pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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18,564,130 | Does peroperative transrectal ultrasonography-guided bladder neck dissection ease the learning of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the role of peroperative transrectal ultrasonography (peTRUS) for the dissection of the bladder neck during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).",
"Integrated peTRUS in the da Vinci S system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was used for bladder neck identificatio... | peTRUS during RALP decreased the positive surgical margin rate at the base of the prostate during the initial experience of RALP. | yes |
18,572,230 | Do several distinct properties of the IgE repertoire determine effector cell degranulation in response to allergen challenge? | {
"contexts": [
"On cross-linking of receptor-bound IgE antibodies by allergens, effector cells (basophils and mast cells) involved in type I allergic reactions degranulate and release the potent chemical mediators stored inside their granules. Total and allergen-specific IgE concentrations, IgE affinity for alle... | This study demonstrates how distinct properties of the IgE repertoire, such as total and allergen-specific IgE antibody concentration, IgE affinity, and IgE clonality, affect effector cell degranulation. | yes |
18,552,465 | Is insulin resistance the major determinant for microalbuminuria in severe hypertriglyceridemia : implication for high-risk stratification? | {
"contexts": [
"The significance of high triglyceride levels as a risk factor for coronary heart disease is uncertain. We hypothesized that oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and certain novel markers may help to identify high-risk patients.",
"We recruited 80 subjects with severe hypertriglyceridemia (age 2... | HOMA-IR is the major determinant for microalbuminuria in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Impaired glucose metabolism is evident in patients with both severe hypertriglyceridemia and microalbuminuria. | yes |
18,564,000 | Are fecal calprotectin concentrations higher in exclusively breastfed infants compared to those who are mixed-fed? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have shown that giving other foods while breastfeeding increases the risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. The mechanism is speculated to be increased inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.",
"In a prospective longitudinal stu... | Introducing complementary food does not increase intestinal inflammation according to this marker. Studies to assess fecal calprotectin levels in breastfeeding and mixed-fed infants born to HIV-infected mothers living in resource-constrained settings, and to evaluate potential protective effects of calprotectin in earl... | yes |
18,542,929 | Does epinephrine administration at birth prevent long-term changes in dopaminergic parameters caused by Cesarean section birth in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"Obstetric complications involving birth hypoxia are implicated in the etiology of disorders with dopaminergic dysfunction, such as schizophrenia. Cesarean section (C-section) birth in both humans and rats is associated with increased mild respiratory distress and with reduced levels of circulatin... | These results suggest that variations in levels of circulating catecholamines in the neonate at the time of birth could contribute to subtle long-term changes in CNS function. | yes |
18,542,920 | Are central venous to mixed venous blood oxygen and lactate gradients associated with outcome in critically ill patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Blood O(2) saturation and lactate concentration gradients from superior vena cava (SVC) to pulmonary artery (PA) occur in critically ill patients. These gradients (DeltaSO(2) and Delta[Lac]) may be positive or negative. We tested the hypothesis that positive DeltaSO(2) and Delta[Lac] are associat... | A strong association exists between positive DeltaSO(2) and Delta[Lac] and survival in critically ill patients. Whether therapy aimed at increasing DeltaSO(2) and Delta[Lac] results in improved ICU survival remains to be determined. | yes |
18,565,254 | Does anti-TNF-alpha therapy modulate resistin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we investigated whether anti-TNF-alpha antagonist-monoclonal antibody-infliximab administration alters circulating levels of resistin, a proinflammatory adi... | The present study shows that anti-TNF-alpha therapy results in a rapid reduction of serum resistin levels in patients with RA. It also confirms a close association between laboratory markers of inflammation, particularly CRP and resistin levels. These observations support a potential role of resistin in the inflammator... | yes |
18,565,255 | Does methotrexate selectively modulate TH1/TH2 balance in active rheumatoid arthritis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The mechanism by which low dose methotrexate (MTX, the gold standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is still debated. Lately, the MTX immunosuppressive effect has been related to apoptosis, especially in active RA pati... | Our data suggest that, in active RA patients, apoptosis induction by MTX may be primarily due to IL-10 production via modulation of oxidative stress, which may restore the critically important immune balance. These findings may contribute to determining which group of RA patients may better respond to MTX therapy. | yes |
18,565,252 | Is the differential expression of osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand ( RANKL ) in human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts an indicator of the metabolic state of these disease cells? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously reported that human OA subchondral bone osteoblasts could be discriminated into two subpopulations identified by their levels of endogenous production (low [L] or high [H]) of PGE(2). Here, we investigated the OPG and RANKL expression levels, the histologic analysis of the subchondr... | OPG and RANKL levels, and consequently the OPG/RANKL ratio, differed according to human OA subchondral bone osteoblast classification; it is decreased in L and increased in H OA. These findings, in addition to those showing that L OA osteoblasts have a reduced subchondral bone mass and induce a higher level of osteocla... | yes |
18,559,244 | Does [ Electroacupuncture protect the brain against acute ischemic injury via up-regulation of delta-opioid receptor in rats ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effect of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) in electroacupuncture (EA) protecting the brain against acute ischemic injury.",
"Fifty-one rats were randomly divided into sham ischemia group, ischemia group, sham EA group, EA group, and EA+DOR antagonist (naltrindole) group. Transient f... | EA can up-regulate DOR expression and protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | yes |
18,551,036 | Is disposition of ezetimibe influenced by polymorphisms of the hepatic uptake carrier OATP1B1? | {
"contexts": [
"Genetic variability in hepatic uptake was recently shown to influence the disposition and cholesterol-lowering effects of statins. Ezetimibe, an inhibitor of the intestinal cholesterol uptake protein Niemann-Pick C 1 like 1, is another drug for which genetic polymorphisms of hepatic organic anion... | Pharmacokinetics of ezetimibe is influenced by OATP1B1 polymorphisms in healthy participants after single dose administration. | yes |
18,551,039 | Is common variation in the NOS1AP gene associated with reduced glucose-lowering effect and with increased mortality in users of sulfonylurea? | {
"contexts": [
"The single nucleotide polymorphism rs10494366 in the nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene is associated with QTc prolongation, through an effect on the intracellular Ca levels. As sulfonylurea stimulate insulin secretion by an increased influx of Ca, we hypothesized that this pol... | In participants with the TG or GG genotype at rs10494366 in the NOS1AP gene, glibenclamide is less effective in reducing glucose levels and mortality rates were higher compared with glibenclamide users with the TT genotype. In tolbutamide and glimepiride users, the TG and GG genotype were associated with a reduced mort... | yes |
18,551,038 | Does altered expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase modify response to methotrexate in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Folates provide one-carbon units for nucleotide synthesis and methylation reactions. A common polymorphism (677C-->T) in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) encodes an enzyme with reduced activity. Response to the antifolate methotrexate (MTX) may be modified in 677TT individuals because ... | Underexpression and overexpression of Mthfr/MTHFR increase MTX-induced myelosuppression but have distinct effects on plasma homocysteine and nephrotoxicity. Pharmacogenetic analysis of polymorphisms in folate-dependent enzymes may be useful in optimization of MTX therapy. | yes |
18,559,082 | Does the HIV Tat protein affect processing of ribosomal RNA precursor? | {
"contexts": [
"Inside the cell, the HIV Tat protein is mainly found in the nucleus and nucleolus. The nucleolus, the site of ribosome biogenesis, is a highly organized, non-membrane-bound sub-compartment where proteins with a high affinity for nucleolar components are found. While it is well known that Tat accu... | Our data contribute to understanding the function of Tat in the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA synthesis and cell cycle control take place. The impairment of nucleolar pre-rRNA maturation through the interaction of Tat with fibrillarin-U3snoRNA complex suggests a process by which the virus modulates host response, thus... | yes |
18,558,398 | Are nondiagnostic thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies no longer a dilemma? | {
"contexts": [
"Nondiagnostic fine-needle aspiration biopsy (ND-FNAB) of the thyroid leads to unnecessary thyroidectomy. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the risk of malignancy in ND-FNABs, and (2) to evaluate factors that may identify patients at risk for a ND-FNAB.",
"A total of 241... | Most patients with a ND-FNAB have benign disease and low-risk patients with a ND-FNAB on repeat FNA warrant a more conservative approach. | yes |
18,565,283 | Does lentiviral vector-mediated siRNA knockdown of SR-PSOX inhibit foam cell formation in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the expression of scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX)/CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) in the human monocyte-derived cell line THP-1, and the effect of lentiviral vectors for the stable delivery of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 short hairpin RNA on ... | The above data showed that SRPSOX siRNA delivered by using lentiviral vectors in THP-1 cells was a powerful tool for studying the effect of SR-PSOX, and decreased the expression of the SRPSOX gene by inhibiting macrophage-derived foam cell formation. | yes |
18,565,281 | Does chronic angiotensin ( 1-7 ) injection accelerate STZ-induced diabetic renal injury? | {
"contexts": [
"The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in blood pressure control and body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. In the past few years, angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) has been reported to counteract the effects of Ang II and was even considered as a new therapeutical target in RAS. The pre... | Exogenous Ang (1-7) injection did not ameliorate STZinduced diabetic rat renal injury; on the contrary, it accelerated the progressive diabetic nephropathies. | yes |
18,565,287 | Do natural jasmonates of different structures suppress the growth of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and its mechanisms? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent evidence has indicated that members of natural jasmonates, a family of plant stress hormones, exhibit anticancer activity. The current study was undertaken to investigate the effects of jasmonates on the in vitro growth of human neuroblastomas, one of the most common solid tumors in childr... | Jasmonates suppress the growth of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y via inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, which lays the groundwork for further investigation into the anticancer activities and its mechanisms of natural jasmonates on human neuroblastomas. | yes |
18,558,197 | Does donor major histocompatibility complex class I expression determine the outcome of prenatal transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"The failure of in utero transplantation in immune-competent recipients suggests the existence of a fetal immune barrier. The importance of donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in the induction of prenatal tolerance remains undefined. We hypothesized that donor cell MHC ... | Donor class I MHC antigen expression is essential for stable long-term engraftment and maintenance of donor-specific tolerance. Further studies are needed to better characterize the role of the fetal innate immune system in prenatal allotransplantation. | yes |
18,573,120 | Does postoperative PTH measurement facilitate day 1 discharge after total thyroidectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"A new protocol for postoperative calcium management was developed with the aim of achieving an increase in the proportion of patients being safely discharged on the first postoperative day. We present our experience with the first 50 patients treated under this new protocol.",
"A cohort study... | The use of iPTH accurately predicts hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy and can be used to facilitate safe early discharge for patients. | yes |
18,550,262 | Do mouse neutrophils lacking lamin B-receptor expression exhibit aberrant development and lack critical functional responses? | {
"contexts": [
"The capacity of neutrophils to eradicate bacterial infections is dependent on normal development and activation of functional responses, which include chemotaxis and generation of oxygen radicals during the respiratory burst. A unique feature of the neutrophil is its highly lobulated nucleus, whi... | Our studies of promyelocytes that lack LBR expression have identified roles for LBR in regulating not only the morphologic maturation of the neutrophil nucleus, but also proliferative and functional responses that are critical to innate immunity. | yes |
18,565,828 | Does genetic variability in progranulin contribute to risk for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (PGRN) were identified in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitin-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions (FTLD-U). We assessed whether PGRN also contributes to genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) in an extended Belgian AD patient ... | Our data support a role for PGRN in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD). Further, we hypothesize that at least some PGRN missense mutations might lead to loss of functional protein. Whether the underlying pathology in our cases proves to be AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, or a combination o... | yes |
18,560,542 | Do perinatal androgens and adult behavior vary with nestling social system in siblicidal boobies? | {
"contexts": [
"Exposure to androgens early in development, while activating adaptive aggressive behavior, may also exert long-lasting effects on non-target components of phenotype. Here we compare these organizational effects of perinatal androgens in closely related Nazca (Sula granti) and blue-footed (S. nebo... | Our results indicate that Nazca boobies experience life-long consequences of androgenic preparation for an early battle to the death. | yes |
18,560,548 | Is free Brick1 a trimeric precursor in the assembly of a functional wave complex? | {
"contexts": [
"The Wave complex activates the Arp2/3 complex, inducing actin polymerization in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. The Wave complex is composed of five subunits, the smallest of which, Brick1/Hspc300 (Brk1), is the least characterized. We previously reported that, unlike the other subunits, Brk1 ... | Together these results establish that the free form of Brk1 is an essential precursor in the assembly of a functional Wave complex. | yes |
18,562,166 | Is the Brugada type 1 electrocardiographic pattern common among Filipinos? | {
"contexts": [
"To measure the prevalence of the Brugada type 1 ECG pattern in the general population in the Philippines. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: Sudden unexplained death syndrome is rare in the West but is common among Southeast Asians. Ventricular fibrillation is the terminal event. The Brugada type 1 electr... | The Brugada ECG pattern is common among Filipinos. There is a need to determine the risk of sudden death among individuals with this marker in the general population. | yes |
18,559,744 | Is early laparoscopic cholecystectomy the preferred management of acute cholecystitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) results in a shorter length of stay and acceptable conversion and complication rates when compared with antibiotic therapy plus interval LC or percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients admitted to a surgical service because of acute cholecystitis. However, a... | Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a significantly reduced length of stay, no major complications, and no significant difference in conversion rates when compared with initial antibiotic treatment and interval LC. Despite these advantages, early LC is not the most common treatment for acute cholecystitis in... | yes |
18,547,908 | Are higher plasma myeloperoxidase levels associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events in HIV-infected adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels are predictive of high cardiovascular (CV) risk in the general population. The value of MPO as a CV marker in the HIV population has not been investigated.",
"Medical records were reviewed to identify HIV+ patients with a documented CV event (myocardial i... | In contrast to the general population, higher MPO levels were not predictive of CV events in this study, underscoring the fact that pathways operative in HIV arteriopathy may be distinct from traditional CV disease pathogenesis. | no |
18,572,351 | Is the antithrombotic effect of dextran-40 in man due to enhanced fibrinolysis in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Dextran-40 is effective in reducing postoperative Doppler-detectable embolization in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Dextrans are thought to have antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects. The mode of action is unclear. In rats, dextran blocks uptake of tissue plasminogen activato... | These data are consistent with a rise in plasmin due to dextran blockade of tPA uptake in vivo, leading to enhanced fibrinolysis, cleavage of vWF and of the platelet protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) thrombin receptor. This suggests that dextran exerts a combined therapeutic effect, enhancing endogenous fibrinolysi... | yes |
18,573,428 | Does persistent N2 disease after induction therapy jeopardize early and medium term outcomes of pneumonectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Operative management of patients with persistent N2 disease after induction therapy is still debated.",
"One hundred fifty-three consecutive patients underwent pneumonectomy from January 1999 until July 2005; 28 patients (18.3%) had persistent N2 disease after induction therapy (group 1), 32 ... | Our results suggest that pneumonectomy is justified in patients with persistent N2 disease after induction chemotherapy. | no |
18,562,950 | Are objective hot flashes negatively related to verbal memory performance in midlife women? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that hot flashes specifically relate to verbal memory performance by examining the relationship between objective hot flashes and cognitive test performance in women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms.",
"In an observational study, 29 midlife women (mean age, 53... | Highly symptomatic women underreport the number of objective hot flashes that they experience by 43%. Verbal memory performance relates significantly to the objective number of hot flashes women experience but not to the number of hot flashes that they report. These findings suggest that physiological factors related t... | yes |
18,560,369 | Are serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to describe the relation of serum fatty acids and desaturase activity (DA) to overweight, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents.",
"The relations of % serum phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) fatty acids and ... | These findings support those observed in adults, that factors, such as type of dietary fat, physical activity, and obesity, may influence fatty acid metabolism and are important in the development of adverse CVD risk factors as early as adolescence. | yes |
18,559,637 | Is baseline serum cholesterol selectively associated with motor speed and not rates of cognitive decline : the Women 's Health and Aging Study II? | {
"contexts": [
"Although several studies have investigated the association between cholesterol and dementia, few have examined cholesterol and decline across cognitive domains. We examined serum total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total-to-HDL ratio, and trajectories across cognitive domains.",... | Higher baseline serum lipid levels predicted better performance over time on a measure of motor speed, but not memory or psychomotor or executive functioning in this population of elderly women. This association suggests that peripheral cholesterol levels, measured in late-life, may not be a good predictor of subsequen... | yes |
18,558,091 | Does constitutive CXCL12 expression induce anoikis in colorectal carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"CXCL12 and CXCR4 signaling plays critical roles in development, homeostasis, and tumor metastasis. Previously, we have shown that epigenetic silencing of CXCL12 in colorectal and mammary carcinomas promotes metastasis. Anoikis is an essential process of colonic epithelial turnover and limits the ... | These data significantly expand the current paradigm of chemokine signaling in carcinogenesis by showing that endogenous CXCL12, in marked contrast to exogenous ligand, inhibits tumor metastasis through increased anoikis. Altered ERK1/2 signaling provides a mechanism for the dichotomy between the physiologic and pathop... | yes |
18,560,567 | Do formin 1-isoform IV deficient cells exhibit defects in cell spreading and focal adhesion formation? | {
"contexts": [
"Regulation of the cytoskeleton is a central feature of cell migration. The formin family of proteins controls the rate of actin nucleation at its barbed end. Thus, formins are predicted to contribute to several important cell processes such as locomotion, membrane ruffling, vesicle endocytosis, a... | It was determined that Fmn1-IV, as an actin nucleator, contributes to protrusion of the cell's leading edge and focal adhesion formation, thus contributing to cell motility. | yes |
18,573,676 | Does voxel-based morphometry reveal extra-nigral atrophy patterns associated with dopamine refractory cognitive and motor impairment in parkinsonism? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine overall patterns of brain atrophy associated with memory, executive function (EF) and dopamine non-responsive motor measures in older parkinsonian patients.",
"Forty-three older PD patients (>or=65 years) and matched controls underwent a neurological examination (Unified Parkinso... | Cortical and striatal atrophy were associated with dopamine non-responsive motor signs and cognitive impairment and provide a morphologic correlate for progression of PD. Cerebellar atrophy was found in older PD patients. | yes |
18,572,865 | Does [ Over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha increase angiogenesis of LNCaP cells in vivo ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe the influence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) on angiogenesis in prostate carcinoma in vivo and to investigate its molecular mechanism.",
"LNCaP/HIF-1alpha and LNCaP cells were cultured, the level of PSA in the supernatant of the culture medium detected by ELISA as... | The over-expression of HIF-1alpha can up-regulate VEGF and iNOS involved in angiogenesis in vivo and contribute to the invasive potency of LNCaP cells. HIF-1alpha may have no influence on Ang-2 either in vitro or in vivo, while the expression of Ang-2 is regulated by other factors in vivo. | yes |
18,544,621 | Does the T cell factor/beta-catenin antagonist PKF115-584 inhibit proliferation of adrenocortical carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations of the beta-catenin (CTNNB1) gene are frequently found in adrenocortical tumors. This has important consequences to deregulate the expression of transcriptional targets of the Wnt pathway, which may contribute to tumorigenesis.",
"The objective of the study was to investigate the ef... | Inhibitors of the Tcf/beta-catenin complex may prove useful in the treatment of adrenocortical tumors in which multiple genetic alterations have accumulated. | yes |
18,568,197 | Does detection of hyaluronic acid receptor in human vocal fold by immunohistochemistry? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyaluronic acid receptor is a glycoprotein of the plasmatic membrane, and the CD44 is its representative, expressed in many cell types where it has the task of cell adhesion.",
"the goal of the present experimental study is to investigate the possibility of using immunohistochemistry to ident... | immunohistochemistry, used to assess the distribution of hyaluronic acid receptors in the central portion of the vocal fold, proved it to be present in the vocal fold epithelium and it prevailed in its middle third. | yes |
18,570,934 | Are sophorolipids and their derivatives lethal against human pancreatic cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously demonstrated that sophorolipids, a class of easily chemoenzymatically modifiable glycolipids, possess anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Since glycolipids have been shown to have anticancer activity, we investigated the effects of sophorolipids and their derivative... | These results suggest that sophorolipids and select derivatives may be effective in treating human pancreatic cancer. Furthermore select derivatives may use different mechanisms toward this end. The ability to chemoenzymatically modify sophorolipids can provide effective lead compounds toward the treatment of pancreati... | yes |
18,570,930 | Are homeobox genes Hoxd3 and Hoxd8 differentially expressed in fetal mouse excisional wounds? | {
"contexts": [
"Cell signaling pathways underlying wound repair are under extensive investigation; however, there is still a poor understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating these processes. Hox genes, which are a subgroup of homeobox genes, encode for a family of transcription factors that play a critical rol... | These data suggest that Hoxd3 is constitutively expressed in the skin of mid-gestational mice. However, Hoxd8 expression is increased in the mid-gestational wounds compared with normal control groups and late gestational wounds, suggesting that it may play a role in scarless wound repair. | yes |
18,548,919 | Does type 2 diabetes impair implant osseointegration capacity in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (adult-onset non-insulin-dependent), which is the most common form of diabetes in humans, on osseointegration capacity has not been addressed in an appropriate animal model. This study histologically and histomorphometrically examines bone healing around tit... | Type 2 diabetes mellitus impaired osseointegration capacity disproportionally between the cortical bone and bone marrow areas. The reduction of the bone quantity in the cortical area and the bone-implant contact in both the cortical and marrow areas was remarkable. | yes |
18,552,872 | Is emodin a novel alkaline nuclease inhibitor that suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 yields in cell cultures? | {
"contexts": [
"Most antiviral therapies directed against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are limited to a small group of nucleoside analogues that target the viral polymerase. Extensive clinical use of these drugs has led to the emergence of resistant viral strains, mainly in immunocompromised patients. T... | Our findings suggest that emodin is a potent anti-HSV agent that inhibits the yields of HSV-1 via the suppression of a novel target, UL12. | yes |
18,552,876 | Do low concentrations of tetrodotoxin interact with tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels? | {
"contexts": [
"Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is used to distinguish between two classes of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)--TTX sensitive (TTXS) and TTX resistant (TTXR). The resistance of TTXR VGSCs is thought to result from a low binding affinity of TTX, although at high TTX concentrations channel block does occur. ... | The findings are consistent with an interpretation that TTX relieves a tonic block of the TTXR VGSC by lanthanum. We conclude that TTX binds to the TTXR VGSC at low concentrations, without blocking it. This appears to be the first demonstration of a clear distinction between binding affinity and blocking potency of a c... | yes |
18,552,877 | Do vitamin D and glucocorticoids differentially modulate chemokine expression in human airway smooth muscle cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Chemokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma and facilitate the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the airways. Evidence now suggests that airway smooth muscle (ASM) may serve as a source of chemokines in inflamed airways. Although vitamin D has potent anti-inflammatory propert... | These findings suggest that vitamin D uniquely modulates human ASM expression of chemokines and may exert some beneficial effects in the treatment of steroid-resistant patients with asthma. | yes |
18,567,558 | Is survival status of veterans with lung cancer poorer than that among civilians due to age and sex differences : a study of Chinese veterans in Taiwan? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to analyze and compare the clinical characteristics and survival difference among veterans and civilians in Taiwan with lung cancer, especially non-small-cell lung cancer, and to determine whether or not veterans have a poorer prognosis than civilians.",
"We retrospe... | Veterans, who mainly came from China, had a poorer prognosis than civilians when suffering from lung cancer in Taiwan, due to age and gender, rather than standing. | yes |
18,572,757 | Do antiviral resistance mutations potentiate hepatitis B virus immune evasion through disruption of its surface antigen a determinant? | {
"contexts": [
"The hepatitis B virus (HBV) pol gene overlaps the S gene encoding surface antigen (HBsAg). It has been reported previously that drug-induced changes in HBsAg alter its binding to sera from humans immunized against HBV. We investigate here the changes to specific epitopes in the a determinant (the... | Mutations associated with resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy, singly or in combination with each other or antibody escape-associated mutations, alter HBsAg immunoreactivity through concomitant amino acid substitutions at codons within and downstream of the a determinant. The findings have implications for und... | yes |
18,558,092 | Does transcription factor foxq1 control mucin gene expression and granule content in mouse stomach surface mucous cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The gastric mucosa provides a stringent epithelial barrier and produces acid and enzymes that initiate digestion. In this regenerating tissue, progenitors differentiate continually into 4 principal specialized cell types, yet underlying mechanisms of differentiation are poorly understood. We iden... | Taken together, these observations imply that promotion of gastric MUC5AC synthesis is a primary, cell-autonomous function of FOXQ1. This study is the first to implicate a transcription factor in terminal differentiation of foveolar cells and begins to define the requirements to assemble highly specialized organelles a... | yes |
18,556,963 | Does growth hormone ( GH ) treatment restore endothelial function in children with GH deficiency? | {
"contexts": [
"In adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD), GH treatment restores impaired endothelial function, a precursor of cardiovascular disease. Its effect in children with GHD is unknown.",
"Three months of GH (0.3 mg/kg/wk) were given to nine children with GHD. Endothelial function was meas... | These results indicate that endothelial function is impaired in children with GHD. GH therapy does not restore the impairment. | no |
18,556,142 | Is dose escalation of gemcitabine possible with concurrent chest three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional radiotherapy : a phase I trial in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine in a Phase I study the maximum tolerated dose of weekly gemcitabine concurrent with radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as the relationship between the volume of the esophagus irradiated and severe esophagitis.",
"Twenty-one patients with ... | We could not escalate the dose of gemcitabine with concurrent radiotherapy when using 2D planning because of severe acute esophagitis. However, we could escalate the dose of gemcitabine to 190 mg/m(2)/wk when using 3D planning. The Phase II dose is 150 mg/m(2)/wk. Three-dimensional CRT permitted the use of higher doses... | yes |
18,556,146 | Do impulsive suicide attempts predict post-treatment relapse in alcohol-dependent patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study was designed to examine the influence of suicidality on relapse in alcohol-dependent patients. Specifically, a lifetime suicide attempt at baseline was used to predict relapse in the year after treatment. Also, the unique contribution of impulsive suicide attempts was examined."... | This study is the first to document the relationship between pre-treatment impulsive suicide attempts and higher likelihood of post-treatment relapse in alcohol-dependent patents. Clinicians should routinely conduct an assessment for previous suicide attempts in patients with alcohol use disorders, and when impulsive s... | yes |
18,565,284 | Does tetrahydrocurcumin inhibit HT1080 cell migration and invasion via downregulation of MMPs and uPA? | {
"contexts": [
"Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is an active metabolite of curcumin. It has been reported to have similar pharmacological activity to curcumin. The proteases that participate in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are involved in cancer cell metastasis. The present study investigates the effect of an... | Our findings revealed that THC reduced HT1080 cell invasion and migration. The inhibition of cancer cell invasion is associated with the downregulation of ECM degradation enzymes and the inhibition of cell adhesion to ECM proteins. | yes |
18,568,338 | Does the reversal of amphetamine-induced locomotor activation by a selective neurotensin-1 receptor agonist exhibit tolerance? | {
"contexts": [
"Neurotensin-1 (NT1) receptor agonists have been proposed as putative antipsychotic drugs. Recently, brain-penetrating NT analogs produced by stability-enhancing modification of the smallest NT fragment, NT(8-13), have demonstrated antipsychotic-like efficacy after acute systemic injection in seve... | The results do not support the development of tolerance for the acute antipsychotic-like effect of NT1 agonists and thus lend support to the contention that NT1 agonists are viable candidates as putative novel antipsychotic drugs. | no |
18,542,930 | Does acute tryptophan depletion dose dependently impair object memory in serotonin transporter knockout rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) transiently lowers central serotonin levels and can induce depressive mood states and cognitive defects. Previous studies have shown that ATD impairs object recognition in rats.",
"As individual differences exist in central serotonin neurotransmission, the imp... | These results indicate a greater sensitivity to ATD in SERT(-/-) and SERT(+/-) rats, which may be related to stronger central depletion effects in these rats. | yes |
18,563,787 | Are postoperative medical complications the main cause of early death after emergency surgery for colonic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Only a few small studies have evaluated risk factors related to early death following emergency surgery for colonic cancer. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for death within 30 days after such surgery.",
"Some 2157 patients who underwent emergency treatment for colonic cance... | Emergency surgery for colonic cancer is still associated with an increased risk of death. There is a need for a system providing increased safety in the perioperative period. | yes |
18,549,878 | Is functional restoration of HCV-specific CD8 T cells by PD-1 blockade defined by PD-1 expression and compartmentalization? | {
"contexts": [
"The immunoinhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) is up-regulated on dysfunctional virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic viral infections, and blockade of PD-1/PD-ligand (PD-L) interactions can restore their function. As hepatitis C virus (HCV) persists in the liver with immune-mediated... | HCV-specific CD8 T-cell dysfunction and responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L blockade are defined by their PD-1 expression and compartmentalization. These findings provide new and clinically relevant insight to differential antigen-specific CD8 T-cell exhaustion and their functional restoration. | yes |
18,549,879 | Does a green tea component suppress posttranslational expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Green tea catechins are known to have anticarcinogenic effects. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) accounts for almost 50% of the total catechin content in green tea extract and has very potent antioxidant effects. EGCG also inhibits angiogenesis, possibly through the inhibition of proangiogenic f... | The ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway contributes significantly to down-regulation of bFGF expression by EGCG. Catechin compounds have fewer adverse effects than chemotherapeutic agents and hence can be used as proof-of-concept in cancer therapeutics to suppress growth and metastasis by targeting proteins such a... | yes |
18,549,877 | Are neither multiple tumors nor portal hypertension surgical contraindications for hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The surgical indications for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and for HCC with portal hypertension (PHT) remain controversial.",
"We reviewed 434 patients who had undergone an initial resection for HCC and divided them into a multiple (n = 126) or single (n = 308) group according to ... | Resection can provide survival benefits even for patients with multiple tumors in a background of Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis, as well as in those with PHT. | yes |
18,559,571 | Is better life expectancy in women with BRCA2 compared with BRCA1 mutations attributable to lower frequency and later onset of ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"No formal assessment of life expectancy in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in these genes has been reported previously. We have evaluated life expectancy using actuarial analysis and assessed the effect of breast and ovarian cancers on premature death in >1,000 BRCA1/2 carriers.",
"Famil... | Interventions to reduce ovarian cancer incidence are likely to have a greater effect on life expectancy in BRCA1 compared with BRCA2 carriers. | yes |
18,544,144 | Does ultrasound-guided supraclavicular vs infraclavicular brachial plexus block in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks are not common in children because of risk of pneumothorax. However, infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks have been described in paediatric patients both with nerve stimulation and ultrasound (US)-guidance. US-guidance reduces the risk of complications in ... | (i) Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular and infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks are effective in children. (ii) There has been no pneumothorax in 40 US-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks performed by anaesthesiologists already trained in US-guided regional anaesthesia using an IP technique in children > or ... | yes |
18,564,283 | Does a histopathologic study of arthropod bite reactions in 20 patients highlight relevant adnexal involvement? | {
"contexts": [
"Insect bites produce diverse skin reactions. Although quite common, the histopathologic features of arthropod assaults have not ever been studied systemically.",
"Twenty biopsies from cases, clinically diagnosed as arthropod bite reactions between January 2003 and June 2007 were reviewed retr... | A practical histopathologic algorithm of arthropod bite recognition is proposed. The involvement of the sweat glands in the pattern of arthropod bite reaction is suggested as a new reliable diagnostic clue. | yes |
18,566,467 | Do amyloid-beta deposits lead to retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the temporal and spatial expression patterns of amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloid-beta deposits, inflammatory chemokines, and apoptosis in the retina of a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD).",
"Retinas of transgenic mice harboring a mutant presenilin (PS1) and a mutant AP... | Amyloid-beta deposits accumulate with age in the retina of a transgenic mouse model of AD. The amyloid-beta loads are accompanied by increased immunoreactivity for MCP-1, F4/80, and TUNEL-positive profiles in the RGC layer. The results suggest that amyloid-beta causes neurodegeneration in the retina of the doubly mutan... | yes |
18,558,628 | Does high-mobility group box 1 restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction in transgenic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein and is released from necrotic cells, inducing inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis. To test the hypothesis that HMGB1 enhances angiogenesis and restores cardiac function after myocardial infarction (... | We report the first in vivo evidence that HMGB1 enhances angiogenesis, restores cardiac function, and improves survival after MI. These results may provide a novel therapeutic approach for left ventricular dysfunction after MI. | yes |
18,568,139 | Does the culture site of the gallbladder affect recovery of bacteria in symptomatic cholelithiasis? | {
"contexts": [
"Traditional methods for bile culturing may miss a large number of underlying bacterial infections that could lead to acute or chronic cholecystitis.",
"to evaluate possible differences regarding the site of material collection and thus to detect the most suitable sample site for gallbladder c... | The neck of the gallbladder hosts the biggest bacterial load in comparison with the body and the fundus. This difference might be attributed to the presence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, which is the main histological characteristic of the region. | yes |
18,558,183 | Does laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary dyskinesia in children provide durable symptom relief? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children with biliary dyskinesia.",
"Reports of children with an abnormal cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated HIDA scan between January 2001 and July 2006 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy we... | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is effective in providing both short-term and long-term improvement of symptoms in children with biliary dyskinesia. | yes |
18,554,706 | Does surfactant protein D inhibit TNF-alpha production by macrophages and dendritic cells in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Surfactant protein (SP) D shares target cells with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, an important autocrine stimulator of dendritic cells and macrophages in the airways.",
"We sought to study the mechanisms by which TNF-alpha and SP-D can affect cellular components of the pulmonary inna... | TNF-alpha can contribute to enhanced SP-D production in the lung indirectly through inducing IL-13. SP-D, on the other hand, can antagonize the proinflammatory effects of TNF-alpha on macrophages and dendritic cells, at least partly, by inhibiting production of this cytokine. | yes |
18,573,482 | Is age-related renal disease in female Dahl salt-sensitive rats attenuated with 17 beta-estradiol supplementation by modulating nitric oxide synthase expression? | {
"contexts": [
"The incidence of chronic renal disease in women increases with aging, especially after menopause, suggesting that loss of sex hormones may contribute to the development and progression of renal disease. However, the mechanisms by which sex hormones, particularly estrogens, contribute to the disea... | These data suggest that ovarian E2 loss with aging may contribute to the development of age-related renal disease through downregulation of iNOS and eNOS protein abundance and increased renal inflammation in this animal model. Furthermore, E2 supplementation may be protective in the aging kidney by attenuating these ch... | yes |
18,555,976 | Do saliva indices track hypohydration during 48h of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restriction? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (UFR) and osmolality (Sosm) track changes in hydration status during 48h of restricted fluid intake (RF) or combined fluid and energy restriction (RF+RE). Following the 48h periods, UFR and Sosm were assessed after acute exercise dehydrat... | Sosm, and to a lesser extent UFR, track hydration status during a 48h period of RF or RF+RE and after subsequent exercise and rehydration. | yes |
18,560,454 | Does [ Hepatitis B surface antigen terminate codon bias selection ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the existence condition of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) termination codon bias.",
"A total of 174 reference sequences of all kinds of Hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotypes were chosen from GenBank, and compared by BioEdit. Then secondary structure of RNA was constructed and an... | HBsAg termination codon bias exists and may be related to RNA structure and the conservation of protein function in the evolutionary progress. | yes |
18,564,254 | Do autogenous osteochondral grafting for treatment of stifle osteochondrosis in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"To develop and assess clinical outcomes for osteochondral autografting for treatment of stifle osteochondrosis (OC) in dogs.",
"Retrospective case series.",
"Dogs with stifle OC (n=10).",
"Osteochondral autografting was developed and optimized in canine cadavers and purpose-bred resea... | Osteochondral autografting deserves consideration and further evaluation as a primary treatment option for stifle OC in dogs. | yes |
18,560,559 | Does directed evolution generate a novel oncolytic virus for the treatment of colon cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Viral-mediated oncolysis is a novel cancer therapeutic approach with the potential to be more effective and less toxic than current therapies due to the agents selective growth and amplification in tumor cells. To date, these agents have been highly safe in patients but have generally fallen shor... | Using the "Directed Evolution" methodology, we have generated ColoAd1, a novel chimeric oncolytic virus. In vitro, this virus demonstrated a >2 log increase in both potency and selectivity when compared to ONYX-015 on colon cancer cells. These results were further supported by in vivo and ex vivo studies. Furthermore, ... | yes |
18,551,562 | Do unilateral versus bilateral stage I neuromodulator lead placement for the treatment of refractory voiding dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if bilateral S3 lead placement during the stage I trial period improves the \"success\" rate for advancing to stage II (permanent) sacral neuromodulator placement.",
"A retrospective chart review of 124 (20 male and 104 female) patients undergoing stage I sacral neuromodulation (... | Bilateral stage I neuromodulation trial provides a significantly higher rate of improvement in refractory voiding symptoms to allow for the progress to stage II implantation. | yes |
18,552,031 | Do [ Guinea pig as often object to otoneurological experimental examinations ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this research was to describe nomograms of brainstem auditory evoked potentials, oscillating stimulation of the vestibular organs and ultrastructural research methodology of a spiral organ of guinea-pigs.",
"For the experimental purposes 60 guinea-pigs of both sexes, weight 250-300... | The processed nomograms of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials, oscillating stimulation of vestibular organs and methodology of ultrastructural research in guinea-pigs' spiral organs are expected to facilitate using them in experimental research. | yes |
18,556,938 | Do the efficacy of retrobulbar block anesthesia only in pars plana vitrectomy and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the adequacy of retrobulbar block anesthesia only in vitreoretinal surgery.",
"The study involved 90 patients, 25 who underwent 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and 65 who underwent 20-gauge standard pars plana vitrectomy. Twenty-five of the 90 patients also underw... | Vitreoretinal surgery, particularly 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy, can be safely and efficiently performed under retrobulbar block anesthesia only. Retrobulbar block anesthesia only could become a more acceptable anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery for selected patients. | yes |
18,552,133 | Does motion-frozen myocardial perfusion SPECT improve detection of coronary artery disease in obese patients? | {
"contexts": [
"In this study, we compared the diagnostic performance of the standard SPECT with motion-frozen (MF) myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) in obese patients.",
"A total of 90 consecutive obese patients (body mass index, 30.1-46.8, average, 34.3 +/- 3.6; age, 63 +/- 12 y; 30% women) underwent standa... | MF processing of MPS improves CAD detection in obese patients. | yes |
18,545,987 | Does a schizophrenia-linked mutation in PIP5K2A fail to activate neuronal M channels? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence for an association between phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase II alpha (PIP5K2A) and schizophrenia was recently obtained and replicated in several samples. PIP5K2A controls the function of KCNQ channels via phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) synthesis. Interestingly, rec... | Our results suggest that the schizophrenia-linked mutation of the kinase results in reduced KCNQ channel function and thereby might explain the loss of dopaminergic control in schizophrenic patients. Moreover, the addictive potential of dopaminergic drugs often observed in schizophrenic patients might be explained by t... | yes |
18,568,131 | Does overexpression of a mutant form of TGFBI/BIGH3 induce retinal degeneration in transgenic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite ubiquitous expression of the keratoepithelin (KE) protein encoded by the transforming growth factor beta induced/beta induced gene human clone 3 (TGFBI/BIGH3) gene, corneal dystrophies are restricted to the cornea, and no other tissues are affected. We investigated the role of TGFBI/BIGH3... | Cellular degeneration in the retina of transgenic animals suggest that perturbation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) family regulation may affect photoreceptor survival and may induce possible accelerated aging in several tissues. No corneal phenotype could be observed, probably due to the lack of trans... | yes |
18,563,791 | Is intermittent Pringle manoeuvre associated with adverse long-term prognosis after resection for colorectal liver metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"Intermittent clamping of the porta hepatis, or the intermittent Pringle manoeuvre (IPM), is often used to control inflow during parenchymal liver transection. The aim of this study was to determine whether IPM is associated with an adverse long-term outcome after liver resection for colorectal li... | IPM is not associated with an adverse long-term prognosis in patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM. | no |
18,554,641 | Are posterior urethral valves often associated with cryptorchidism and inguinal hernias? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the incidence of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernias in patients with posterior urethral valves, and compared characteristics in patients with and without cryptorchidism or inguinal hernia.",
"A total of 200 patients with posterior urethral valves treated between 1953 and 2003 we... | The incidence of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernias requiring surgery is high in patients with posterior urethral valves. Patients with cryptorchidism appear to have a more severe form of posterior urethral valves than those with normal testes. | yes |
18,545,685 | Is tamoxifen effective in the treatment of Leishmania amazonensis infections in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Chemotherapy is still a critical issue in the management of leishmaniasis. Until recently, pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B or pentamidine compounded the classical arsenal of treatment. All these drugs are toxic and have to be administered by the parenteral route. Tamoxifen has been used a... | Treatment of BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis for 15 days with tamoxifen resulted in significant decrease in lesion size and parasite burden. BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis represents a model of extreme susceptibility, and the striking and sustained reduction in the number of parasites in treated anim... | yes |
18,543,025 | Is thrombosis confined to the portal vein a contraindication for living donor liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a lack of agreement regarding preexisting portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We report the results of a single-center study to determine the impact of PVT on outcomes of adult LDLT recipients.",
"Of 133 cases of adult LDLT p... | A thrombosis confined to the portal vein per se should not be considered a contraindication for LDLT. | no |
18,557,830 | Do children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure demonstrate deficits on multiple measures of concept formation? | {
"contexts": [
"Children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure have documented impairments in executive functioning (EF). One component of EF, concept formation, has not been well studied in this group.",
"Children (8 to 18 years) with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure, with and without fetal alcoh... | Deficits in concept formation and conceptual set shifting were observed in alcohol-exposed children with or without the diagnosis of FAS and in the absence of mental retardation. These deficits likely impact problem solving skills and adaptive functioning and have implications for therapeutic interventions in this popu... | yes |
18,560,376 | Are escherichia coli colonizing the neurogenic bladder similar to widespread clones causing disease in patients with normal bladder function? | {
"contexts": [
"Clonal typing of neurogenic clones.",
"To determine whether neurogenic clones carried over weeks in the urine of asymptomatic children with neurogenic bladder were similar to known uropathogenic clones associated with disease.",
"Michigan State University; VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, ... | Children with neurogenic bladder most commonly carried commensal clones. Uropathogenic clones were associated with prolonged carriage, however, carriage was not associated with symptomatic disease or deterioration of the upper urinary tract. | yes |
18,559,622 | Does pTEN loss predict for response to RAD001 ( Everolimus ) in a glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft test panel? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling through disruption of PTEN function is common in glioblastoma multiforme, and these genetic changes are predicted to enhance sensitivity to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors such as RAD001 (everolimus).",
"To tes... | These data suggest that loss of PTEN function is insufficient to adequately predict responsiveness to mTOR inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme. | no |
18,559,621 | Is dNA-dependent protein kinase a therapeutic target and an indicator of poor prognosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"del(17p), del(11q), and associated p53 dysfunction predict for short survival and chemoresistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is activated by DNA damage and mediates DNA double-strand break repair. We hypothesized that inhibiting DNA-PK woul... | These data validate the concept of targeting DNA-PKcs in poor risk CLL, and demonstrate a mechanistic rationale for use of a DNA-PK inhibitor. The novel observation that DNA-PKcs is overexpressed in del(17p) and del(11q) cases indicates that DNA-PK may contribute to disease progression in CLL. | yes |
18,568,479 | Is childhood caries still in force : a 15-year follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine changes in caries prevalence among 3 to 15-year-old adolescents.",
"Of 1582 eligible mothers, 1443 gave informed consent. Participating children and their parents were followed up continuously from 3 to 15 years of age in a pre-planned fashion and at regular intervals. Data on dent... | Dental caries continues to constitute an increasing challenge in dental health care: any caries at 3, 5, 7, or 10 years of age was a predictor of poor dental health at 15 years of age. | yes |
18,572,870 | Does [ Longbixiao capsule reduce expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells cultured in vitro ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of the Chinese herbal medicine of Longbixiao (LBX) Capsule on the expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells cultured in vitro.",
"Blood serum medicated with LBX was incubated with the stromal cells isolated from men with benign prostat... | LBX reduces the mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells and can be used in the treatment of BPH. | yes |
18,545,662 | Does intestinal colonization of IL-2 deficient mice with non-colitogenic B. vulgatus prevent DC maturation and T-cell polarization? | {
"contexts": [
"IL-2 deficient (IL-2(-/-)) mice mono-colonized with E. coli mpk develop colitis whereas IL-2(-/-)-mice mono-colonized with B. vulgatus mpk do not and are even protected from E. coli mpk induced colitis.",
"We investigated if mono-colonization with E. coli mpk or B. vulgatus mpk differentially... | From this data we conclude that the B. vulgatus triggered IL-6 secretion by LP DC in absence of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 or TNF-alpha induces a semi-mature LP DC phenotype, which might prevent T-cell activation and thereby the induction of colitis in IL-2(-/-)-mice. The data provide new evidence that IL-... | yes |
18,556,623 | Does triiodo-L-thyronine rapidly stimulate alveolar fluid clearance in normal and hyperoxia-injured lungs? | {
"contexts": [
"Edema fluid resorption is critical for gas exchange and requires active epithelial ion transport by Na, K-ATPase and other ion transport proteins.",
"In this study, we sought to determine if alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is stimulated by 3,3',5 triiodo-L-thyronine (T(3)).",
"AFC was meas... | Airspace T(3) rapidly stimulates AFC by direct effects on the alveolar epithelium in rat lungs with and without lung injury. | yes |
18,570,928 | Does valproic acid induce Notch1 signaling in small cell lung cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy. Current treatments yield dismal survival rates. We have previously demonstrated that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can inhibit neuroendocrine tumor growth. Activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway also impairs SCLC cell viabilit... | The HDAC inhibitor VPA activates Notch1 signaling in SCLC cells. VPA induces changes in cell morphology and suppresses neuroendocrine tumor markers, indicating a change in phenotype. Additionally, VPA profoundly inhibits SCLC cell growth. These results suggest that VPA has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for SCL... | yes |
18,570,927 | Does ischemic preconditioning of skeletal muscle mitigate remote injury and mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) mitigates ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in experimental models. However, the clinical significance of this protection has been unclear and a mortality reduction has not been previously reported in noncardiac models. This study examined the local and remote prote... | We have developed a murine model of IPC that demonstrates local and remote protection against I/R injury, and exhibits significant mortality reduction. This model demonstrates the powerful effect of IPC on local and remote tissues and will facilitate further study of potential mechanisms and therapies. | yes |
18,560,547 | Is ammonium-acetate sensed by gustatory and olfactory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans? | {
"contexts": [
"Caenorhabditis elegans chemosensation has been successfully studied using behavioral assays that treat detection of volatile and water soluble chemicals as separate senses, analogous to smell and taste. However, considerable ambiguity has been associated with the attractive properties of the comp... | These findings clarify the behavioral response of C. elegans to NH(4)Ac. The results should have an impact on the design and interpretation of chemosensory experiments studying detection and adaptation to soluble compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. | yes |
18,559,659 | Does rapamycin monotherapy in patients with type 1 diabetes modify CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug currently used to prevent graft rejection in humans, which is considered permissive for tolerance induction. Rapamycin allows expansion of both murine and human naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells (nTregs), which are pivotal for the ... | These findings demonstrate that rapamycin directly affects human nTreg function in vivo, which consists of refitting their suppressive activity, whereas it does not directly change effector T-cell function. | yes |
18,567,547 | Does the RR genotype of codon 72 of p53 gene reduce the development of intestinal metaplasia? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations of p53 gene can contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Our aims were to evaluate the premalignant gastric intestinal metaplasia-related p53 alterations, using and comparing capillary sequencing and p53 resequencing chip in gastric biopsy and peripheral blood samples. Furthermo... | According to our results RR genotype decreases the incidence of IM. The genetic background is reflected in the expression of p53 protein. Chip method-based deoxyribonucleic acid sequence data need careful confirmation. | yes |
18,546,066 | Do factors for accessing a medical home vary among CSHCN from different levels of socioeconomic status? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this research study was to identify factors that are associated with receiving care in a medical home for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and to identify how these factors vary among different socioeconomic levels.",
"Data were obtained from the National Survey ... | Factors affecting access to a medical home differed among socioeconomic groups. Future research should explore the CSHCN population by income groups to better serve this population. | yes |
18,564,112 | Does 24-Hour colonic manometry in pediatric slow transit constipation show significant reductions in antegrade propagation? | {
"contexts": [
"The physiological basis of slow transit constipation (STC) in children remains poorly understood. We wished to examine pan-colonic motility in a group of children with severe chronic constipation refractory to conservative therapy.",
"We performed 24 h pan-colonic manometry in 18 children (13... | Prolonged pancolonic manometry in children with STC showed significant impairment in antegrade propagating motor activity and failure to respond to normal physiological stimuli. Despite this, HAPS occurred with normal frequency. These findings suggest significant clinical differences between STC in children and adults. | yes |
18,552,575 | Are hypokalemia and hypothermia associated with 30-day mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical predictors associated with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning have not been systematically studied.",
"To identify independent predictors of death in patients with acute PQ poisoning.",
"This is a retrospective study executed in the emergency department of a university hospital. One h... | The identified risk factors may allow better identification of those at greater mortality risk. Future development of a tailored clinical scoring system incorporating the identified risk factors for acute PQ poisoning may be of great help. | yes |
18,552,570 | Does partial adherence to antihypertensive therapy fail to achieve full cardiovascular benefits in hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Partial adherence to antihypertensive therapy remains a public health challenge and may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We quantitatively evaluated cardiovascular risk inherent in partial therapy adherence in spontaneously hypertensive rats with accelerated hypertension.",
"... | The results demonstrate that partial adherence to therapy reduces arterial pressure, but may not prevent target organ damage. If replicated in humans, these results may have important clinical implications in hypertensive patients. | yes |
18,571,985 | Does percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI prevent in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock compared to fibrinolysis? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been speculated that invasive revascularization prevents development of cardiogenic shock. Data from randomised trials comparing angioplasty with fibrinolysis on the development of cardiogenic shock are lacking.",
"To elucidate the effect of angioplasty on in-hospital development of ca... | Angioplasty does not prevent the in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock complicating acute MI compared to fibrinolysis. Cardiogenic shock is still the leading cause of death in patients hospitalised for acute MI. There was no difference in mortality, with regards to treatment strategy in patients developing cardi... | no |
18,571,988 | Are demographic , clinical , and pain characteristics associated with average pain severity groups in a sample of oncology outpatients? | {
"contexts": [
"Cut-points (CP) for pain severity are useful because they may help clinicians to identify patients with clinically significant pain. However, a need exists to evaluate whether different pain severity groups differ on selected demographic, clinical, and pain characteristics, as well as on factors ... | An average pain CP of >4 could be used to screen oncology outpatients with clinically significant pain. Clinicians must consider a number of demographic, clinical, and pain characteristics as part of their pain assessment procedures. The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions aimed at barriers and patients se... | yes |
18,559,352 | Does neostigmine but not sugammadex impair upper airway dilator muscle activity and breathing? | {
"contexts": [
"Cholinesterase inhibitor-based reversal agents, given in the absence of neuromuscular block, evoke a partial upper airway obstruction by decreasing skeletal upper airway muscle function. Sugammadex reverses neuromuscular block by encapsulating rocuronium. However, its effects on upper airway inte... | In contrast to neostigmine, which significantly impairs upper airway dilator muscle activity when given after recovery from neuromuscular block, a reversal dose of sugammadex given under the same conditions does not affect genioglossus muscle activity and normal breathing. Human studies will be required to evaluate the... | yes |
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