pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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7,474,940 | Are the effects of high glucose on human endothelial cell growth and gene expression mediated by transforming growth factor-beta? | {
"contexts": [
"Because accumulation of extracellular matrix is a prominent characteristic of the microangiopathy that complicates long-term diabetes, a pathogenetic role for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is being considered. Having observed that glucose levels mimicking diabetic hyperglycemia induc... | These combined observations indicate that (a) endothelial cells exposed to high glucose do not secrete TGF-beta in excess of control cells, (b) there are growth-inhibitory effects of high glucose that are independent of TGF-beta, and (c) high glucose and TGF-beta exert their effects through distinct pathways and at dif... | no |
7,499,685 | Is one of the rubber latex allergens a lysozyme? | {
"contexts": [
"Type I hypersensitivity reactions caused by latex products are ascribed to proteins eluted from them, but little is known about the properties of these allergenic proteins. The reason for the cross-reaction between rubber latex and fruits is also not known. We have speculated that a series of def... | One of the rubber latex allergens is a lysozyme that has similarities to fruit lysozymes. This suggests the relevance of defense-related proteins to latex allergy and the cross reaction. | yes |
7,492,029 | Do survival in major burn injuries is predicted by early response to Swan-Ganz-guided resuscitation? | {
"contexts": [
"Two years ago the authors began to use Swan-Ganz catheters to generate more complex hemodynamic data as a better guide to resuscitation of burns. This study uses the information to identify differences between survivors and nonsurvivors.",
"Fifty-three consecutive patients with major burns we... | Unsustained or inadequate response to hyperdynamic resuscitation of burns was associated with nonsurvival. | yes |
7,492,028 | Does severe acidosis alone predict mortality in the trauma patient? | {
"contexts": [
"Because severe acidosis is an indicator of poor prognosis in trauma patients, medical records of these patients were analyzed to determine whether aggressive resuscitation was appropriate.",
"Data from a level 1 trauma center registry were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with a ... | Severe acidosis alone is not a sufficiently powerful predictor of outcome to justify withholding resuscitation; however, when combined with coma and shock, this condition had no survivors in this small series. | no |
7,492,021 | Is problem orientation a new approach to surgical education? | {
"contexts": [
"There is increasing interest in educational methods that are loosely aggregated under the title of problem-based learning (PBL), but it remains unclear whether PBL is as successful as its conventional predecessor in transmitting factual information.",
"The authors designed and implemented a P... | A PBL curriculum generates both student and faculty enthusiasm. Unfortunately, this does not translate into more efficient transmission of knowledge. | yes |
7,485,296 | Does meconium inhibit the contraction of umbilical vessels induced by the thromboxane A2 analog U46619? | {
"contexts": [
"Our objective was to study the direct effects of meconium on isolated umbilical artery and vein in vitro.",
"Intact umbilical artery and vein rings were suspended in 5 ml organ baths containing kreb's solution (pH 7.2, 37 degrees C; bubbled with 2.5% oxygen and 8.07% carbon dioxide, balance n... | Meconium does not cause sustained contraction of umbilical artery and vein in vitro. It does, however, inhibit the contractile effect of U46619 in both umbilical artery and vein smooth muscle. The inhibitory activity of meconium appears to be concentrated in the lipid fraction. | yes |
7,485,294 | Is histologic evidence of old intrauterine bleeding more frequent in prematurity? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to study the incidence and location of histologic evidence of intrauterine bleeding in preterm and term placentas.",
"A total of 462 consecutive placentas delivered at < 32 weeks' gestation, from which cases of placenta previa, stillbirth, and multiple gestation were excluded,... | Decidual bleeding is common in all clinical types of preterm birth and is most common in preterm preeclampsia and nonhypertensive abruption placentae. A clinical history of bleeding is not correlated with the presence of decidual hemosiderin. Bleeding in the basal plate is related to histologic evidence of chronic uter... | yes |
7,472,959 | Do early postoperative alterations in infant energy use increase the risk of overfeeding? | {
"contexts": [
"Energy needs in infants are decreased after surgery because of growth inhibition (resulting from catabolic stress metabolism), decreased insensible losses, and inactivity. Using standardized formulas that account for growth, activity, and insensible losses during this stress period can lead to ov... | Lipogenesis with increased CO2 production is substantial, even at reduced caloric delivery rates that exceeded MEE by only 50%, during the early postoperative acute metabolic stress period in infants. These data suggest that caloric requirements during stress are likely equal to or only minimally in excess of actual ME... | yes |
7,498,661 | Do antibody-targeted lymphokine-activated killer cells inhibit liver micrometastases in severe combined immunodeficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Animal models for hepatic metastases can facilitate the investigation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-based immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ccM4 antibody-targeted LAK cells in inhibiting hepatic micrometastases.",
"Hepatic micrometastases were... | These results show that ccM4 antibody-targeted LAK cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo; thus, they can be potentially useful in treatment of hepatic micrometastases. | yes |
7,498,662 | Does rat Kupffer cell-derived nitric oxide modulate induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide is now recognized to regulate immune responses and cell viability in various organs. The present study was designed to clarify whether NO released from Kupffer cells modulates the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-treated splenocytes.",
"Splenocyt... | The results of this study suggest that NO produced by the inducible NO synthase of Kupffer cells in response to lipopolysaccharide modulates the IL-2 receptor expression and LAK activity of splenocytes. | yes |
7,498,664 | Does intraileal carbohydrate regulate canine postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion and upper gut motility? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of nutrients in the distal small intestine or colon on postprandial upper gut function is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine if carbohydrate in the ileum or proximal colon of dogs affects postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion, gastrointestinal transit, ... | Carbohydrate in the ileum regulates postprandial exocrine pancreatic enzyme secretion and other postprandial upper gut functions. Peptide YY may play a role in this regulation. | yes |
7,492,272 | Does induction of heat shock protein 72 prevent neutrophil-mediated human endothelial cell necrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the hypothesis that induction of heat shock proteins in human endothelial cells (ECs) by either heat shock or sodium arsenite could prevent subsequent EC necrosis induced by activated human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs).",
"Cultures of ECs were exposed to heat shoc... | Induction of HSP-72 in ECs by a thermal or nonthermal mechanism could prevent activated PMN-mediated EC necrosis, which may favor increased vascular permeability during systemic inflammatory response syndrome. | yes |
7,492,277 | Does polymyxin B prevent increased sympathetic activity and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor release in parenterally fed rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effects of polymyxin B sulfate in rats fed by total parenteral nutrition on norepinephrine excretion, macrophage tumor necrosis factor production, and bacterial translocation.",
"Randomized animal study.",
"A university teaching hospital in Seattle, Wash.",
"Three gro... | Alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor production appears to be influenced by sympathetic nervous activity. Total parenteral nutrition-induced endotoxemia may indirectly alter macrophage function by stimulating sympathetic nervous activity. | yes |
7,485,735 | Does age correlate with increased frequency of high risk factors in elderly patients with thyroid cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Age and certain pathologic features (ie, follicular histology, vascular invasion, and extracapsular extension) are reported to impact on prognosis in thyroid cancer, but the relationship between these two factors remains incompletely defined.",
"Clinical, pathologic, therapeutic, prognostic, ... | The prognostic importance of age in thyroid cancer may be due to the greater prevalence of pathologic risk factors in older patients. | yes |
7,497,835 | Are extended resections beneficial for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Locally advanced colorectal cancer often requires extended resection to radically remove all tumor. This is the only chance for cure in these patients, but a higher complication rate would be expected. To evaluate the overall benefit for the patient, this study assesses morbidity and mortality as... | Because extended resections can achieve comparable results in locally more advanced colorectal cancer as nonextended resections in less advanced cancer, an aggressive surgical approach is warranted. | yes |
7,497,836 | Is sucrase-isomaltase an independent prognostic marker for colorectal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Expression of disaccharidase sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is significantly enhanced during neoplastic transformation of colonic epithelium. Our study was designed to determine whether expression of SI within primary tumors was significantly associated with survival in patients with colorectal carcinom... | These results indicate that SI is a prognostic marker for CRC that is independent of stage-related variables in patients who have undergone potentially curative resections. | yes |
7,477,221 | Do a national survey of the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite the growth of managed care in the United States, there is little information about the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians.",
"In 1994 we surveyed by telephone 138 managed-care plans that were selected from 20 metropolitan areas nationwide. Of the 108 plans that respo... | Managed-care plans, particularly HMOs, have complex systems for selecting, paying, and monitoring their physicians. Hybrid forms are common, and the differences between group or staff HMOs and network or IPA HMOs are less extensive than is commonly assumed. | yes |
7,481,523 | Do low doses of pentagastrin stimulate gastric lipase secretion in man? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastric lipase is an important enzyme for dietary triglyceride digestion in normal subjects. Its regulation is unknown, as is the relation between the quantity and activity of the enzyme.",
"In a dose-response study we investigated the effect of low doses of pentagastrin (less than 1000 ng/kg... | We conclude that secretion of the gastric lipase is stimulated by pentagastrin, but the simultaneous secretion of acid counteracts the lipolytic activity of the enzyme when food is not present. | yes |
7,481,525 | Does cluster analysis of Helicobacter pylori genomic DNA fingerprints suggest gastroduodenal disease-specific associations? | {
"contexts": [
"Helicobacter pylori infection is now accepted as the most common cause of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The etiologies of many infectious diseases have been attributed to specific or clonal strains of bacterial pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA b... | Cluster analysis of REP-PCR DNA fingerprints of H. pylori strains suggests that duodenal ulcer isolates, as a group, are more similar to one another and different from gastritis isolates. These results suggest that disease-specific strains may exist. | yes |
7,473,477 | Does interleukin-1 reversibly inhibit the synthesis of biglycan and decorin in intact articular cartilage in culture? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the synthesis of proteoglycans biglycan (DSPG-I) and decorin (DSPG-II) in intact bovine articular cartilage.",
"Cartilage bearing sesamoid bones from the metacarpophalangeal joint were cultured with 10 ng/ml IL-1 for 2 days and labelled with [35S... | The inhibition of synthesis of biglycan and decorin by IL-1 might be important in the pathophysiology of cartilage destruction in rheumatic diseases. | yes |
7,487,463 | Is sepsis-induced acute lung injury attenuated by selectin blockade following the onset of sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of infusion with a dual-binding antibody to E- and L-selectin, EL-246, in a postonset model of sepsis.",
"Nonrandomized controlled study.",
"Young Yorkshire swine.",
"Three groups were studied. Controls (n = 8) received saline solution only. Untreated animals w... | Treatment of animals with EL-246 soon the onset of sepsis produced significant protection against acute lung injury but failed to attenuate hemodynamic derangements associated with sepsis. | yes |
7,487,461 | Is tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in human peritoneal macrophages suppressed by extra-abdominal trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"Trauma is believed to activate immunocytes but paradoxically also increases the risk of intraperitoneal infection.",
"To investigate these events by evaluating changes in the cytokine control networks of human peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) early after trauma.",
"Case-control study compa... | Human PM phi constitutively show high levels of TNF-alpha message expression, and this is down-regulated by polytrauma. This might constitute a functionally "primed" state. If so, TNF-alpha down-regulation might contribute to functional PM phi suppression after systemic injury. | yes |
7,487,467 | Is haemophilus pneumonia a common cause of early pulmonary dysfunction following trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"Haemophilus species are a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia; however, their significance in posttraumatic pneumonia is unclear.",
"Case series.",
"University hospital, level I trauma center.",
"Two hundred fifty-seven consecutive patients with blunt and penetrating trauma t... | Haemophilus species are a frequent cause of pneumonia following traumatic injury. This occurs primarily in the early postinjury phase and therefore should be included in the differential diagnosis of early posttraumatic pulmonary insufficiency. | yes |
7,474,942 | Does cD26 expression in leprosy and other granulomatous diseases correlate with the production of interferon-gamma? | {
"contexts": [
"Leprosy represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that reflect the immune response to antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. The tuberculoid form of leprosy, which is characterized by an organized development of granulomas, has recently been correlated with a Th1-like immune response. The lepro... | From our results, we conclude that a high expression of CD26 may be suggestive of Th1-like immune reactions. | yes |
7,498,655 | Does hansenula anomala killer toxin induce secretion and severe acute injury in the rat intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"The yeast Hansenula anomala has been associated with gastrointestinal symptomatology and damage to the intestinal wall in humans. In vitro and in vivo, H. anomala secretes a toxin, killer toxin, which is lethal to other microorganisms. In view of the very high rate of killer phenotype expression ... | This paper presents original observations compatible with the hypothesis that H. anomala killer toxin plays a role in the pathogenesis of H. anomala-induced enteritis. | yes |
7,497,170 | Does heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity in skeletal muscle decrease with increased flow? | {
"contexts": [
"Effective material exchange between blood and tissue depends on the heterogeneity of microvascular flow. The objective was to address inconsistencies between intravital studies regarding this dependency. We tested the hypothesis that heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity (VRBC) in capillary be... | The heterogeneity of VRBC decreased with metabolic stress, regardless of capillary bed geometry. We propose that both the large variability in control CV and the relatively shallow dependence of CV on velocity could be responsible for the present inconsistencies between intravital studies. | yes |
7,490,893 | Do phosphotyrosine antibodies preferentially react with basal epithelial cells in the dog prostate? | {
"contexts": [
"Considering the hypothesis that androgen-independent but growth factor dependent epithelial cell division may be important in the development and progression of prostate cancer and that protein tyrosine kinases and phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases are key enzymes modulating the levels of spec... | The preferential localization of phosphotyrosine proteins in basal cells, their increased level per cell and the number of positive cells in the different experimental animals support the concept that basal cells represent the stem cells of the prostate. The sex steroid-mediated up-regulation of protein phosphorylation... | yes |
7,490,891 | Does immunity to nerve growth factor prevent afferent plasticity following urinary bladder hypertrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of this investigation was to examine the effect of immunity to nerve growth factor (NGF) on alterations in sensory nerves from the urinary bladder in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and their projections to the L6/S1 spinal cord following urethral obstruction in the rat.",
"Female Wist... | Our results demonstrate that obstruction of the bladder elicits structural and functional plasticity in afferents as a result of ongoing neurotrophic interactions. Neurotrophic interactions offer a potential mechanism whereby symptoms and bladder hyperactivity develop with obstruction associated with benign prostatic h... | yes |
7,488,459 | Is myocardial calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity present in dilated cardiomyopathy , myocarditis , and postpartum cardiomyopathy but not in ischaemic or valvar heart disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the activity of the calcium-dependent constitutive (cNOS) and calcium-independent inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) synthases in heart tissue from patients with different cardiac diseases.",
"Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with dilated hearts (by echocard... | These results support the hypothesis the generation of nitric oxide by iNOS accounts for some of the dilatation and impaired contractility associated with inflammatory and non-inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy. | yes |
7,482,667 | Does hemodilution accelerate the passage of plasma ( not red cells ) through cerebral microvessels in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Hemodilution lowers the total circulatory red cell mass and blood viscosity and thereby may alter the time of passage of red cells and plasma through cerebral microvessels. This study was designed to clarify this question.",
"Adult Wistar-Kyoto rats, aged approximately 32 weeks, were divided ... | These findings indicate that isovolemic hemodilution accelerates the plasma (not red cell) flow velocity in cerebral microvessels. | yes |
7,482,660 | Do microvascular basal lamina antigens disappear during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"Changes in vascular permeability are well-known and important consequences of cerebral ischemia. The development of edema and of petechial hemorrhage is connected to altered vascular integrity. A major part in microvascular integrity is played by the basal lamina.",
"The fates of the basal la... | The significant parallel losses of three basal lamina components, both in number and intensity, contribute to loss of microvascular integrity. These phenomena may be important for understanding cell extravasation and the hemorrhagic consequences of acute stroke. | yes |
7,482,668 | Does 7-Nitroindazole inhibit brain nitric oxide synthase and cerebral vasodilatation in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate? | {
"contexts": [
"N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produces dilatation of cerebral arterioles that is dependent on production of nitric oxide (NO). In these experiments we examined the hypothesis that cerebral vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by the neuronal isoform of NO synthase.",
"We measured diam... | These findings suggest that vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by neuronally derived NO. 7-NI appears to produce selective inhibition of brain NO synthase but not endothelial NO synthase. | yes |
7,498,651 | Is guanylin , an endogenous ligand for C-type guanylate cyclase , produced by goblet cells in the rat intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"Guanylin activates an intestinal guanylate cyclase (GCC) and stimulates electrolyte movement across the gut epithelium. Cells expressing guanylin messenger RNA have been localized to the epithelial cell layer of the intestine; however, the identity of the guanylin-producing cells has not been det... | Guanylin is expressed in mature goblet cells. If secreted in conjunction with mucin, it could play a role in the hydration of mucus. | yes |
7,472,685 | Do physicians ' psychosocial beliefs correlate with their patient communication skills? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the relationship between physicians' beliefs about the psychosocial aspects of patient care and their routine communication with patients.",
"Fifty community primary care physicians participating in a continuing medical education program and 473 of their patients in Portland, Oregon... | Physician beliefs about psychosocial aspects of patient care are associated with their communication with patients in routine office visits. Patients of physicians with more positive attitudes have more psychosocial discussions in visits than do patients of physicians with less positive attitudes. They also appear more... | yes |
7,488,666 | Is fibre an essential ingredient of enteral diets to limit bacterial translocation in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effect of six different enteral diets on the gut barrier.",
"Laboratory study.",
"University hospital, Germany.",
"70 Specific pathogen free female Crl:CDR BR rats.",
"For 7 days, 6 groups of rats were fed orally with standard chow (n = 15); total parenteral nutritio... | Fibre-free enteral diets do not protect the gut antimicrobial barrier whatever else is in them. The superiority of early enteral as opposed to parenteral nutrition after injury may, therefore, not be the result of a specific protective effect on the gut barrier. The supplementation of commercial enteral diets with bulk... | yes |
7,498,649 | Is shc a substrate of the rat intestinal epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce intestinal proliferation and maturation; however, little information is available regarding substrates of the intestinal EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. The purpose of this study was to determine if src homologous collagen-like protein (Shc) wa... | Shc is a substrate of the intestinal EGF receptor in vivo. EGF-induced association of Shc with the adapter protein Grb2 may have implications for activation of the p21ras signaling pathway in the intestine. The EGF-induced membrane association of Shc with two other phosphotyrosyl proteins suggests involvement of Shc in... | yes |
7,498,645 | Does an intravenous loading dose of azathioprine decrease the time to response in patients with Crohn 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Azathioprine, an effective therapy for Crohn's disease, is limited by a prolonged time to response. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and utility of a loading dose of azathioprine to decrease the time to response in patients with Crohn's disease.",
"Twelve patients were studie... | An 1800-mg intravenous loading dose of azathioprine is safe and may decrease the time to response to < or = 4 weeks in patients with Crohn's disease. Correlation between clinical response and azathioprine metabolite concentrations at larger azathioprine doses should be determined. | yes |
7,498,640 | Is microsatellite instability in human colonic cancer a useful clinical indicator of familial colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Microsatellite instability is a property of most tumors occurring in the context of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Instability also occurs in 10%-15% of apparently sporadic colorectal cancers, and it has been hypothesized that this instability may indicate a genetic predisposition to colon... | Although some very small, and as yet undefined, proportion of colon cancer may be caused by inherited mutations leading to microsatellite instability, tumoral instability by itself is not a marker for familiality and should not be considered as evidence for an inherited syndrome. | no |
7,497,168 | Does thromboxane contribute to submaximal coronary dilation during myocardial ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Thromboxane has been shown to contribute to coronary constriction in conduit coronary arteries during platelet aggregation at the site of a critical stenosis. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that following a critical coronary stenosis, persistent vasomotor tone occurs. We tested the ... | Endoperoxides contribute to poststenotic microvascular vasoconstriction in vessels 150-300 microns. | yes |
7,490,384 | Is high density lipoprotein cholesterol associated with serum cortisol in older people? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the associations between serum cortisol and HDL cholesterol, other lipoprotein lipids and cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and clinical heart disease in older people.",
"A cross-sectional, observational, ancillary study of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS... | Endogenous glucocorticoid levels correlated with HDL cholesterol levels and may play a role in the physiologic regulation of high density lipoprotein levels in older people. | yes |
7,500,191 | Do women 's reports of breast implant problems and silicone-related illness? | {
"contexts": [
"The safety of silicone breast implants recently has been questioned. Increasing numbers of women have reported a variety of health problems that they attribute to their implants. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explicate the phenomenon of silicone-related illness as reported by women... | Findings included dissatisfaction with implants, similarity of health problems, and recurrent surgical and nonsurgical procedures. Dominant themes included lack of informed consent, physician denial of health problems, and the decision to remove implants. Further research should be directed at recipients of implants wh... | yes |
7,490,885 | Does acute spermatic cord torsion alter the microcirculation of the contralateral testis? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to characterize the hemodynamic changes in the contralateral testis during acute spermatic cord torsion in anesthetized rats.",
"We used videomicroscopy to examine the microcirculation of the contralateral testis following acute torsion. Specifically, we examined... | Acute spermatic cord torsion altered the microcirculation by increasing the amplitude of vasomotion and decreased total blood flow to the opposite testis. Because the hydraulic resistance of a blood vessel exhibiting vasomotion is always less than a vessel with the same average but static diameter, the observed microci... | yes |
7,491,999 | Is reflux esophagitis in humans mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress in reflux esophagitis was investigated before and after antireflux surgery.",
"Oxidative stress was studied in the distal and proximal esophagus of control patients (without esophagitis, but with other gastrointestinal disorders), of patients with various grades of esophagiti... | Reflux esophagitis is mediated by free radicals depleting SOD. Barrett's esophagus is a severe form of oxidative damage; in some patients, high SOD levels may prevent severe esophagitis. Antireflux surgery prevents oxidative damage. | yes |
7,486,158 | Is epinephrine metabolized by the spinal meninges of monkeys and pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"Epinephrine commonly is added to epidural opioids and local anesthetics, however, little is known about the fate of epidurally administered epinephrine. Studies have identified the epinephrine metabolizing enzyme, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), in the cranial meninges of several species. T... | These data demonstrate the functional presence of COMT in the spinal meninges of pigs and monkeys and suggest that the spinal meninges may limit the spinal bioavailability of epidurally or intrathecally administered epinephrine. | yes |
7,487,687 | Is outpatient liver biopsy using ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun safe and cost effective? | {
"contexts": [
"The need for liver biopsy is increasing with the increasing availability of treatments for liver disease, in particular interferon. For this reason the procedure must be efficient and economical, as well as safe.",
"Firstly to assess the safety of outpatient liver biopsy when performed with u... | Outpatient liver biopsy is safe and cost effective, with minor complications in 1.6%. The routine use of ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun is likely to contribute to these favourable results. | yes |
7,499,101 | Does mRNA from frog corneal epithelium increase water permeability in Xenopus oocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the existence of a water channel in the frog corneal epithelium by studying the osmotic water permeability (Pf) of Xenopus oocytes expressing the mRNA message from frog corneal epithelium.",
"Total RNA was obtained from corneal epithelium by a single-step phase separation metho... | Evidence was found for a water channel in the frog corneal epithelium because oocytes injected with the epithelial mRNA manifested increased water permeability. The increase in water permeability was larger in the presence of external Cl- and was inhibited by HgCl2. This finding correlates with measurements of Pf in th... | yes |
7,495,115 | Does dimethyl sulfoxide trigger urine histamine release in interstitial cystitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an agent that provides symptomatic relief in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) works via an unknown mechanism. We investigated whether DMSO acts as a chemical stimulant of mast cell degranulation.",
"A radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for histamine was used to... | The relief of symptoms reported in 50% to 77% of patients treated with intravesical DMSO is not related to detectable mast cell release of histamine. Other mechanisms of action must be investigated to explain the beneficial effect of this agent. | no |
7,499,679 | Does defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase correlate with bronchial hyperreactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"Adenylyl cyclase is a transmembrane signaling system involved in the inhibition of cellular responses. Recently, we showed that the activity of adenylyl cyclase may be potentiated by stimuli that induce an increase of cellular responses but that do not activate adenylyl cyclase. This is probably ... | The observed defect in signal transduction could play an important part in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. | yes |
7,482,647 | Do importance of time-window overlap in the detection and analysis of embolic signals? | {
"contexts": [
"The detection of asymptomatic embolic signals by Doppler ultrasound may offer a powerful investigational tool in the management of cerebrovascular disease. However, early studies, particularly in patients with carotid artery disease, have reported very different frequencies of embolic signals. Wh... | Inadequate degrees of fast Fourier transform time-window overlap will result in the failure of current TCD machines to detect embolic signals. Furthermore, this and the time windowing currently usually used may result in variability in the relative intensity increase of identical embolic signals. These factors need to ... | yes |
7,485,301 | Does normal nuchal thickness in the midtrimester indicate reduced risk of Down syndrome in pregnancies with abnormal triple-screen results? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to determine whether nuchal thickness measurement can identify the euploid fetuses in midtrimester pregnancies at increased risk for Down syndrome on the basis of maternal age and serum screening.",
"Nuchal thickness was obtained prospectively in 651 consecutive fetuses at 14 ... | Normal nuchal thickness significantly reduces the risk of Down syndrome and may help reduce the number of amniocenteses done for abnormal triple screen results. | yes |
7,485,739 | Do analysis of savings in operative time for primary hyperparathyroidism using localization with technetium 99m sestamibi scan? | {
"contexts": [
"The cost effectiveness of preoperative localization in cases of primary hyperpara-thyroidism has not been established. We analyzed the potential savings in operative time after localization with technetium 99m (99mTc) sestamibi scan.",
"Thirty-three patients had localization of a solitary ade... | The preoperative localization of a solitary parathyroid adenoma may optimize operative time with UNE, saving approximately 30 minutes. | yes |
7,493,146 | Does magnesium sulfate have negligible effect on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in response to endotracheal intubation? | {
"contexts": [
"Pretreatment of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) attenuates pressor response associated with endotracheal intubation. Vasodilating effect of MgSO4 may increase cerebral blood flow, which upsets the known benefit to cardiovascular hemodynamic. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of MgSO4 on the... | Our results suggest that MgSO4 appeared to have negligible effects on cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in response to tracheal intubation. Its attenuating effect on pressor response induced by endotracheal intubation might be over emphasized. | yes |
7,484,996 | Is combined bile acid therapy more effective on biliary lipids and dissolution rates than monotherapy after gallstone lithotripsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate sampling of gallbladder bile for biliary analysis is essential for determining any potential difference between combined bile acid therapy and monotherapy in gallstone patients.",
"In 104 gallstone patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with following bile acid the... | In gallstone patients, combined therapy with urso- and chenodeoxycholic acid is superior to either ursodeoxycholic acid alone or biliary parameters in bile samples obtained by direct fine needle puncture of the gallbladder. | yes |
7,482,656 | Does global incomplete cerebral ischemia produce predominantly cortical neuronal injury? | {
"contexts": [
"We determined the neuropathologic damage in a canine model of global incomplete ischemia commonly used in a variety of physiological experiments.",
"We induced 20 minutes of incomplete ischemia in dogs (n = 9) by increasing intracranial pressure via intraventricular infusion of artificial cer... | This animal model of ischemia causes reproducible neuronal injury primarily in cortical regions without pancellular necrosis and infarction. Damage to subcortical areas is less severe than to cortical areas, despite comparable reductions in regional cerebral blood flow. Therefore, in the presence of regionally uniform ... | yes |
7,489,214 | Is bFGF release dependent on flow conditions in experimental vein grafts? | {
"contexts": [
"Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (bFGF) is a powerful mitogen for smooth muscle cells and has been implicated in the genesis of Myointimal hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to determine the release of bFGF by veins in different haemodynamic conditions.",
"Laboratory animal study.",
"... | Vein inserted in the arterial circulation release a higher quantity of bFGF. This could explain in part, the formation of myointimal hyperplasia in arterial vein graft. | yes |
7,485,333 | Are fetal fibronectin , interleukin-6 , and C-reactive protein useful in establishing prognostic subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to evaluate fetal fibronectin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein from patients with preterm labor to establish prognostic subcategories.",
"Thirty-seven patients with preterm labor had cervical fetal fibronectin and plasma C-reactive protein sampled. Eighteen of these pati... | Three subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor were evident: (1) fetal fibronectin nondetectable (37% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks), (2) fetal fibronectin detectable but interleukin-6 < 1500 pg/ml (79% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks but 85% with > 48 hours' latency), and (3) fetal fibronectin present... | yes |
7,492,224 | Is proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage due to rheumatoid synovial T helper-1 activation inhibited by interleukin-4? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of T helper-1 cell (Th1) activation in the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMNC) and the subsequent possible beneficial role of the T helper-2 cell (Th2) cytokine interleu... | Th1 activation is a possible mechanism by which inflammation in RA joints is enhanced. The Th2 cytokine IL-4 inhibits this Th1 activity and may diminish inflammation and induction of cartilage damage in RA joints. | yes |
7,492,221 | Is urinary nitrate excretion increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reduced by prednisolone? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine daily production of nitric oxide (NO) measured as urinary nitrate excretion, and the effect of prednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).",
"Twenty four hour urinary nitrate was measured by gas chromatography in 10 patients with RA, before and two to four weeks afte... | Our data suggest that the endogenous production of NO is enhanced in patients with RA. Furthermore, the results indicate that, in parallel with suppression of inflammation, this increased NO synthesis could be reduced by prednisolone treatment. | yes |
7,487,406 | Does microvascular invasion in prostate cancer correlate with pathologic stage? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the incidence of microvascular invasion in prostatic carcinoma and its correlation with other prognostic factors.",
"Evaluation of the frequency and extent of microvascular invasion by routine light microscopy in 210 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies with cancer.",
"Micro... | Microvascular invasion in prostatic carcinoma correlates positively with virtually all measures of pathologic stage. Its presence should be reported in all prostate specimens according to the Cancer Committee of the College of Americans Pathologists. | yes |
7,488,336 | Does removal of LDL from plasma by adsorption reduce adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans? | {
"contexts": [
"There is increasing evidence that immune processes are important in the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether low density lipoprotein (LDL) adsorption therapy affected serum cytokine levels and the expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (lymphocyt... | Our results indicate that LDL adsorption-induced immunoregulation is mediated by an indirect stimulatory effect on the immune system. The results suggests that improved peripheral circulation produced by LDL adsorption may reflect improved immune dysfunctions of atherosclerotic lesions in ASO patients. | yes |
7,498,637 | Are perception and reflex responses to intestinal distention in humans modified by simultaneous or previous stimulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Intestinal reflexes induced by distention in dogs are facilitated by either simultaneous or previous distentions. The aim of this study was to determine whether these phenomena also modulate the responses to intestinal distention, particularly perception, in humans.",
"Perception and intestin... | In humans, temporospatial interactions of gut stimuli activate modulatory phenomena that determine the perception intensity of the stimuli. | yes |
7,486,366 | Do comparison of ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare rates of undertriage and overtriage of six ambulance dispatch protocols for the presenting complaint of nontraumatic abdominal pain, and to identify the optimal protocol.",
"Retrospective prehospital and emergency department chart review to classify patients' conditions as \"emerge... | The majority of patients with nontraumatic abdominal pain who requested ambulance transport during the study period did not have conditions that were classified as emergencies. In the study model, if an undertriage error costs more than $3,674, indiscriminate ambulance dispatch is the least expensive protocol, and if a... | yes |
7,481,104 | Does post-ischemic hypothermia ameliorate ischemic brain damage but not post-ischemic audiogenic seizures in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to describe a pattern of recovery and histological nerve cell loss in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to severe brain ischemia and to compare it to that of Wistar rats.",
"Ether- and ketamine-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 3, 5, 6 and 10 min of no... | Sprague-Dawley rats develop post-ischemic audiogenic seizures more frequently than Wistar rats and mortality rate is high. The incidence of post-ischemic audiogenic seizures and mortality correlates well with the duration of ischemia. Post-ischemic moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C) significantly ameliorated the hippo... | yes |
7,497,723 | Does ketamine attenuate endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence in rat mesenteric venules? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the influence of ketamine on endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence and venular microhemodynamics.",
"Randomized, controlled trial.",
"Experimental laboratory.",
"Thirty male Wistar rats.",
"The rats were pretreated with ketamine (10 mg/kg iv) or 0.9% saline, and both ... | Pretreatment with ketamine attenuates endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence by a shear rate-independent mechanism, suggesting reduced expression of adhesion molecules. These results indicate that ketamine exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, which might be beneficial in septic patients. | yes |
7,497,031 | Is ethanol-associated hypoglycemia uncommon? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the association of ethanol intoxication with hypoglycemia in ED patients.",
"Retrospective, laboratory log review of 953 consecutive patients who were evaluated for ethanol intoxication in an urban university hospital ED over a three-month period. Simultaneous serum glucose deter... | Hypoglycemia was uncommonly associated with ethanol intoxication, and was found almost exclusively among patients with several ethanol-positive visits. Glucose and ethanol concentrations do not show any linear correlation; patients with higher ethanol concentrations are not at higher risk of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia ... | yes |
7,484,083 | Is respiratory function deterioration time-linked with upper-limb onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), symptoms apparently spread following regional rules, and depending on the site of onset. We examined if respiratory function deterioration appears earlier or is more severe in patients with upper-limb onset.",
"We compared the results of various pulmona... | Pulmonary function deterioration does not appear to be time-linked to arm onset in ALS. | no |
7,474,921 | Is the quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The quantity of the silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNOR proteins) measured in situ in cytohistologic preparations is related to the rapidity of cell proliferation. The term \"AgNOR proteins\" comprises several proteins. The relationship between the individual AgNOR protein amount and cell pr... | These data indicate that the quantitative changes of AgNOR proteins observed in cytohistologic preparations in situ mainly reflect the quantitative changes of nucleolin and protein B23 and demonstrate that nucleolin and protein B23 amounts are inversely related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells. | yes |
7,491,521 | Do dNA index and ploidy distinguish normal human parathyroids from parathyroid adenomas and primary hyperplastic parathyroids? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of this study was to identify factors that might aid in diagnosis and intraoperative management of hyperparathyroidism.",
"We analyzed biopsy specimens of 242 parathyroids from 159 patients by use of flow cytometry and image cytometry (ICM) for DNA index (DI), defined as the content ... | DI by ICM differentiates normal from abnormal parathyroids. DI might influence extent of resection in two- and three-gland hyperplasia and selection of the most appropriate gland for autografting and cryopreservation in patients with four-gland hyperplasia. | yes |
7,497,716 | Does anti-interleukin-6 antibody treatment improve survival during gut-derived sepsis in a time-dependent manner by enhancing host defense? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the in vivo neutralizing activities of anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibody on survival rate and host defense in a clinically relevant model of infection.",
"Prospective, randomized, experimental animal study.",
"University and Shriners Burns Institute research laboratories.",
... | Treatment with antimurine IL-6 antibody at 2 and 4 hrs after injury, but not at 8 hrs after injury, positively affects outcome during gut-derived sepsis. Moreover, the beneficial effect of treatment after 2 hrs was related to an enhanced clearance of translocated bacteria. | yes |
7,491,649 | Does measurement of infarct size using MRI predict prognosis in middle cerebral artery infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"An accurate measure of the severity of ischemic insult and the resulting prognosis is needed to assess the effectiveness of new treatments for acute stroke. We studied the reproducibility and accuracy of measurements of infarct volume with MRI and correlated the measurements with outcome.",
"... | The results demonstrate that measurement of the size of middle cerebral artery infarction with MRI is a useful tool in assessing prognosis and will have a valuable role in assessing new therapeutic agents. | yes |
7,488,446 | Do dobutamine echocardiography and thallium-201 imaging predict functional improvement after revascularisation in severe ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the concordance between thallium-201 uptake and echocardiographic wall thickening, which are both indicators of potentially reversible myocardial dysfunction, in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular failure and to assess their relative contribution to predicting improvemen... | Dobutamine echocardiography and 201Tl imaging may be used to predict mechanical improvement in dysynergic segments after revascularisation in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction. | yes |
7,488,447 | Are serum lipoprotein ( a ) concentrations related to coronary disease progression without new myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the association between serum lipoprotein(a) and angiographically assessed coronary artery disease progression without new myocardial infarction.",
"85 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent serial angiography with an interval of at least two years were studied. Progre... | Serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations are closely related to the progression of coronary artery disease without new myocardial infarction. Lipoprotein(a) lowering treatment may be needed to prevent disease progression in patients with coronary artery disease and high serum lipoprotein(a). | yes |
7,482,022 | Do latent solitary tuberculous psoas abscess 52 years after healed thoracolumbar tuberculous spondylitis? | {
"contexts": [
"This study reports on an extremely rare case of tuberculous psoas abscess and describes the mode of diagnosis and treatment.",
"This patient is presented to emphasize that cases of solitary psoas abscess resulting from tuberculosis exist today.",
"No recent cases of latent solitary tuberc... | Orthopedic surgeons must be aware of the rare, delayed appearance of a solitary psoas abscess after tuberculous spondylitis. | yes |
7,474,939 | Do rat aortic smooth muscle cells become pericytes during angiogenesis in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously reported that the intimal endothelium of the rat aorta switches to a microvascular phenotype during angiogenesis in vitro. The microvessels formed by the rat aortic endothelium are coated with pericytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of the pericytes to the ... | This study demonstrates that the rat aorta contains a subpopulation of intimal/subintimal smooth muscle cells that differentiate into pericytes during angiogenesis in vitro. These cells have a distinct endothelial tropism and respond to endothelial cues by contributing to the differentiation and maturation of microvess... | yes |
7,494,353 | Is contralateral duplex scanning for deep venous thrombosis unnecessary in patients with symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"Bilateral lower extremity venous duplex scanning for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been advocated because of the high incidence of occult contralateral leg involvement. We investigated the clinical necessity of such a policy.",
"The results from 2996 venous duplex studies performed d... | Although bilateral involvement is frequent in patients with symptoms of acute DVT, treatment in these patients is not altered by this finding. We conclude that contralateral venous scanning in patients with unilateral symptoms is not clinically indicated and that unilateral scanning would result in improved cost-effici... | yes |
7,491,656 | Does hyperbaric oxygen after global cerebral ischemia in rabbits reduce brain vascular permeability and blood flow? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been advocated as a therapy to improve neurological recovery after ischemia, since HBO may improve tissue oxygen delivery. We examined the effect of HBO treatment after global cerebral ischemia on early brain injury.",
"Rabbits were subjected to 10 minutes of globa... | HBO administered after global cerebral ischemia promoted blood-brain barrier integrity. HBO treatment also reduced cerebral blood flow; this effect was not associated with a reduction in evoked potential recovery. Since neurological outcome after global cerebral ischemia is generally poor and treatment options are limi... | yes |
7,487,826 | Does simulated microgravity increase cutaneous blood flow in the head and leg of humans? | {
"contexts": [
"The cutaneous microcirculation vasodilates during acute 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT, simulated microgravity) relative to upright conditions, more in the lower body than in the upper body.",
"We expected that relative magnitudes of and differences between upper and lower body cutaneous blood... | Because hydrostatic effects of HDT increase local arterial pressure at the carotid sinus, baroreflex-mediated withdrawal of sympathetic tone probably contributed to increased microvascular flows at the head and leg during HDT. In the leg, baroreflex effects combined with minimal stimulation of local veno-arteriolar and... | yes |
7,496,983 | Do cognitive styles and personality characteristics strongly influence the decision to have photorefractive keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"A substantial number of patients who elect to undergo photorefractive keratectomy do so without the motivation of occupational uncorrected vision requirements. We hypothesized that information processing preferences for the auditory (versus visual) modality in a global, associative (versus detail... | Specific cognitive styles and personality characteristics strongly influence the choice to pursue photorefractive keratectomy when that choice is not occupationally driven. | yes |
7,488,451 | Is inspiratory muscle strength a determinant of maximum oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the significance of respiratory muscle weakness in chronic heart failure and its relation both to maximum oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and to skeletal muscle (quadriceps) strength.",
"Seven healthy men aged 54.9 (SEM 4.3) years and 20 men with chro... | Respiratory muscle weakness is seen in chronic heart failure. The results suggest that inspiratory muscles are important in determining maximum oxygen consumption and exercise tolerance in these patients. The lack of correlation between respiratory and right quadriceps muscle strength further suggests that the magnitud... | yes |
7,485,345 | Is premature parturition characterized by in utero activation of the fetal immune system? | {
"contexts": [
"At birth the fetus emerges from a sterile environment into a nonsterile one. This process is associated with activation of the fetal immune system which protects the fetus against infection in the newborn period. We conducted this study to determine whether activation of the monocyte-neutrophil s... | Activation of the monocyte-neutrophil system exists in fetuses destined for premature delivery. These findings indicate that premature parturition is associated with in utero immune system activation. | yes |
7,487,458 | Does bombesin affect mucosal immunity and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in intravenously fed mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Our prior studies show that intravenous (IV) total parenteral nutrition (TPN) produces atrophy of the small intestine-related gut-associated lymphoid tissue and significant decreases in intestinal IgA levels, the major system of mucosal immunity. Others have noted increased small intestinal perme... | Bombesin prevents the TPN-associated atrophy and dysfunction of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, supporting the concept of close neuroimmunologic interaction. | yes |
7,487,459 | Is except for alanine , muscle protein catabolism influenced by alterations in glucose metabolism during sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess any relationship between hyperglycemia and muscle protein catabolism associated with critical illness.",
"Cohort analytic study.",
"Clinical research center and intensive care unit of a university hospital.",
"Six healthy volunteers and five patients with severe sepsis.",
... | The findings of this study demonstrate a universal acceleration in the metabolic rates of both intermediary glucose metabolism and protein/amino acid catabolism during sepsis. Except for alanine, however, there appears to be no coupling between these two physiologic responses to sepsis. | no |
7,499,990 | Do health behaviours explain part of the differences in self reported health associated with partner/marital status in The Netherlands? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the differences in health behaviours in disparate marital status groups and to estimate the extent to which these can explain differences in health associated with marital status.",
"Baseline data of a prospective cohort study were used. Directly age standardised percentages of ea... | Differences in health behaviours explained a considerable amount, but not all, of the health differences related to marital status. Longitudinal data are necessary to confirm these findings; to determine whether the differences in health behaviours related to marital status are caused by selection effects or social cau... | yes |
12,754,030 | Does topical vancomycin applied on closure of the sternotomy wound prevent high levels of systemic vancomycin? | {
"contexts": [
"Vancomycin is effective in reducing the risk of mediastinits and topical vancomycin has been hypothesised to give high local dose concentrations while avoiding high systemic levels, thus avoiding the risk of bacterial resistance to this second-line antibiotic. However, this theory has never been ... | Topical vancomycin causes significant systemic concentrations in the 6h post-surgery and can be detected in the urine for up to 5 days post-surgery. | no |
12,767,667 | Does clinical assessment identify hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to determine the relevance of a proposed classification for advanced heart failure (HF). Profiles based on clinical assessment of congestion and perfusion at the time of hospitalization were compared with subsequent outcomes.",
"Optimal design of therapy and trials for... | Simple clinical assessment can be used to define profiles in patients admitted with HF. These profiles predict outcomes and may be used to guide therapy and identify populations for future investigation. | yes |
12,767,664 | Is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to sarcomeric gene mutations characterized by impaired energy metabolism irrespective of the degree of hypertrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated cardiac energetics in subjects with mutations in three different familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) disease genes, some of whom were nonpenetrant carriers without hypertrophy, using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.",
"Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ... | Our data provide evidence of a bioenergetic deficit in genotype-confirmed HCM, which is present to a similar degree in three disease-gene groups. The presence of energetic abnormalities, even in those without hypertrophy, supports a proposed link between altered cardiac energetics and development of the disease phenoty... | yes |
12,775,884 | Do central retinal artery Doppler flow parameters reflect the severity of cerebral small-vessel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the usefulness of central retinal artery (CRA) Doppler flowmetry in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD).",
"CRA Doppler flowmetry was performed in 103 SVD patients who underwent MRI. Sixty-four adjusted control subjects were also registered. We assessed average C... | Flow parameters may be useful for the quantitative assessment of SVD severity. | yes |
12,775,886 | Is endoglin a major susceptibility gene for intracranial aneurysm among Japanese? | {
"contexts": [
"A 6-base insertion (6bINS) polymorphism in intron 7 of the endoglin gene (ENG), which codes for a component of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor complex, was reported to be associated with intracranial aneurysm (IA) in a Japanese population. A recent report using a white population cou... | We provide evidence that there is no association between the 6bINS polymorphism or 4 SNPs in ENG and IA and that there is no linkage between the ENG locus and IA, indicating that ENG is not a major susceptibility gene for IA in Japanese. | no |
12,775,889 | Does neither arm nor face warming reduce the shivering threshold in unanesthetized humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Hand warming and face warming, combined with inhalation of heated air, are reported to suppress shivering. However, hand or face temperature contributes only a few percent to control of shivering. Thus, it seems unlikely that manipulating hand or facial skin temperature alone would be sufficient ... | Focal arm or face warming did not substantially reduce the shivering threshold in unanesthetized volunteers. It thus seems unlikely that these nonpharmacological modalities will substantially facilitate induction of therapeutic hypothermia. | yes |
12,763,140 | Does cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells enhance human myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice? | {
"contexts": [
"For approximately 5% of autologous transplant recipients and a higher proportion of allogeneic transplant recipients, low level and delayed platelet engraftment is an ongoing problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which can be derived from bone marrow as well as other organs, are capable of diffe... | Cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells with CD34(+)-selected hematopoietic stem cells enhances myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. | yes |
12,763,293 | Does baseline personality functioning correlate with 6 month outcome in schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"The assessment of outcome in schizophrenic patients should consider both the response to treatment and the recovery of social skills. The aim was to evaluate the outcome and related psychostructural and clinical factors in schizophrenic patients after they underwent 6 months of residential multim... | The better the personality functioning in schizophrenic patients the better seems to be the response to treatment, with regard to symptoms as well as rehabilitation. Personality assessment might be useful for the individualisation of therapies, even within the context of a standardised program. | yes |
12,780,946 | Are clinical variables poor selection criteria for the use of methacholine bronchoprovocation in symptomatic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with persistent air flow limitation and accelerated FEV(1) decline. AHR can influence diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We assessed the value of pulmonary function variables, symptoms, and history as selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprov... | Young and elderly symptomatic subjects are more likely to have methacholine AHR. None of the clinical variables we studied has significant predictive value for methacholine AHR across the age groups, so these variables are poor selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprovocation testing of symptomatic subjects. Give... | yes |
12,757,445 | Is epidermal growth factor receptor - but not histamine receptor - upregulated in seasonal allergic rhinitis? | {
"contexts": [
"We were interested in exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed difference in histamine (H) responsiveness between seasonal allergic rhinitic (SAR) and nonrhinitic (NR) subjects. We hypothesized that SAR subjects express higher nasal mucosal histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and 2 (H2R)... | There were no significant differences in H1R or H2R mRNA levels between SAR and NR subjects in-season, despite observed differences in H reactivity. SAR subjects, however, did show a significant elevation in EGFR expression, consistent with the observation of mucus hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis. | yes |
12,771,875 | Does early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension prevent spinal cord injury caused by descending thoracic aortic occlusion? | {
"contexts": [
"Postoperative neurologic deficits after thoracic aortic reconstruction vary widely. Our previous study showed that delayed ischemic preconditioning could prevent spinal cord injury caused by occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in pigs. We investigated early ischemic preconditioning in the ... | Early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension protects against spinal cord injury after aortic occlusion, as confirmed by using the Tarlov score and histopathology. | yes |
12,771,876 | Does pretreatment with statins enhance myocardial protection during coronary revascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"This experimental study was undertaken to determine whether pretreatment with statins would enhance myocardial protection and minimize ischemic injury during revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium.",
"In 20 pigs the second and third diagonal arteries were occluded for 90 minutes, fo... | Pretreatment with statins enhances myocardial protection during revascularization by means of mechanisms that are independent of their cholesterol-lowering properties. | yes |
12,771,873 | Does continuous insulin infusion reduce mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for death after coronary artery bypass grafting. Its relative risk may be related to the level of perioperative hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that strict glucose control with a continuous insulin infusion in the perioperative period would reduce hospital mortal... | Continuous insulin infusion eliminates the incremental increase in in-hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting associated with diabetes. The protective effect of continuous insulin infusion may stem from the effective metabolic use of excess glucose to favorably alter pathways of myocardial adenosine tr... | yes |
12,774,455 | Does positive washing cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer indicate a contraindication of pancreatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although peritoneal washing cytology has been widely used in the field of gynecology, it has not been performed so frequently in patients with pancreatic cancer. Only a few papers have reported surgical implications of peritoneal washing cytology.",
"We reviewed results of peritoneal washing ... | Positive peritoneal washing cytology is not rare in patients with pancreatic cancer and indicates a contraindication of pancreatectomy. | yes |
12,753,704 | Do [ Survivin mutants reverse the malignancy of HeLa cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Survivin was aberrantly expressed in most cancer tissues, suggesting that survivin plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the function and mechanism of survivin mutants in tumor cells.",
"The site-mutant and truncated survivin mutants were transfecte... | Survivin mutants can partially reverse the malignancy of HeLa cells. The reduction of cyclin D1 induced by survivin mutants may play an important role in it. Survivin may be a target gene in gene therapy of cancer. | yes |
12,766,068 | Is somatostatin an immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor? | {
"contexts": [
"To detect the presence of somatostatin (SOM) in normal aqueous humor and to characterize its immunosuppressive activity.",
"Fresh rabbit aqueous humor was assayed for SOM by competitive ELISA. Primed T cells stimulated through their T-cell receptor (TCR) were treated with SOM at concentration... | SOM is present in aqueous humor and contributes to the immunosuppressive activity of aqueous humor. Moreover, SOM induces the production of the potent immunomodulating factor alpha-MSH by TCR-stimulated primed T cells through which the SOM-treated T cells suppress other T cells. Thus, SOM can contribute to the ocular i... | yes |
12,757,044 | Is systematic restaining of sputum smears for quality control useful in Burundi? | {
"contexts": [
"Routine tuberculosis control services in Burundi.",
"To determine whether systematic restaining of sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) prior to rechecking quality assessment is necessary.",
"Blinded rechecking of peripheral routine smears, including a second control of discordants, ... | Despite mild climatic conditions in Burundi, restaining all slides before rechecking revealed an unrecognised, widespread problem of false negatives, rather than false positives. This indicated the need for critical re-appraisal of the standard procedure using cold staining, rather than re-training, as would have been ... | yes |
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