pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
18,565,212 | Is human pregnane X receptor expressed in breast carcinomas , potential heterodimers formation between hPXR and RXR-alpha? | {
"contexts": [
"The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) is an orphan nuclear receptor that induces transcription of response elements present in steroid-inducible cytochrome P-450 gene promoters. This activation requires the participation of retinoid X receptors (RXRs), needed partners of hPXR to form heterodimers.... | Breast cancer cells can express both variants 1 and 2 of hPXR. Infiltrative carcinomas that recurred showed a nuclear location of both hPXR and RXR-alpha; therefore, the overexpression and the subcellular location changes of hPXR could be considered as a potential new prognostic indicator. | yes |
18,565,216 | Does altered fractalkine cleavage potentially promote local inflammation in NOD salivary gland? | {
"contexts": [
"In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome, lymphocytic infiltration is preceded by an accumulation of dendritic cells in the submandibular glands (SMGs). NOD mice also exhibit an increased frequency of mature, fractalkine receptor (CX3C chemokine receptor [CX3CR]1) expressi... | These data indicate that aberrant proteolytic activity in the NOD SMG results in increased fractalkine cleavage and generation of a unique fractalkine fragment. This specific cleavage may contribute to autoimmunity. | yes |
18,545,106 | Does secretory immunoglobulin a blunt gut-mediated priming of neutrophils in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Gut ischemia may prime neutrophils to produce an exaggerated inflammatory response when challenged with bacterial pathogens. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the first line of defense against potential pathogens, but may also exert its anti-inflammatory effects on potentially destructive neut... | sIgA is the principal defense against potential pathogens at mucosal surfaces. Additional protective activity may be found in its ability to downregulate gut-mediated neutrophil priming. Although more work needs to be performed examining the role of sIgA in the pathogenesis of sepsis, this study shows that sIgA downreg... | yes |
18,545,105 | Does nuclear factor kappaB mediate the inhibitory effects of interleukin-1 on growth hormone-inducible gene expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatic expression of growth hormone (GH)-inducible genes serine protease inhibitor (Spi 2.1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are inhibited by interleukin (IL)-1. The current study examines the role of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) pathway and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)... | Signaling via the NFkappaB pathway is responsible for the inhibitory effects of IL-1 on GH-inducible gene expression by a mechanism that does not seem to involve increased SOCS-3 expression. | yes |
18,544,172 | Is a polymorphism of EGFR extracellular domain associated with progression free-survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving cetuximab-based treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), is currently used in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but predictive factors for therapeutic response are lacking. Mutational status of KRAS and EGFR, and EGFR copy number are potential determinants of cetuxim... | This preliminary study suggests that: an increase in EGFR copy number may be associated with cetuximab response but is a rare event in CRC, KRAS mutations are associated with low response rate but do not preclude any cetuximab-based combination efficacy and EGFR exon 13 variant (R521K) may predict for cetuximab benefit... | yes |
18,557,827 | Are red-blood-cell to plasma ratios transfused during massive transfusion associated with mortality in severe multiple injury : a retrospective analysis from the Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie? | {
"contexts": [
"To test whether an acute transfusion practice of packed red blood cells (pRBC) : fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) 1 : 1 would be associated with reduced mortality in acute bleeding multiply injury.",
"Retrospective analysis using the TR-DGU database (Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für ... | An association between pRBC : FFP transfusion ratios and mortality to favour early aggressive FFP administration was observed. Further investigation is necessary prior to recommending routine 1 : 1 or more aggressive FFP use in exsanguinating patients. | yes |
18,565,088 | Do axes of astigmatism in fellow eyes show mirror rather than direct symmetry? | {
"contexts": [
"Most astigmats have a similar level of astigmatism in each eye. However, there is controversy over whether the astigmatic axes in fellow eyes typically show direct or mirror symmetry. We carried out a statistical analysis designed to address this issue.",
"The median absolute difference in th... | Our results show that mirror, rather than direct, symmetry is the norm. | yes |
18,565,329 | Are elevated serum levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine , but not homocysteine , associated with cardiovascular disease in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The putative role of sulfur amino acids such as homocysteine (tHcy) as cardiovascular risk factors is controversial in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels have been linked to CVD in non-renal populations, such relationship has not been evaluated in CKD.",
... | Concentrations of serum SAH and SAM in CKD stage 5 patients are associated with renal function, but not with inflammation or PEW. Among the investigated sulfur amino acids, only SAH was independently associated with the presence of clinical signs of CVD. These findings suggest that while tHcy might be influenced by a n... | yes |
18,571,621 | Is [ Oxidative stress exacerbated in diabetic patients during cardiopulmonary bypass ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulation on blood extracorporeally through plastic tubing activates several pathways including systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. These phenomena are suspected to participate to neurological and cardiovascular side effects observed in the patients under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A... | In conclusion, the current study indicates that a systemic oxidative stress occurs during CPB and post-CPB periods and that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the systemic oxidative stress was increased. | yes |
18,571,627 | Is genetic liability for bipolar disorder characterized by excess frontal activation in response to a working memory task? | {
"contexts": [
"There is evidence that patients with bipolar disorder have working memory deficits even during periods of euthymia. The neural basis of such deficits and its relationship with genetic risk remain unclear. We utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural activity in s... | Left prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory is associated with genetic liability for bipolar disorder and represents a potential neurobiological endophenotype for the illness. | yes |
18,555,529 | Is kIR2DS5 associated with leukemia free survival after HLA identical stem cell transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Alloreactive NK cells play a role in tumor eradication after allogeneic HLA mismatched stem cell transplantation (SCT). The effect of NK alloreactivity in HLA identical SCT is still under debate and in particular in transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) the data are very limited and ... | Our data indicate a role for an NK mediated anti-CML response after HLA identical sibling SCT that is influenced by KIR ligands and, more importantly, by stimulatory KIRs present in the donor. | yes |
18,550,097 | Is the performance of prostate specific antigen for predicting prostate cancer maintained after a prior negative prostate biopsy? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been suggested that prostate specific antigen has no predictive value for prostate cancer after a first negative biopsy has been performed. We compared the performance operating characteristics of prostate specific antigen for prostate cancer between a first and subsequent prostate biopsy ... | Prostate specific antigen does not lose predictive value for the detection of prostate cancer even after a first biopsy shows no evidence of cancer, and its performance characteristics are only slightly decreased. | yes |
18,550,099 | Is over expression of hypoxia-inducible protein 2 , hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor kappaB putatively involved in acquired renal cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation in patients with end stage renal failure? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB in acquired cystic disease of the kidney associated with renal cell carcinoma to elucidate the roles of these factors in cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation.",
"Immunohistochemica... | Hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB may be involved in a continuous process of the evolution of phenotypic expression from a simple cyst to epithelial hyperplasia and eventually to tumor. | yes |
18,547,835 | Does stimulation of osteoblasts with Emdogain increase the expression of specific mineralization markers? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enamel matrix derivative on mRNA expression of markers related to periodontal healing.",
"Murine osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) were grown for 12 and 16 days in mineralization media and stimulated with 100 microg/mL Emdogain (EMD). C... | The beneficial effects seen in periodontal regeneration after treatment with EMD may be related to an increase of the mineralization markers BSP and OPN at mRNA level. | yes |
18,552,879 | Are oxytocin-induced contractions within rat and rabbit ejaculatory tissues mediated by vasopressin V1A receptors and not oxytocin receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxytocin is believed to be involved in ejaculation by increasing sperm number and contracting ejaculatory tissues. However, oxytocin may mediate these effects via oxytocin or vasopressin (AVP) receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin and AVP on peripheral tissues i... | The contractile effect of oxytocin on rat and rabbit ejaculatory and erectile tissues is mediated via V1A receptors. Endothelin-1-induced contractions are not due to endogenous oxytocin or AVP release. V1A receptor antagonists may have a therapeutic role in both erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. | yes |
18,560,466 | Is [ Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of uracil auxotroph Aspergillus fumigatus an efficient method for target gene knockout ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Aspergillus fumigatus by using pyrG as a recessive selectable marker.",
"FAP1 and SHO1 genes target sequences, composed of a selectable marker pyrG and the flanking sequences of the FAP1 and the SHO1 genes, ... | Our study showed that A. tumefaciens-medidated transformation by using pyrG as a recessive selectable marker is an efficient tool for target gene deletion of A. fumigatus. | yes |
18,565,177 | Is dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa associated with frequent FLG gene mutations? | {
"contexts": [
"Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (DEB-Pr; OMIM 604129) is a rare manifestation of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), characterized by pruritus, nodular prurigo-like lesions and fragility of the skin mainly in the extremities. Fewer than 40 patients with autosomal dominant or rece... | DEB-Pr develops as a result of COL7A1 gene mutations and acquired phenotype-modifying factors. Filaggrin mutations did not contribute to the pruriginous phenotype in the present patient cohort. | no |
18,560,582 | Do alternative promoters influence alternative splicing at the genomic level? | {
"contexts": [
"More and more experiments have shown that transcription and mRNA processing are not two independent events but are tightly coupled to each other. Both promoter and transcription rate were found to influence alternative splicing. More than half of human genes have alternative promoters, but it is ... | Thus at the genomic level, alternative promoters are positively correlated with alternative splicing. | yes |
18,560,588 | Is immunogenecity of modified alkane polymers mediated through TLR1/2 activation? | {
"contexts": [
"With the advancement of biomedical technology, artificial materials have been developed to replace diseased, damaged or nonfunctional body parts. Among such materials, ultra high molecular weight alkane or modified alkyl polymers have been extensively used in heart valves, stents, pacemakers, ear... | This is the first report of a synthetic polymer activating immune responses through TLR binding. | yes |
18,544,619 | Does deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase 3B promote epigenetic silencing through histone 3 chromatin modifications in pituitary cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Epigenetic dysregulation is implicated in pituitary neoplasia as the cause of silencing of several tumor suppressor genes. However, the upstream mediators of such events remain unknown.",
"We examined the three members of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzyme family in normal and neoplastic... | Our findings identify DNMT3b as a putative mediator of epigenetic control through histone modifications of gene expression in pituitary cells. | yes |
18,544,618 | Is impaired insulin activation and dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome reversed by pioglitazone treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The molecular mechanisms underlying reduced insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle of patients with PCOS have not been established.",
"We investigated protein content,... | Impaired insulin activation of GS including absent dephosphorylation at sites 2+2a contributes to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in PCOS. The ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity, in part, involves improved insulin action on GS activity and dephosphorylation at NH2-terminal sites. | yes |
18,563,556 | Does expression profiling of familial breast cancers demonstrate higher expression of FGFR2 in BRCA2-associated tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated tumors appear to have distinct molecular signatures. BRCA1-associated tumors are predominantly basal-like cancers, whereas BRCA2-associated tumors have a predominant luminal-like phenotype. These two molecular signatures reflect in part the two cell types found in the ... | BRCA1-associated tumours demonstrated increased expression of component genes of the Notch and TGFbeta pathways whereas the higher expression of FGFR2 and FGF1 in BRCA2-associated cancers suggests the existence of an autocrine stimulatory loop. | yes |
18,544,708 | Does intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y induce hepatic insulin resistance via sympathetic innervation? | {
"contexts": [
"We recently showed that intracerebroventricular infusion of neuropeptide Y (NPY) hampers inhibition of endogenous glucose production (EGP) by insulin in mice. The downstream mechanisms responsible for these effects of NPY remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish ... | Intracerebroventricular administration of NPY acutely induces insulin resistance of EGP via activation of sympathetic output to the liver. | yes |
18,547,943 | Is regular exercise in the elderly effective to preserve the speed of voluntary stepping under single-task condition but not under dual-task condition . A case-control study? | {
"contexts": [
"Stepping response may be considered the most important postural reaction to prevent a fall because it is the inability to respond effectively to a loss of balance that ultimately determines whether a fall occurs. However, very little has been studied on the effect of exercising on step execution ... | Exercising regularly protects from physical functioning loss in older persons and against a decrease in voluntary step execution times during single-task but not during dual-task conditions. Lack of specificity (dual-task exercises) during the training may be the cause of insignificant differences in dual-task stepping... | yes |
18,555,021 | Does down-regulation of osteopontin suppress growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via induction of apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Expression of osteopontin correlates with tumor progression and metastasis. The mechanisms by which osteopontin promotes tumor cell survival remain unclear. Here we used short-hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing to investigate the antitumor effects by osteopontin depletion in hepatocellular carci... | Osteopontin may facilitate tumorigenesis and metastasis through prevention of tumor cells from apoptosis. RNA interference-mediated depletion of osteopontin may be a promising strategy for the treatment of HCC by sensitizing the chemotherapeutic drugs. | yes |
18,566,196 | Does gabapentin reduce post-thoracotomy shoulder pain : a randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled study? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite adequate epidural analgesia, up to 97% of patients undergoing thoracotomy experience ipsilateral shoulder pain. In this setting, this study evaluated the safety and the efficacy of pre-emptive gabapentin.",
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken in 51 patients random... | Pre-emptively administered gabapentin, 1200 mg, does not reduce the incidence, or the severity, of post-thoracotomy shoulder pain in patients receiving thoracic epidural analgesia. | no |
18,566,197 | Does thoracic epidural analgesia improve pulmonary function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary dysfunction commonly occurs following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, increasing morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) would improve pulmonary function and would decrease complications in patients undergoing CABG surgery.",
"Th... | High TEA decreases postoperative pain and atelectasis and improves pulmonary function in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Our results support the use of TEA in this group of patients. | yes |
18,557,801 | Is body mass index a stronger predictor of alanine aminotransaminase levels than alcohol consumption? | {
"contexts": [
"The relative effects of obesity compared to alcohol on liver injury are uncertain. We examined their effects on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels in a population-based cohort.",
"Adult residents (2610: 1326 males, 1284 females) from Busselton, Australia... | Excess weight is more common than excessive alcohol consumption in the community and confers a greater risk of elevated aminotransaminase levels. | yes |
18,555,708 | Does xAF1 mRNA expression improve progression-free and overall survival for patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate whether mRNA expression of the apoptosis-associated genes, XAF1 and XIAP, in bladder cancer patients correlates with response to neoadjuvant treatment.",
"Gene expression was analyzed by a real-time quantitative PCR method in paired samples from 14 bla... | This is one of the few studies to address the role of XAF1 in a clinical setting. The data presented here identify XAF1 as a novel predictive and prognostic factor in bladder cancer patients. Furthermore, our observations are in line with previous studies, which point towards XAF1 as a tumor-suppressor gene. Nonetheles... | yes |
18,570,214 | Does monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue induce direct lipid accumulation in hepatocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"For many years, adipose tissue has been mainly considered as an inert reservoir for storing triglycerides. Since the discovery that adipocytes may secrete a variety of bioactive molecules (hormones, chemokines, and cytokines), an endocrine and paracrine role for white adipose tissue (WAT) in the ... | The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue may induce steatosis not only recruiting macrophages but also acting directly on hepatocytes. | yes |
18,560,600 | Does cytosolic sequestration of Prep1 influence early stages of T cell development? | {
"contexts": [
"Prep1 and Pbx2 are the main homeodomain DNA-binding proteins of the TALE (three amino acid loop extension) family expressed in the thymus. We previously reported reduced Pbx2 expression and defective thymocyte maturation in Prep1 hypomorphic mice. To further investigate the role of this homeodoma... | The results obtained by genetic (Prep1 hypomorphic) and functional (Pbx1NT transgenic) inactivation of Prep1 support nonredundant roles for this homeodomain protein during different stages of T cell development. | yes |
18,544,122 | Does a very strict guideline reduce the number of erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Benefits of adopting restrictive guidelines for erythrocyte transfusions are still controversial. The objective of this study was to verify if a very strict guideline could reduce erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants without adverse outcomes.",
"Two prospective cohorts of neonates with... | A very strict guideline reduced the number of erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants, without threatening their clinical course. | yes |
18,558,006 | Is male breast cancer : the scenario changing? | {
"contexts": [
"The overall incidence of male breast cancer is around 1% of all breast cancers and is on the rise. In this review we aim to present various aspects of male breast cancer with particular emphasis on incidence, risk factors, patho-physiology, treatment, prognostic factors, and outcome.",
"Infor... | There is a scenario of rising incidence, particularly in urban US, Canada and UK. Even though more data on risk factors is emerging about this disease, more multi-institutional efforts to pool data with large randomized trials to show treatment and survival benefits are needed to support the existing vast emerging know... | yes |
18,567,914 | Does red reveal branch die-back in Norway maple Acer platanoides? | {
"contexts": [
"Physiological data suggest that autumn leaf colours of deciduous trees are adaptations to environmental stress. Recently, the evolution of autumn colouration has been linked to tree condition and defence. Most current hypotheses presume that autumn colours vary between tree individuals. This stud... | The results suggest that red leaf colouration and branch condition are interrelated in Norway maple. Early reddish colours may be used as an indication of leaf nitrogen and carbon levels but not as an indication of tree condition. Studies that concentrate on entire trees may not operate at an optimal level to detect th... | yes |
18,544,357 | Is secretory phospholipase A2 required to produce histologic changes associated with gastroduodenal reflux in a murine model? | {
"contexts": [
"The earliest response of esophageal mucosa to gastric reflux is the development of oxidative damage and inflammation. These processes contribute to the development of metaplasia known as Barrett's esophagus, as well as the progression to malignancy. Secretory phospholipase A(2) is a mediator of i... | The presence of secretory phospholipase A(2) appears necessary for early histologic changes produced by exposure of the esophagus to gastroduodenal contents. This enzyme is identified as a promising target for evaluation of mechanisms of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention of esophageal carcinoma. | yes |
18,552,505 | Does hBx inhibit the growth of CCL13-HBX-stable cells via the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin cascade? | {
"contexts": [
"The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays critical roles in cell survival via modulation of signaling pathways. In our previous studies, we reported that HBx inhibited the growth of CCL13-HBx-stable cells (Chang-HBx cells) in vitro and tumor formation in vivo in CCL13-HBx-cell-injected nude mic... | Our findings suggest that HBx negatively regulated proliferation of CCL13-HBx-stable cells via the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin cascade. | yes |
18,552,508 | Does celecoxib inhibit serum amyloid a-induced matrix metalloproteinase-10 expression in human endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Although serum amyloid A (SAA) is an established biomarker of coronary artery disease (CAD), its direct role in matrix degradation is obscure. This study investigated the effect of SAA on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in endothelial cells. The effect of celecoxib on SAA-d... | SAA induced MMP-10 expression and celecoxib prevented its induction. MMP-10 induction was at least partly mediated by PGE(2). | yes |
18,552,509 | Is arginine transport augmented , through modulation of cationic amino acid transporter-1 , in obstructive uropathy in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is characteristic of obstructive uropathy, was suggested to be associated with attenuated nitric oxide (NO) generation. Since availability of L-arginine, the sole precursor for NO, governs NO synthesis, we aimed to determine the role of glom... | BUO induces an increase in glomerular arginine transport via upregulation of CAT-1, probably due to increase in arginine utilization by a non-NO pathway. | yes |
18,567,890 | Does the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk5 mediate human mesangial cell activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Mesangial activation occurs in many forms of renal disease that progress to renal failure. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important mediators involved in the intracellular network of interacting proteins that transduce extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses. The extracell... | These results suggest that Erk5 is involved in agonist-induced mesangial cell contraction, proliferation and ECM accumulation and point to a multifunctional role of Erk5 in the pathophysiology of glomerular mesangial cells. | yes |
18,567,894 | Is fSHB promoter polymorphism within evolutionary conserved element associated with serum FSH level in men? | {
"contexts": [
"No polymorphisms affecting serum FSH levels have been described in the human FSHB gene. We have identified a potential regulatory single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs10835638; G/T) 211 bp upstream from the FSHB mRNA transcription start-site, located within a highly conserved region among place... | The identification of a regulatory SNP in FSHB promoter paves the way to study the effect of constitutively low FSH on male health and fertility. As FSH contributes to follicular development and sex steroid production in women, the role of this FSHB variant in female reproductive success is still to be addressed. | yes |
18,568,974 | Is ethnicity associated with alterations in oxytocin relationships to pain sensitivity in women? | {
"contexts": [
"It is well established that African Americans (AA) experience greater pain associated with a variety of clinical conditions, and greater pain sensitivity to experimental pain tasks relative to non-Hispanic Whites (W). Notably, African Americans do not show the same relationships involving endogen... | These data suggest that reduced oxytocinergic function may be one of multiple biological factors contributing to the greater sensitivity to experimental ischemic pain, and to the greater burden of some types of clinical pain experienced by African Americans compared with Whites. | yes |
18,551,151 | Is fast-track open colectomy possible in a New Zealand public hospital? | {
"contexts": [
"In recent years, with the introduction of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) or Fast-Track protocols, perioperative care for colonic surgery has changed significantly. This is the experience of a single surgeon within a public hospital in New Zealand.",
"Between October 2005 and July 2007... | With a systematic, multidisciplinary approach, it is possible to implement and maintain a fast-track programme in a New Zealand public hospital. | yes |
18,572,364 | Does interleukin-1 receptor antagonist attenuate the severity of spinal cord ischemic injury in rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery is sometimes complicated by subacute or delayed paraplegia. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta has been implicated in extensive inflammation and progressive neurodegeneration after ischemia. Using a rabbit model, we investigated the ne... | Administration of IL-1ra attenuates spinal cord ischemic-reperfusion injury as evidenced by reducing both neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. | yes |
18,572,367 | Do apolipoprotein E-/- mice have delayed skeletal muscle healing after hind limb ischemia-reperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"Classic studies of limb ischemia-reperfusion injury have been performed using young healthy mice. However, patients with peripheral vascular disease are older and often exhibit metabolic derangements that may delay healing after revascularization. Mice with genetic deletion of apolipoprotein E (A... | Although there was no difference between the injured muscle of Wt and ApoE(-/-) mice during the acute phase of reperfusion, ApoE(-/-) mice showed delay in skeletal muscle healing during the chronic phase of reperfusion. This lag in muscle regeneration was associated with lower levels of myogenin at 7DR and an increased... | yes |
18,570,004 | Does a benzodiazepine discontinuation programme increase the frequency of contacts with the family practice? | {
"contexts": [
"The efficacy of programmes to reduce long-term benzodiazepine use could be compromised by subsequent increases in contacts with the family practice. In this study the hypothesis was tested as to whether participation in a benzodiazepine discontinuation programme affects the frequency of contacts ... | No clinically important differences in practice contacts were observed when the course of the number of contacts and non-benzodiazepine prescriptions were compared between the experimental and control groups. Family practitioners do not have to anticipate an increased workload associated with participation in such a be... | no |
18,568,882 | Do aspergillus fumigatus antigens activate immortalized human corneal epithelial cells via toll-like receptors 2 and 4? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the role of toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 in host responses to Aspergillus fumigatus by use of cultured telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs).",
"HCECs were stimulated with inactive antigens from A. fumigatus. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4, phosphory... | TLR2 and TLR4-nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways in corneal epithelium play important roles in inflammatory responses against A. fumigatus antigens. | yes |
18,568,883 | Is the herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) glycoprotein K ( gK ) essential for viral corneal spread and neuroinvasiveness? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the role of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein K(gK) in corneal infection, neuroinvasion, and virus latency in trigeminal ganglia of mice.",
"The recombinant virus HSV-1 (McKrae) Delta gK (MKDelta gK) carrying a deletion of the gK gene was constructed by insertional/dele... | The results show that HSV-1 gK is essential for efficient replication and spread in the corneal epithelium and trigeminal ganglia neuroinvasion in MKDelta gK inoculated mice. | yes |
18,568,885 | Does topical and oral ketorolac administration increase the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprost? | {
"contexts": [
"To verify the influence of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), ketorolac (topical and oral) on the intraocular pressure reduction induced by 0.005% latanoprost topical administration, both in patients affected by primary open-angle glaucoma and in healthy controls.",
"Two groups o... | Topical and oral ketorolac strengthens the latanoprost-induced IOP-lowering effect both in glaucomatous patients and in healthy subjects. | yes |
18,559,077 | Does perfusion scanning using 99mTc-HMPAO detect early cerebrovascular changes in the diabetic rat? | {
"contexts": [
"99mTc-HMPAO is a well-established isotope useful in the detection of regional cerebral blood flow. Diabetes gives rise to arterial atherosclerotic changes that can lead to significant end organ dysfunction, prominently affecting perfusion to the heart, kidneys, eyes and brain. In the current stud... | 99mTc-HMPAO brain scan may be useful in the detection of early atherosclerotic changes in the diabetic rat brain. | yes |
18,565,155 | Does inhibition of 5alpha-reduced steroid biosynthesis impede acquisition of ethanol drinking in male C57BL/6J mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Allopregnanolone (ALLO) is a physiologically relevant neurosteroid modulator of GABA(A) receptors, and it exhibits a psychopharmacological profile that closely resembles the post-ingestive effects of ethanol. The 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride (FIN), which inhibits biosynthesis of ALLO an... | Although the exact mechanism is unclear, FIN and other pharmacological interventions that modulate the GABAergic system may prove useful in curbing ethanol intake acquisition in at-risk individuals. | yes |
18,562,786 | Is vasoactive intestinal peptide critical for circadian regulation of glucocorticoids? | {
"contexts": [
"Circadian control of behavior and physiology is a central characteristic of all living organisms. The master clock in mammals resides in the hypothalamus, where the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes daily rhythms. A variety of recent evidence indicates that the neuropeptide vasoactive in... | Thus, our data demonstrate that VIP is essential for the circadian regulation of an otherwise intact hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. | yes |
18,572,184 | Is total absence of ST-segment resolution after failed thrombolysis correlated with unfavorable short- and long-term outcomes despite successful rescue angioplasty? | {
"contexts": [
"ST-segment resolution (STR) is a well-established and simple tool for assessing the efficacy of reperfusion therapy in myocardial infarction. An incomplete (<50%) STR is a recognized marker of failed thrombolysis and a suitable recruitment criterion for rescue angioplasty.",
"We sought to det... | The STR assessment before rescue PCI proved to be a good and simple means to predict the short- and long-term prognosis in these patients. | yes |
18,554,947 | Does experimental evidence support the abscess theory of development of radicular cysts? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to experimentally induce inflammatory cysts in an animal model so as to test the hypothesis that radicular cysts develop via the \"abscess pathway.\"",
"Twenty-eight perforated custom-made Teflon cages were surgically implanted into defined locations in the bac... | Inflammatory cysts were induced by initiating acute inflammatory foci (abscess/necrotic area) by bacterial injection that got enclosed by a proliferating epithelium. This finding provides strong experimental evidence in support of the "abscess theory" of development of radicular cysts. | yes |
18,559,695 | Is alternative splicing of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase associated with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to simvastatin? | {
"contexts": [
"HMGCR(3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase), the direct target of statin inhibition, undergoes alternative splicing of exon 13, which encodes part of the statin-binding domain of the enzyme. We hypothesized that HMGCR alternative splicing might be related to the interindividual variati... | Variation in the production of an HMGCR isoform with reduced statin sensitivity is a determinant of interindividual differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglyceride response to statin treatment. | yes |
18,561,247 | Does radiotherapy augment the immune response to prostate cancer in a time-dependent manner? | {
"contexts": [
"Cancer immunotherapy refers to an array of strategies intended to treat progressive tumors by augmenting a patient's anti-tumor immune response. As immunotherapy is eventually incorporated into oncology treatment paradigms, it is important to understand how these therapies interact with establish... | The therapeutic temporal window of immunotherapy post-RT suggests that highly aggressive, immuno-suppressive tumors might be most sensitive to immunotherapy in a fairly narrow time window; these results should help to guide future development of clinical combinatorial strategies. | yes |
18,560,594 | Are colorectal cancer stem cells enriched in xenogeneic tumors following chemotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients generally die of cancer after the failure of current therapies to eliminate residual disease. A subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC), appears uniquely able to fuel the growth of phenotypically and histologically diverse tumors. It has been proposed, therefore, tha... | CoCSC are enriched in colon tumors following chemotherapy and remain capable of rapidly regenerating tumors from which they originated. By focusing on the biology of CoCSC, major resistance mechanisms to specific chemotherapeutic agents can be attributed to specific genes, thereby suggesting avenues for improving cance... | yes |
18,550,154 | Does protein disulfide isomerase have no stimulatory chaperone effect on factor X activation by factor VIIa-soluble tissue factor? | {
"contexts": [
"It was recently reported that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) stimulates factor X (FX) activation by factor VIIa (FVIIa) bound to soluble tissue factor (sTF) in a purified system and that PDI may be responsible for activating cellular tissue factor (TF) and switching it between its roles in blo... | FX activation is insensitive to PDI per se and a phospholipid contaminant in the bovine PDI preparation acts stimulatory when sTF, but not lipidated TF, is the cofactor. Strong support is provided by the lacking effect of bovine PDI after removal or modification of the Gla domain in either FVIIa or FX as well as by the... | yes |
18,558,558 | Is aymptomatic CMV viremia associated with increased levels of serum amyloid A in patients with advanced HIV-infection? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated assays for the measurement of acute phase protein levels in plasma for their usefulness to identify sensitively an inflammatory response to active cytomegalovirus CMV infection in HIV-infected patients.",
"Plasma samples were collected from 28 CMV-seropositive patients with advan... | Increased levels of SAA indicate sensitively an inflammatory response to active CMV infection. Use of a CMV-specific virological assay is required to confirm the specificity of a high SAA-level but may be limited to samples with high SAA-levels. Hence, screening for increased levels of SAA in patients with advanced HIV... | yes |
18,573,391 | Is aprotinin associated with postoperative renal impairment after primary coronary surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies on the safety of aprotinin in coronary artery surgery have given conflicting results. Therefore, we studied the possible link between perioperative aprotinin treatment and renal dysfunction in patients undergoing first-time coronary surgery with a high risk of bleeding.",
"We performe... | Aprotinin treatment during primary coronary surgery was not associated with impaired postoperative renal function in comparison with patients treated with tranexamic acid. | no |
18,570,226 | Does benzodiazepine-induced reduction in activity mirror decrements in cognitive and psychomotor performance? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether actigraphy is sensitive to benzodiazepine-induced changes in cognitive and psychomotor performance and sleep.",
"Healthy young volunteers (n = 23; 11 males), were randomised to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Actigraphy was used to record motor activity ... | This study showed that activity levels were significantly reduced following dosing with a benzodiazepine and these changes coincided with impairment of cognitive and psychomotor performance. Actigraphy, therefore, appears to be able to reflect the psychopharmacological effects of a benzodiazepine in changes in daytime ... | yes |
18,559,918 | Does short-term treatment with bromocriptine improve impaired circadian growth hormone secretion in obese premenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"A profound reduction of spontaneous as well as stimulated GH secretion has been consistently observed in obesity. Dopamine promotes GH release through activation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Dopamine D2R availability in the brain is reduced in obese humans in proportion to body adiposity. We ... | Activation of dopamine D2Rs by B favorably affects impaired nyctohemeral GH secretion in obese women. Reduced dopaminergic neuronal signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity associated hyposomatotropism. | yes |
18,559,915 | Is inverse association of testosterone and the metabolic syndrome in men consistent across race and ethnic groups? | {
"contexts": [
"Low sex hormone levels have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS).",
"Our objective was to determine whether the association between sex hormone levels and MetS varies by race/ethnicity among men and to investigate the relationship of sex hormones and individual components of Met... | A robust, dose-response relationship between sex hormone levels and odds of the metabolic syndrome in men is consistent across racial/ethnic groups. | yes |
18,559,911 | Are endometrial receptivity and implantation affected by the presence of uterine intramural leiomyomas : a clinical and functional genomics analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Uterine leiomyomas are the most frequent benign tumors during reproductive age. Whether intramural leiomyomas cause infertility and should be removed is controversial because no study has addressed the underlying mechanism of infertility.",
"The objective of the study was to test the effect o... | This study provides evidence that intramural leiomyomas not affecting the endometrial cavity alters the expression pattern of some endometrial genes, but the genes involved in implantation are not affected. This is confirmed by leiomyomas having no effect on oocyte donation outcome when the size and number of leiomyoma... | no |
18,559,912 | Is ovarian morphology a marker of heritable biochemical traits in sisters with polycystic ovaries? | {
"contexts": [
"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy of uncertain etiology but with strong evidence for a genetic contribution.",
"The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the typical polycystic ovarian morphology is a marker of inherited biochemical features in famil... | These data provide further evidence for a genetic basis of PCOS. The high heritability of biochemical features in probands and affected sisters, despite wide variation in symptoms, shows that not only are these biochemical traits strongly influenced by genetic factors but also, importantly, that polycystic ovarian morp... | yes |
18,555,056 | Does eating disorder psychopathology predict the overweight severity in subjects seeking weight loss treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Many obese subjects show relevant psychological distress. The aims of this study were to assess the psychopathological and clinical features of a sample of overweight or obese subjects seeking weight loss treatment and to evaluate the possible, significant associations between the levels of overw... | The severity of the specific and general eating disorder psychopathology does not predict the levels of overweight. A positive association between severe eating disorder psychopathology and clinical depression was observed. | no |
18,556,572 | Does cilostazol inhibit oxidative stress-induced premature senescence via upregulation of Sirt1 in human endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of PDE3, has a protective effect on endothelium after ischemic vascular damage, through production of nitric oxide (NO). The purpose of the present study was to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the preventive effect of treatment with cilostazol on oxid... | Our results indicated that cilostazol exerted protective effects against endothelial senescence and dysfunction, and enhancement of NO production is a key mediator in upregulation of Sirt1. | yes |
18,547,342 | Do eugonadal male patients with adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical hypercortisolism have increased rate of vertebral fractures? | {
"contexts": [
"Subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) is suggested to exert a deleterious effect on bone. This effect and the role of gonadal status in male subjects are not fully elucidated. We evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of vertebral fractures in eugonadal male subjects with adrenal inciden... | In eugonadal male patients with AI, SH is associated with low BMD and high prevalence of vertebral fractures. | yes |
18,570,897 | Does platelet-derived growth factor signaling through ephrin-b2 regulate hepatic vascular structure and function? | {
"contexts": [
"Cirrhosis is associated with prominent changes in sinusoidal structure and function. Although the resident pericyte in liver, the hepatic stellate cell (HSC), is well characterized in the process of fibrogenesis, signaling pathways that regulate HSC vascular function are less developed. Because p... | These studies elucidate novel HSC-signaling pathways that regulate microvascular structure and function in liver. | yes |
18,565,981 | Does age hamper the response to pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients? | {
"contexts": [
"pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves health status and exercise tolerance, but not respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our objective was to identify predictors of improvement in the 6-min walked distance (6'WD) in elderly COPD patients after PR.",... | among elderly patients with COPD, a comprehensive rehabilitation programme can significantly improve the 6'WD even in the presence of chronic hypoxemia. The most physically impaired patients achieve the greatest benefit from rehabilitation, but we could not develop a model accurately predicting the response to rehabili... | no |
18,546,042 | Is ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer frequently associated with the microsatellite instability pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with ulcerative colitis have a high risk for the development of colorectal cancer. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenesis process of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer, the genetic alterations in inflamed or neoplastic colon epithelium in ulcerative col... | The carcinogenesis process in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer was closely associated with the microsatellite instability pathway through TGFbetaRII mutation by a dysfunction of the mismatch repair system. | yes |
18,560,801 | Are reduced cardiorespiratory fitness , low physical activity and an urban environment independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children? | {
"contexts": [
"To assist in the development of preventive strategies, we studied whether the neighbourhood environment or modifiable behavioural parameters, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA), are independently associated with obesity and metabolic risk markers in children.",
... | Reduced CRF, low PA and an urban environment are independently associated with an increase in metabolic risk markers in children. | yes |
18,556,747 | Does icodextrin impact infectious and culture-negative peritonitis rates in peritoneal dialysis patients : a 2-year multicentre , comparative , prospective cohort study? | {
"contexts": [
"Icodextrin is a glucose polymer derived by hydrolysis of cornstarch. The different biocompatibility profile of icodextrin-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions may have a positive influence on peritoneal host defence. Furthermore, cases of sterile peritonitis potentially associated with i... | Subjects receiving icodextrin as part of their PD regimen experienced neither a higher rate of culture-negative peritonitis nor a lower rate of infectious peritonitis compared with non-icodextrin users. There was no significant influence of the icodextrin raw material supplier on peritonitis rates. | no |
18,542,936 | Are vKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms associated with warfarin dose requirements in Turkish patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine the quantitative influence of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP 2C9) polymorphisms on warfarin dose requirements in Turkish patients.",
"A total of 205 patients taking warfarin for >2 months were en... | Polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes were important determinants of warfarin dose requirements in Turkish patients. | yes |
18,548,846 | Does kale juice improve coronary artery disease risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of 3-month kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice supplementation on coronary artery disease risk factors among hypercholesterolemic men.",
"Thirty-two men with hypercholesterolemia (> 200 mg/dL) were recruited after annual health examinations among the faculty and sta... | Regular meals supplementation with kale juice can favorably influence serum lipid profiles and antioxidant systems, and hence contribute to reduce the risks of coronary artery disease in male subjects with hyperlipidemia. | yes |
18,552,391 | Is surgical intervention and accommodative responses , II : forward ciliary body accommodative movement facilitated by zonular attachments to the lens capsule? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the role of the lens and the lens capsule in the three-dimensional architecture of the ciliary muscle at rest and during accommodation, in live rhesus monkeys and in histologic sections, by removing the entire lens, or only the lens nucleus and cortex, while leaving the posterior cap... | The posterior lens capsule and anterior zonular attachments facilitate forward accommodative ciliary body movement. Lens substance extraction procedures that leave the posterior capsule intact, similar to those used clinically, do not affect the capsule/zonular/muscular system movements, an important finding for accomm... | yes |
18,552,390 | Is visual acuity related to parafoveal retinal thickness in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and macular cysts? | {
"contexts": [
"To quantify the prevalence and effect on visual acuity of macular cysts in a large cohort of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.",
"In 316 patients with typical forms of retinitis pigmentosa, visual acuity was measured with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts, macular cy... | Macular cysts are a common occurrence in retinitis pigmentosa, especially among patients with dominantly inherited disease. Visual acuity is influenced by edema in the parafovea, as well as in the fovea. | yes |
18,571,540 | Is serum Amyloid A concentration increased in obese children and adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the circulating concentrations of the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) in lean, overweight, and obese children and adolescents and analyze the influence of body fat.",
"A total of 63 children and adolescents (65% girls) with an average age of 12.1 +/- 2.7 years (range, 6 t... | Plasma SAA concentrations are elevated in overweight and obese children, being strongly related to adiposity and log CRP. This finding suggests that increased body fat may contribute to the development of a low-grade chronic proinflammatory state at an early age, possibly contributing to the obesity-associated cardiova... | yes |
18,558,011 | Does venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection cause modulation of inflammatory and immune response genes in mouse brain? | {
"contexts": [
"Neurovirulent Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) causes lethal encephalitis in equines and is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. VEEV is highly infectious when transmitted by aerosol and has been developed as a bio-warfare agent, making it an important pathogen to study from a military... | Identification of differentially expressed genes in brain will help in the understanding of VEEV-induced pathogenesis and selection of biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapy of VEEV-induced neurodegeneration. | yes |
18,551,042 | Does genotype of human carbonyl reductase CBR3 correlate with doxorubicin disposition and toxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic drug with potential for severe myelosuppression that is highly variable and poorly predictable.",
"We correlated CBR1 and CBR3 genotypes with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxorubicin in 101 Southeast Asian breast cancer patients receiving first-line ... | Polymorphisms in CBR3 may explain interindividual and interethnic variability of doxorubicin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. | yes |
18,551,043 | Is effectiveness of statins in the reduction of the risk of myocardial infarction modified by the GNB3 C825T variant? | {
"contexts": [
"The GNB3 C825T polymorphism has been shown to affect lipid parameters, atherosclerosis progression, and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, we assessed whether the effectiveness of statins in reducing the risk of MI was modified by the GNB3 C825T polymorphism.",
"In a populati... | Our findings show that T allele carriers of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism have less risk of MI and are more likely to benefit from statin therapy in a hypercholesterolemic population of antihypertensive drug users. | yes |
18,556,236 | Does sympathetic modulation by levodopa reduce vascular risk factors in Parkinson disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity promotes vascular disorders by its catabolic effects and by increasing arterial blood pressure. Levodopa-derived dopamine modulates sympathetic overactivity and is known to reduce blood pressure, but its effects on glucose and lipid metabolism have not bee... | Levodopa use in parkinsonian patients is associated with reduced vascular risk factors. In causal terms this finding might be attributed to the inhibitory action of levodopa-derived dopamine on the sympathetic nervous system. | yes |
18,545,129 | Do outcomes of trauma patients after transfer to a level I trauma center? | {
"contexts": [
": Trauma center physicians need to know the patient's prognosis to make appropriate clinical decisions when they take over the care of a transferred patient. We sought to compare the survival of injured patients after transfer to a trauma center with survival from a comparable time after injury a... | : After accounting for key demographic and clinical characteristics, transfer status does not appear to be a significant independent predictor of survival among patients with moderate to severe injuries treated at Level I trauma centers. | yes |
18,570,191 | Is self-criticism a key predictor of eating disorder dimensions among inpatient adolescent females? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the unipolar depression-eating disorder comorbidity is adequately documented, examination of the role of depressive personality styles in eating disorders is relatively scarce.",
"Associations between depressive symptoms, depressive risk and resilience (i.e., dependency, self-critici... | Patients self-criticism should be targeted in psychotherapy and might serve as an obstacle for successful inpatient treatment. The role of self-derogation in eating disorders should be examined further. | yes |
18,572,121 | Does phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography pilot result in the breast? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to investigate the utility of phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT) for differentiation of malignant and benign breast masses in humans and to compare PCDOT with conventional diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for analysis of breast masses in humans.",
"Thirty-five breast ... | Refractive index is a new parameter for optical imaging that may be helpful in differentiating between malignant and benign masses in the breast. | yes |
18,549,478 | Are the highest-copy repeats methylated in the small genome of the early divergent vascular plant Selaginella moellendorffii? | {
"contexts": [
"The lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii is a vascular plant that diverged from the fern/seed plant lineage at least 400 million years ago. Although genomic information for S. moellendorffii is starting to be produced, little is known about basic aspects of its molecular biology. In order to prov... | Our results shed light on the genome methylation pattern in a member of a relatively unexplored plant lineage. The DNA methylation data reported here will help understanding the involvement of this epigenetic mark in fundamental biological processes, as well as the evolutionary aspects of epigenetics in land plants. | yes |
18,549,473 | Do complex molecular mechanisms cooperate to mediate histone deacetylase inhibitors anti-tumour activity in neuroblastoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a new class of promising anti-tumour agent inhibiting cell proliferation and survival in tumour cells with very low toxicity toward normal cells. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid tumour in children still associated with poor outcome in ... | HDACi are therefore interesting new anti-tumour agents for targeting highly malignant tumours such as NB, as these agents display a strong toxicity toward aggressive NB cells and they may possibly reduce angiogenesis by decreasing VEGF production by NB cells. | yes |
18,549,471 | Does loss of the N-terminal domain of chlorophyllide a oxygenase induce photodamage during greening of Arabidopsis seedlings? | {
"contexts": [
"Chlorophyll b is a major photosynthetic pigment in green plants that is synthesized by chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO). The regulation of chlorophyll b biosynthesis is an important determinant for the antenna size of photosystems. Chlorophyll b synthesis is partly regulated on a transcriptional ... | The A domain of CAO regulates the level of CAO, and thus prevents the excess accumulation of chlorophyll b. This function of the A domain is especially important during the greening stage of etiolated seedlings. At this stage, the plants are vulnerable to photodamages which could be caused by excessive chlorophyll b ac... | yes |
18,570,011 | Does the quality of electronic patient records in Finnish primary healthcare need to be improved? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyse the technical quality of electronic patient records in relation to legislation and to evaluate their quality associated with the quality of consultations as rated by patients and GPs.",
"Cross-sectional study of electronic patient records.",
"Four primary healthcare (PHC) centr... | Finnish patient records are inadequate documents of consultations and below the standard of that country's legislation. Developing better models of recording would guarantee a higher quality of work. | yes |
18,572,086 | Does recombinant human epidermal growth factor accelerate recovery of mouse small intestinal mucosa after radiation damage? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether systemically administered recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) accelerates the recovery of mouse small intestinal mucosa after irradiation.",
"A mouse mucosal damage model was established by administering radiation to male BALB/c mice with a single dose of 15... | Systemic administration of rhEGF accelerates recovery from mucosal damage induced by irradiation. We suggest that rhEGF treatment shows promise for the reduction of small intestinal damage after irradiation. | yes |
18,558,204 | Is heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene disruption associated with delayed intestinal restitution , impaired angiogenesis , and poor survival after intestinal ischemia in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"We have demonstrated that administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protects the intestines from injury. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of HB-EGF gene disruption on intestinal restitution, angiogenesis, and long-term survival af... | Endogenous HB-EGF significantly enhances healing by restitution, prolongs survival, and enhances angiogenesis in mice subjected to intestinal I/R injury. These findings support our hypothesis that HB-EGF administration may improve outcome in patients with intestinal I/R injury, including necrotizing enterocolitis. | yes |
18,560,531 | Does developmental exposure to perchlorate alter synaptic transmission in hippocampus of the adult rat? | {
"contexts": [
"Perchlorate is an environmental contaminant that blocks iodine uptake into the thyroid gland and reduces thyroid hormones. This action of perchlorate raises significant concern over its effects on brain development.",
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate neurologic function in rats afte... | Dose-dependent deficits in hippocampal synaptic function were detectable with relatively minor perturbations of the thyroid axis, indicative of an irreversible impairment in synaptic transmission in response to developmental exposure to perchlorate. | yes |
18,560,537 | Does fluticasone propionate protect against ozone-induced airway inflammation and modified immune cell activation markers in healthy volunteers? | {
"contexts": [
"Ozone exposure induces airway neutrophilia and modifies innate immune monocytic cell-surface phenotypes in healthy individuals. High-dose inhaled corticosteroids can reduce O(3)-induced airway inflammation, but their effect on innate immune activation is unknown.",
"We used a human O(3) inhal... | This study confirmed and extended data demonstrating the protective effect of FP against O(3)-induced airway inflammation and immune cell activation. | yes |
18,554,412 | Do neo-sex chromosomes in the black muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes? | {
"contexts": [
"The regular mammalian X and Y chromosomes diverged from each other at least 166 to 148 million years ago, leaving few traces of their early evolution, including degeneration of the Y chromosome and evolution of dosage compensation.",
"We studied the intriguing case of black muntjac, in which ... | The nascent neo-sex chromosome system of black muntjacs is a valuable model in which to study the evolution of sex chromosomes in mammals. Our results illustrate the degeneration scenarios in various genomic regions. Of particular importance, we report--for the first time--that regulatory mutations were probably able t... | yes |
18,552,169 | Do human papillomaviruses play an aetiological role in Müllerian adenosarcomas of the uterine cervix? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play a role in the histogenesis of adenosarcomas of the uterine cervix.",
"Nine archival cases of primary cervical adenosarcoma were studied. The HPV status of the nine histologically proven tumours was investigated by non-isotopic in situ hybridi... | HPVs do not appear to play an aetiological role in cervical adenosarcomas. This suggests that a different histogenetic pathway for this rare tumour type must exist. | no |
18,561,948 | Is elevated Fas expression related to increased apoptosis of circulating CD8+ T cell in patients with gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Extensive apoptosis of immune cells occurs in patients with cancer, and is possibly related to immune evasion by cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between apoptosis levels and Fas expression in CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with gastric cancer.",
"Th... | The data indicate that up-regulation of Fas expression in CD8+ T cells is related to increased apoptosis of circulating CD8+ T cells in patients with gastric cancer. Further investigations into the detailed mechanism of apoptosis induction in Fas-positive CD8+ T cells are urgently required. | yes |
18,570,123 | Is severe preeclampsia characterized by increased placental expression of galectin-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Galectin-1 is a major anti-inflammatory protein expressed by the placenta and immune cells that can bias the character of inflammatory responses toward the Th2 type. Galectin-1 is expressed in immune privileged sites, it can facilitate immune tolerance and tumor immune escape, and it has been suc... | (1) We report for the first time the placental expression and localization of galectin-1 mRNA and demonstrate that the protein is abundantly present in third trimester human placentas. (2) Placental galectin-1 expression is higher in severe PE than in normal pregnancy regardless of the presence of SGA. (3) However, it ... | yes |
18,554,599 | Is polycystic ovary syndrome associated with elevated plasma soluble CD40 ligand , a marker of coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the level of plasma soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).",
"Prospective study.",
"Baskent University School of Medicine in Turkey.",
"Thirty-one patients with PCOS and 31 non-PCOS (control) patients.",
"Determination of plasm... | Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated levels of sCD40L and homocysteine. | yes |
18,565,153 | Do peptidergic agonists of activity-dependent neurotrophic factor protect against prenatal alcohol-induced neural tube defects and serotonin neuron loss? | {
"contexts": [
"Prenatal alcohol exposure via maternal liquid diet consumption by C57BL/6 (B6) mice causes conspicuous midline neural tube deficit (dysraphia) and disruption of genesis and development of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the raphe nuclei, together with brain growth retardation. The current study teste... | These findings further support the potential usefulness of these peptides for therapeutic interventions in pregnancies at risk for alcohol-induced developmental deficits. Notably, the ascending 5-HT projections of the rostral raphe have profound effects in regulating forebrain development and function, and the descendi... | yes |
18,565,881 | Is eRCC5 a novel biomarker of ovarian cancer prognosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify a biomarker of ovarian cancer response to chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study: participants had epithelial ovarian cancer treated with surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. DNA and RNA were isolated from frozen tumors and normal DNA was isolated from matched peripheral... | ERCC5 is a novel biomarker of ovarian cancer prognosis and a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer response to platinum chemotherapy. | yes |
18,565,889 | Do cRHR1 polymorphisms predict bone density in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Corticosteroids are a critical component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but are associated with late effects, such as osteoporosis. Risk factors remain poorly defined. Because CRHR1 polymorphisms have been associated with other corticosteroid effects, our goal was to define whe... | CRHR1 polymorphisms may impact the risk of bone density deficits in patients treated with corticosteroids and antimetabolites in a sex-specific manner. | yes |
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