pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
16,376,772 | Does planimetric assessment of anatomic valve area overestimate effective orifice area in bicuspid aortic stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the continuity equation remains the noninvasive standard, planimetry using transesophageal echocardiography is often used to assess valve area for patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Not uncommonly, however, anatomic valve area (AVAA) obtained by planimetry overestimates continuity-deriv... | For a given anatomic orifice, functional severity tends to be greater in bicuspid AS than in tricuspid AS. This appears to be primarily related to greater jet eccentricity and less pressure recovery. | yes |
16,388,505 | Is sprouty4 , a suppressor of tumor cell motility , down regulated by DNA methylation in human prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Alterations of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors contribute to prostate cancer progression by enhancing cellular proliferation, survival, and motility. The Sprouty gene family negatively regulates FGF signaling and may limit the ability of FGFs to enhance tumor progression. Spr... | Sprouty4 expression is down regulated in human prostate cancer by DNA methylation and this decreased expression may contribute to increased cell migration. | yes |
16,374,289 | Does topical becaplermin improve outcomes in work related fingertip injuries? | {
"contexts": [
"Fingertip injuries are common and bear significant costs associated with treatment, lost work, and functional impairment. This study compared these factors in occupationally related fingertip injuries treated with becaplermin, a recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor, and those treated ... | In this study, the functional and economic costs were significantly less when fingertip injuries were treated with topical becaplermin than when they were treated with surgical reconstruction. This information should allow emergency and acute care physicians to treat these injuries more efficaciously and conveniently. | yes |
16,389,573 | Does deficiency of regulatory B cells increase allergic airway inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of the X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) B cell defect on the response to the cockroach allergen in mice.",
"Two cockroach allergen immunization and challenge protocols were employed to sensitize CBA/J wild-type and CBA/CaHN-btk(-/-)xid/J (Xid) mice. Blood and tissue s... | These data suggest a regulatory role for B-1a cells in reducing cytokine production, pulmonary inflammation, and CD4(+) T cell survival during cockroach allergen-induced airway inflammation. | yes |
16,397,039 | Does docetaxel followed by castration improve outcomes in LNCaP prostate cancer-bearing severe combined immunodeficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Androgen ablation is the standard initial treatment for advanced prostate cancer; however, tumors eventually develop androgen independence and become incurable. Chemotherapy is commonly used after hormone treatment fails but has not shown significant survival benefit. Studies suggest that androge... | A treatment sequence of docetaxel followed by hormone ablation may be more effective in treating prostate cancer than concurrent docetaxel/hormone therapy or hormone ablation followed by docetaxel. | yes |
16,393,313 | Do the extent of oesophageal acid exposure overlap among the different gastro-oesophageal reflux disease groups? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies have demonstrated that patients with Barrett's oesophagus have the highest oesophageal acid exposure profile, followed by erosive oesophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease patients, but the exact extent of overlap remains unknown.",
"To determine the extent of overlap in oesophageal... | Our study demonstrated a high oesophageal acid exposure overlap between patients with non-erosive reflux disease-positive and erosive oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and erosive oesophagitis, as well as Barrett's oesophagus and non-erosive reflux disease-positive patients. | yes |
16,378,668 | Do spinal manipulation force and duration affect vertebral movement and neuromuscular responses? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous study in human subjects has documented biomechanical and neurophysiological responses to impulsive spinal manipulative thrusts, but very little is known about the neuromechanical effects of varying thrust force-time profiles.",
"Ten adolescent Merino sheep were anesthetized and poste... | Changes in the biomechanical and neuromuscular response of the ovine lumbar spine were observed in response to changes in the force-time characteristics of the spinal manipulative thrusts and may be an underlying mechanism in related clinical outcomes. | yes |
16,371,909 | Is balloon kyphoplasty effective in deformity correction of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures? | {
"contexts": [
"A prospective radiographic analysis of deformity correction during the balloon kyphoplasty procedure.",
"To determine the spontaneous reduction of the deformity in prone position, the subsequent deformity correction by the inflatable bone tamp, and the overall deformity correction after depos... | The restoration of height in kyphoplasty is attributed to dynamic fracture mobility as well as to the expansion of the inserted balloon tamp. | yes |
16,388,504 | Is t-cell recognition of a prostate specific antigen sufficient to induce prostate tissue destruction? | {
"contexts": [
"The ability of CD8(+) T-cells to induce prostate inflammation was examined using a prostate ovalbumin expressing transgenic mouse (POET) and/or adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T-cells (OT-I) that specifically recognize ovalbumin. Localization of inflammatory cells to prostat... | T lymphocytes specific for a prostate antigen are capable of inducing inflammatory infiltration of prostatic tissue rapidly following activation, but do not produce pathological prostate injury. | no |
16,385,250 | Are genetic polymorphisms of CD14 , toll-like receptor 4 , and caspase-recruitment domain 15 associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Inadequate response of the innate immune system to bacterial antigens present in the intestinal flora may play a role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pattern recognition receptors such as CD14, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, and caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) 15 bind bacter... | Carrier state of the tested CD14, TLR4, and CARD15 SNPs is not associated with NEC risk in VLBW infants. | no |
16,388,973 | Is spinal cord stimulation cost-effective for non-surgical management of critical limb ischaemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To quantify the costs of treatment in critical limb ischaemia (CLI) and to compare costs and effectiveness of two treatment strategies: spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and best medical treatment.",
"One hundred and twenty patients with CLI not suitable for vascular reconstruction were randomise... | Total costs of treatment in CLI are high. Major components are hospital and rehabilitation costs. In contrast to recent reviews, there were no long-term benefits of SCS-treatment. Therefore, cost-effectiveness is reduced to cost-minimisation and SCS-treatment is considerably more expensive than best medical treatment. | no |
16,393,221 | Does deep sedation occur frequently during elective endoscopy with meperidine and midazolam? | {
"contexts": [
"Although moderate (conscious) sedation is intended during elective gastrointestinal endoscopy, unintended levels of deep sedation occur. The aims of this study were to prospectively evaluate the incidence and risk factors of deep sedation during elective endoscopy with meperidine and midazolam in... | Deep sedation occurs frequently during elective endoscopy with meperidine and midazolam used with the intent of moderate sedation. ERCP and EUS are risk factors for the occurrence of deep sedation, independent of sedation dose or length of procedure. | yes |
16,394,798 | Does overexpression of STAT-1 by adenoviral gene transfer inhibit hepatitis B virus replication? | {
"contexts": [
"Interferons are known to inhibit the replication of hepatitis B viruses (HBV) in several animal models in vitro and in vivo as well in humans. The STAT-1 protein plays a central role in the biological activity of both type I and type II interferons. The lack of functional STAT-1 renders cells and... | These data demonstrate that the over-expression of STAT-1 alone is not sufficient to strengthen the biological response of interferon as an antiviral agent. | no |
16,372,494 | Does gleason scoring vary among pathologists and this affects clinical risk in patients with prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether our practice of specialist review of all diagnostic biopsies was necessary to prevent misgrading of referred prostate cancer patients, and whether this misclassification, if any, would have resulted in misclassification of clinical risk grouping (Seattle Risk Grouping [SRG]... | Our findings confirm previous reports of only limited correlation between pathologists in reporting Gleason sums. In this study, 19% (16/83) of cases had their grading changed to a level that altered clinical risk, almost always (94%; 15/16) to one that worsened prognosis. This would have significantly affected treatme... | yes |
16,388,885 | Does addition of platelet transfusions to corticosteroids increase the recovery of severe HELLP syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone and platelet transfusion treatment on recovery in patients with class 1 hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome.",
"All women with class 1 HELLP syndrome (true HELLP syndrome) who were seen at the hospital... | The findings suggest the initiation of high-dose dexamethasone therapy in women with true HELLP syndrome, with the next step being delivery, and probably platelet count < or =50,000/microl alone is not always an indication for platelet transfusion. | no |
16,386,676 | Are flow-dependent changes in Doppler-derived aortic valve effective orifice area real and not due to artifact? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to determine whether the flow-dependent changes in Doppler-derived valve effective orifice area (EOA) are real or due to artifact.",
"It has frequently been reported that the EOA may vary with transvalvular flow in patients with aortic stenosis. However, the explanation of the flow ... | The flow-dependent changes in EOA(Dop) are not artifacts but represent real changes in EOA attributable either to unsteady effects at low flow rates and/or to changes in valve leaflet opening. Such changes in EOA(Dop) can be relied on for clinical judgment making. | yes |
16,371,044 | Does cryopreservation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from apheresis at high cell concentrations impair the hematopoietic recovery after transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"The high number of nuclear cells (NCs) from hematopoietic progenitor cells-apheresis (HPC-A) requires cryopreservation in large volumes or at high NC concentrations. The effect of NC concentration during cryopreservation has yet to be examined.",
"In the experimental arm (n = 610, Protocol B)... | The cryopreservation of HPC-A at higher than standard NC concentrations has no adverse impact on hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. | no |
16,370,258 | Does desensitization to strong vestibular stimuli improve tolerance to simulated aircraft motion? | {
"contexts": [
"The extent to which tolerance acquired in one motion environment can be transferred to another has not been fully elucidated. This study compares three provocative motion stimuli and whether tolerance acquired from cross-coupled motion and torso rotation can be transferred to simulated aircraft m... | Our results suggest that desensitization to one provocative motion could be transferred to a less severe motion stimulus. This result could be used in the refinement of desensitization programs for aircrew. | yes |
16,384,943 | Is h244R VSX1 associated with selective cone ON bipolar cell dysfunction and macular degeneration in a PPCD family? | {
"contexts": [
"To elucidate the retinal dysfunction and the molecular basis of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) associated with macular dystrophy, both inherited in a dominant manner through a three-generation family.",
"Ophthalmologic examinations including slit lamp examination, visual acui... | The human VSX1 is required for cone ON bipolar cell function but not for rod and cone OFF bipolar cells, giving a unique example of such a selective heritable retinal defect in humans. Furthermore, the authors provide the first clinical support for a new alternative role of VSX1 in cone biology, probably similar to tha... | yes |
16,384,942 | Are globally , CYP1B1 mutations in primary congenital glaucoma strongly structured by geographic and haplotype backgrounds? | {
"contexts": [
"To obtain a global perspective on the distribution and evolution of CYP1B1 mutations in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) worldwide.",
"Five intragenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP1B1-R48G, A119S, V432L, D449D, and N453S-were used to generate haplotype data from 138 Indian patients ... | The strong association of specific haplotypes with some predominant CYP1B1 mutations underlying PCG and the observed geographical clustering, probably due to founder effects, may be useful for predictive testing. | yes |
16,398,405 | Is pancreatic cancer cells invasiveness mainly affected by interleukin-1beta not by transforming growth factor-beta1? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated in vitro whether IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 affect pancreatic cancer cell growth, adhesion to the extracellular matrix and Matrigel invasion.",
"Adhesion to fibronectin, laminin and type I collagen, and Matrigel invasion after stimulation with saline, IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 were e... | IL-1beta enhances the invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas TGF-beta1 has paradoxical effects on pancreatic cancer cells; this makes it difficult to interfere with TGF-beta1 signaling in pancreatic cancer treatment. | yes |
16,386,511 | Is evolution of the renal function a better predictor of long-term survival than serum creatinine? | {
"contexts": [
"In recent years acute rejection has decreased to 10% to 20%. Therefore it is necessary to look for new endpoints in renal transplantation. Serum creatinine and changes in creatinine have been reported to be powerful predictors of long-term kidney transplant survival. Chronic renal allograft nephr... | The evolution of renal function at 3 months and throughout the evolution were better predictors of graft failure than an isolated serum creatinine value. | yes |
16,378,111 | Does [ Lysophosphatidic acid activate L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway of platelets in rats ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the mechanism of platelet function caused by Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), by observing the change of the L-arginine/nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (L-Arg/NOS/NO) pathway of platelet in rats.",
"LPA (10(-6), 10(-5) and 5x10(-5) mol/L) was administrated in rats and incubated ... | LPA increased NO release by enhancing L-arginine uptake and NOS activities, up-regulating L-arginine/NOS/NO pathway in platelets of rats. | yes |
16,378,112 | Is [ Cell-cycle negative regulatory gene ANA over-expressed in the brain tissues of patients with Down syndrome ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the expression level of genes located in chromosome 21 in the brain tissues of Down syndrome(DS).",
"An optimized semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was used to evaluate the expression levels of seven genes encoded in chromosome 21 in fetal cortex brain and cerebellum of DS and th... | Over-expression of ANA may contribute to the reduction of neuronal density in DS brain. | yes |
16,386,307 | Is young age a risk factor for HIV among female sex workers -- an experience from India? | {
"contexts": [
"A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among brothel-based sex workers of West Bengal, eastern India, to study the prevalence of HIV and associated risk factors.",
"Unlinked anonymous HIV testing was performed on 2076 sex workers. Of these, 558 were interviewed using a pre-test... | This could be associated with larger areas of cervical ectopy of younger sex workers who are subjected to repeated trauma during sexual intercourse, facilitating higher HIV transmission. Behavioral factors may increase a young sex worker's risk of acquiring HIV infection, including professional immaturity with clients,... | yes |
16,385,498 | Does anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy increase synovial osteoprotegerin expression in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking agents, including etanercept and infliximab, has resulted in reductions in the radiographic progression of RA. However, the exact mechanism by which this protection occurs has not been determined. In order to add to ... | Therapy with TNF antagonists in RA modulates the OPG/RANKL system, a potential mechanism that could explain the retardation of radiographic damage observed following anti-TNF therapy. | yes |
16,372,488 | Does postmastectomy radiotherapy reduce locoregional recurrence in elderly women with high-risk breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical trials of adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy have largely excluded women aged 70 years or over, even though they comprise 30% of the breast cancer population. This study examined outcomes in elderly women with high-risk breast cancer treated with or without postmastectomy radiotherap... | In women aged 70 years or over with tumours greater than 5 cm or four or more positive nodes, significantly lower LRR was observed in women treated with radiotherapy compared with women treated without radiotherapy. PMRT should be considered in the management of elderly women with these high-risk characteristics. | yes |
16,387,179 | Does cyclosporine suppress cell growth and collagen production in hepatic stellate cells? | {
"contexts": [
"In HCV-related graft hepatitis, immunosuppression has been implicated in rapid progression to cirrhosis, a serious clinical issue. We investigated the effects of cyclosporine or tacrolimus on cell growth and collagen production by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which play a role in hepatic fibrosi... | These findings demonstrated that cyclosporine suppresses cell growth and collagen production, suggesting that it may have an antifibrogenic effect. | yes |
16,384,883 | Are increased plasma markers of oxidative stress associated with coronary heart disease in males with diabetes mellitus and with 10-year risk in a prospective sample of males? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased oxidative stress is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the association between plasma markers of oxidative stress and CHD in a cross-sectional sample of patients with diabetes and prospective CHD risk in a sample of men predominantly without diabetes.",
"Plasm... | A cross-sectional and prospective association exists between baseline plasma measures of oxidative stress and CHD risk. The association with prospective CHD risk remained after adjustment for "traditional" risk factors, implying an independent role for oxidative stress in CHD risk. | yes |
16,401,472 | Do transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations result from passive opening of the cardia by gastric distention? | {
"contexts": [
"Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is the main mechanism for gastroesophageal reflux. Although there is evidence that transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations are neurally mediated, another school of thought is that transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations result from... | These data refute the hypothesis that transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations result from passive mechanical distraction of the gastroesophageal junction. Rather, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations must occur before the gastroesophageal junction can open. | no |
16,401,477 | Does reg IV activate the epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon adenocarcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Reg IV, a secreted protein and member of the Reg multigene family, is up-regulated in malignancies of the human gastrointestinal tract, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, in vitro signal transduction pathway(s) utilized by Reg IV are not yet known.",
"To determine the signaling pa... | Reg IV is a potent activator of the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in CRC. Disruption of Reg signaling may have utility as a therapeutic intervention for human gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. | yes |
16,401,476 | Do myofibroblast matrix metalloproteinases activate the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL7 from intestinal epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the inflamed gut has mainly been associated with mucosal degradation and ulceration. However, their in vitro capacity to specifically cleave inflammatory mediators indicates that MMPs may have a profound immunoregulatory impact. We hypothes... | These findings identify a novel proinflammatory action of MMPs in inflammation and suggest that lamina propria myofibroblasts are required to achieve maximal intestinal epithelial immune activation. | yes |
16,375,765 | Is discontinuation of treatment of schizophrenic patients driven by poor symptom response : a pooled post-hoc analysis of four atypical antipsychotic drugs? | {
"contexts": [
"Stopping antipsychotic treatment can interrupt improvement and exacerbate the illness. The reasons for discontinuing treatment during controlled clinical trials were analyzed to explore this phenomenon.",
"A post-hoc, pooled analysis was made of 4 randomized, double-blind clinical trials, 24-... | Discontinuing treatment may lead to exacerbation of symptoms, undermining therapeutic progress. In these studies, poor response to treatment and worsening of underlying psychiatric symptoms, and to a lesser extent, intolerability to medication were the primary contributors to treatment being discontinued. Our findings ... | yes |
16,388,493 | Does the receptor-binding region of human apolipoprotein E have direct anti-infective activity? | {
"contexts": [
"The APOE genotype has a uniquely strong influence on the outcome of viral infection. The mechanism is unknown, although one possibility is direct inhibition of viral entry into cells.",
"We have examined the direct anti-infective activity of a peptide analogue of the receptor-binding region o... | These data suggest that human apoE or fragments containing the receptor-binding domain may contribute to innate immunity to viral infection by direct disruption of viral particles and/or inhibition of viral attachment, thus reducing viral entry. | yes |
16,371,922 | Does low-dose radiation plus rapamycin promote long-term bone marrow chimerism? | {
"contexts": [
"The ability to achieve significant donor engraftment without fully myeloablative conditioning has revolutionized allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These nonmyeloablative approaches may allow extension of this potentially curative modality to an increasing number of patients including those wi... | These results establish a simple, nontoxic, irradiation-based regimen that facilitates engraftment without ablation. This strategy may prove useful in nonmalignant disorders such as hemoglobinopathies in which moderate levels of donor chimerism could prove curative. | yes |
16,389,649 | Is plasma apolipoprotein E concentration an important determinant of phospholipid transfer protein activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) transfers phospholipids between lipoproteins and plays an important role in HDL metabolism. PLTP exists as a high-activity and a low-activity form in the circulation. In vitro studies have shown that apolipoprotein (apo) E is involved in maintaining PLTP in th... | The associations between plasma apo AI and E concentrations and PLTP activity suggest that these apolipoproteins are important regulators of PLTP activity in vivo. The increase in PLTP activity in type 2 diabetes is partly related to the changes in these apolipoproteins. | yes |
16,376,769 | Is left atrial index a predictor of exercise capacity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Left atrial (LA) enlargement is related to diastolic dysfunction and mitral regurgitation (MR), both of which are common in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study investigates the association between LA size and exercise capacity in patients with HCM.",
"All HCM patients ... | LA volume index, reflecting the combined influences of MR and diastolic dysfunction, was independently associated with objective measures of exercise capacity in patients with isolated HCM. | yes |
16,374,292 | Is a low blood ethanol level associated with improved cytokine production in aged mice after traumatic injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Many trauma patients have been consuming alcohol at the time of injury. Although high concentrations of alcohol are correlated with poor outcome, few studies have examined the effects of low levels of alcohol. We examined the effects of low alcohol exposure after burn injury using a murine model.... | Low levels of ethanol at the time of injury are associated with partial restoration of immune responses in aged mice. | yes |
16,374,291 | Does tranexamic acid prevent rebleeding in an uncontrolled hemorrhage porcine model? | {
"contexts": [
"Fluid resuscitation after uncontrolled hemorrhage might promote rebleeding and irreversible shock. Tranexamic acid is a procoagulant drug that limits blood loss after surgery of the hip, knee, and heart. We hypothesized that pretreatment with tranexamic acid reduces the rebleeding in uncontrolled... | Rebleeding events increased the amount of blood lost and the mortality in uncontrolled aortic hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid offered no benefit. | no |
16,389,567 | Does alcohol consumption during gestation reduce the histamine and triiodothyronine content of rat immune cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Different factors acting during pregnancy can cause non-morphological alterations of cells which are manifested later, in adulthood. We studied the effect of maternal alcohol consumption for one day in early pregnancy on the hormone content of immune cells in the adult rat.",
"Lactating dams ... | Since the immune system had not developed at the time of treatment (3rd day of pregnancy), stem cells were presumably imprinted. Our results indicate the deleterious effects of early maternal alcohol consumption on the hormone content of the immune system. | yes |
16,380,413 | Are preoperative serum tissue factor levels an independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant that plays an important part in tumor angiogenesis. We sought to determine the role of preoperative serum TF levels in predicting clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer.",
"TF expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain re... | Preoperative serum TF levels are significantly elevated in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Elevated preoperative TF level is an independent prognostic factor for death from disease. | yes |
16,391,483 | Does [ Intravenous oxygen therapy increase the activity of the antioxidative and antiatherogenic serum enzyme paraoxonase 1 ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Intravenous oxygen infusions have been introduced in complementary medicine for treatment of atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. As atherosclerosis and inflammation are causally related to oxidative stress and as intravenous supply with oxygen causes oxidative stress, it was suggested that... | Treatments with intravenous oxygen infusions evoke an adaptation to oxidative stress by an increase of serum PON1 activity. In this regard, a potential molecular mechanism has been found, that explains the protecting effects of intravenous oxygen therapy against oxidative stress and its consequences. PON1 activity is p... | yes |
16,369,808 | Is tissue-type plasminogen activator activity in morphologically normal tissues adjacent to gastrointestinal carcinomas associated with the degree of tumor progression? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether the level of plasminogen activator (PA) activity assayed in gastrointestinal carcinomas and the \"morphologically normal tissues\" adjacent to them is associated with the degree of tumor progression.",
"Tumor and \"normal tissues\" were obtained from gastrointestinal su... | "Morphologically normal tissues" adjacent to carcinomas present abnormal t-PA activity that is associated with the degree of tumor progression. Assaying of this activity could be useful as a predictive parameter. | yes |
16,371,605 | Does bispectral index monitoring improve early recovery of geriatric outpatients undergoing brief surgical procedures? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess if titration of sevoflurane using the bispectral index (BIS) monitor improves the early and intermediate recovery in geriatric outpatients undergoing brief urologic procedures under general anesthesia without muscle relaxants.",
"After a standardized induction with propofol and fent... | In this non-paralyzed elderly outpatient surgery population, the use of BIS monitoring for titrating the maintenance anesthetic (sevoflurane) failed to improve the early recovery process. | no |
16,399,314 | Does chronic aspiration of gastric fluid accelerate pulmonary allograft dysfunction in a rat model of lung transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Emerging clinical evidence suggests that gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with pulmonary allograft dysfunction. In this study, we used a model of rat lung transplantation to test the hypothesis that chronic aspiration of gastric contents accelerates pulmonary allograft dysfunction.",... | Chronic aspiration of gastric contents promotes accelerated allograft failure and may promote a profibrotic environment. | yes |
16,373,300 | Does dexamethasone reduce reintubation rate due to postextubation stridor in a high-risk paediatric population? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of dexamethasone on postextubation stridor (PS) incidence and reintubation rate due to PS in a high-risk paediatric intensive care population.",
"All children aged between 4 wk and 6 y, who were intubated for at least 24 h and extubated between August 1999 and May 2002, we... | The risk of postextubation stridor is relatively high in the group of children aged between 4 wk and 6 y with intubation exceeding 24 h. We found dexamethasone to be effective in preventing reintubation due to postextubation stridor in this paediatric high-risk group. | yes |
16,374,168 | Do thermal injury-induced peroxynitrite production and pulmonary inducible nitric oxide synthase expression depend on JNK/AP-1 signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether burn-induced peroxynitrite production and expression of lung inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, CXCR2, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, and neutrophil chemokine (KC) are mediated ... | Thermal injury induces lung tissue JNK activation and AP-1 DNA-binding activity mainly from airway epithelial cells. Thermal injury-induced peroxynitrite production and lung iNOS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression are mediated by the JNK signaling. JNK inhibition decreases thermal injury-induced lung neutrophil infiltratio... | yes |
16,376,212 | Does vascular endothelial growth factor naked DNA gene transfer enhance thrombus recanalization and resolution? | {
"contexts": [
"Enhancing thrombus resolution may reduce the long-term complications of venous thrombosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether a sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) would further improve thrombus recanalization.",
"Inferior caval vein thrombosis was induced... | VEGF gene therapy of venous thrombus resulted in smaller thrombi with greater recanalization. Angiogenic gene therapy may form the basis of a novel treatment that may improve the resolution of venous thrombi. | yes |
16,401,338 | Does cytoregR inhibit growth and proliferation of human adenocarcinoma cells via induction of apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Cancer is one of the devastating neovascular diseases that incapacitate so many people the world over. Recent reports from the National Cancer Institute indicate some significant gain therapy and cancer management as seen in the increase in the 5-year survival rate over the past two decades. Alth... | CytoregR exerted a dose-and time-dependent growth inhibitory effect in all the target cells through induction of apoptosis via the CPP32 death pathway, independent of hormonal sensitivity of the cells. The present data indicate that not only could CPP32 provide a potential target for regulation of cytoregR-induced apop... | yes |
16,391,154 | Does activation of soluble guanylate cyclase reverse experimental pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"Severe pulmonary hypertension is a disabling disease with high mortality, characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right heart hypertrophy. Using wild-type and homozygous endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3(-/-)) knockout mice with pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia a... | Activation of sGC reverses hemodynamic and structural changes associated with monocrotaline- and chronic hypoxia-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension. This effect is partially dependent on endogenous nitric oxide generated by NOS3. | yes |
16,376,327 | Does autologous myoblast transplantation after myocardial infarction increase the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias? | {
"contexts": [
"Small scale clinical trials suggested the feasibility and the efficacy of autologous myoblast transplantation to improve ventricular function after myocardial infarction. However, these trials were hampered by unexpected episodes of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). We investiga... | In an infarcted rat model, myoblast transplantation but not bone marrow mononuclear cells or myocardial injection per se induces electrical ventricular instability. Because ventricular arrhythmias are life-threatening disorders, we suggest that such preclinical evaluation should be conducted for any new source of cells... | yes |
16,385,253 | Does eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in the cystic fibrosis mouse reduce mucus accumulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Mucus accumulation in cystic fibrosis (CF) is involved in blockage of the distal small intestine. Because expression of mucin genes and mucus secretion can be increased by infection and previous work indicated that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth occurs in CF, we tested whether reduction of... | Eradication of bacterial overgrowth in CF mice significantly decreased mucus secretion and accumulation in intestinal crypts without an effect on mucin gene expression. It is proposed that bacterial overgrowth stimulates mucus secretion, which contributes to its accumulation in the small intestine. Control of bacterial... | yes |
16,385,255 | Do dietary gangliosides enhance in vitro lipid uptake in weanling rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The intestine adapts morphologically or functionally in response to environmental stimuli. Dietary lipids modify brush border membrane (BBM) permeability and nutrient transporter activities. Gangliosides (GANG) are glycolipids in human milk that are present only in low amounts in infant formula. ... | We speculate that the enhanced uptake of long-chain fatty acids in weanling rats fed GANG may be caused by a modification in physical properties of the BBM. | yes |
16,394,916 | Are small increases in extravascular lung water accurately detected by transpulmonary thermodilution? | {
"contexts": [
"Detection of small (10-20%) increases in lung water may be relevant to detect incipient pulmonary edema but no clinically usable method has demonstrated this capability to date.",
"In six pigs weighing 28 to 35 kg, we performed 18 determinations of extravascular lung water (EVLW; transpulmona... | The transpulmonary thermodilution technique accurately detects small increases in extravascular lung water and may permit accurate diagnosis of incipient pulmonary edema. | yes |
16,374,627 | Is elevated plasma phospholipid transfer protein activity a determinant of carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"The plasma activity of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), which has putative pro- and anti-atherogenic roles in lipoprotein metabolism, is increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We analysed the relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), an established marker of atheroscl... | Plasma PLTP activity is a positive determinant of IMT in type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that high PLTP activity is involved in accelerated atherosclerosis in this disease. | yes |
16,385,920 | Is infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae but not Helicobacter pylori related to elevated apolipoprotein B levels? | {
"contexts": [
"Results of many studies show that apolipoprotein B (apo B) is a better marker of risk of vascular disease than other lipid markers including LDL and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. We investigated the association between two infectious agents: C. pneumoniae and H. pylori, known to have an athe... | Apo B levels increased with C. pneumoniae infection. This finding supports the hypothesis that lipid profiles change to atherogenic lipid profile in chronic infections. | yes |
16,380,156 | Does the PTEN tumor suppressor inhibit telomerase activity in endometrial cancer cells by decreasing hTERT mRNA levels? | {
"contexts": [
"Loss of PTEN expression is one of the most prevalent and earliest molecular abnormalities associated with endometrial carcinogenesis. Given that PTEN is often absent and telomerase is overexpressed by endometrial cancers, we hypothesize that PTEN signaling is important in telomerase regulation.",... | Our data suggest that PTEN may regulate telomerase activity by a novel mechanism in which inhibition of Akt activation by PTEN leads to decreased hTERT mRNA levels. Thus, loss of PTEN may allow endometrial cells to continue to express high levels of telomerase activity, facilitating the neoplastic transformation of the... | yes |
16,388,848 | Does effect of curing regime on the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cement applied to an odontoblast-cell line? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cements submitted to different curing regimes and applied to an immortalized odontoblast-cell line (MDPC-23).",
"Forty round-shaped specimens of each experimental material (Fuji Lining LC an... | The light-activation plays an important role in reducing the cytotoxicity of Fuji Lining LC. Following the manufacturer' recommendation regarding the light-curing regime may prevent toxic effect to the pulp cells. | yes |
16,393,772 | Do aurothiomalate and hydroxychloroquine inhibit nitric oxide production in chondrocytes and in human osteoarthritic cartilage? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide (NO) is a destructive mediator produced by activated chondrocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced NO production in chondrocyte cultures, and in human osteoarthritic ... | Aurothiomalate and hydroxychloroquine suppressed IL-1beta-induced NO production in chondrocyte cultures and in OA cartilage. The results suggest an additional anti-inflammatory mechanism for aurothiomalate and hydroxychloroquine and indicates their possible therapeutic value in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). | yes |
16,393,771 | Is syndecan-1 expression upregulated in degenerating articular cartilage in a transgenic mouse model for osteoarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Mice heterozygous for the Del1 transgene locus with a short deletion mutation in the type II collagen gene develop early-onset degenerative changes in the knee joints that progress to end-stage osteoarthritis by the age of 12-15 months. This study focuses on the expression and distribution of syn... | The present temporospatial expression data on upregulation of syndecan-1 in articular cartilage during early stages of cartilage degeneration suggest that this molecule is involved in the attempted repair of cartilage fibrillations. Combined with the known role of syndecan-1 during skeletal development and wound healin... | yes |
16,384,826 | Do urinary excretions of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase predict the development of proteinuria and renal injury in OLETF rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats genetically develop diabetes which is associated with hypertension. In preliminary studies, urinary excretions of L-PGDS (lipocaline-type prostaglandin D synthase) increase before diabetic nephropathy obviously develops, and this may predict progress... | Urinary excretions of L-PGDS are likely to reflect the underlying increase in glomerular permeability. This property may be useful to predict forthcoming glomerular damage following diabetes in OLETF rats. | yes |
16,384,989 | Does absence of chx10 cause neural progenitors to persist in the adult retina? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutation of the Chx10 homeobox gene in mice and humans causes congenital blindness and microphthalmia (small eyes). This study used Chx10-/- (ocular retardation) mice to investigate how lack of Chx10 affects progenitor/stem cell behavior in the retina and ciliary epithelium (CE).",
"The distr... | Without Chx10, proliferative expansion of the embryonic RPC pool is markedly reduced. In the adult retina, lack of Chx10 results in a population of dividing neural progenitor cells that persist and produce new neurons in the central retina. | yes |
16,387,212 | Does prevalence of negative chest radiography result in the emergency department patient with decompensated heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Although chest radiography is quick and inexpensive, previous research suggests that it is often misleading in emergency department (ED) patients with decompensated heart failure, resulting in misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. This study determines the rate of negative chest radiography r... | Approximately 1 of every 5 patients admitted from the ED with acute decompensated heart failure had no signs of congestion on chest radiography. Patients lacking signs of congestion on ED chest radiography were more likely to have an ED non-heart failure diagnosis than patients with signs of congestion. Clinicians shou... | yes |
16,399,290 | Does aprotinin inhibit proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells by thrombin through the protease-activated receptor 1? | {
"contexts": [
"Thrombin is generated in significant quantities during cardiopulmonary bypass and mediates adverse events, such as platelet aggregation and proinflammatory responses, through activation of the high-affinity thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 1, which is expressed on platelets and endot... | This study demonstrates that endothelial cell activation by thrombin and downstream inflammatory responses can be inhibited by aprotinin in vitro through blockade of protease-activated receptor 1. Our results provide a new molecular basis to help explain the anti-inflammatory properties of aprotinin reported clinically... | yes |
16,399,296 | Does endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy remain a poor prognostic factor despite preoperative chemoradiotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"We reviewed our experience with preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and pretreatment endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy.",
"One hundred eighty-six patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus were staged with endo... | Endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus conveys a poor prognosis despite preoperative chemoradiotherapy. These patients should be stratified in future multimodality trials. The investigation of induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiothe... | yes |
16,397,889 | Are connexin43 levels increased in mouse neural crest cells exposed to homocysteine? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated homocysteine levels during embryonic development can result in neural tube and cardiovascular defects. The mechanisms that underlie the toxic effect of homocysteine are largely unknown.",
"We cultured mouse neural tube explants to study the effects of homocysteine on the migratory be... | Increased Cx43 levels were previously shown to result in abnormal embryonic development. Our data raises the hypothesis that the embryotoxic effects of homocysteine may be mediated in part by its effects on Cx43 expression level and gap junction function in neural crest cells. | yes |
16,374,171 | Does beta2-adrenergic agonist protect human endothelial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulatory shock results in hypoxia/reoxygenation processes that lead to the release of reactive oxygen species, endothelial injury, and multiple organ failure. Previous data suggest that beta2-adrenergic agonists prevent endothelial dysfunction. The study aimed at determining whether the beta2-... | These results indicate that formoterol reduces endothelial cell death and reactive oxygen species production in this in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation model. These effects are beta2-adrenergic specific and are partially mediated by nitric oxide synthase. | yes |
16,385,086 | Does thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor activation mediate angiotensin II-induced postischemic neovascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"We analyzed the involvement of thromboxane (TX) A2/prostaglandin (PG) H2 (TP) receptor in ischemia-induced neovascularization in mice.",
"Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced by right femoral artery ligature in male C57BL/6J mice (n=7 per group). Animals were then treated with or without ... | Endogenous activation of TXA2 receptor by eicosanoids did not modulate spontaneous neovascularization in the setting of ischemia. Conversely, TXA2 signaling is involved in Ang II-induced AT1-dependent vessel growth. | yes |
16,385,085 | Is atherosclerosis in mice affected by a reduction in tissue factor expression? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether tissue factor (TF) contributes to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.",
"We determined the effect of a 50% reduction of TF levels in all cells on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. No differences were observed in the extent of ... | Our data indicate that either a 50% reduction of TF in all cells or a selective reduction in hematopoietic cell-derived TF does not affect the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. | no |
16,378,215 | Does 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhance the release of acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"The neurochemical effects produced by acute administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on the monoaminergic systems in the brain are well documented; however, there has been little consideration of the potential effects of MDMA on other neurotransmitter systems.",
"The present... | MDMA exerts a stimulatory effect on the release of ACh in the PFC and dorsal hippocampus in vivo, possibly by mechanisms localized within these brain regions. In addition, these results suggest that the MDMA-induced release of ACh in the PFC involves both serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms. | yes |
16,371,871 | Does age influence the emm type distribution of pediatric group A streptococcal pharyngeal isolates? | {
"contexts": [
"emm types 12, 1, 28, 3, 4, 2 and 6 (in that order) are the types most commonly associated with uncomplicated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis in the United States, together accounting for approximately 78% of isolates.",
"To determine whether the distribution of common pharyngeal group... | Age-related changes in emm type distribution of pharyngeal GAS are present in childhood; these changes may reflect acquisition of immunity to more common types as a consequence of exposure early in life, but this remains to be demonstrated. | yes |
16,375,772 | Are parkin-deficient mice more sensitive to 6-hydroxydopamine or methamphetamine neurotoxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is caused by mutations in the parkin gene which encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Parkin is thought to be critical for protecting dopaminergic neurons from toxic insults by targeting misfolded or oxidatively damaged proteins for proteasomal ... | Our results suggest that the absence of a robust parkinsonian phenotype in Parkin-deficient mice is not due to the lack of exposure to environmental triggers with mechanisms of action similar to METH or 6-OHDA. Nevertheless, Parkin-deficient mice could be more sensitive to other neurotoxins, such as rotenone or MPTP, w... | no |
16,388,481 | Are physical distance , genetic relationship , age , and leprosy classification independent risk factors for leprosy in contacts of patients with leprosy? | {
"contexts": [
"Close contacts of patients with leprosy have a higher risk of developing leprosy. Several risk factors have been identified, including genetic relationship and physical distance. Their independent contributions to the risk of developing leprosy, however, have never been sufficiently quantified.",... | Age of the contact, the disease classification of the index patient, and physical and genetic distance were independently associated with the risk of a contact acquiring leprosy. Contact surveys in leprosy should be not only focused on household contacts but also extended to neighbors and consanguineous relatives, espe... | yes |
16,371,932 | Does sex steroid ablation enhance lymphoid recovery following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) patients experience long-term immunosuppression, which increases susceptibility to infection and relapse rates due to minimal residual disease (MRD). Sex steroid (SS) ablation is known to reverse age-related thymic atrophy and decline... | These data suggest that sex steroid ablation significantly enhances lymphopoiesis following auto-HSCT providing a new strategy for posttransplant immune reconstitution. | yes |
16,401,538 | Does perivascular treatment with azathioprine reduce neointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts? | {
"contexts": [
"Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drug, and it has been shown to induce apoptosis in human T-lymphocytes. We investigated whether local treatment with azathioprine can inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts.",
"C57BL/6J mice underwent interposition... | We conclude that treatment of experimental vein grafts with azathioprine is associated with a reduction of neointimal hyperplasia and an increased apoptosis rate in the vascular wall. These results suggest that azathioprine may be useful for the prevention of vein graft disease after coronary artery bypass grafting. | yes |
16,388,520 | Are elevated serum heparanase-1 levels in patients with pancreatic carcinoma associated with poor survival? | {
"contexts": [
"It has previously been shown that heparanase-1 (HPR1), an endoglycosidase, is up-regulated in pancreatic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to test whether serum HPR1 levels in pancreatic carcinoma patients are elevated, and whether higher serum HPR1 levels are associated with a shortened s... | Serum HPR1 activity in pancreatic carcinoma patients was found to be significantly elevated, in particular in those with HPR1-positive tumors. Increased serum HPR1 activity was associated with a shorter survival in patients with pancreatic carcinoma patients. | yes |
16,374,022 | Does encasement of bedding improve asthma in atopic adult asthmatics? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the impact of impermeable bed covers on asthma in asthmatics with clinically relevant house dust mite (HDM) sensitization.",
"The study included 32 HDM-sensitized asthmatics in whom HDM allergy was considered as a significant factor in their asthma. They were randomized into eith... | Encasement of bedding significantly reduced the Der p 1 levels. However, this was not sufficient to produce worthwhile clinical improvement in those in whom dust mite avoidance might well have been recommended as part of their clinical management. | no |
16,385,089 | Does family history of stroke predict risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack? | {
"contexts": [
"Animal models suggest a genetic contribution to cerebral susceptibility to ischemia. Family history of stroke (FHxstroke) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, but there is significant confounding by heritability of hypertension and other intermediate phenotypes, and it is uncertain whether genet... | Family history of stroke does not predict risk of ischemic stroke after TIA. | no |
16,369,812 | Is macrophage migration inhibition factor elevated in pregnancy , but not to a greater extent in preeclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"Maternal serum concentrations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have recently been reported to be elevated in cases with preeclampsia. These findings may be important in increasing our understanding of the underlying events leading to the development of preeclampsia, as this cytokin... | Our data suggest that circulatory MIF concentrations are elevated throughout pregnancy, but are not further increased in preeclampsia. | yes |
16,392,028 | Is ileum resection the most predictive factor for osteoporosis in patients with Crohn 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Crohn's disease is associated with a host of factors potentially increasing the risk for osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of our study was to identify the most predictive factors for skeletal pathology in this patients.",
"Using a cross-sectional study design, 146 randomly selected patient... | Our data suggest that in patients with Crohn's disease, the risk of osteoporosis is best predicted by a history of ileum resection. | yes |
16,394,685 | Is lorazepam an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Delirium has recently been shown as a predictor of death, increased cost, and longer duration of stay in ventilated patients. Sedative and analgesic medications relieve anxiety and pain but may contribute to patients' transitioning into delirium.",
"In this cohort study, the authors designed ... | Lorazepam administration is an important and potentially modifiable risk factor for transitioning into delirium even after adjusting for relevant covariates. | yes |
16,372,334 | Do e-cadherin polymorphisms and haplotypes influence risk for prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The E-cadherin (CDH1) gene has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCA) risk, however, the exact mechanism is unknown. Several polymorphisms, such as the C/A variant -160 base pairs from the transcription start site, in the CDH1 gene promoter region have been associated with cancer risk, mainly i... | Our data indicate that CDH1 likely is a low-penetrant PCA susceptibility gene, however, population differences in linkage disequilibrium within the CDH1 gene region may influence the effect of susceptibility alleles such as -160A. | yes |
16,400,048 | Do body mass index and waist circumference both contribute to differences in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in nondiabetic adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Overweight and obese individuals are more likely to be insulin resistant and at increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Questions remain as to whether waist circumference (WC) or body mass index (BMI) most effectively identifies insulin-resistant individuals.",
"This study quantified ins... | The more overweight or obese a person, the greater the degree of insulin resistance; differences in adiposity accounted for approximately one-third of the variation in IMGU, irrespective of the index used. Furthermore, there was no difference in the relation between the degree of insulin resistance and either index of ... | yes |
16,385,301 | Do cTLA4Ig introduced by adenovirus vector locally to prolong the survival of xenogeneic skin grafts on rat burn wounds? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to explore an applicable approach for prolonging the survival of heterogenetic skin grafts on burn wounds with CTLA4Ig.",
"An adenovirus vector named Ad-CTLA4Ig, which could express human CTLA4Ig fusion protein, was constructed. Infecting and replicating in 293 c... | Administration of Ad-CTLA4Ig locally could prolong the survival time of xenogeneic skin graft on burn wound without significantly influencing the systemic immune function. | yes |
16,378,715 | Are beta-Catenin mutation and its nuclear localization confirmed to be frequent causes of Wnt signaling pathway activation in pilomatricomas? | {
"contexts": [
"beta-Catenin has been shown to play an important role in the formation of hair follicle-related tumors, including pilomatricomas. Several investigators have shown that beta-catenin gene mutation is observed in pilomatricomas. However, the relationship between the pattern of beta-catenin localizat... | These results confirmed that beta-catenin mutation and its nuclear localization are frequent causes of Wnt signaling pathway activation and suggested that beta-catenin activation mutations contribute to tumorigenesis of pilomatricomas. | yes |
16,398,736 | Does taiwan experience suggest that RhD typing for blood transfusion is unnecessary in southeast Asian populations? | {
"contexts": [
"The high frequency of RhD (D) antigen among Taiwanese persons (99.67%) often imposes unnecessary risks of under-transfusion on D- patients awaiting D- blood. Also because of the rare occurrence of anti-D among Taiwanese persons, routine pretransfusion D typing has been discontinued in the Mackay ... | The results strongly support the exclusion of D typing from routine compatibility testing for individuals of Taiwanese origin. Because the low incidence of D- and relatively high incidence of "Mi(a)"+ phenotypes are common findings throughout southeast Asia, and because a population genetic study revealed that the Taiw... | yes |
16,387,801 | Does leflunomide prevent alveolar fluid clearance inhibition by respiratory syncytial virus? | {
"contexts": [
"Previously, we demonstrated that intranasal infection of BALB/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) resulted in an early 40% reduction in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), an effect mediated via P2Y purinergic receptors.",
"To confirm that RSV-induced inhibition of AFC is mediated by ur... | Pyrimidine synthesis or release pathways may provide novel therapeutic targets to counter the pathophysiologic sequelae of impaired AFC in RSV disease. | yes |
16,387,802 | Does increased glucocorticoid receptor beta alter steroid response in glucocorticoid-insensitive asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucocorticoids (GCs) are highly effective in the treatment of asthma. However, some individuals have GC-insensitive asthma.",
"To evaluate the functional response to steroids of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from sites of airway inflammation from patients with GC-insensitive versus GC-s... | GC insensitivity is associated with loss of GCRalpha nuclear translocation in BAL cells and elevated GCRbeta, which may inhibit GCRalpha transactivation in response to steroids. | yes |
16,387,807 | Does a novel low molecular weight inhibitor of dendritic cells and B cells block allergic inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"During allergic lung inflammation dendritic cells (DCs) direct the generation and function of effector T-helper type 2 cells. T-helper type 2 cells not only orchestrate the inflammatory processes in the tissue by inducing the accumulation and activation of proinflammatory cells but also induce Ig... | VAF347 represents a novel type of immunomodulator by affecting two major pathways in allergic airway pathogenesis: dendritic cell-mediated T-helper-cell activation and induction of IgE production by human B lymphocytes. | yes |
16,387,809 | Does metalworking fluid with mycobacteria and endotoxin induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Human cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have been reported among machinists for over 10 yr. Although mycobacteria have been implicated as causal agents, this has not been established in experimental studies and the mechanisms remain unclear. Other constituents of in-use metalworking flui... | MWFs containing mycobacteria induced granulomatous lung lesions, peribronchiolar lymphocytosis, increased cell concentrations in lavage, and up-regulation of several cytokines. These findings are consistent with HP. | yes |
16,394,901 | Does abdominal insufflation decrease blood loss and mortality after porcine liver injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Uncontrolled intra-abdominal bleeding is a common cause of death in trauma patients in the prehospital and perioperative settings. The detrimental effects of abdominal hypertension are well studied, but the potential therapeutic use of abdominal insufflation for hemostasis has not been fully expl... | In a swine model of catastrophic blunt hepatic injury, abdominal insufflation significantly decreased blood loss and mortality. | yes |
16,378,863 | Does surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage have greater remedial value than conservative therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with that of medical treatment, based on data from the Japan Stroke Registry Study.",
"From 1999 to 2001, 1010 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were registered in the Japan ... | Surgically treated patients, especially those with cerebellar hemorrhage, had significantly greater improvement in NIHSS or JSS score compared with medically treated patients. Our findings indicated that the patients who underwent surgery appeared to have better outcomes. But, because the study was not randomized, this... | yes |
16,384,965 | Does perfusion of his-tagged eukaryotic myocilin increase outflow resistance in human anterior segments in the presence of aqueous humor? | {
"contexts": [
"A previous study by the authors has shown that recombinant myocilin purified from a prokaryotic expression system increases outflow resistance in cultured human anterior segments. The present study was performed to determine whether full-length myocilin purified from a human trabecular meshwork c... | Myocilin purified from human trabecular meshwork cells increased outflow resistance in cultured human anterior segments, but only after incubation with porcine aqueous humor. Recombinant myocilin appears to form a complex in porcine aqueous humor that enables it to bind specifically within the trabecular meshwork. | yes |
16,390,788 | Is third trimester nonrecurrent fetal loss associated with factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the role of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation in the pathogenesis of unexplained second and third trimester nonrecurrent fetal loss.",
"One hundred and fourteen women with unexplained nonrecurrent late fetal loss made up the study group, and 106 normal pregnant women ... | Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations were associated with third trimester nonrecurrent fetal loss. These mutations should be screened in women with third trimester but not second trimester unexplained nonrecurrent late fetal loss. | yes |
16,377,839 | Does magnetic resonance restricted diffusion resolution correlate with clinical improvement and response to treatment in herpes simplex encephalitis? | {
"contexts": [
"A 34-year-old man presented with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing dense foci of restricted diffusion in the temporal lobe.",
"With treatment and clinical improvement, follow-up MRI done 8 days later showed complete resolution of the restricted d... | Restricted diffusion abnormalities on MRI in patients with HSE may be more sensitive to and correlate better with disease activity in HSE. | yes |
16,380,569 | Does epidemiology and correlate of daily smoking and nicotine dependence among young adults in the United States? | {
"contexts": [
"We describe the epidemiology of smoking behaviors in a national young adult sample and identify common and unique demographic, social, and psychological correlates of daily smoking and lifetime and current nicotine dependence by race/ethnicity.",
"Data are from the National Longitudinal Surve... | There are more common than unique correlates of each smoking stage and across racial/ethnic groups. Primary prevention and interventions addressing the factors tested could be uniform for most chronic smokers irrespective of dependence status and race/ethnicity. | yes |
16,386,082 | Does retinoic acid induce VEGF gene expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells ( ARPE-19 )? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to retinoic acid (RA) in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.",
"Expression of VEGF in human ARPE-19 cells was determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase cha... | We demonstrated that atRA stimulates the induction of the VEGF gene in ARPE-19 cells, suggesting a novel pathway for the development of age-related macular degeneration. | yes |
16,384,994 | Does superior cervical ganglionectomy induce changes in growth factor expression in the rat retina? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether sympathetic nerves regulate expression of known angiogenic growth factors.",
"Surgical sympathectomy (SNX) was used to remove sympathetic innervation to the eye. Real-time PCR was used to measure steady state mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, angiopoietin-1, and Tie2. Wes... | Surgical SNX results in a reduction in VEGF gene and protein expression, while increasing protein expression of Ang-1. These findings suggest that sympathetic nerves regulate the expression of angiogenic growth factors in rat retina. | yes |
16,390,758 | Are serum C-reactive protein and plasma homocysteine levels associated with hormone therapy use and other factors : a population-based study of middle-aged Australian-born women? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine levels, use of hormone therapy (HT) and other factors.",
"A 12-year prospective study of 438 Australian-born women (Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project), who at baseline were aged 45-55 years, had menstruated ... | In middle-aged Australian-born women, HT use was associated with increased CRP and decreased homocysteine levels. High CRP levels were also associated with high relative weight, low exercise levels and no statin medication. | yes |
16,373,905 | Is impaired coronary endothelium-dependent vasodilation associated with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and angiographically normal coronary arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"Microalbuminuria and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation are both predictors for cardiac events in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether microalbuminuria correlated with coronary endothelium-dependent vasodilation.",
"We evaluated 84 patients (47 ... | Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria have a more severely impaired coronary endothelium-dependent vasodilation than those with normoalbuminuria. These data suggest a common pathophysiological process for both coronary vasomotor abnormalities and microalbuminuria. | yes |
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