study suggest at this dose and with intraparenchymal administration this approach is relatively safe. Long-term monitoring of subjects and expansion to phase II/III will be ne... | yes |
16,542,294 | Does phenotype-stratified genetic linkage study demonstrate that IBD2 is an extensive ulcerative colitis locus? | {
"contexts": [
"The complete elucidation of genetic variants that contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will likely include variants that increase risk to both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as well as variants that increase risk for particular phenotypic subsets. The purpose of this study was t... | Analyses incorporating disease location in IBD increase the power and enhance the accuracy of genomic localization. Our data provide strong evidence that extensive ulcerative colitis represents a pathophysiologic subset of IBD. | yes |
16,533,086 | Does rib torque assist resting tidal expiration or most conversational speech expiration? | {
"contexts": [
"This research note discusses a common misconception in speech science and speech-language pathology textbooks that rib torque (i.e., rotational stress) assists resting tidal expiration and conversational speech production.",
"The nature of this misconception is considered."
],
"labels": [... | An alternate conceptualization is offered that is consistent with knowledge from respiratory biomechanics. | no |
16,534,530 | Are circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 elevated in human obese subjects and associated with obesity-related parameters? | {
"contexts": [
"Chemotactic cytokines, referred to as chemokines, play an important role in leukocyte trafficking. The circulating levels of chemokines have been shown to increase in inflammatory processes including obesity-related pathologies (e.g. atherosclerosis and diabetes). However, little is currently kno... | Our data demonstrated that the circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are related to obesity-related parameters such as BMI, waist circumference, CRP, IL-6, HOMA and HDL-cholesterol. These findings suggest that the circulating MCP-1 and/or IL-8 may be a potential candidate linking obesity with obesity-related metabolic c... | yes |
16,540,965 | Does hyperoxic ventilation increase the tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia in anesthetized pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the impact of prophylactic hyperoxic ventilation with Fio2 0.6 on the physiologic limit of acute normovolemic anemia.",
"Prospective, controlled, randomized experimental study.",
"Experimental animal laboratory of a university hospital.",
"Fourteen anesthetized domestic... | During cell-free volume replacement, hyperoxic ventilation with Fio2 0.6 generates a readily usable plasmatic oxygen reserve and thereby increases the tolerance toward acute normovolemic anemia. | yes |
16,540,966 | Do combined burn and smoke inhalation injury impairs ovine hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of combined burn and smoke inhalation injury on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, 3-nitrotyrosine formation, and respiratory function in adult sheep.",
"Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, single-blinded trial.",
"University research laboratory.",
"Tw... | This study provides evidence for a severe impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction following combined burn and smoke inhalation injury. In addition to airway obstruction, the loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction may help to explain why blood gases are within physiologic ranges for a certain time postinjur... | yes |
16,540,963 | Does passive leg raising predict fluid responsiveness in the critically ill? | {
"contexts": [
"Passive leg raising (PLR) represents a \"self-volume challenge\" that could predict fluid response and might be useful when the respiratory variation of stroke volume cannot be used for that purpose. We hypothesized that the hemodynamic response to PLR predicts fluid responsiveness in mechanicall... | The changes in aortic blood flow induced by PLR predict preload responsiveness in ventilated patients, whereas with arrhythmias and spontaneous breathing activity, respiratory variations of arterial pulse pressure poorly predict preload responsiveness. | yes |
16,534,109 | Does mRS show abnormalities before symptoms in familial Alzheimer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Pathologic change in Alzheimer disease (AD) begins some years before symptoms. MRS has the potential to detect metabolic abnormalities reflecting this early pathologic change. Presenilin 1 (PS1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation carriers have a nearly 100% risk of developing AD and may... | Metabolic changes are detectable in presymptomatic mutation carriers years before expected onset of Alzheimer disease. Their magnitude is related to proximity of expected age at onset. | yes |
16,552,014 | Do radiologic estimation of hematoma volume in intracerebral hemorrhage trial by CT scan? | {
"contexts": [
"Therapeutic intervention during the early stages of an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) might have value in improving clinical outcomes. During the 73-site International Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial, CT techniques were used to monitor the change in hematoma volume... | These CT assessments of lesions could have value in future early hemostatic interventions in ICH patients. | yes |
16,546,581 | Is psoriasis associated with lipid abnormalities at the onset of skin disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Psoriasis appears to have increased cardiovascular morbidity. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Multiple factors, including systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, aberrant lipid profile, and concomitant established risk factors, have been discussed. However, previous studie... | The response rate among control subjects was low. However, an additional analysis of a random subset of nonresponders demonstrated no substantial differences in the main results. | yes |
16,558,532 | Does pulsed ultrasound fail to diminish delayed-onset muscle soreness symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the effects of pulsed ultrasound on swelling, muscle soreness perception, relaxed-elbow extension angle, and muscular strength.",
"Eight sets of concentric and eccentric actions induced delayed-onset muscle soreness of the elbow flexors. Group 1 received 20% pulsed ultrasound ... | Pulsed ultrasound as used in this study did not significantly diminish the effects of delayed-onset muscle soreness on soreness perception, swelling, relaxed-elbow extension angle, and strength. | yes |
16,558,531 | Does contrast therapy cause fluctuations in human gastrocnemius intramuscular temperature? | {
"contexts": [
"Contrast therapy has a long history of use in sports medicine. Edema and ecchymosis reduction, vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, blood flow changes, and influences on the inflammatory response are physiologic effects attributed to the ability of this modality to evoke tissue tem... | Contrast therapy did not lead to significant fluctuations in muscle tissue temperature at 4 cm below the skin's surface. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the physiologic effects attributed to these fluctuations occur. A 1-minute exposure to a cold whirlpool during a typical contrast treatment does not appear to be lon... | no |
16,546,625 | Is allopregnanolone , a progesterone metabolite , more effective than progesterone in reducing cortical infarct volume after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion? | {
"contexts": [
"We compare the effects of postinjury administration of allopregnanolone, a metabolite of progesterone, to progesterone in an animal model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.",
"Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in age-matched, adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats by using an intralum... | Although progesterone and allopregnanolone are effective in reducing infarct pathology, allopregnanolone is more potent than progesterone in attenuating cortical damage. Our results suggest that both neurosteroids should be examined for safety and efficacy in a clinical trial for ischemic stroke. | yes |
16,530,506 | Is biofeedback superior to laxatives for normal transit constipation due to pelvic floor dyssynergia? | {
"contexts": [
"Uncontrolled trials suggest biofeedback is an effective treatment for pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD), a type of constipation defined by paradoxical contraction, or inability to relax, pelvic floor muscles during defecation. The aim was to compare biofeedback to laxatives plus education.",
"Pa... | Five biofeedback sessions are more effective than continuous polyethylene glycol for treating PFD, and benefits last at least 2 years. Biofeedback should become the treatment of choice for this common and easily diagnosed type of constipation. | yes |
16,544,163 | Do mid-aged and aged wild-type and progestin receptor knockout ( PRKO ) mice demonstrate rapid progesterone and 3alpha,5alpha-THP-facilitated lordosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Progesterone (P) and its 5alpha-reduced metabolite, 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP), facilitate sexual behavior of rodents via agonist-like actions at intracellular progestin receptors (PRs) and membrane GABA(A)/benzodiazepine receptor complexes (GBRs), respectively.",
... | Mid-aged and aged PRKO and wild-type mice demonstrated rapid P or 3alpha,5alpha-THP-facilitated lordosis that may be, in part, independent of activity at PRs. | yes |
16,533,790 | Is bRAF a therapeutic target in aggressive thyroid carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Oncogenic conversion of BRAF occurs in approximately 44% of papillary thyroid carcinomas and 24% of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. In papillary thyroid carcinomas, this mutation is associated with an unfavorable clinicopathologic outcome. Our aim was to exploit BRAF as a potential therapeutic tar... | BRAF provides signals crucial for proliferation of thyroid carcinoma cells spontaneously harboring the (V600E)BRAF mutation and, therefore, BRAF suppression might have therapeutic potential in (V600E)BRAF-positive thyroid cancer. | yes |
16,533,792 | Is stomatin-like protein 2 overexpressed in cancer and involved in regulating cell growth and cell adhesion in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) is a novel and unusual stomatin homologue of unknown functions. It has been implicated in interaction with erythrocyte cytoskeleton and presumably other integral membrane proteins, but not directly with the membrane bilayer. We show here the involvement of SLP-2 in... | SLP-2 was first identified as a novel cancer-related gene overexpressed in human ESCC, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Decreased cell growth, cell adhesion, and tumorigenesis in the antisense transfectants revealed that SLP-2 may be important in tumorigenesis. | yes |
16,534,225 | Are oxysterols increased in plasma of end-stage renal disease patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress occurs in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The objective of our study was to measure oxidation products of cholesterols, so-called oxysterols, in the serum of HD patients in comparison to healthy control persons.",
"In 42 HD patients, plasma oxyste... | Due to oxidative stress which is known as a typical sign of chronic renal failure the plasma concentrations of oxysterols are also significantly increased in comparison to healthy controls. This underlines the data on accelerated lipid peroxidation in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Accumulated oxysterols whic... | yes |
16,534,224 | Is oxidative stress in renal anemia of hemodialysis patients mitigated by epoetin treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress often occurs in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. The objective of our study was to investigate the interrelationship between oxidative stress and the degree of renal anemia.",
"In 107 consecutive HD patients, serum concentrations of two major aldehydic lipid peroxidation (... | Chronic renal failure is connected with oxidative stress which correlates with the degree of renal anemia, and the serum levels of aldehydic LPO products could be reduced during correction of renal anemia by epoetin. | yes |
16,548,991 | Does comparative study of the ThinPrep Pap test and conventional cytology result in a Canadian cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the frequency of Pap test results in a prospective series of direct to vial ThinPrep tests to a cohort of conventionally prepared tests. To follow-up all test results for a minimum of 2 years and assess performance based on this outcome.",
"All women presenting for either routine s... | In this population, ThinPrep was superior to the conventional Pap test. | yes |
16,547,211 | Does deficiency of beta1 integrins result in increased myocardial dysfunction after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the role of beta1 integrins in left ventricular (LV) remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI).",
"LV structural and functional alterations were determined in wild-type (WT) and beta1 integrin heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice one month after MI. MI increased beta1 integrin express... | beta1 integrins are crucial in post-MI remodelling with effects on LV function, hypertrophy and apoptosis. | yes |
16,549,389 | Does thalidomide attenuate the development of fibrosis during post-infarction myocardial remodelling in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammation plays a pathogenic role in the development of heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of treatment with the immunomodulating drug thalidomide in a rat model for post-myocardial infarction (MI) HF.",
"Rats were subjected to MI by left coronary artery li... | Although thalidomide had no effect on cardiac function, our results suggest that intervention with thalidomide may have beneficial effects in post-MI HF by attenuating collagen accumulation and development of myocardial fibrosis. | yes |
16,557,168 | Does [ Cytotoxicity evaluation of different eyes drop with cyclosporine oral solution ( Sandimmun ) ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclosporine is a molecule used in ophthalmology for the prevention of corneal graft rejection. The systemic use of this product can lead to serious adverse side effects that can be avoided using the topical formulation of cyclosporine. However, cyclosporine application can induce ocular irritati... | These results helped the Pharmacy unit choose the vehicles for a safe cyclosporine eye drop formulation and thus decrease the side effects of cyclosporine eye drop instillation with a decrease in ethanol concentration compared to published formulations. | yes |
16,554,847 | Is hypercapnia during the first 3 days of life associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether hypercapnia in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during the first 3 days of life is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).",
"Retrospective cohort study of inborn VLBW infants between January 1999 and May 2004 with arterial access during the first 3 da... | In addition to traditional risk factors, it appears maximum PaCO(2) is a dose-dependent predictor of severe IVH during the permissive hypercapnia era. | yes |
16,539,704 | Is a functional PTPN22 polymorphism associated with several autoimmune diseases associated with IgA deficiency in the Spanish population? | {
"contexts": [
"The 1858C/T SNP of the PTPN22 gene has been associated with many autoimmune diseases, suggesting the existence of an inflammatory process common to all of them. We studied the association of that polymorphism with immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) following a double approach: a case-control and ... | The result obtained seems to reinforce the consideration of IgA deficiency as a primary immunodeficiency rather than an autoimmune disease. | no |
16,539,700 | Do multicistronic lentiviral vectors containing the FMDV 2A cleavage factor demonstrate robust expression of encoded genes at limiting MOI? | {
"contexts": [
"A number of gene therapy applications would benefit from vectors capable of expressing multiple genes. In this study we explored the feasibility and efficiency of expressing two or three transgenes in HIV-1 based lentiviral vector. Bicistronic and tricistronic self-inactivating lentiviral vectors... | The small and efficient 2A sequence can be used alone or in combination with an IRES for the construction of multicistronic lentiviral vectors which can express encoded transgenes at functionally relevant levels in cells containing an average of one pro-viral insert. | yes |
16,534,483 | Is expression of IL-8 during reperfusion of renal allografts dependent on ischemic time? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an inherent consequence of solid organ transplantation that increases tissue inflammation and negatively impacts organ transplant function and survival. This study investigated the expression levels of chemokine and chemokine receptor genes in living versus cadaver ... | The expression of chemokines directing neutrophil and macrophage recruitment increases during reperfusion of living and cadaveric donor renal allografts. Expression levels of IL-8 correlate with the ischemic time imposed on the renal graft. Early tissue injury may be attenuated by strategies antagonizing chemokines dir... | yes |
16,545,484 | Is epigenetic silencing of interferon-inducible genes implicated in interferon resistance of hepatitis C virus replicon-harboring cells? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously established hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon-harboring cell lines possessing two interferon (IFN)-resistant phenotypes: a partially resistant phenotype (alphaR series) and a severely resistant phenotype (betaR series). We recently found that the severe IFN resistance of the betaR-se... | The present results suggest that the epigenetic silencing of IFN-stimulated genes is implicated in the acquisition of a partially IFN-resistant phenotype of HCV replicon-harboring cells. | yes |
16,545,481 | Is increased phosphodiesterase-5 expression involved in the decreased vasodilator response to nitric oxide in cirrhotic rat livers? | {
"contexts": [
"Cirrhotic livers have a deficient vasodilator response to nitric oxide (NO). The vasodilator effect of NO is normally limited by the degradation of its second messenger cyclic guanosine 3', 5' monophosphate by phosphodiesterases. We investigated (1) the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) expression in n... | Increased PDE-5 expression is involved in the decreased vascular response to NO in cirrhotic livers. | yes |
16,534,418 | Are genetic variants in TNF-alpha but not DLG5 associated with inflammatory bowel disease in a large United Kingdom cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"Genetic variants in DLG5, which encodes a scaffolding protein on chromosome 10q23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, encoding a proinflammatory cytokine on chromosome 6p, have recently been reported to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We studied these variants to seek evi... | We have confirmed an association between the TNF-857 promoter polymorphism and IBD in a large independent UK dataset but were unable to replicate an association at the previously reported loci within DLG5. This may reflect heterogeneity between the populations, a smaller effect size than originally predicted, or possib... | yes |
16,537,239 | Is empathetic perspective-taking impaired in schizophrenia : evidence from a study of emotion attribution and theory of mind? | {
"contexts": [
"Schizophrenia and autism are clinically distinct yet both disorders are characterised by theory of mind (ToM) deficits. Autistic individuals fail to appreciate false beliefs, yet understand the causal connections between behavioural events and simple emotions. Findings of this type have promoted ... | Schizophrenia patients, unlike autistic individuals, suffer a domain-general difficulty with empathetic perspective-taking that affects equally their appreciation of other people's beliefs, percepts, and emotions. | yes |
16,551,413 | Is proton pump inhibition a feasible primary alternative to surgery and balloon dilatation in adult peptic pyloric stenosis ( APS ) : report of six consecutive cases? | {
"contexts": [
"Surgery has been the gold standard in the treatment of adult pyloric stenosis (APS). The introduction of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 1989 revolutionised the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and its complications.",
"We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of PPI... | This study supports the view that proton pump inhibitors are a safe and feasible alternative to surgery in adult pyloric stenosis secondary to peptic ulcer disease. | yes |
16,551,411 | Is it highly unlikely that the development of an abdominal wall hernia can be attributable to a single strenuous event? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a commonly held belief that the development of a hernia can be attributed to a single strenuous or traumatic event. Hence, many litigants are successful in compensation claims, causing mounting financial burdens on employers, the courts, insurance companies and the tax-payer. However, th... | We conclude that we are unable to find any clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that a hernia might develop as the result of one single strenuous or traumatic event. While we accept that this mechanism might still possibly occur, we believe that, at best, it is extremely uncommon. If a medical expert is preparin... | yes |
16,552,338 | Are increased plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 associated with surgical site infection after pancreaticoduodenectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytokines and chemokines potentially modulate postoperative immune response. Association of circulating cytokines and chemokines with postoperative infectious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy was evaluated.",
"Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, IL-8, macrophage che... | These results suggest that, in addition to pancreatic exocrine function, IL-6 and IL-8 are associated with postoperative SSI, including pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. | yes |
16,540,959 | Does dobutamine influence inflammatory pathways during human endotoxemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Catecholamines have anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties. Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine frequently used in patients with septic myocardial dysfunction. The objective was to determine whether a continuous infusion of dobutamine exerts immunomodulatory effects in healthy volunte... | Dobutamine, infused in a clinically relevant dose, does not influence inflammatory and coagulant pathways during human endotoxemia. | no |
16,546,764 | Does ethnic background influence outcome for return-to-work in work-related interdisciplinary rehabilitation for long-term pain : 1- and 3-year follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"It is often suggested that immigrants with long-term pain do not benefit from rehabilitation to the same extent as native Swedish patients. In this study, an 8-week rehabilitation programme was evaluated according to its adaptation for immigrants.",
"To establish whether there is a difference... | Immigrants can benefit from a rehabilitation programme to the same extent as native Swedes concerning return-to-work rate, but seem to have limitations in assimilating the other objectives of the programme. | no |
16,549,421 | Is meiotic spindle configuration differentially influenced by FSH and epidermal growth factor during in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain whether different hormonal treatment protocols could affect metaphase II (MII) spindle morphology, meiotic spindle organization was detected in prepubertal mouse oocytes matured under conditions allowing spontaneous, FSH- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent meiotic maturation.... | These results indicate that FSH and EGF can differently affect meiotic spindle morphology, and that EGF might be a stronger contributor than FSH to the acquisition of oocyte competence. | yes |
16,534,522 | Is the hormone-sensitive lipase C-60G promoter polymorphism associated with increased waist circumference in normal-weight subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the HSL gene promoter variant C-60G, a polymorphism which previously has been associated with reduced promoter acti... | The HSL C-60G polymorphism is associated with increased waist circumference in non-obese subjects. | yes |
16,534,523 | Does high plasma VEGF relate to low carbohydrate intake in patients with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been suggested to enhance glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier, thereby increasing brain glucose supply. Increased brain glucose concentration is known to suppress food intake and to decrease body mass via action on hypothalamic regulation... | We conclude that high plasma VEGF concentrations are associated with less carbohydrate intake and lower body mass in type 2 diabetes. The role VEGF plays in facilitating glucose access to the brain represents a new aspect of food intake regulation and energy homeostasis, with relevance for diseases with body mass distu... | yes |
16,530,973 | Does maternal separation alter serotonergic transporter densities and serotonergic 1A receptors in rat brain? | {
"contexts": [
"The basic mechanisms underlying the association between early life maternal separation and adulthood psychiatric disorders are largely unknown. One possible candidate is the central serotonergic system, which is also abnormal in psychiatric illnesses. Neuroadaptational changes in serotonergic tra... | Early life maternal separation and the extent of handling can alter adult brain serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A levels and function in the forebrain. Alterations in these serotonergic systems by early rearing conditions might increase vulnerability for behavioral disorders in adulthood. | yes |
16,551,307 | Is abdominal obesity an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure in older people? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether total and abdominal adiposity are risk factors for the development of chronic heart failure (CHF) in older men and women.",
"Prospective, longitudinal cohort: The Health, Aging and Body Composition study.",
"Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, metropolitan... | Abdominal body fat distribution may be a stronger risk factor for CHF than overall obesity. | yes |
16,551,305 | Is impaired fasting glucose associated with increased arterial stiffness in elderly people without diabetes mellitus : the Rotterdam Study? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and arterial stiffness in older adults.",
"Cross-sectional population-based study.",
"The Rotterdam Study, a Dutch population-based cohort study.",
"Two thousand nine hundred eighty-seven subjects aged 60 and older.",
... | IFG is related to arterial stiffness in elderly subjects. An advanced stage of arterial stiffness, comparable with that of subjects with DM, is only reached at the age of 75. | yes |
16,551,309 | Is poor sleep associated with higher plasma proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and procoagulant marker fibrin D-dimer in older caregivers of people with Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether objective measures of sleep correlate with plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the procoagulant marker fibrin D-dimer in caregivers of patients with dementia.",
"Cross-sectional study.",
"Subjects' homes.",
"Sixty-four community-dw... | Poor sleep was associated with higher plasma IL-6 and D-dimer levels. These effects were most pronounced in caregivers of subjects with Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest a mechanism that may explain how disturbed sleep might be associated downstream with cardiovascular risk, particularly in older people under c... | yes |
16,550,967 | Is loss to follow-up of cervical smears without endocervical columnar cells disturbing? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the six-month recommended follow-up after mass screening of Pap smears because of the absence of endocervical columnar cells (ECC-) or ECC+ smears with atypical squamous or glandular cells of undetermined origin (ASCUS/AGUS) or low-grade squamous or glandular intraepithelial lesion... | Repeating ECC- smears has a low follow-up rate but also lacks evidence-based necessity. However, for the other 6-month recommended Pap smears, one in five women had still not responded within one year, so improvement is necessary. | no |
16,534,238 | Is oKT3 therapy in addition to tacrolimus associated with improved long-term function in patients with steroid refractory renal allograft rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term allograft salvage rates of patients with steroid refractory allograft rejection after kidney transplantation and to identify factors indicating a successful outcome.",
"Fifty patients with continuing rejection after high-dose steroids were inclu... | Our data indicate a reasonable graft survival in steroid refractory renal allograft rejection using tacrolimus. OKT3 treatment in addition to tacrolimus therapy may be beneficial for long-term allograft survival. | yes |
16,534,235 | Is hyperleptinemia responsible for decreased paraoxonase activity in hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Exogenous leptin markedly decreased plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity in rats. Hyperleptinemia and decreased PON1 activity have previously been demonstrated in uremia. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between leptin level and PON1 activity in hemodialysis (HD) patients.",
"Leptin ... | Our results suggest the role of other pathophysiological conditions besides hyperleptinemia resulting in decreased PON1 activity in HD patients. | no |
16,550,473 | Is androgen receptor responsible for rat organic cation transporter 2 gene regulation but not for rOCT1 and rOCT3? | {
"contexts": [
"Organic cation transporters 1-3 (OCT1-3; Slc22a1-3) mediate the membrane transport of organic cations in the kidney. We previously reported that rat (r)OCT2 expression in the kidney was regulated by testosterone. In this study, we examined the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the testosteron... | Testosterone induces the expression of rOCT2, but not of rOCT1 and rOCT3, via the AR-mediated transcriptional pathway. This is the first study to address the transcriptional mechanisms of testosterone-dependent gene regulation of the Slc22 family. | yes |
16,550,470 | Are osmotic-driven release kinetics of bioactive therapeutic proteins from a biodegradable elastomer linear , constant , similar , and adjustable? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study is to determine whether a biodegradable elastomeric device that uses an osmotic pressure delivery mechanism can release different therapeutic proteins at a nearly constant rate in nanomolar concentrations with high bioactivity, given the same formulation conditions. Vascular ... | The elastomer formulation shows promising potential as a sustained protein drug delivery vehicle for local delivery applications. | yes |
16,532,886 | Do microleakage and bond strength of sealant to primary enamel comparing air abrasion and acid etch techniques? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to compare the effect of air abrasion (KCP 2000), acid etching (37% phosphoric acid), and the combination of both procedures on the shear bond strength and microleakage of a light-cured pit-and-fissure sealant to the enamel of human primary molar teeth.",
"Nonc... | In primary teeth, air abrasion combined with acid etching appears to provide the best conditions for enamel treatment prior to sealant placement. | yes |
16,533,497 | Does buprenorphine reduce alcohol drinking through activation of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ-NOP receptor system? | {
"contexts": [
"Activation of the NOP receptor by its endogenous ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ reduces ethanol intake in genetically selected alcohol preferring Marchigian Sardinian alcohol preferring (msP) rats. Here we evaluated whether buprenorphine, a partial agonist at micro-opioid and NOP receptors, would ... | Buprenorphine has dualistic effects on ethanol drinking; low doses increase alcohol intake via stimulation of classic opioid receptors, whereas higher doses reduce it via activation of NOP receptors. We suggest that NOP agonistic properties of buprenorphine might be useful in the treatment of alcoholism. | yes |
16,541,326 | Do essiac and Flor-Essence herbal tonics stimulate the in vitro growth of human breast cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"People diagnosed with cancer often self-administer complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to supplement their conventional treatments, improve health, or prevent recurrence. Flor-Essence and Essiac Herbal Tonics are commercially available complex mixtures of herbal extracts sold as dietar... | Flor-Essence and Essiac Herbal Tonics can stimulate the growth of human breast cancer cells through ER mediated as well as ER independent mechanisms of action. | yes |
16,553,017 | Does brief airway occlusion produce prolonged reflex inhibition of inspiratory muscles in obstructive sleep apnea? | {
"contexts": [
"The human inspiratory muscles respond to a brief occlusion of the upper airway during inspiration with a profound short-latency reflex inhibition. This inhibition contrasts with the excitatory stretch reflex of limb muscles and may protect the airway from aspiration. It was postulated that this r... | The latency of peak inhibition and duration of inhibition were positively correlated with the respiratory disturbance index for all muscle groups. These changes may reflect adaptation in central respiratory paths due to repetitive loading during sleep. | yes |
16,538,941 | Does treatment of imported fire ant sting with mitigator sting and bite treatment -- a randomized control study? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the efficacy of the commercially available product Mitigator Sting and Bite Treatment in reducing the pain after imported fire ant stings.",
"Twenty-four volunteer subjects were exposed to imported fire ant stings on both fore-arms. The subjects received Mitigator paste on 1 arm a... | There was no significant difference in pain relief between calamine and Mitigator for imported fire ant stings. | yes |
16,534,845 | Is pI 3-kinase pathway responsible for antiapoptotic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in rat liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the in vivo effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its signaling pathway during orthotopic rat liver transplantation.",
"Rats were infused with NaCl, ANP (5 microg/kg), wortmannin (WM, 16 microg/kg), or a combination of both for 20 min. Livers were stored in UW solution... | ANP activates the PI-3-kinase pathway in the liver in vivo leading to phosphorylation of Bad, an event triggering antiapoptotic signaling cascade in ischemic liver. | yes |
16,554,401 | Does blood-injury phobia with and without a history of fainting : disgust sensitivity explain the fainting response? | {
"contexts": [
"Individuals diagnosed with blood-injury phobia respond to venipuncture with strong psychophysiological responses. We investigated whether disgust sensitivity contributes to the fainting response and is associated with parasympathetic activation, as suggested by previous research.",
"Twenty in... | The tendency to faint when exposed to blood-injury stimuli may suffice as a conditioning event leading into phobia, without specific involvement of disgust sensitivity and parasympathetic activation. | no |
16,530,124 | Is the insulin response to gastric glucose reduced in PAC1 and GRP receptor gene deleted mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Islet function is regulated by islet autonomic nerves. These nerves harbour not only the classical neurotransmitters, acetyl choline and noradrenaline, but also neuropeptides. This study examined whether the neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and gastrin rel... | The insulin responses to gastric versus intravenous glucose in receptor gene deleted mice show that PACAP, and to a lesser extent GRP, contributes to the insulin response to gastric administration of glucose. | yes |
16,542,431 | Does alternative first exon splicing regulate subcellular distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases? | {
"contexts": [
"Methionine sulfoxide reduction is an important protein repair pathway that protects against oxidative stress, controls protein function and has a role in regulation of aging. There are two enzymes that reduce stereospecifically oxidized methionine residues: MsrA (methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase)... | Our data suggest conservation of alternative splicing to regulate subcellular distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases. | yes |
16,550,320 | Does pOSSUM predict decreased overall survival in curative resection for colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Poor condition at operation determined by the physiologic POSSUM score is related to postoperative mortality and morbidity of colorectal cancer surgery. This study was designed to analyze the relationship between condition of patients with colorectal cancer at operation and long-term overall surv... | Poor condition at operation, as determined by physiologic POSSUM score, is a risk indicator for long-term overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. | yes |
16,529,647 | Is the Escherichia coli BarA-UvrY two-component system a virulence determinant in the urinary tract? | {
"contexts": [
"The Salmonella enterica BarA-SirA, the Erwinia carotovora ExpS-ExpA, the Vibrio cholerae BarA-VarA and the Pseudomonas spp GacS-GacA all belong to the same orthologous family of two-component systems as the Escherichia coli BarA-UvrY. In the first four species it has been demonstrated that disrup... | This paper demonstrates that the BarA-UvrY two-component system is a determinant for virulence in a monkey cystitis model. The observed competition profiles strengthen our previous hypothesis that disruption of the BarA-UvrY two-component system impairs the ability of the bacteria to switch between different carbon sou... | yes |
16,537,854 | Is no symptoms , no asthma : the acute episodic disease belief associated with poor self-management among inner-city adults with persistent asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma morbidity and mortality is highest among inner-city populations. Suboptimal beliefs about the chronicity of asthma may perpetuate poor asthma control among inner-city asthmatics. This study sought to characterize beliefs about the chronicity of disease and its correlates in a cohort of inn... | The single question, "Do you think you have asthma all of the time, or only when you are having symptoms?" can efficiently identify patients who do not think about or manage their asthma as a chronic disease. | yes |
16,537,853 | Do low sputum eosinophils predict the lack of response to beclomethasone in symptomatic asthmatic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The prognostic role of low sputum eosinophils in steroid-naïve, symptomatic asthmatic patients is controversial.",
"To verify whether low sputum eosinophils predict poor response to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids.",
"Sixty-seven symptomatic asthmatic patients with moderate asthma ... | We suggest that, among the indexes examined, low sputum eosinophils are the best predictor for poor corticosteroid effects in asthma. | yes |
16,534,770 | Is progression of cerebral white matter lesions associated with development of depressive symptoms in elderly subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease : The PROSPER Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebral white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have been associated with vascular disease and late-life depression, both in the general population and in psychiatric patients. Therefore, a cerebrovascular etiology for late-onset depression has been hypothesized. ... | This longitudinal study does not confirm the involvement of cerebrovascular disease expressed as MRI white matter hyperintensities in the development of depressive symptoms in elderly subjects. | no |
16,541,668 | Do [ Influence of bicortical anchorage on the natural frequencies of dental implant ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the influences of bicortical anchorage on values of natural frequencies of dental implants utilizing the 3-dimensional finite element analysis.",
"Using the commercial code of Solidworks, 3-D models of a screw-shaped dental implant and a mandibular bone segment were generated. ... | Bicortical anchorage can increase the buccolingual and axial primary stability of dental implants. | yes |
16,541,660 | Does [ Substance P regulate function of osteoclasts via neurokinin-1 receptor ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of substance P on cultured rat osteoclasts.",
"Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor expression in osteoclasts was examined by immunohitochemical method, and changes of bone resorption activity caused by substance P and NK1 receptor antagonists were detected by pit formation ... | The findings suggested that substance P may stimulate osteoclasts and result in bone resorption by the mediation of NK1 receptor. | yes |
16,538,472 | Do progesterone 's effects to reduce anxiety behavior of aged mice require actions via intracellular progestin receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Aging is associated with reduced secretion of, and down-regulation of receptors for, progesterone (P); yet, P's effects when administered to younger and older animals have not been systematically investigated. Some of P's antianxiety effects may be due to its conversion to 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-p... | The effects of P to decrease anxiety behavior of younger and older mice do not require classic PRs and may involve actions of 3alpha,5alpha-THP at GBRs. | no |
16,538,577 | Does learning of serial digits lead to frontal activation in functional MR imaging? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical studies have shown that performance on the serial digit learning test (SDLT) is dependent upon the mesial temporal lobes, which are responsible for learning and its consolidation. However, an effective SDLT performance is also dependent upon sequencing, temporal ordering, and the utiliza... | The prefrontal activation during SDLT performance was not related to learning or to recall, but to a function that is common to both of these cognitive processes. A candidate for this common factor may be the executive functions, which also include serial position processing and temporal ordering. | yes |
16,551,854 | Do hER2-positive circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage I to III breast cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Early metastasis in node-negative breast cancer indicates that breast cancer cells obviously can bypass the lymph nodes and disseminate directly hematogenous to distant organs. For this purpose, we evaluated the prognostic value of blood-borne, HER2-positive circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the p... | This study provides some evidence of a prognostic effect of HER2-positive CTCs in stage I to III breast cancer. Future studies have to determine the outcome of patients treated with HER2-targeting therapies with respect to HER2-positive CTC levels because it is not unlikely that high levels of HER2-positive CTCs reflec... | yes |
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