pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
12,769,834 | Is the kinase MSK1 required for induction of c-fos by lysophosphatidic acid in mouse embryonic stem cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The regulation of the immediate-early gene c-fos serves as a paradigm for signal-activated gene induction. Lysophosphatidic acid is a potent serum-borne mitogen able to induce c-fos.",
"Analysing the signalling events following stimulation of mouse embryonic stem cells with serum and lysophos... | These results show that MSK1 is an important ERK-activated mediator of mitogen-stimulated c-fos induction. In addition, they indicate that MSK1 could act through CRE binding proteins to achieve c-fos promoter activation. Thus, they further our understanding of the complex regulation of the model immediate-early gene c-... | yes |
12,777,028 | Do persistent haze and disorganization of anterior stromal collagen appear unrelated following phototherapeutic keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"The theoretical effects on corneal transparency induced by changes in collagen fibril packing following phototherapeutic keratectomy were compared to changes in objective measurements of haze.",
"Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed on the right eyes of four young rabbits; left eyes wer... | Following phototherapeutic keratectomy, anterior corneal collagen fibrils were more widely spaced and unevenly organized than in the normal rabbit cornea. However, this did not cause a significant loss of transparency and was therefore unlikely to contribute to haze. | yes |
12,766,119 | Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetes, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and aging are associated with endothelial dysfunction in various vasculatures. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the renal vasculature cannot be easily assessed, but infusion of L-arginine, the substrate of endothelial nitric oxide syntha... | L-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature is not different between a group of hypertensive diabetic patients and a young, healthy reference group. These data were obtained using low-dose L-arginine infusion. | no |
12,765,672 | Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Current knowledge of the potential effects that several dietary lipids exert on immune functions indicates that these substances participate actively in the modulation of immune system by which they contribute to the improvement of the conditions of patients suffering from inflammatory disorders.... | On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containin... | no |
12,771,803 | Does signaling through PI3K/Akt mediate stretch and PDGF-BB-dependent DNA synthesis in bladder smooth muscle cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the bladder undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia following exposure to sustained mechanical overload. Although superficial similarities in the response of the heart and bladder to hypertrophic stimuli suggest that similar molecular mechanisms may be involved, this rema... | We conclude that distinct stimuli, such as mechanical stretch and PDGF-BB, promote DNA synthesis in bladder SMC through shared downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, phenotypically similar cells from the bladder and heart show comparable pathway activation in response to stretch. These findings suggest that simila... | yes |
12,759,623 | Is temozolomide active in childhood , progressive , unresectable , low-grade gliomas? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the activity and tolerability of temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade gliomas (LGGs).",
"The authors reviewed the records of 13 children (6 months to 19 years old) with progressive LGGs and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of unresectable tumors who were treated wi... | Temozolomide is active in children with LGGs. It is effective in previously treated patients and in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The 42-day regimen appears less toxic than the 5-day regimen. Any impact on survival for these patients remains to be demonstrated. | yes |
12,781,129 | Is neddylation and deneddylation of CUL-3 required to target MEI-1/Katanin for degradation at the meiosis-to-mitosis transition in C. elegans? | {
"contexts": [
"SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) complexes are a major class of E3 ligases that are required to selectively target substrates for ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to the cullin subunit (neddylation) positively regulates activity of SCF ... | We conclude that both neddylation and deneddylation of CUL-3 is required for MEI-1 degradation and propose that cycles of CUL-3 neddylation and deneddylation are necessary for its ligase activity in vivo. | yes |
12,782,800 | Does inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling decrease p63 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the p53 homologue p63 are overexpressed in a significant number of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Epidermal growth factor receptor and p63 both possess oncogenic properties, including the potential to increase cell prol... | ZD1839 downregulates p63 expression at the messenger RNA level, suggesting that p63 is a downstream target of EGFR signaling. | yes |
12,763,134 | Does the inhibitory effect of anti-CD33 monoclonal antibodies on AML cell growth correlate with Syk and/or ZAP-70 expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells express the cell surface antigen CD33 that can function as a downregulator of cell growth, mediating growth arrest and apoptosis. The protein kinase Syk is an essential element in several cascades coupling certain antigen receptors to cell responses. Recently we... | Syk is an important component in the regulation of proliferation in AML cells. The differential response of AML cells to CD33 ligation is associated with the level of the Syk expression. | yes |
12,752,324 | Are allergen-reactive antibodies found in nasal fluids from patients with birch pollen-induced intermittent allergic rhinitis , but not in healthy controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased levels of allergen-reactive immunoglobulins (Igs) have been reported in nasal fluids from patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) sensitive to ragweed and grass. The aims of this study were to make a detailed characterization of nasal fluid Igs in birch pollen-induced IAR.",
... | Nasal fluid Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were found in all patients with birch pollen-induced IAR, but not in controls. However, no significant differences were found between patients during and after the birch pollen season. | yes |
12,752,325 | Is the IL1A genotype associated with nasal polyposis in asthmatic adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease often found coexisting with asthma. As this disorder tends to cluster in families, a genetic predisposition has been suggested. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of NP.",
"We analysed the single G-t... | Our study demonstrates an association of IL1A with NP inasthmatic patients and addresses the role of IL-1alpha as an inflammatory modulator in the pathogenesis of this disease. | yes |
12,756,158 | Does low paraoxonase activity predict coronary events in the Caerphilly Prospective Study? | {
"contexts": [
"The hypothesis that paraoxonase (PON1) has a role in preventing atherosclerosis is based on experimental, transgenic, and case-control studies but has not previously been tested prospectively.",
"The Caerphilly Prospective Study is a cohort study of men aged 49 to 65 years observed for corona... | Low serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon is an independent risk factor for coronary events in men at high risk because of preexisting disease or other CHD risk factors. | yes |
12,756,156 | Is microvascular filtration increased in postural tachycardia syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is related to defective peripheral vasoconstriction of dependent extremities with redistributive hypovolemia.",
"To test whether enhanced microvascular filtration produces leg enlargement, we studied 12 patients 13 to 19 years of age with POTS and defectiv... | Increased microvascular filtration accounts for enhanced leg swelling in patients with POTS with increased arterial blood flow. | yes |
12,752,283 | Does embryonic parathyroid rest occur commonly and have implications in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism? | {
"contexts": [
"Recurrence after surgery for secondary hyperparathyroidism is not infrequent. Regrowth of the residual parathyroid tissue after subtotal parathyroidectomy or of the autograft after total parathyroidectomy occurs in many cases. Supernumerary glands are also frequently cited as the offending cause ... | Parathyroid rests are common and potentially serve as a cause of recurrent disease in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Consideration should be given to performing thymectomy as part of the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. A more detailed study is warranted. | yes |
12,768,067 | Does heparin reduce glomerular infiltration and TGF-beta protein expression by macrophages in puromycin glomerulosclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"In a number of experimental models of nephropathy, heparin is renoprotective because it inhibits mesangial matrix synthesis and cell proliferation; in most of these models, glomerular macrophage infiltration has a pathogenic role. We investigated the hypothesis that heparin might also be renoprot... | The inhibition of TGF-beta in macrophages seems to be part of heparin general activities. The inhibitory effect of heparin on macrophage infiltration and TGF-beta synthesis in this renal disease model supports the notion that heparin and derived molecules constitute potentially useful therapeutic agents in nephropathie... | yes |
12,777,899 | Do oxygen debt criteria quantify the effectiveness of early partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"The effectiveness of partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock with deferment of full resuscitation is critical to successful hypotensive resuscitation.",
"To quantitatively address this issue, 40 canines were bled under anesthesia to a mean oxygen debt (O(2)D) of 104 +/- 7.6 ... | The data suggest that, compared with 120% postshock immediate resuscitation, 8.4% and 15% immediate resuscitation give poorer results, with 30% immediate resuscitation showing mild, transient, but acceptable changes in organ function allowing for a 2-hour delay until full resuscitation, with complete 7-day recovery. Ba... | yes |
12,780,929 | Does health related quality of life in Crohn 's proctocolitis differ from a general population when in remission? | {
"contexts": [
"All treatment in Crohn's disease, although palliative, aims at restoring full health. The objective of this study was to compare health-related quality of life and psychosocial conditions in patients with Crohn's proctocolitis with a general population.",
"One hundred and twenty-seven patient... | The health related quality of life for patients with Crohn's proctocolitis in remission does not differ from the general population. The disease has, however, a negative impact on parenthood, family life and professional performance. | no |
12,781,128 | Does the ubiquitin proteasome system acutely regulate presynaptic protein turnover and synaptic efficacy? | {
"contexts": [
"The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) mediates regulated protein degradation and provides a mechanism for closely controlling protein abundance in spatially restricted domains within cells. We hypothesized that the UPS may acutely determine the local concentration of key regulatory proteins at ne... | Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the UPS functions locally within synaptic boutons to acutely control levels of presynaptic protein and that the rate of UPS-dependent protein degradation is a primary determinant of neurotransmission strength. | yes |
12,781,127 | Does the ubiquitin proteasome system function as an inhibitory constraint on synaptic strengthening? | {
"contexts": [
"Long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity have been shown to depend on changes in gene expression. Although many studies have focused on the regulation of transcription and translation during learning-related synaptic plasticity, regulated protein degradation provides another common means of alte... | We conclude that both pre- and postsynaptic substrates of the ubiquitin proteasome function constitutively to regulate synaptic strength and growth and that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway functions in mature neurons as an inhibitory constraint on synaptic strengthening. | yes |
12,755,840 | Is rescue therapy with tacrolimus effective in patients with severe and refractory inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Oral tacrolimus, approved for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in liver or kidney transplants, has been reported to be effective in anecdotal cases of refractory inflammatory bowel disease.",
"To evaluate the usefulness of low-dose oral tacrolimus in refractory inflammatory bowel disease.",... | Oral tacrolimus is safe and effective in refractory inflammatory bowel disease. | yes |
12,773,985 | Does intestinal transformation result in transforming growth factor-beta-dependent alteration in tumor cell-cell matrix interactions? | {
"contexts": [
"An alteration in the expression of and response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) appears to be an important event during colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the precise role of TGF-beta 1 in colorectal carcinogenesis is not clear. We have previously described in detail the change... | This study provides additional evidence for TGF-beta 1 as a tumor promoter during intestinal carcinogenesis and a possible new mechanism for Cox-2-related colon carcinogenesis. | yes |
12,773,982 | Does relative hyperoxia augment lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine secretion by murine macrophages? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators are seen after open abdominal operations. Macrophages that are exposed to lipopolysaccharide secrete cytokines. Peritoneal macrophages normally reside in a pO(2) of 40 mm Hg. We hypothesize that exposure of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macropha... | Our data suggest synergy between increased pO(2) and lipopolysaccharide for macrophage TNF and interleukin-6 production. Similar pO(2) elevations may occur with an open peritoneum or high supplemental O(2). Cytokines from peritoneal macrophages may contribute to the increased systemic inflammation after open operations... | yes |
12,771,548 | Does theophylline attenuate the adhesion of eosinophils to endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Bronchial asthma is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells into the airways. Binding to adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells is an initial step of eosinophil accumulation in the airways of asthmatic patients. Theophylline has been widely used in the... | Theophylline showed inhibitory effects on both the adhesive property of eosinophils and the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, thus suggesting that theophylline attenuates the adhesive interaction between eosinophils and endothelial cells. | yes |
12,771,545 | Does interaction with monocytes enhance IL-5 gene transcription in peripheral T cells of asthmatic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The regulatory mechanisms of IL-5 gene transcription in human peripheral T cells are unclear because the transfection efficiency of plasmid constructs into nontransformed T cells is very low.",
"Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated blastocytes derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of asthmati... | Our present findings provide a useful model reflecting IL-5 gene transcription in human peripheral T cells in vivo, and clearly demonstrate that an interaction with monocytes enhances IL-5 gene transcription. | yes |
12,771,544 | Are distinct isoforms of protein kinase C involved in human eosinophil functions induced by platelet-activating factor? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent stimulator of eosinophils. Recently, treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor which generally inhibits PKC isoforms has been shown to modulate several eosinophil functions in distinct manners, in that PKC inhibition enhanced CD11b expression a... | PKCalpha, beta and delta are not involved in PAF-induced CD11b expression, but PKCdelta is involved in the PAF-induced activation of superoxide anion generation. | yes |
12,783,156 | Is conditioned place aversion a highly sensitive index of acute opioid dependence and withdrawal? | {
"contexts": [
"Conditioned place aversion (CPA) is known to be a sensitive measure of the aversive motivational state produced by opioid withdrawal in rats made chronically dependent on opioids.",
"The purpose of the present study was to examine the sensitivity of the CPA model in detecting a possible avers... | CPA is a reliable and sensitive index of the aversive motivational state accompanying withdrawal from acute opioid dependence. | yes |
12,755,550 | Does a diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay reliably exclude deep venous thrombosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Because clinical diagnosis is inaccurate, objective testing is usually considered necessary when patients present with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT).",
"To determine whether a negative result on a quantitative latex D dimer assay eliminates the need for further investigation in patie... | A negative result on a quantitative latex d -dimer assay safely eliminates the need for further testing in patients with low or moderate pretest probability of DVT. | yes |
12,774,250 | Does rectocele repair improve evacuation and prolapse complaints independent of anorectal function and colonic transit time? | {
"contexts": [
"Evacuation disorders associated with a rectocele can be improved by rectocele repair. This study investigated whether anorectal function tests results change after rectocele repair.",
"Fourteen patients with 2nd or 3rd degree rectocele and evacuation disorder were treated by posterior colporr... | Rectocele repair improved complaints of evacuation disorder and protrusion, but defecation frequency and stool consistency were not affected. Anorectal function was unaltered after rectocele repair. Selection of patients for rectocele repair should be performed based on evacuation and protrusion complaints, anorectal f... | yes |
12,760,367 | Do tumor vascularity and tryptase-positive mast cells correlate with a poor prognosis in melanoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The importance of angiogenesis in melanoma has been controversial and is not homogeneous. Mast cell density (MCD) is highly correlated with the extent of both normal and pathological angiogenesis, such as that in chronic inflammatory diseases and tumours.",
"We evaluated the prognostic signif... | These data agree with those showing a close relationship between MCD and angiogenesis during tumour progression and demonstrate, for the first time, a prognostic significance of MCD in human melanoma. | yes |
12,781,036 | Does rhein inhibit transforming growth factor beta1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells.",
"A human umbilical ... | Our results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases. | yes |
12,751,135 | Does potentiation of atrial contractility by paired pacing augment ventricular preload and systolic performance? | {
"contexts": [
"Paired electrical stimulation and postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) of contractility has been extensively studied in ventricular myocardium, but less is known about PESP of atrial contractility. Our aim was to determine whether PESP of atrial contractility could augment left ventricular (LV) ... | Isolated atrial myocardium exhibits substantial PESP of contractility, which is similar to ventricular myocardium. In the intact heart, atrial PESP augments LV systolic performance by effecting an increase in LV preload. This technique may provide a means of improving cardiac performance in patients with heart failure. | yes |
12,755,374 | Is interleukin-4 production from human basophils critically dependent on the storage conditions employed prior to stimulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Marked variations in the interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing capacity of basophils can be observed when aliquots from the same cell preparation are kept under different conditions before stimulation. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the functional activity of basophils and to de... | The storage conditions considerably affect basophil IL-4 release and thus should taken into account when comparing results. | yes |
12,755,375 | Do reactive oxygen species downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes by human chondrocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the regulatory effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the expression by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes of interleukin (IL)-1beta, -6 and -8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene in response to interleukin (IL)-1beta or lipopolysaccharide (L... | These data provide an evidence that ROS may have anti-inflammatory properties by depressing inflammatory gene expression. Further, we demonstrate that ROS effects are dependent on the nature of radical species and the signalling pathway that is activated. These findings should be taken into consideration for the manage... | yes |
12,755,373 | Does luteolin alleviate bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in ovalbumin sensitized mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways and the current focus in managing asthma is the control of inflammation. In this study, we attempted to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of a plant derived natural compound, luteolin.",
"We used a murine model of airway hyperreactivity,... | Our study showed that luteolin treatment during and after sensitization significantly attenuated the asthmatic features in experimental mice. Therefore, luteolin could be used either as a lead molecule to identify an effective antiasthma therapy or as a means to identify novel anti-asthma targets. | yes |
12,768,276 | Does the 5-HT1A receptor agonist MKC-242 reverse isolation rearing-induced deficits of prepulse inhibition in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle provides an operational measure of sensorimotor gating in which a weak stimulus presented prior to a startling stimulus reduces the startle response. PPI deficits observed in schizophrenia patients can be modeled in rats by individual housing from weaning unti... | These results suggest that isolation rearing produces deficits in sensorimotor gating in mice that are reversible by activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors, probably somatodendritic 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors. | yes |
12,766,123 | Does human epidermal growth factor enhance healing of diabetic foot ulcers? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the healing effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on diabetic foot ulcers.",
"A total of 127 consecutive patients were screened and 61 diabetic subjects were recruited into this double-blind randomized controlled study. Predetermined criteria were used for diagno... | Our data support the contention that application of hEGF-containing cream, in addition to good foot care from a multidisciplinary team, significantly enhances diabetic foot ulcer wound healing and reduces the healing time. | yes |
12,766,127 | Is percent change in wound area of diabetic foot ulcers over a 4-week period a robust predictor of complete healing in a 12-week prospective trial? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the ability of the 4-week healing rate to predict complete healing over a 12-week period in a large prospective multicenter trial of diabetic patients with foot ulceration.",
"We examined the change in ulcer area over a 4-week period as a predictor of wound healing within 12 weeks i... | The percent change in foot ulcer area after 4 weeks of observation is a robust predictor of healing at 12 weeks. This simple tool may serve as a pivotal clinical decision point in the care of diabetic foot ulcers for early identification of patients who may not respond to standard care and may need additional treatment... | yes |
12,777,265 | Does neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood predict early age at onset of substance use disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"This longitudinal study had three aims: 1) determine the extent to which boys at high average risk and low average risk for substance use disorder differ on a construct of neurobehavioral disinhibition, 2) evaluate the capacity of neurobehavioral disinhibition to predict substance use frequency a... | Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated that neurobehavioral disinhibition is a component of the liability to early age at onset of substance use disorder. | yes |
12,754,026 | Does mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow facilitate heart transplantation in older infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Progression of pulmonary vascular disease limits heart transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to early infancy. Our objective was to assess the impact of bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) on the operative courses of HLHS infants transplanted at ages older than 4 months.... | Pre-transplant mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow simplified management and reduced morbidity for HLHS patients undergoing heart transplantation at ages >or=4 months. This strategy extends the permissible transplant waiting time in older infants with HLHS. | yes |
12,754,028 | Is the Jarvik 2000 associated with less infections than the HeartMate left ventricular assist device? | {
"contexts": [
"Device-related infections remain a considerable problem of left-ventricular support. We compared the device-related-infections between the HeartMate left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and the Jarvik 2000 permanent LVAD, a device with a novel retroauricular power-supply.",
"Between December... | Implantation of the Jarvik 2000 is associated with less device-related infections than the HeartMate-LVAD. The power-supply of the permanent Jarvik 2000 is suitable for long-term mechanical support. | yes |
12,759,941 | Does [ Removal of YY1 binding sites in HPV 16 LCR increase viral transforming activities on mouse fibroblasts ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of removal of YY1 binding sites within the LCR region of HPV 16 on viral transforming activity.",
"Previously we had generated new plasmids carrying HPV 16 whole genome, which contained naturally occurred mutated LCR sequences. The viral transforming abilities on mouse fib... | Like in epithelial cells or cell lines, transcription regulator YY1 is widely expressed in rodent fibroblasts. Removal of YY1 binding motifs can elevate in the context of the whole genome, the anchorage independent growth ability and the transforming capacity of HPV 16 on the mouse fibroblasts. | yes |
12,756,385 | Are red cell and plasma plant sterols related during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads in children with hypercholesterolemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To show whether the ratios of squalene and cholesterol precursor sterols to cholesterol and cholestanol and plant sterols to cholesterol change differently in plasma and especially in the red cells of hypercholesterolemic children during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads.",
... | Consumption of plant sterols increases and consumption of plant stanols decreases the ratios of plant sterols to cholesterol in red cells of hypercholesterolemic children proportionately to the respective changes in plasma. | yes |
12,774,458 | Does interleukin-10 inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase in an animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide (NO) and its role in surgical inflammation are well documented; demonstrating the role of NO in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and ways in which it may be suppressed may provide avenues for immune modulation in the treatment of NEC.",
"We sought to demonstrate an increase in ind... | IL-10 decreases iNOS mRNA response in experimental NEC. This down-regulation may be an avenue for anti-inflammatory intervention in NEC. | yes |
12,757,644 | Does [ Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection induce apoptosis-resistance in gastric epithelial cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish a cell model by chronically infecting human gastric epithelial cells with H.pylori, and to determine the effect of chronic H.pylori infection on apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells.",
"Human non-tumor gastric epithelial cells GES-1 were cocultured with an H.pylori strain SS1 fo... | Chronic H.pylori infection induces apoptosis resistance in gastric epithelial cells, which may increase the risk of the development of gastric cancer. | yes |
12,751,583 | Does training improve divers ' ability to detect increased CO2? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated arterial PCO2 (hypercapnia) is a known risk in diving with closed circuit breathing apparatus. In a retrospective study, we determined CO2 retention and the ability to detect CO2 in novice divers who were either CO2-recognition-trained subjects (TS) or untrained subjects (UTS).",
"Ve... | We conclude that CO2 recognition training improves the diver's capability to detect CO2. We suggest that a diver who is both a poor CO2 detector and a CO2 retainer will be prone to CNS-oxygen toxicity. | yes |
12,757,450 | Does combined skin prick and patch testing enhance identification of peanut-allergic patients with atopic dermatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Food atopy patch tests (APTs) are considered a useful tool for the diagnosis of food allergy. Hypersensitivity to peanuts has not been investigated by means of APTs so far.",
"APTs and skin prick tests (SPTs) with peanuts were performed in 136 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Relevance of pos... | Our data suggest that APTs with peanuts may represent a useful integration to standard testing modalities employed for the diagnosis of peanut allergy in AD patients. | yes |
12,771,503 | Does direct contact between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal fibroblasts facilitate the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Cell-to-cell interaction is thought to be an important feature of a variety of biological processes. As far as the proinflammatory process is concerned, the interaction between mesangial cells and monocytes/macrophages induces the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and this... | It is suggested that the interaction between renal fibroblasts and PBMC was mediated through direct contact and by secreted humoral factors. ICAM-1 on renal fibroblasts may be involved in the direct cell-to-cell interaction inducing MCP-1 gene expression, which seems to be involved in renal interstitial inflammation. | yes |
12,777,951 | Does progesterone influence vascular function in postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"The protective functions of oestrogen therapy alone on cardiovascular risk parameters are well established; however, the action of progesterone on vascular parameters in an oestrogen-deprived environment is less clear.",
"To examine the effects of progesterone alone on vascular function and h... | We conclude that progesterone given without oestrogen does not adversely affect vascular function in postmenopausal women. | no |
12,777,952 | Does hormone replacement therapy cause a decrease in hepatocyte growth factor in hypertensive women? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is associated with blood pressure. We investigated whether the serum HGF level differs between hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women (PMW) and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alters the serum HGF level and blood pressure in hypertensive ... | Serum HGF level before the start of HRT was higher in the hypertensive PMW than in the normotensive PMW. Furthermore, HRT decreases serum HGF without decreasing blood pressure in hypertensive PMW. The HRT-induced decrease in serum HGF was greater in hypertensive PMW than in normotensive PMW, and the decrease was indepe... | yes |
12,763,278 | Does red pepper attenuate cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"The current study was conducted to examine the effect of red pepper supplementation on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, along with its anti-atherosclerotic effect in cholesterol-fed rabbits.",
"Rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks, including a 1% red pepper p... | The current results suggest that red pepper attenuates atherosclerosis, plus plasma CETP would appear to be a risk marker of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. | yes |
12,759,567 | Do anterior hypothalamic lesions inhibit antigen-induced airway eosinophilia in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Although previous studies have found that electrolytic lesions of the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) resulted in the suppression of anaphylaxis, their effect on late allergic responses has scarcely been investigated. To clarify the role of the AHA on possible late asthmatic responses, including... | This study provides evidence that AHA lesions inhibit not only anaphylaxis, but also late asthmatic response related to airway eosinophilic infiltration, possibly via an alteration of the sympathetic nervous function. | yes |
12,774,338 | Is cytokeratin 20 a tissue-specific marker for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in the blood of colorectal cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical benefit of using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assays to detect circulating tumour cells during post-operative surveillance of cancer patients remains unclear. Cytokeratin 20 has been proposed as a tissue-specific marker for the detection of micrometa... | The lack of colon tissue-specificity renders ck20 useless as a marker for the post-operative surveillance of colorectal cancer patients. | no |
12,777,914 | Does single dose of acetylsalicylic acid prevent thromboxane release after tourniquet ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia, such as that caused by a tourniquet, stimulates thromboxane (Tx) A(2) synthesis. TxA(2) might sensitize the operated limb to various complications, such as compartment syndrome and thromboembolic events.",
"We studied the effect of pretreatment with a single dose of acetylsalicylic ... | Pretreatment with a single 100-mg dose of ASA prevents the release of TxB(2) after tourniquet deflation. | yes |
16,398,613 | Does implantation of different malignant human cell lines in an athymic mouse alter success and growth rates of either xenograft? | {
"contexts": [
"Human xenografts in athymic mice are frequently used as preclinical models of cancer to investigate the targeting of drugs. In order to distinguish specific from nonspecific targeting of the xenograft, the mice can be implanted with different malignant cell lines. We studied in xenograft success ... | Implantation of Raji xenografts and HBT 3477 breast cancer xenografts in the same mouse did not affect xenograft success or growth rates, even when whole-body radiation of 4 Gy was used to promote Raji xenografts. These observations are not intended to imply an absence of differences in other biological parameters in t... | no |
16,400,044 | Does calcium supplementation for 1 y reduce body weight or fat mass in young girls? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulating evidence from observational studies indicates that a high calcium intake may reduce body weight and body fat. However, few randomized trials have been conducted.",
"We examined whether calcium supplementation affects body weight and body fat in young girls and whether a relation ... | Habitual dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with body fat, but a low-dose calcium supplement had no effect on body weight, height, or body fat over 1 y in young girls. It is possible that the effect of calcium on body weight is only exerted if it is ingested as part of a meal, or the effect may be due to o... | no |
16,372,800 | Are baseline serum levels of mast cell tryptase raised in hemodialysis patients and associated with severity of pruritus? | {
"contexts": [
"The pathogenesis of pruritus in renal disease is not yet understood. Evidence suggests that mast cells play a role; for example, the number of dermal mast cells is increased in patients on hemodialysis.",
"To investigate a possible role of mast cell tryptase in pruritus of patients undergoing... | Mast cells or even tryptase itself may be involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus of hemodialysis patients. | yes |
16,377,651 | Does nitrous oxide depress electroencephalographic responses to repetitive noxious stimulation in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"Although N(2)O has been widely used as an anaesthetic adjuvant its effect on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity is poorly understood because it is usually studied in the presence of additional anaesthetics, including inhaled anaesthetics. We examined the EEG effects of N(2)O in rats using a h... | These data indicate that N(2)O at peri-MAC partial pressures prevents EEG activation resulting from noxious electrical stimulation. Unlike the situation with isoflurane, stimulus-evoked EEG activation did not occur at peri-MAC anaesthetic concentrations, suggesting that N(2)O potently blocked ascending nociceptive tran... | yes |
16,396,706 | Does infliximab therapy modify MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum concentrations in chronic arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) play a key role in tissue remodelling after processes such as joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Their expression may reflect the disease activity and they could therefore represent a useful marker to assess the efficac... | Our study provides further evidence that blocking TNFalpha by infliximab is a powerful tool in the management of chronic arthritis. Nevertheless, infliximab does not seem to be able to modify the serum expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, probably because modification of these enzymes is restricted to the site of joint infla... | no |
16,398,894 | Is late-life anemia associated with increased risk of recurrent falls? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether anemia is associated with a higher incidence of recurrent falls.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"Community-dwelling sample in The Netherlands.",
"Three hundred ninety-four participants aged 65 to 88 from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.",
"Anemia was defi... | Late-life anemia is common and associated with twice the risk of recurrent falls. Muscle weakness and poor physical performance appear to partly mediate this association. | yes |
16,398,895 | Is body mass index inversely related to mortality in older people after adjustment for waist circumference? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the individual and combined influence of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on mortality risk in older people.",
"Longitudinal cohort study.",
"Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in older people.",
... | Higher BMI values indicated a lower mortality risk once the risk attributable to WC was accounted for, whereas higher WC values indicate a higher mortality risk once the risk attributable to BMI was accounted for. Both BMI and WC should be measured in the clinical setting, but in older adults higher BMI is associated w... | yes |
16,369,988 | Do dysplastic nodules frequently develop into hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Advances in imaging technology have enhanced the detection of small nodular lesions during the course of chronic liver disease.",
"Between 1995 and 2002, the authors examined 154 consecutive patients with small hepatic nodules without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over a median duration of 2... | HGDN should be considered a precancerous lesion when it appears during follow-up of chronic viral hepatitis or cirrhosis. Reduced portal blood flow in the nodule on computed tomography-AP is also an important predictor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | yes |
16,382,331 | Is a positive orientation toward early motherhood associated with unintended pregnancy among New Orleans youth? | {
"contexts": [
"Characterizing young women's willingness to enter motherhood is critical to understanding the high rates of unintended pregnancy among women under 20 years. Our objectives were to discuss a measure called Positive Orientation towards Early Motherhood (POEM), and investigate its association with s... | When interpreting reports of unintended pregnancy, more attention should be given to young women's orientation toward early motherhood. Doing so will inform policies that address both personal and structural factors that contribute to persistently high rates of unintended pregnancy among adolescents. | yes |
16,398,599 | Does short-term soy and probiotic supplementation markedly affect concentrations of reproductive hormones in postmenopausal women with and without histories of breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Observational studies suggest that dietary isoflavones reduce breast cancer risk, and this may be caused in part by effects on endogenous hormone concentrations. Because intestinal bacteria metabolize isoflavones, it was hypothesized that consumption of probiotic bacteria would enhance the biolog... | These data suggest that short-term, moderate consumption of isoflavone-containing soy protein and consumption of these particular probiotic capsules do not significantly alter reproductive hormone concentrations in breast cancer survivors or controls, regardless of equol producer status. | no |
16,398,598 | Do polyphenol contents in grape-seed extracts correlate with antipica effects in cisplatin-treated rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Grape-seed (Vitis spp.) extract (GSE) is a widely used antioxidant dietary supplement. Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin induce oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal tract and cause nausea and vomiting.",
"A rat model of simulated emesis was used to observe that cisplatin significa... | The study data showed variable polyphenol contents and proportions in the three GSEs correlated to variable pharmacologic effects, indicating the importance of standardization of herbal product preparations. However further increasing of the GSE doses reversed the antipica effects of GSEs, probably because of their pro... | yes |
16,397,087 | Are distal adenomatous polyps rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"There is an increased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of left sided adenomas in patients with IBD aged 55-64 years with a local age matched control population.",
"A review of clinical notes. The p... | The results suggest that distal adenomatous polyps are rare in patients aged 55-64 years with IBD compared with a control population. This supports the hypothesis that lesions other than polyps are important for the development of colorectal cancer in patients with IBD. | yes |
16,373,949 | Does selenomethionine prevent degeneration induced by overexpression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein during differentiation of neuroblastoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"High levels of wild-type alpha-synuclein are found in autopsied brain samples of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), some familial PD, some Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome with dementia. Therefore, we have investigated whether overexpression of wild-type alpha-synuclein causes degen... | Data suggested that Overexpression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein-decreased viability and increased the levels of degenerative changes during differentiation of NB cells were reduced by selenomethionine treatment. This suggest that one of mechanisms of action alpha-synuclein may involve increased oxidative stress. | yes |
16,394,085 | Does pituitary tumor-transforming gene regulate multiple downstream angiogenic genes in thyroid cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is a multifunctional protein involved in several tumorigenic mechanisms, including angiogenesis. PTTG has been shown to promote angiogenesis, a key rate-limiting step in tumor progression, by up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothe... | We have identified ID3 and TSP-1 as two new downstream targets of PTTG in thyroid cancer. We propose that PTTG may promote angiogenesis by regulating the expression of multiple genes with both pro- and antiangiogenic properties and may thus be a key gene in triggering the angiogenic switch in thyroid tumorigenesis. | yes |
16,394,089 | Are low sex hormone-binding globulin , total testosterone , and symptomatic androgen deficiency associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in nonobese men? | {
"contexts": [
"The metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by central obesity, lipid and insulin dysregulation, and hypertension, is a precursor state for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether low serum sex hormone levels or clinical androgen deficiency (AD) predict the ... | Low serum SHBG, low total testosterone, and clinical AD are associated with increased risk of developing MetS over time, particularly in nonoverweight, middle-aged men (BMI, <25). Together, these results suggest that low SHBG and/or AD may provide early warning signs for cardiovascular risk and an opportunity for early... | yes |
16,386,552 | Is endourological management better in early-onset ureteral stenosis in kidney transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"The incidence of ureteral stenosis in kidney transplant recipients is 3%-8%. The treatment of ureteral stenosis has been traditionally operative reconstruction, although such intervention is associated with high rates of serious complications, including graft loss and even perioperative mortality... | Balloon dilatation may be considered the definitive procedure for treatment of ureteral stenosis in selected cases. Percutaneous nephrostomy should be used for initial diagnosis and improvement in the renal function before attempting an open procedure. | yes |
16,391,471 | Does hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column reduce the blood level of neutrophil elastase? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether direct hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column (DHP with PMX) could reduce the blood level of neutrophil elastase.",
"20 sepsis patients were enrolled in the study. DHP with PMX was performed twice within a 24-hour period. Neutrophil elastase was measured ... | DHP with PMX has an overall effect that reduces circulating neutrophil elastase levels. | yes |
16,394,844 | Do hIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are not associated with significant viral epitope variation in persons with persistent plasma viremia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether increased sequence variation occurs in regions of endogenous HIV-1 targeted by HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells. The presence of increased variation would be suggestive of immune evasion by HIV-1.",
"We performed a cross-sectional study of untreated HIV-1-infected subjects meas... | In these chronically infected viremic subjects, circulating IFNgamma-secreting CD4 T-cell responses were directed against epitope sequences found in the predominant strain of endogenous circulating plasma HIV-1, suggesting that escape from CD4 T-cell responses is not a common process in vivo. | yes |
16,389,625 | Do chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes deliver gene to the rat liver via intrabiliary and intraportal infusions? | {
"contexts": [
"Chitosan has been shown to be a non-toxic and efficient vector for in vitro gene transfection and in vivo gene delivery through pulmonary and oral administrations. Recently, we have shown that chitosan/DNA nanoparticles could mediate high levels of gene expression following intrabiliary infusion ... | This study demonstrated the potential of chitosan-g-PEG as a safe and more stable gene carrier to the liver. | yes |
16,371,662 | Does prevalence and correlate of ADHD symptoms in the national health interview survey? | {
"contexts": [
"Study the prevalence and correlates of ADHD symptoms in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).",
"NHIS includes 10,367 children ages 4 to 17. Parents report lifetime diagnosis of ADHD and complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Prevalences of clinically significant ... | ADHD symptoms vary by race and ethnicity, gender, and age and are associated with other emotional and behavioral difficulties. Both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of ADHD may be issues in the U.S. population of 4- to 17-year-olds. | yes |
16,385,297 | Is routine follow-up imaging unnecessary in the management of blunt hepatic injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Nonoperative management of hemodynamically stable patients with blunt hepatic injuries has become the standard of care over the past decade. However, controversy regarding the role of in-hospital follow-up computed tomographic (CT) scans as a part of this nonoperative management scheme is ongoing... | These data demonstrate that, regardless of injury grade, routine in-hospital follow-up scans are not indicated as part of the nonoperative management of blunt liver injuries. Follow-up scans are indicated for patients who develop signs or symptoms suggestive of hepatic abnormality. | yes |
16,385,291 | Does rapid warfarin reversal in anticoagulated patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage reduce hemorrhage progression and mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"A prospective cohort study at our institution demonstrated a 48% mortality rate in warfarin anticoagulated trauma patients sustaining intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) compared with a 10% mortality rate in nonanticoagulated patients. Forty percent of patients demonstrated progression of their ICH, de... | Neither the initial GCS nor INR in anticoagulated trauma patients reliably identifies patients with ICH. Rapid confirmation of ICH with expedited head CT scan combined with prompt reversal of warfarin anticoagulation with fresh frozen plasma decreases ICH progression and reduces mortality. | yes |
16,385,299 | Does energy substrate-supplemented resuscitation affect brain monocarboxylate transporter levels and gliosis in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"Monocarboxylate (MC)-supplemented resuscitation has been shown to attenuate cellular injury after hemorrhagic shock. However, little is known about its effect on the central nervous system. The brain can use MCs such as lactate, pyruvate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate as energy substrates. The transit... | In hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation with MC-based fluids increased brain MCT1 level and led to activation of astrocytes. Enhanced MC trafficking could be an essential route for energy supply to neurons under adverse circulatory conditions. | yes |
16,371,787 | Does mitomycin C inhibit recurrent Avellino dystrophy after phototherapeutic keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To report 4 patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD) who were treated with 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) during phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).",
"ACD was confirmed by polymorphism of the exon region in the BIGH3 gene using polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing analysis. Th... | Intraoperative use of topical 0.02% MMC in conjunction with PTK may prevent or delay the recurrence of ACD for at least for 1 year. | yes |
16,371,237 | Does early heart rate recovery after exercise predict mortality in patients with chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have multiple abnormalities of autonomic regulation that have been associated to their high mortality rate. Heart rate recovery immediately after exercise is an index of parasympathetic activity, but its prognostic role in CHF patients has not been determ... | Early heart rate recovery is an independent prognostic risk indicator in CHF patients and could be used in CHF risk stratification. | yes |
16,401,315 | Does insulin sensitivity independently influence brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity in non-diabetic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Measurement of pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is a non-invasive technique for assessing arterial stiffness. Although insulin resistance is associated with intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography, it is not known whether it is related to PWV. The aim of this s... | Insulin resistance is independently associated with PWV in non-diabetic subjects. | yes |
16,393,264 | Is adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood associated with atopic disease later in life? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema in adolescence.",
"Longitudinal birth cohort study of 1328 members born in the city of Nijmegen. Information on ear-nose-throat surgery was documented at 2, 4,... | Our data show no association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and the incidence of atopic disease in young adults. | no |
16,397,029 | Does measurement of serum levels of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 combined with prostate-specific antigen improve prostate cancer diagnosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Current serum testing for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) lacks specificity. On diagnosis, the optimal therapeutic pathway is not clear and tools for adequate risk assessment of localized PCa progression are not available. This leads to a significant number of men having unnecessary diagno... | Serum MIC-1 is an independent marker of the presence of PCa and tumors with a Gleason sum of > or =7. The use of serum MIC-1 significantly increases diagnostic specificity and may be a future tool in the management of PCa. | yes |
16,397,026 | Is overexpression of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 associated with the growth of colon cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To discover novel therapeutic targets for colon cancers, we previously surveyed expression patterns among 23,000 genes in colon cancer tissues using a cDNA microarray. Among the genes that were up-regulated in the tumors, we selected for this study peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 (PPIL1) encodin... | The findings reported here may offer new insight into colonic carcinogenesis and contribute to the development of new molecular strategies for treatment of human colorectal tumors. | yes |
16,397,025 | Does meta-analysis of the p53 mutation database for mutant p53 biological activity reveal a methodologic bias in mutation detection? | {
"contexts": [
"Analyses of the pattern of p53 mutations have been essential for epidemiologic studies linking carcinogen exposure and cancer. We were concerned by the inclusion of dubious reports in the p53 databases that could lead to controversial analysis prejudicial to the scientific community.",
"We us... | We show the importance of accurate functional analysis before inferring any genetic variation. The quality of the p53 databases is essential in order to prevent erroneous analysis and/or conclusions. The availability of functional data from our new p53 web site (http://p53.free.fr and http://www.umd.be:2072/) will allo... | yes |
16,397,020 | Is vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression level preserved in liver metastases compared with corresponding primary colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is associated with colorectal cancer liver metastases. It is reasonable to expect that measurement of VEGF in liver metastases would provide the best prediction of therapy benefit for VEGF-targeted drugs, such as bevacizumab (Avastin)... | Good prediction of VEGF mRNA levels in liver metastases can be obtained by measuring those of primary colorectal cancer. The risk of multiple liver metastatic tumors might be predictable by measuring VEGF mRNA expression in primary colorectal cancer. Further study is required to confirm these preliminary results. | yes |
16,388,189 | Are vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels significantly elevated in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations? | {
"contexts": [
"Since growth and de novo generation of cerebrovascular malformations were demonstrated, a strictly congenital model cannot be further supported as unique factor in the pathogenesis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been demons... | Our findings suggest that VEGF plasma concentrations might play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs. Further studies are necessary and would contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs. | yes |
16,381,993 | Is gH effect on enzyme activity of 11betaHSD in abdominal obesity dependent on treatment duration? | {
"contexts": [
"In the past years the interaction of GH and 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) in the pathogenesis of central obesity has been suggested.",
"We studied the effects of 9 months of GH treatment on 11betaHSD activity and its relationship with body composition and insulin sensitivity... | The study demonstrates that short- and long-term GH treatment has different effects on 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2 activity. Moreover, the data do not support that long-term metabolic effects of GH are mediated through its action on 11betaHSD. | yes |
16,381,994 | Are plasma osteoprotegerin levels associated with glycaemic status , systolic blood pressure , kidney function and cardiovascular morbidity in type 1 diabetic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The bone-related peptide osteoprotegerin (OPG) has recently been found in increased amounts in the vasculature in diabetes. It is produced by vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and may be implicated in the development of vascular calcifications. OPG is present in the circulation, where... | OPG is associated with glycaemic control and CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes, compatible with the hypothesis that OPG is associated with the development of diabetic vascular complications. | yes |
16,396,862 | Is empiric use of ampicillin and cefotaxime , compared with ampicillin and gentamicin , for neonates at risk for sepsis associated with an increased risk of neonatal death? | {
"contexts": [
"We reported previously that the use of cephalosporin among premature neonates increased the risk of subsequent fungal sepsis. As a result, we recommended that ampicillin and gentamicin be used as empiric coverage for early-onset neonatal sepsis while culture results are awaited.",
"To describ... | For patients receiving ampicillin, the concurrent use of cefotaxime during the first 3 days after birth either is a surrogate for an unrecognized factor or is itself associated with an increased risk of death, compared with the concurrent use of gentamicin. | yes |
16,369,992 | Do telomerase-specific T-cells kill pancreatic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Adoptive cell transfer is described as an innovative and challenging option for the treatment of malignant melanoma. In the current study, the generation and expansion of telomerase-specific T-cells for adoptive cell transfer and their use in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model was inves... | Generation of antigen-specific T-cells is feasible; the expansion of these cells could be accomplished without loss of function. Antigen-specific T-cells demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity in a syngeneic, subcutaneous mouse model. However, further optimization of the expansion protocol is warranted. | yes |
16,385,542 | Does activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products in osteoarthritis lead to increased stimulation of chondrocytes and synoviocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The major risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) is aging, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are only partly understood. Age-related accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) could be one of these mechanisms. We undertook this study to investigate the role of the receptor for AGEs... | This study shows that AGEs trigger RAGE on chondrocytes and FLS, leading to increased catabolic activity and therefore to cartilage degradation. AGEs, via RAGE, could therefore contribute to the development and/or progression of OA. | yes |
16,371,405 | Is lymphopenia at presentation associated with increased risk of infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently suffer from infections, but the predisposing risk factors, as well as the exact frequency and nature of such infections, are not fully understood.",
"To describe the frequency, types and risk factors for infections in a group of Chin... | Lymphopenia was an important risk factor for major infections in this group of Chinese patients in the early stages of SLE. SLE patients with lymphopenia at presentation should be closely monitored for the development of infective complications. | yes |
16,399,488 | Do insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia predict carotid intimal medial thickness in patients with essential hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Approximately 50% of subjects with essential hypertension (EH) are insulin resistant, and this defect in insulin action could contribute to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in these patients. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to see if there was a link between insulin resistance (I... | The presence of increased IMT is significantly related to several metabolic and endothelial abnormalities associated with IR/hyperinsulinemia, and fasting insulin independently predicts the thickness of the intima-media layer. These results support the view that CVD risk is greatest in those patients with essential hyp... | yes |
16,399,487 | Are plasma sitosterol elevations associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men : results of a nested case-control analysis of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster ( PROCAM ) study? | {
"contexts": [
"Sitosterolemia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by profoundly elevated plasma sitosterol concentrations, is associated with premature atherosclerosis in some individuals. This study was conducted to evaluate if the modest sitosterol elevations seen in the general population are also associa... | Elevations in sitosterol concentrations and the sitosterol/cholesterol ratio appear to be associated with an increased occurrence of major coronary events in men at high global risk of coronary heart disease. Further evaluations are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings. | yes |
16,397,791 | Do polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce adiponectin in mice fed a high-fat diet? | {
"contexts": [
"Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protect against insulin resistance and obesity in rodents and increase insulin sensitivity in healthy humans. We tested whether the anti-diabetic effects of EPA and DHA involve enhanc... | Intake of diets rich in EPA and DHA leads to elevated systemic concentrations of adiponectin, largely independent of food intake or adiposity and explain, to some extent, their anti-diabetic effects. | yes |
16,373,271 | Does dietary supplementation of carbonate promote spontaneous tumorigenesis in a rat gastric stump model? | {
"contexts": [
"Food supplements are known to affect the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, an animal model of gastric resection was used to investigate the effects of calcium carbonate on spontaneous development of gastric adenocarcinoma.",
"Ninety-two Wistar rats with gastric resections ... | The present results reveal a significant role for carbonate in the induction of gastric carcinoma in the rat. The relevance of this finding is underlined by the fact that carbonate is a major constituent of intestinal reflux into the stomach, and that such reflux is considered to be one of the major causes of gastric c... | yes |
16,373,273 | Does reverse gastric pacing reduce food intake without inducing symptoms in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the therapeutic potential of reverse gastric pacing (RGP) for obesity by studying the effects of RGP on food intake and symptoms in dogs.",
"The study was performed in 9 dogs in 3 sessions (control, strong RGP and moderate RGP). Gastric myoelectrical activity and food intake we... | RGP impairs intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity and substantially and acutely reduces food intake. The reduced food intake and freedom from symptoms resulting from moderate RGP are indicative of the therapeutic potential of RGP in obesity. | yes |
16,373,275 | Do coeliac children on a gluten-free diet with or without oats display equal anti-avenin antibody titres? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies report negligible toxicity of oats in the majority of coeliac disease (CD) patients. It has previously been shown that children with untreated CD have circulating antibodies to oats avenin. In this study we performed serial assessments of anti-avenin antibodies in children under in... | Oats per se, do not seem to produce a humoral immune reaction in children with CD when given in an otherwise gluten-free diet, indicating that the reaction requires gluten challenge. Anti-avenin antibodies were equal in the two study groups, and these findings strengthen the clinical impression that oats can be tolerat... | yes |
16,389,020 | Is spirometry related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal asthma symptoms and pulmonary function are related to adverse perinatal outcomes.",
"Asthmatic patients were recruited from the 16 centers of the Maternal Fetal Medicine Units. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was obtained... | Lower pulmonary function during pregnancy is associated with increased gestational hypertension and prematurity in the pregnancies of women with asthma, which may be due to inadequate asthma control or factors that are associated with increased asthma severity. | yes |
16,398,904 | Is older colder : temperature range and variation in older people? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain body temperatures in older people.",
"Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.",
"A single nursing home, office setting, and community center.",
"One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in... | Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. | yes |
16,394,382 | Is house dust mite sensitivity a factor in chronic urticaria? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic urticaria is one of the perplexing problems faced by clinicians. There are a few reports associating house dust mite sensitivity with chronic urticaria, based upon the patient's history as well as intradermal skin testing and in vitro analysis.",
"To investigate the possible associati... | This study suggests a possible association of house dust mite sensitivity with chronic urticaria. | yes |
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