pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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12,763,289 | Are plasma coenzyme Q10 reference intervals , but not redox status , affected by gender and race in self-reported healthy adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Abnormal concentrations of coenzyme Q(10) have been reported in many patient groups, including certain cardiovascular, neurological, hematological, neoplastic, renal, and metabolic diseases. However, controls in these studies are often limited in number, poorly screened, and inadequately evaluate... | The fraction of ubiquinol-10/total coenzyme Q(10) is a tightly regulated measure in self-reported healthy adults, and is independent of sex and racial differences. Different reference intervals for certain coenzyme Q(10) measures may need to be established based upon sex and racial characteristics. | yes |
12,763,133 | Does p16 ( INK4a ) induce differentiation and apoptosis in erythroid lineage cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Hematopoiesis is regulated by proliferation, differentiation, and death. p16(INK4a) has been reported to regulate apoptosis and differentiation of diverse cells, as well as arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase. The aim of this study is to explore the properties of p16 in apoptosis and differentia... | We propose that p16(INK4a) plays a role in maintaining homeostasis during erythroid differentiation, and that the mechanisms for this effect are not confined to those inducing cell cycle arrest. | yes |
12,777,851 | Does endothelin-receptor blockade mitigate the adverse effect of preretrieval warm ischemia on posttransplantation renal function in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia-reperfusion injury has been established as a nonimmunologic risk factor for the development of chronic graft nephropathy after renal transplantation. This objective of this study was to determine if oral administration of an endothelin-1 receptor (ET-R) antagonist over a 2-month period a... | Chronic administration of a nonselective ET-R antagonist given after the ischemic insult, mitigated the decline in GFR at 2 months. These observations provide an experimental rationale for further investigation of the potential long-term protective effect of nonselective ET-R blockade versus ischemia-reperfusion injury... | yes |
12,760,990 | Is effect-site concentration of propofol for recovery of consciousness virtually independent of fentanyl effect-site concentration? | {
"contexts": [
"Fentanyl reduces the amount of propofol necessary to prevent responses to surgical stimuli. However, opioids have relatively little effect on consciousness. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that fentanyl minimally alters the effect-site concentration of propofol associated with awakening. Fif... | The effect-site concentration for propofol at awakening was virtually independent of the fentanyl effect-site concentration over the range of 0.8 to 3.0 ng/mL; however, 0.8 ng/mL of fentanyl was associated with inadequate postoperative analgesia, and 3.0 ng/mL of fentanyl was associated with respiratory toxicity. The o... | yes |
12,760,992 | Do alpha-2 adrenoreceptors probably mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics? | {
"contexts": [
"Agonism of alpha-adrenoreceptors has a powerful anesthetic result mediated, in part, by effects on the spinal cord. Alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine) can decrease the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of inhaled anesthetics (e.g., halothane) to zero, with an appa... | Although stimulation (agonism) of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors can decrease the inhaled anesthetic concentration required to produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation, blockade of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors minimally affects the concentration. Thus, augmentation of the effect of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors is not an ap... | no |
12,760,996 | Are resistive-heating and forced-air warming comparably effective? | {
"contexts": [
"Serious adverse outcomes from perioperative hypothermia are well documented. Consequently, intraoperative warming has become routine. We thus evaluated the efficacy of a novel, nondisposable carbon-fiber resistive-heating system. Twenty-four patients undergoing open abdominal surgery lasting appr... | Efficacy was similar for forced-air and resistive heating, and both maintained intraoperative core temperature far better than circulating-water mattresses. We thus conclude that even during major abdominal surgery, resistive heating maintains core temperature as effectively as forced air. | yes |
12,777,635 | Are advanced glycation end-products pentosidine and N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine elevated in serum of patients with osteoporosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate serum levels of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) pentosidine and N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML) in patients classified into different osteoporosis subgroups according to histomorphometric data.",
"Serum samples were obtained from 116 osteoporotic patients (34 men... | AGE-modified proteins may be a cause of disturbed bone remodelling in osteoporosis. Our findings do not support the alternative hypothesis that increased AGEs in serum indicate only a more intensive releasing of AGEs in circumstances of increased bone resorption. | yes |
12,780,389 | Is oxygen dependency of the adrenergic Na/H exchange in rainbow trout erythrocytes diminished by a hydroxyl radical scavenger? | {
"contexts": [
"Potassium transport via the potassium chloride cotransporter in rainbow trout erythrocytes is increased by high oxygen tension. It appears that the effect of oxygen is mediated by reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, the activity of adrenergically stimulated sodium ... | The data suggest that hydroxyl radicals are involved in the inhibition of the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange at elevated oxygen tensions. | yes |
12,752,890 | Does acute administration of conjugated equine oestrogen improve exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men with coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The parenteral administration of oestradiol acutely protects against exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in women, but whether this effect is sex-specific is not known.",
"The effects of acutely administered conjugated equine oestrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men with es... | Acute parenteral oestrogen therapy did not increase total exercise time or time to the onset of electrocardiographic changes of ischaemia in men with chronic stable coronary artery disease. These findings contrast the favourable effects of oestrogen in women in comparable studies and indicate a sex specificity for the ... | no |
12,775,255 | Is an Ile93Met substitution in the UCH-L1 gene a disease-causing mutation for idiopathic Parkinson 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain whether a coding mutation (Ile93Met) in ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1) gene plays a role in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).",
"Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP) was used to distinguish the wild-type (two DNA f... | Our study suggested that Ile93Met of UCH-L1 gene did not influence risk of IPD. | no |
12,781,306 | Does mutilation anxiety differ among females with fibromyalgia and functional dyspepsia and population controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies using self-report rating scales suggest a considerable overlap regarding symptom complaints in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and functional dyspepsia (FD), while clinical assessments point to important psychological differences.",
"To test the hypothesis that measurement of psycholo... | Psychological state was differentiated among the three groups. Mutilation anxiety may be a psychological marker of an underlying neurobiological vulnerability for FM or may represent a secondary long-term consequence of chronic illness. In FD, death anxiety is directly related to symptom complaints, suggesting a strong... | yes |
12,771,471 | Does intramuscular alefacept improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis? | {
"contexts": [
"Psoriasis profoundly affects patient quality of life (QOL). Amevive (alefacept), a novel and selective biologic agent, was clinically effective and significantly improved QOL in a phase 2 study.",
"The present placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 study examined the effects of a 12-week cour... | The findings of this study are an important addition to the QOL literature for psoriasis treatments. | yes |
12,771,737 | Does the New York University nerve sparing algorithm decrease the rate of positive surgical margins following radical retropubic prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"We developed an algorithm that prospectively defines when to excise the neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy with the goal of maximizing the performance of nerve sparing procedures while minimizing positive surgical margins.",
"From January 1 to December 31, 2000 a si... | The New York University nerve sparing algorithm prospectively defines when to excise the neurovascular bundle based on Gleason score, perineural invasion and tumor volume in the biopsy specimen. Use of this algorithm decreases positive surgical margin rates, while significantly increasing the preservation of neurovascu... | yes |
12,771,735 | Is percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer significant independent predictor of prostate specific antigen recurrence following radical prostatectomy : results from SEARCH database? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have suggested that the percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy is a significant predictor of outcome among men undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. We evaluate whether either percent of cores with cancer or percent of cores pos... | Percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy was a significant predictor of adverse pathology and biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy, and the cut points of less than 34%, 34% to 50% and greater than 50% can be used to risk stratify patients preoperatively. The finding that percent of positiv... | yes |
12,781,593 | Have the increased utilisation of dopamine agonists and the introduction of COMT inhibitors reduced levodopa consumption -- a nation-wide perspective in Sweden? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the impact of the new pharmacological treatment strategies in Parkinson's disease by analysis of the sales of dopaminergic drugs in Sweden 1990-2001.",
"Invoice statistics and statistics on prescription sales of dopaminergic drugs 1990-2001 were obtained from the 906 public pharmacie... | The consumption of levodopa in Sweden continues to increase in spite of a dramatic increase in the utilisation of dopamine agonists and the introduction of COMT-inhibitors. | no |
12,781,846 | Does postoperative enteral stimulation by gut feeding improve outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"We assessed the clinical effectiveness of postoperative enteral stimulation by gut feeding in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).",
"Medical records of 63 patients who were operated on within the past 4 y due to deterioration of SAP were included in this retrospective study. Patien... | Enteral stimulation by gut feeding is an effective supplement in the postoperative therapy of patients with SAP. | yes |
12,775,579 | Does high-density lipoprotein stimulate endothelial cell migration and survival through sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level is inversely correlated with the risk of atherosclerosis. However, the cellular mechanism by which HDL exerts antiatherogenic actions is not well understood. In this study, we focus on the lipid components of HDL as mediators of the lipoprotein-induced ... | HDL-induced endothelial cell migration and survival may be mediated by the lipoprotein component S1P and the lipid receptors S1P1 and S1P3. | yes |
12,775,575 | Is von Willebrand factor but not alpha-thrombin binding to platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha influenced by the HPA-2 polymorphism? | {
"contexts": [
"Glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha is the functionally dominant subunit of the platelet GPIb-IX-V receptor complex. The N-terminal domain of the GPIbalpha chain contains binding sites for alpha-thrombin and von Willebrand factor (VWF). The human platelet alloantigen (HPA)-2 polymorphism of the GPIbalpha g... | Whereas the Thr145Met dimorphism does not affect alpha-thrombin binding, it does influence the conformation of the N-terminal flanking region and first leucine-rich repeat of GPIbalpha and by this has an effect on VWF binding. | yes |
12,775,576 | Do specific phospholipid oxidation products inhibit ligand activation of toll-like receptors 4 and 2? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that phospholipid oxidation products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (ox-PAPC) inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced E-selectin expression and neutrophil binding in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The current studies identify specif... | These studies report a novel mechanism that involves alterations to lipid raft/caveolar processing, by which specific phospholipid oxidation products inhibit activation by TLR4 and TLR2 ligands. These studies have broader implications for the role of ox-PAPC as a regulator of specific lipid raft/caveolar function. | yes |
12,775,577 | Do genetic loci contribute to the progression of vascular and cardiac hypertrophy in salt-sensitive spontaneous hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"The salt-sensitive Dahl rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat develop comparable spontaneous hypertension on a low-salt diet, whereas only the salt-sensitive Dahl rat strain develops a striking increase in blood pressure and cardiovascular hypertrophy on a high-salt diet. We set out to ident... | This study demonstrates a strong correlation between AH and LVH in salt-sensitive hypertension and identifies QTLs contributing to the progression of cardiovascular hypertrophy in this condition. | yes |
12,767,501 | Does magnetic resonance imaging identify cytoarchitectonic subtypes of the normal human cerebral cortex? | {
"contexts": [
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows a detailed \"in vivo\" macroscopic study of the human brain; previously, it has been demonstrated that Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequence shows higher signal intensity of cortices belonging to limbic structures.",
"To measure and compa... | Structural characteristics of the cerebral cortex cause changes in its signal intensity. Magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR sequence) allows discrimination of different cytoarchitectonic areas of the human cerebral cortex. | yes |
12,771,607 | Is albumin-adjusted calcium suitable for diagnosis of hyper- and hypocalcemia in the critically ill? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether calcium adjusted for albumin can be used to monitor calcium homeostasis in critically ill patients.",
"Prospective single-single center observational study.",
"Clinical laboratory and critical care unit of a regional teaching hospital.",
"Fifty-three paired samples... | Albumin-adjusted calcium cannot be used in an intensive care setting to monitor reliably the calcium levels in critically ill patients and should be replaced by measurement of ionized calcium. | no |
12,774,386 | Does [ Studies on the chemical constituents of the stem of Alyxia sinensis ( I ) ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To demonstrate the chemical constituents of Alyxia sinensis.",
"Phytochmical experiment was carried out, using column chromatograph technologies.",
"Five compounds have been isolated from the petroleum ether soluble part of the stems of A. sinensis. Their structures have been elucidated r... | All these compounds are firstly been isolated from A. sinensis. And compound 5-9, 10, 11 are also been separated from Alyxiae genus for the first time. | yes |
12,768,947 | Is intramuscular penicillin more effective than oral penicillin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever -- a systematic review? | {
"contexts": [
"People with a history of rheumatic fever (RF) are at high risk of recurrent attacks and of developing rheumatic heart disease following a streptococcal throat infection. Giving penicillin to these people can prevent recurrent attacks of RF and subsequent rheumatic heart disease. However, there is... | Intramuscular penicillin seemed to be more effective than oral penicillin in preventing RF recurrence and streptococcal throat infections. Two-weekly or 3-weekly injections appeared to be more effective than 4-weekly injections. However, the evidence is based on poor-quality trials and the use of outdated formulations ... | yes |
12,771,259 | Does a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia map to chromosome 7q11-21? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) and map its genetic locus.",
"PCH is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormally small cerebellum and brainstem. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been implied in many cases, but no genetic loci have be... | This pedigree represents a novel form of autosomal recessive PCH, which the authors propose to call cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly (CLAM). This disorder maps to chromosome 7q11-21, and this locus was named CLAM. This report represents the first identification of a genetic locus for PCH. | yes |
12,762,242 | Does [ Diagnostic value and cytomorphologic findings in bone marrow puncture in children with severe deficiency anemia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the diagnostic and prognostic value the bone marrow aspiration in children with severe deficiency anaemia.",
"In this retrospective study we analysed 75 children 0-4 years of age who were diagnosed and treated from severe anaemia (Hb < 8g/dl) at Haematologic outpatient and hospit... | The most frequent found features of bone marrow aspirate were: feriprivic flora with dyshematopoesis. There was only one case of the megaloblastic bone marrow. But, the finding of dymorphic bone marrow indicated to pluricareny of ethiologic factors for beginning severe nutrititive anaemia. Special value of this paper w... | yes |
12,765,348 | Do macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG.",
"Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in... | This is the first demonstration of macrophages present in human reproductive tissues containing LH/hCG receptors. The receptor presence suggests that LH and hCG may regulate macrophage functions in gonadal as well as in non-gonadal target tissues. | yes |
12,765,343 | Are pre-ovulatory granulosa cells of infertile women with endometriosis less sensitive to luteinizing hormone? | {
"contexts": [
"Reduced fertilization rates in women with minor endometriosis may be the result of direct effects on the ovary or to primary dysfunction within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. This controlled study was designed to examine the steroidogenic potential of luteinized granulosa cells in women... | In women with endometriosis, granulosa cells were less sensitive to LH stimulation. This provides further evidence for primary ovarian dysfunction as a significant contributory cause of the associated subfertility. | yes |
12,767,089 | Is elevated serum endostatin associated with poor outcome in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Endostatin is a cleaved fragment of collagen Type XVIII and has antiangiogenic activity. The clinical significance of circulating, soluble endostatin (S-endostatin) is not known.",
"Pretreatment S-endostatin and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (S-VEGF) levels were measured in 143 pat... | High pretreatment levels of S-endostatin are associated with high serum VEGF levels and poor survival in patients with NHL. Prospective studies are warranted to establish the clinical value of longitudinal S-endostatin measurements. | yes |
12,774,954 | Does lazaroid attenuate edema by stabilizing ATPase in the traumatized rat brain? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic value of the lazaroid U-83836E on blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and edema with respect to the changes in the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities, tissue malondialdehyde leve... | U-83836E given prophylactically after cerebral trauma appears to reduce edema, possibly by inhibiting increases in lipid peroxidation and by stabilizing ATPase. Further studies are recommended to verify the similar effects of the brain penetrating lazaroids when they are given after trauma. | yes |
12,761,943 | Do [ The intraoperative application of neural response telemetry with the nucleus CI24M cochlear implant ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To test device integrity and objective auditory reaction for cochlear implant patients intraoperatively.",
"Our protocol for intraoperative testing of the implant device includes device electrode impedance test and neural response telemetry (NRT), which measures the electrically evoked audito... | The intraoperative measurements of device function and NRT are quite simple, quick and with high accuracy. Inner ear malformation is an important factor that may affect NRT results. | yes |
12,764,233 | Are major risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young modifiable? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage, we designed a case-control study of men and women 18 to 49 years of age (the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project [HSP]). This report focuses on SAH.",
"Patients were recruited from 44 hospitals in the United State... | Aneurysmal SAH may be largely a preventable disease among the young and middle-aged because several prevalent risk factors can be modified by medication (eg, hypertension) or behavioral change (eg, cigarette smoking, cocaine use). The association of caffeine and nicotine in pharmaceutical products and aneurysmal SAH wa... | yes |
12,782,523 | Is acute pain underassessed in out-of-hospital emergencies? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the quality of pain assessment by emergency medical services (EMS) in out-of-hospital emergencies.",
"A prospective study was conducted on a convenience sample of patients during a one-year observation period. Pain ratings assessed by emergency patients were documented at three di... | EMS providers significantly underestimate their patients' pain severity. EMS providers should be more attentive to their patients' complaints and comfort. | yes |
12,781,875 | Is the surgical error examination a novel method for objective technical knowledge assessment? | {
"contexts": [
"Objective analysis of surgical skill is necessary. A novel method of assessment using simple error analysis in synthetic models is examined for construct validity.",
"Two examination protocols were devised using synthetic models. These contained either a purpose made error or were representat... | Construct validity has been established by showing that error analysis is able to distinguish surgeons with varying levels of experience. | yes |
12,753,322 | Does hypertension increase expression of growth factors and MHC II in chronic allograft nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypertension of the recipient is strongly associated with chronic allograft nephropathy. It is unclear, however, whether hypertension is the cause or the consequence of chronic allograft nephropathy.",
"The present study was performed in the Fisher to Lewis rat kidney transplant model. Transp... | We conclude that hypertension augments the expression of growth factors in the allograft possibly aggravating the intimal hyperplasia observed in chronic allograft nephropathy. By increasing the expression of MHC II antigens, hypertension may render the allograft more susceptible to alloantigen-dependent damage. Hypert... | yes |
12,778,394 | Does suboptimal restraint affect the pattern of abdominal injuries in children involved in motor vehicle crashes? | {
"contexts": [
"Both solid and hollow visceral abdominal injuries have been associated with the use of seat belts in children involved in motor vehicle crashes. The relationship between the types of restraint used and the pattern of abdominal injury is unknown.",
"A probability sample of restrained children ... | Among restrained children with intraabdominal injuries, those who were suboptimally restrained were 4 times more likely to have a hollow visceral than a solid visceral injury when compared with those who were optimally restrained. This suggests that the mechanism of injury for hollow viscus may be directly related to t... | yes |
12,775,243 | Does nitric oxide open second window of protection in ischemic preconditioning via induction of heat-shock protein 72? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis during ischemic preconditioning (IP) upon the induction of heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72) and the size-limiting effect of the second window of protection on infarction.",
"Rabbits were subjected to either 4 cycles of 5-min long coronary ... | These findings suggest that NO may be involved in the induction of HSP72 and the opening of the second window of protection of IP. | yes |
12,764,276 | Does oscillatory shear stress increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation? | {
"contexts": [
"Hemodynamic forces affect smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of oscillatory shear stress (SS) on SMC proliferation and signal transduction pathways that control survival are not well described.",
"Bovine aortic SMC were exposed... | SMC directly respond to oscillatory SS by increasing DNA synthesis, proliferation, and activation of the PI3K-Akt signal transduction pathway. These results suggest a mechanism of SMC survival and proliferation in response to endothelial-denuding arterial injury. | yes |
12,752,836 | Does unsteadiness reported by older hospitalized patients predict functional decline? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether a simple question about steadiness at admission predicts in-hospital functional decline and whether unsteadiness at admission predicts failure of in-hospital functional recovery of patients who have declined immediately before hospitalization.",
"Prospective cohort study.... | A simple question about steadiness identified patients at increased risk for in-hospital ADL decline and, in patients who lost ADL function immediately before admission, failure to recover. | yes |
12,782,568 | Does targeting of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibit hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced angiogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) can sufficiently and independently induce pathophysiological angiogenesis. However, the treatment strategies have mostly been unsuccessful. The present study is the first to evaluate the possible targeting of downstream signals for the inhibition o... | These data indicate that MEK and PI3K inhibitors represent a promising approach to the clinical management of pathological conditions characterized by overt HGF/SF-induced angiogenesis. | yes |
12,771,966 | Are nutrient intake and iron status of urban poor and rural poor without access to rice fields affected by the emerging economic crisis : the case of pregnant Indonesian women? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the adequacy of nutrient intake in comparison with the Indonesian Estimated Average Requirement (EARs) among pregnant Indonesian women and explain the short-term effect of economic crisis on nutrient intake and iron status.",
"Cross-sectional study.",
"Purworejo District, Cen... | Urban poor and rural poor landless women were most directly affected by the emerging economic crisis. | yes |
12,771,515 | Does the bifunctional rat pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor/monitor peptide provide protection against premature activation of pancreatic juice? | {
"contexts": [
"In the rat, two forms of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, PSTI-I and PSTI-II, are secreted into pancreatic juice. It is assumed that their role is to protect the pancreas from premature activation of the protease-rich pancreatic juice. In the small intestine, PSTI-I, also called 'monit... | Our experiments support a dual function of PSTI-I: monitoring protein in the gut due to its 'moderate' affinity for trypsin and a protective role in the pancreas. | yes |
12,780,398 | Does topical medication interfere with face-down positioning after macular hole surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether different procedures of topical medication interfere with postoperative face-down positioning and thereby influence the anatomical success rate of macular hole surgery.",
"A total of 39 consecutive eyes with macular holes were operated with vitrectomy and fluid-gas exch... | The present study indicates that frequent postoperative administration of eye drops reduces the success rate of macular hole surgery. To prevent patients from looking upwards during the instillation of topical antibiotics and steroids, the use of ointments is recommended. | yes |
12,780,748 | Is the corticotrophin-releasing hormone test the most reliable noninvasive method to differentiate pituitary from ectopic ACTH secretion in Cushing 's syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been reported previously that the paired interpretation of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the 8-mg dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST) could have higher diagnostic power than any single test in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. This fi... | The present data suggest that the CRH is likely to be the most reliable noninvasive diagnostic procedure for the differential diagnosis of the ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. The criterion for a diagnosis of EAS is an ACTH percentage increment lower than 50%. The use of a combination of tests is not recommended beca... | yes |
12,766,658 | Does intraspinal adenosine induce spinal cord norepinephrine release in spinal nerve-ligated rats but not in normal or sham controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Intrathecal adenosine is antinociceptive under conditions of central sensitization, but not in response to acute stimuli in normals. The reasons for this selective circumstance of action remain unclear, but some evidence links adenosine's antinociceptive effects to release of norepinephrine by te... | This is the first study to provide direct evidence that adenosine is able to release norepinephrine in spinal cord dorsal horns in living animals. However, this effect was only seen in animals after spinal nerve ligation. These data are consistent with behavioral studies demonstrating that adenosine's antinociceptive e... | yes |
12,766,657 | Are postoperative morphine use and hyperalgesia reduced by preoperative but not intraoperative epidural analgesia : implications for preemptive analgesia and the prevention of central sensitization? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control.",
"Patients und... | Preincisional administration of epidural lidocaine and fentanyl was associated with a significantly lower rate of morphine use, lower cumulative morphine consumption, and reduced hyperalgesia compared with a sham epidural condition. These results highlight the importance of including a standard treatment control group ... | yes |
12,766,659 | Does intrathecal morphine reduce the visceromotor response to acute uterine cervical distension in an estrogen-independent manner? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute uterine cervical distension (UCD) forms the basis for obstetric and some gynecologic pain. Systemic morphine inhibits the visceromotor response to UCD in rats by an action in the central nervous system, but the effect of morphine is blocked by exposure to estrogen. The purpose of the presen... | These data suggest that intrathecal morphine is effective in reducing the visceromotor response to UCD and that the reduction in efficacy of systemic morphine in this model is unlikely to reflect a reduction of the efficacy of morphine at the spinal level. These data agree with clinical studies that indicate that syste... | yes |
12,781,033 | Is electro-anatomic mapping of the right atrium : anatomic abnormality an important substrate? | {
"contexts": [
"To map and compare the right atrium in patients with AF to those with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias (AVNRT, as control group) and to investigate the anatomical and electrophysiological abnormality of the right atrium in AF.",
"The anatomy and electrophysiology of right atrium ... | The right atrial volume is larger; both the length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus are greater. Unipolar and bipolar voltages in the right atrium are higher in AF than in AVNRT, suggesting that the enlarged right atrium, increased length and width of cavotricuspid isthmus, and concomitant atrial hypertrophy are impo... | yes |
12,771,700 | Do adolescent girls ' personal experience with Baby Think It Over infant simulator? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore adolescent girls' personal experience with an infant simulator that had to be cared for over a period of 1 to 2 weeks.",
"This qualitative study employed the phenomenological approach and utilized Colaizzi's method of analysis. Participants were nine adolescent high school girls wh... | The new perspectives gained by the participants about parenting a newborn infant differed markedly from the romantic fantasies they held prior to the experience. The teens started thinking more seriously about the consequences of sexual activity. Used for 1 to 2 weeks, in conjunction with budgeting exercises and provoc... | yes |
12,768,669 | Do [ Clinical application of the multichannel auditory brainstem implant ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the surgical techniques and speech performance of multichannel auditory brainstem implant (ABI) in patients with bilateral acoustic neuromas (neurofibromatosis type 2).",
"The nucleus 21 channel auditory brainstem implant was implanted into the lateral recess of the fourth vent... | The multichannel ABI could effectively restore auditory sensations in patients deafened by bilateral acoustic neuromas. The accurate location of the cochlear nucleus complex during surgery was the key factor for the success of the operation. | yes |
12,752,523 | Does foam during reconstitution affect the potency of botulinum toxin type A? | {
"contexts": [
"Among factors that may affect the potency of botulinum toxin A (Botox), it is said that foam, together with bubbles, may cause surface denaturation of the toxin.",
"To determine whether the muscle relaxation effect of Botox is preserved and has the same duration when it is reconstituted in th... | Botox maintains its potency even in the presence of foaming during the reconstitution process. | no |
12,752,525 | Do deep resting glabellar rhytides respond to BTX-A and Hylan B? | {
"contexts": [
"BTX-A is the standard treatment for glabellar furrows. However, some individuals have resting glabellar rhytides that are sufficiently deep that they respond poorly to BTX-A alone.",
"To compare the efficacy of BTX-A combined with intradermal Hylan B with the efficacy of BTX-A alone in indivi... | Moderate to severe glabellar rhytides were treated better by BTX-A combined with Hylan B injection than by BTX-A alone. | yes |
12,769,148 | Does corneal thickness result in the Menicon Z 30-day continuous wear and ACUVUE 7-day extended-wear contact lens clinical trial? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was conducted to measure the corneal thickness changes associated with wearing 30-day tisilfocon A (Dk = 163) and 6-day etafilcon A (Dk = 28) contact lenses. The probable cause of the outcomes is discussed.",
"Thirty subjects were fitted with Menicon Z rigid gas-permeable (RGP) con... | Patients wearing high-Dk RGP contact lenses for continuous wear may have thinner corneas (within the normal thickness range) probably because of minimal hypoxia-induced corneal stromal swelling; RGP-induced reversible corneal epithelial compression; deceased epithelial sloughing; or long-term contact lens-induced kerat... | yes |
12,762,273 | Does exercise training counteract the abnormal release of plasma endothelin-1 in normal subjects at risk for hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"The hypothesis that in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents exercise training could influence the systemic release of endothelin (ET)-1 during a provocative testing protocol was tested.",
"The provocative handgrip test was performed in four groups of healthy young age-matched males:... | Routine aerobic exercise appeared to counteract the handgrip-induced abnormal release of plasma ET-1 and may favorably affect the preclinical endothelial alterations seen in healthy offspring of hypertensive parents. | yes |
12,762,270 | Are patients with chronic heart failure encountered in daily clinical practice different from the `` typical '' patient enrolled in therapeutic trials? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in randomized clinical trials on congestive heart failure treatment with those of real-world patients encountered in daily clinical practice.",
"We searched the Cochrane review methodology, Medline and Silv... | Our data suggest that most clinical trials on congestive heart failure, on which the guidelines for clinical practice are based, have generally included patients who are not representative of the whole spectrum of patients actually managed in clinical practice. | yes |
12,775,736 | Is topotecan an active agent in the first-line treatment of metastatic or recurrent endometrial carcinoma : Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3E93? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the clinical activity and the toxicity profile of the topoisomerase-I inhibitor, topotecan, in women with recurrent or advanced endometrial carcinoma.",
"A prospective, phase II clinical trial was initiated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Patients had histologic... | Topotecan is an active agent for the treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma. At the doses and schedules initially used, toxicities were unacceptable; however, at the modified doses, toxicities were acceptable and clinical activity was preserved. | yes |
12,752,347 | Is rabeprazole superior to omeprazole for the inhibition of peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in Helicobacter pylori-negative subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid output is considered to be a reliable means to evaluate drug-mediated inhibition of stimulated gastric acid output, an important measure of the efficacy of the agents--such as proton pump inhibitors--used to treat acid-related disorders.",
"To compare the ... | Rabeprazole, 20 mg, demonstrated superior control of peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion compared with omeprazole, 20 mg, after the first dose and after the eighth daily dose. Rabeprazole achieved a more rapid onset of acid inhibition and a greater steady-state reduction in peptone meal-stimulated gastric ac... | yes |
12,763,641 | Is circulating adrenomedullin increased in relation with increased creatinine and atrial natriuretic peptide in liver-transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulating adrenomedullin (ADM), a potent vasorelaxing and natriuretic peptide involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, is increased after cardiac and renal transplantation. ADM is also implicated in hemodynamic abnormalities during liver cirrhosis, but whether ADM is increased late after liver t... | Liver-transplant patients exhibit a sustained increase in circulating ADM. Such an increase likely results from renal impairment associated with volume regulation abnormalities, suggesting a potential role for ADM in volume regulation after liver transplantation. | yes |
12,751,983 | Does a family history of smoking predict heightened levels of stress-induced cigarette craving? | {
"contexts": [
"Individuals with histories of smoking in first-degree relatives are significantly more likely to be persistent smokers themselves. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown. Considerable research has demonstrated that smokers display heightened levels of cigarette craving after bein... | The higher levels of stress-induced cigarette craving demonstrated experimentally for individuals with family histories of smoking suggest one mechanism for their poorer cessation success. | yes |
12,778,023 | Are early changes in left ventricular volume and function predictors for long-term remodeling in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction and preserved systolic function? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to describe the degree of long-term left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute transmural myocardial infarction with preserved LV systolic function, and to evaluate whether Doppler echocardiographic parameters in the early phase could predict this process.",
"A total of 60 patient... | Twelve percent of patients with Q-wave infarction and ejection fraction > or = 0.40 experienced significant LV dilatation at 2 years, and this late remodeling was partly related to baseline filling characteristics. | yes |
12,783,350 | Do drainage of deep pelvic abscesses using therapeutic echo endoscopy? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endosonographically guided transrectal aspiration and drainage by plastic stent of deep pelvic abscesses, using a therapeutic echo endoscope device.",
"Between September 2000 and June 2001, 12 patients (nine men, three women, ... | EUS-guided drainage of deep pelvic abscesses could offer an alternative treatment to surgery in the management of these postoperative complications. | yes |
12,771,805 | Does functional response of bladder strips from streptozotocin diabetic rats depend on bladder mass? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the relationship of bladder mass to responses to electrical field stimulation and adrenergic agonists in diabetic rat bladders.",
"Longitudinal strips were removed from the ventral and dorsal detrusor of age matched control, 2-month diabetic and sucrose drinking rats. Contract... | Our results suggest that the responsiveness of diabetic rat bladder to electrical field stimulation and adrenergic agonists is related to bladder mass, analogous to observations after partial outlet obstruction. Decreased function was particularly apparent in dorsal strips from diabetic rats with a large bladder. | yes |
12,753,285 | Does cyclic AMP activate B-Raf and ERK in cyst epithelial cells from autosomal-dominant polycystic kidneys? | {
"contexts": [
"The proliferation of mural epithelial cells is a major cause of progressive cyst enlargement in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates the proliferation of cells from ADPKD cysts, but not cells from normal human kidney cortex ... | cAMP activates ERK and increases proliferation of ADPKD epithelial cells, but not cells from normal human kidney cortex, through the sequential phosphorylation of PKA, B-Raf and MAPK in a pathway separate from, but complementary to, the classical receptor tyrosine kinase cascade. Consequently, cAMP and EGF have great p... | yes |
12,766,640 | Does accelerometry of adductor pollicis muscle predict recovery of respiratory function from neuromuscular blockade? | {
"contexts": [
"Residual paralysis increases the risk of pulmonary complications but is difficult to detect. To test the hypothesis that accelerometry predicts effects of residual paralysis on pulmonary and upper airway function, the authors related tests of pulmonary and pharyngeal function to accelerometry of ... | Impaired inspiratory flow and upper airway obstruction frequently occur during minimal neuromuscular blockade (TOF ratio 0.8), and extubation may put the patient at risk. Although a TOF ratio of unity predicts a high probability of adequate recovery from neuromuscular blockade, respiratory function can still be impaire... | yes |
12,766,644 | Does propofol increase phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin light chain 2 via protein kinase C activation in cardiomyocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Troponin I (TnI) and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) are important myofibrillar proteins involved in the regulation of myofilament calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity and cardiac inotropy. The objectives of this study were to determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating propofol-induced changes i... | These results suggest that propofol increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity via a PKC-dependent pathway involving the phosphorylation of MLC2. | yes |
12,783,131 | Does vitamin C protect against lysophosphatidylcholine-induced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"It is well documented that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) can stimulate human vascular endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Vitamin C is known to be an important antioxidant for vasodilatation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pretre... | Our findings imply that pretreatment with vitamin C can suppress lysoPC-induced expression and secretion of MCP-1 in cultured HUVECs. Therefore, vitamin C is protective against lysoPC-mediated inflammatory insults to the vascular endothelium in vitro. | yes |
12,768,727 | Do [ Localization of upper airway stricture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by CT scan ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the diagnostic significance of CT scan in the localization of the stricture in the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).",
"Fifty-four patients with OSAS were included in this study. CT scan evaluated the upper airway from the roof of nasopharynx t... | Most patients with OSAS had anatomic upper airway strictures, the CT scan can localize the stricture site very well. | yes |
12,752,461 | Do short bursts of weak pulses break postictal inhibition in the neocortex of Wistar rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Postictal inhibition (PI) is a decrease in excitability that follows an epileptic seizure and decreases probability of new seizure occurrence. PI may involve both increased inhibition and persisting elevated excitation. Our experiments tested whether shorter trains of weak stimuli are able to unm... | It is apparent that weak stimulation can trigger epileptic phenomena during PI. Our results indicate that it is no longer possible to perceive PI only as persisting extreme and active inhibition. An appropriate stimulation can reveal more subtle (but important) excitatory events contributing to the functional status du... | yes |
12,752,463 | Is neuronal cell death in a rat model for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy induced by the initial status epilepticus and not by later repeated spontaneous seizures? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether repeated seizures contribute to hippocampal sclerosis, we investigated whether cell loss in the (para) hippocampal region was related to the severity of chronic seizure activity in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).",
"Chronic epilepsy developed after status ep... | Cell death in this rat model is related to the initial SE rather than to the frequency of spontaneous seizures. These results emphasize that it is of crucial importance to stop the SE as soon as possible to prevent extended cell loss and further progression of the disease. They also suggest that neuroprotectants can be... | yes |
12,776,274 | Is insulin resistance related to left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Although insulin resistance contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, the relationship between insulin resistance and LVH in patients with ADPKD has not been previously studied.",
"We... | Insulin resistance is associated with LVMI in patients with PKD1 independently of other factors known to increase LVMI. | yes |
12,773,246 | Do [ Values of soluble thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor judging reject reaction in liver transplantation ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To find sensitive and specific laboratory examination items for early diagnosing and monitoring liver transplantation reject reaction.",
"Randomly investigate 41 liver transplantation patients, among them there were 16 patients with reject reaction (including 12 with acute rejection, 4 with c... | Plasma STM and vWF can be taken as laboratory items for monitoring liver transplantation rejection. Plasma STM can act as not only an early prognosticating marker, but also suitable to distinguish acute from chronic reject reaction, and as a marker for monitoring impacting therapy effect and judging prognosis. | yes |
12,766,101 | Does two-hour insulin determination improve the ability of abdominal fat measurement to identify risk for the metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Visceral obesity is shown to be a predictor of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the association of measurements of generalized adiposity and visceral fat area (VFA), with abnormalities of metabolic syndrome (MS).",
"Seventy-six women (47.9 +/- 9.2 years) with BMI of 38.7 +/- 5.4 kg/m(2) ... | While BMI was unable to differentiate between obese people and those at higher risk for MS, abdominal fat was shown to be associated with its metabolic abnormalities. The usefulness of abdominal fat in the identification of high-risk subjects may be improved when combined with 2-h insulin determination. | yes |
12,766,100 | Is a simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices as effective as an exchange-based meal plan for urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare a simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices with a traditional exchange-based meal plan in reducing HbA(1c) levels in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes.",
"A total of 648 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive instruction in either a healthy foo... | Medical nutrition therapy is effective in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Either a meal plan emphasizing guidelines for healthy food choices or a low literacy exchange method is equally effective as a meal planning approach. Because the HFC meal plan may be easier to teach and easier for patients to under... | yes |
12,765,667 | Is anaemia in the first but not in the second or third trimester a risk factor for low birth weight? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess pregnancy outcome in women with anaemia during pregnancy.",
"The study design involved a retrospective chart review of all women registering for prenatal care in the area of Kuopio University Hospital between 1990 and 2000. A haemoglobin concentration below 100g/l was used as a cuto... | Maternal anaemia detected in the first trimester is associated with low birth weight. | yes |
12,771,620 | Does methylprednisolone inhibit low-flow hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated perfused rat liver? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the mechanism by which methylprednisolone protects the liver from hypoxia-induced injury.",
"Prospective control study using the isolated rat liver.",
"Animal research facility.",
"Male, fasted, pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats.",
"Low-flow hypoxia was produced by ... | Methylprednisolone does not protect the liver from hypoxia-induced injury by suppressing hydrogen peroxide production. Instead, the beneficial effect of methylprednisolone seems to be related to its ability to protect against mitochondrial membrane depolarization under hypoxic conditions. | yes |
12,774,245 | Is reduction in alkaline sphingomyelinase in colorectal tumorigenesis related to the APC gene mutation? | {
"contexts": [
"The sphingomyelin pathway is an important intracellular mechanism in regulating cell growth. The first step in this pathway is catalysed by sphingomyelinases. Alkaline sphingomyelinase is specifically located in the intestinal tract. Markedly reduced alkaline sphingomyelinase activities have been... | Alkaline sphingomyelinase is not directly linked to adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutations. | no |
12,774,244 | Are angiogenesis and dendritic cell density correlated with metachronous distant metastasis in curatively operated rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Apart from surgery, treatment of rectal cancer increasingly involves the use of (neo-)adjuvant strategies. To optimize the selection process for these therapy regimens, especially in the field of cellular and molecular biology, new prognostic factors additional to the established TNM system are b... | Angiogenesis and dendritic cell density are not prognostic factors for metachronous distant metastasis in rectal cancer and therefore cannot serve as selection parameters for adjuvant therapy. | no |
12,756,358 | Is neutrophil survival on biomaterials determined by surface topography? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular device-centered infections are a major cause of hospital morbidity, mortality, and expense. Caused by opportunistic bacteria, this phenomenon is thought to arise because of a defect in neutrophil bacterial killing. We have shown that neutrophils that adhere to polystyrene remain vi... | Neutrophil adhesion to roughened materials triggers rapid production of reactive oxygen species and precipitates a nonapoptotic cell death. Understanding the material properties that trigger these responses is essential to development of the next generation of implantable biomaterials. | yes |
12,756,097 | Are dermatologist detection and skin self-examination associated with thinner melanomas : results from a survey of the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate patterns of detection and variables associated with early diagnosis of melanoma in a population at intermediate melanoma risk.",
"Survey.",
"Hospital and university centers belonging to the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma.",
"Eight hundred sixteen patients w... | Future melanoma early diagnosis strategies should adequately stress the role of skin self-examination among the adult population, and should recommend that dermatologists perform a total skin examination to identify suspect lesions (such an examination should also be performed during consultations for other reasons). | yes |
12,772,191 | Does recombinant prostate specific antigen inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a kallikrein family member with serine protease activity commonly used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. We recently described anti-angiogenic properties of PSA [Fortier et al.: JNCI 91:1635-1640].",
"Two forms of PSA were cloned and expressed in P... | Purified recombinant PSA inhibits angiogenesis, proving the concept that PSA is an anti-angiogenic, and serine protease activity, as determined by synthetic substrate hydrolysis, is distinct from the anti-angiogenic properties of PSA. | yes |
12,755,381 | Do pyrethroid insecticides influence the signal transduction in T helper lymphocytes from atopic and nonatopic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Pyrethroids are claimed to have a low human toxicity with some neuro- and immunotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxicological properties of six commercially used pyrethroids, including natural pyrethrum and synergist piperonyl-butoxide (PBO).",
"PHA-stimulat... | It can be suggested that pyrethroids inhibit signal transduction in human lymphocytes ex vivo, and do not act via lymphocyte-influencing histamine release. | yes |
12,759,968 | Is [ No switch region found in the regulatory sequence of HPV 16 for promoter P97 ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Cellular transcriptional regulatory factor YY1 represses the activity of the early promoter P97 of HPV 16, but the regulatory activity to early promoter P105 of HPV 18 depends on a switch region which locates at the upstream sequences of YY1 binding sites. This study is to find out whether within... | It suggests that there is no such switch region within HPV 16 transcriptional regulatory region. | yes |
12,759,965 | Does [ Establishment of a method for classification of HBV genome and it 's application ]? | {
"contexts": [
"By using the techniques of PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we established a classification method for HBV genome based on viral S gene of asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC).",
"By using this method we classified HBV DNA of AsC living in Guangzhou, Shenyang, Beijing and C... | The established method for genotyping is simple and convenient. Using this method, we also classified HBV DNA of the patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis living in Guangzhou, and found that mixed genotypes B and C was in 50.0% of the patients detected, suggesting the mixed infection might lead to a sev... | yes |
12,783,132 | Is left ventricular dysfunction associated with CD4 lymphocyte count rather than opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is often found in the early stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and deteriorates with disease progression. CD4 lymphocyte count and opportunistic infection are the major indicators for the clinical staging of HIV infection. This study investigat... | Both LV systolic and diastolic function deteriorate as the CD4 lymphocyte count decreases in HIV infection. Opportunistic infection seems to have a limited role in the pathogenesis of LV dysfunction in advanced HIV infection. | yes |
12,773,465 | Do cryo-thawed embryos obtained from conception cycles have double the implantation and pregnancy potential of those from unsuccessful cycles? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fresh IVF/ICSI cycle outcome on the prognosis of the related frozen embryo replacement (FER) cycle.",
"459 FER cycles, involving 2049 cleavage stage embryos with no or up to 10% fragmentation, were performed for which the outcome of t... | After thawing, cryopreserved embryos originating from conception IVF/ICSI cycles achieve double the implantation and pregnancy rates of those obtained from unsuccessful cycles. | yes |
12,764,215 | Do psychological distress and pain significantly increase before death in metastatic breast cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to examine the course of psychological distress and pain from study entry to death in 59 women with metastatic breast cancer participating in a randomized trial of the effects of group psychotherapy on psychosocial outcomes and survival. It was hypothesized that psychologi... | Results suggest that specialized end-stage clinical interventions are particularly needed for cancer patients as they approach death. Moreover, intervention studies for patients with deteriorating illnesses may need to take this "spike" in psychological distress and pain proximal to death into account to avoid Type II ... | yes |
12,752,284 | Are men with colorectal cancer predisposed to prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between colorectal and prostate cancer.",
"All Victorian men who developed metachronous colorectal and prostate cancer with the first primary diagnosed between 1982 and 1993 were identified retrospectively from the Victori... | Younger men diagnosed with colorectal cancer are at increased risk of prostate cancer. However, there is no direct evidence that screening for prostate cancer leads to a reduction in mortality. This should be considered when discussing long-term follow up. | yes |
12,753,309 | Is peroxynitrite-induced oxidation of plasma lipids enhanced in stable hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hemodialysis, and oxidative stress is controversial. To determine whether ESRD causes oxidative stress, we measured basal levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes as a marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo, and peroxynitrite-stimulated formation of ... | Although basal plasma F2-isoprostanes were similar in patients with ESRD compared with controls, the presence of oxidative stress in patients with ESRD was unmasked when the plasma was stressed by peroxynitrite generated from SIN-1, and this was enhanced further by hemodialysis. | yes |
12,753,303 | Does hypertension superimposed on type II diabetes in Goto Kakizaki rats induce progressive nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Type II diabetes in the Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats (derived from Wistar rats) is not associated with the development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or pronounced renal functional changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of superimposed hypertension on renal function an... | Our data demonstrate that long-standing type II diabetes alone is not sufficient to induce progressive nephropathy unless secondary injurious mechanisms such as hypertension are present. The hypertensive GK rat provides a novel model to investigate the mechanisms involved in diabetic nephropathy. | yes |
12,753,300 | Does cell senescence in rat kidneys in vivo increase with growth and age despite lack of telomere shortening? | {
"contexts": [
"Somatic cells in vitro have a finite life expectancy before entering a state of senescence, but it is unclear whether this state occurs in vivo in kidney development, growth, and aging. We previously showed that human kidney cortex displays telomere shortening with age. In this study, we compared... | We conclude that cell senescence occurs in both growth and aging in rat kidney and may contribute to the age-related pathology. These changes are not due to telomere shortening, but may reflect cumulative environmental stress. | yes |
12,753,307 | Is hypocitraturia one of the major risk factors for nephrocalcinosis in very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at risk to develop nephrocalcinosis (NC). NC may result from spontaneous or therapy-induced imbalance between promoters and inhibitors of crystallization in the urine. However, data on \"normal\" urinary excretions of these parameters in VLBW infants are s... | Hypocitraturia is a major risk factor for NC in VLBW infants, especially in those <1000 g. The urinary excretions in VLBW infants seem to depend on birth weight, age, and clinical condition. Hence, supplementation with alkali citrate may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of NC. | yes |
12,753,304 | Is very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI increased in diabetic nephropathy : comparison with apoprotein CIII? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have suggested that apoprotein (apo) CI in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays an important role in causing hypertriglyceridemia independent of apo CIII, which is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Because the incidence of CHD is increased in diabetic patients and ... | An increase of VLDL apo CIII is a prominent feature of dyslipidemia in CRF patients, regardless of whether they are diabetic or nondiabetic, whereas an increase of VLDL apo CI is more specific to diabetic nephropathy and is closely associated with an increase of VLDL particle numbers, a new risk factor for CHD. | yes |
12,760,457 | Is contralateral groin exploration justified in infants with a unilateral inguinal hernia? | {
"contexts": [
"Contralateral groin exploration in children with unilateral inguinal hernia is still controversial, particularly in infants. The patency rate of processus vaginalis is highest in infants but there are few data on the subsequent risk of contralateral hernia development in infants. In this retrospe... | The low incidence and benign nature of contralateral hernia development in infants undergoing a unilateral inguinal herniotomy does not justify routine contralateral groin exploration. | no |
12,777,860 | Does anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy affect the death signals of graft-infiltrating cells after clinical heart transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"To define whether immunosuppressive agents that block the interleukin (IL)-2 pathway could prevent activation-induced cell death of activated T cells in the graft, we measured expression of IL-2, IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25), IL-15, Fas, and Fas ligand by real time reverse transcription-polym... | Our data suggest that immunosuppressive agents that affect the IL-2 pathway hinder the mechanism of activation-induced cell death by which the immune system eliminates alloreactive cells. | yes |
12,752,815 | Does starch in plasterboard sustain Streptomyces californicus growth and bioactivity of spores? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of plasterboard composition on Streptomyces californicus growth and bioactivity of spores were studied.",
"Streptomyces californicus was grown on 13 modified plasterboards under saturated humidity conditions. The total content of fatty acid methyl esters was used for quantifying S... | Streptomyces californicus grew under nutrient limitation on all studied plasterboards. The starch is the major factor enabling S. californicus to grow and to produce biologically active metabolites on plasterboard. | yes |
12,754,122 | Does [ High-dose glucose induce human retinal endothelial cell apoptosis ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the direct effect of high glucose levels on primary cultured human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC).",
"HRCECs were isolated from donated eyes and cultured for 6 days in the media containing 5 or 25 mmol/L glucose. The cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusi... | High-dose glucose induces apoptosis in HRCEC, which may contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy. | yes |
12,779,024 | Does optimization of low pre-operative hemoglobin reduce transfusion requirement in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify factors that influence peri-operative hemorrhage in view of reducing the need for transfusions in patients undergoing trans uretheral resection of prostate (TURP).",
"All patients undergoing TURP between January 1997 and December 1999 were identified using ICD 9CM coding and index... | Operative time, weight of resected prostate tissue are inter related and are only partly controllable. Low pre-operative hemoglobin is the only reversible factor in reducing transfusion following TURP. | yes |
12,761,314 | Does heparin-coated balloon-expandable stent reduce intimal hyperplasia in the iliac artery in baboons? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effect of heparin-coated balloon-expandable iliac stent placement on intimal hyperplasia in a baboon model.",
"Balloon-expandable (Palmaz-Schatz) stents were placed in bilateral common iliac arteries in 20 male baboons (mean weight: 8.8 kg). In each animal, a heparin-coated ili... | The data demonstrate that heparin-coated balloon-expandable stents reduce intimal hyperplasia after iliac artery stent placement. This approach may represent a useful strategy for prolonging luminal patency after iliac stent placement. | yes |
12,751,127 | Are influence of race in heart failure and cardiac transplantation : mortality differences eliminated by specialized , comprehensive care? | {
"contexts": [
"Differences in mortality are thought to exist between African Americans and Caucasians with heart failure. These differences may be due to a variety of factors, including differences in disease process, socioeconomic status, and access to health care. Additionally, little data exist on racial dif... | Delivery of care to heart failure patients in a comprehensive, specialized program results in similar survival regardless of race despite higher utilization of inpatient and outpatient resources. The finding that, after cardiac transplantation, African Americans do not have higher mortality rates, despite having higher... | yes |
12,772,136 | Does lipid emulsion infusion rescue dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously demonstrated in rats that intravenous infusion of a lipid emulsion increases survival in resuscitation from severe bupivacaine cardiac toxicity. The present studies were undertaken to determine if this method is similarly effective in a non-rodent model using a larger animal.",
... | We found that infusing a lipid emulsion during resuscitation from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity substantially improved hemodynamics, pmO2, and pHm and increased survival in dogs. | yes |
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