pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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19,564,306 | Does apolipoprotein E genotype modify the risk of behavior problems after infant cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal was to evaluate polymorphisms of the APOE gene as modifiers of neurobehavioral outcomes for preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects, after cardiac surgery.",
"A prospective observational study with neurodevelopmental evaluation between the fourth and fifth birthdays was... | For preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects requiring surgery, parental rating scales showed an increased prevalence of restricted behavior patterns, inattention, and impaired social interactions. The APOE epsilon2 allele was associated with increased behavior problems, impaired social interactions, and r... | yes |
19,549,246 | Is the adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein ( ZAG ) downregulated with fat mass expansion in obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a novel adipokine, which may act locally to influence adipocyte metabolism. This study assessed the effect of increased adiposity on ZAG expression in adipose tissue in human subjects. The study also examined the association between ZAG and adiponectin expression... | ZAG gene expression in adipose tissue is downregulated with increased adiposity and circulating insulin. ZAG mRNA is positively correlated with adiponectin mRNA, and ZAG enhances adiponectin production by human adipocytes. We suggest that ZAG is linked to obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance. | yes |
19,549,249 | Does short-term overt hypothyroidism induce sympathovagal imbalance in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Thyroid hormone impacts on the cardiovascular system. (Subclinical) hyperthyroidism results in sympathovagal imbalance due to decreased vagal tone. However, conflicting data have been reported on the effects of hypothyroidism on the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In hypothyroidis... | Acute short-term overt hypothyroidism results in sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic withdrawal, with preservation of the cardiovascular reflexes to (mental) stress. | yes |
19,568,431 | Is hIV-1 replication differentially regulated by distinct clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculosis (TB) is the largest cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, having claimed an estimated one third to one half of the 30 million AIDS deaths that have occurred worldwide. Different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb), the causative agent of TB,... | These results provide a precedent for TB strain-specific effects upon HIV-1 replication and thus for TB strain-specific pathogenesis in the outcome of HIV-1/TB co-infection. MTb strain-specific factors and mechanisms involved in the regulation of HIV-1 during co-infection will be of importance in understanding the basi... | yes |
19,545,972 | Does prevalence and correlate of mothers and fathers attending pretest cancer genetic counseling together? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prevalence of fathers' attendance at pretest cancer genetic counseling sessions with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 genetic testing for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) risk, and to identify psychosocial and other correlates of fathers' attendance.",
"One hundred and twent... | One in three fathers attend pretest cancer genetic counseling with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 testing; those who do have closer parenting relationships and are more informed about BRCA1/2 testing. | yes |
19,564,703 | Is branch segment occlusion with acute myocardial infarction a risk for left ventricular free wall rupture? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) whose culprit lesion lies in a branch of the 3 major coronary arteries have well-preserved cardiac function. A first MI with preserved cardiac function is a risk factor for left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR), so the aim of this study was to ... | The incidence of LVFWR was higher in group B and branch segment occlusion was identified as an independent predictor of LVFWR. | yes |
19,558,550 | Is subclinical onychomycosis associated with tinea pedis? | {
"contexts": [
"Onychomycosis is a common cause of nail dystrophy and may be associated with tinea pedis. The presence of dermatophyte fungi in clinically normal nails is unknown.",
"To assess the presence of dermatophyte fungi in normal-appearing toenails and to compare the risk of subclinical dermatophytos... | Dermatophyte fungi may be isolated from normal-appearing toenails. The presence of dermatophytes in this situation is strongly associated with the presence of tinea pedis. Subclinical dermatophyte in the nail plate may serve as a reservoir for ongoing local infection. | yes |
19,556,074 | Is loss of anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface associated with decreased elbow flexion? | {
"contexts": [
"The normal anterior translation of the articular surface of the distal humerus with respect to the humeral diaphysis facilitates elbow flexion. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and flexion after open reduction and inte... | Using a reproducible technique for measuring anterior translation of the distal humerus, there was a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and elbow flexion after ORIF. Although the weakness of the correlation emphasizes that limitation of elbow flexion after ORIF of a distal ... | yes |
19,558,694 | Do triangle network motifs predict complexes by complementing high-error interactomes with structural information? | {
"contexts": [
"A lot of high-throughput studies produce protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) with many errors and missing information. Even for genome-wide approaches, there is often a low overlap between PPINs produced by different studies. Second-level neighbors separated by two protein-protein intera... | Given high-error PPINs with missing information, triangles of mixed datatypes are a promising direction for finding protein complexes. Integrating PPINs with SDDIs improves finding complexes. Structural SDDIs partially explain the high functional similarity of second-level neighbors in PPINs. We estimate that relativel... | yes |
19,542,757 | Are abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are both associated with insulin resistance.We assessed whether NAFLD is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in PCOS women independently of age and total adiposity.",
"We enrolled 14 young PCOS women with ... | Abnormal serum ALT levels, as surrogate measure of NAFLD, are closely associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in young PCOS women in a manner that is independent from the contribution of age and total adiposity. Early recognition of NAFLD by radiological imaging tests in this group of young patients is warranted. | yes |
19,568,176 | Does adenosine-A1 receptors activation restore the suppressed cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is suppressed in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. The present study investigated the effect of 2-chloro-N-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), a selective adenosine-A1 receptor agonist, in hyperhomocysteinemia-ind... | It may be concluded that the activation of adenosine-A1 receptors using CCPA markedly restored the suppressed cardioprotective and infarct size-limiting effects of IPC in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. Thus, the reduced availability of extracellular adenosine and impaired activation of adenosine-A1 receptors may be r... | yes |
19,568,504 | Is male gender a risk factor for the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy : a single surgeon experience? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies regarding the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in men have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted this prospective study to test the hypothesis that the outcome of LC is worse in men than women.",
"Between 1997 and 2002, a total of 391 consecutive LCs were p... | Male gender is not an independent risk factor for satisfactory outcome of LC in the experience of a single surgeon. | no |
19,559,929 | Does platelet-derived growth factor expression correlate with tumor grade and proliferative activity in human oligodendrogliomas? | {
"contexts": [
"For the last one and a half decade, it has been found that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes glial tumor growth through autocrine and paracrine loops, by expression of PDGFalpha receptor (PDGFRalpha) on glioma cells and PDGFbeta receptor (PDGFRbeta) on proliferating endothelial cells... | The results of this study showed that MIB-1 LI is a rapid and cost-effective modality for predicting tumor grade in oligodendrogliomas. Immunohistochemistry for PDGF was found to be useful in differentiating various grades of oligodendroglioma, and therefore, it may be involved in tumor cell proliferation and malignant... | yes |
19,561,479 | Is survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy improved by extending resections to achieve negative margins? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to determine the survival benefit of extending resections to obtain microscopically negative margins after positive intraoperative frozen sections.",
"The impact of residual microscopic disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy is currently a point of controversy. It is,... | Survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy is not improved by extending pancreatic resections to achieve negative margins after initially positive intraoperative frozen sections. Tumor-specific factors beyond the presence of disease at a surgical margin are responsible for the abbreviated survival seen in patients undergoi... | no |
19,559,209 | Do novel biomarkers early predict the severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, and their combination in predicting the duration and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery in adults.",
"Using data from a prospective observational... | Immediately postoperatively, NGAL and cystatin C correlated with and were independent predictors of duration and severity of AKI and duration of intensive care stay after adult cardiac surgery. The combination of both renal biomarkers did not add predictive value. | yes |
19,559,207 | Does cardiac vagal stimulation eliminate detrimental tachycardia effects of dobutamine used for inotropic support? | {
"contexts": [
"Many patients require temporary inotropic support after cardiac surgery, and dobutamine is one of the commonly used drugs for this purpose. However, dobutamine infusion is frequently associated with unwanted sinus tachycardia. Selective sinus node electrical vagal stimulation through a discrete e... | Combining SNFP-VS with dobutamine could achieve hemodynamic improvement while avoiding sinus tachycardia in this dog model, suggesting that similar strategy may also be applied in patients. | yes |
19,567,540 | Does resistance training contribute to improving the metabolic profile after a 6-month weight loss program in overweight and obese postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"Limited data are available regarding the impact of caloric restriction (CR) in combination with resistance training (RT) on the metabolic profile of postmenopausal women.",
"The objective of the study was to determine whether RT adds to CR in improving body composition and the metabolic profi... | CR+RT was associated with greater losses in percent FM and trunk FM compared with CR alone. However, CR+RT was not associated with additional improvements in the metabolic profile compared with CR alone. | no |
19,554,429 | Does lactoferrin conjugated with 40-kDa branched poly ( ethylene glycol ) have an improved circulating half-life? | {
"contexts": [
"We developed a lactoferrin conjugate by modifying bovine lactoferrin (bLF) with a 40-kDa branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecule (designated 40 k-PEG-bLf), and we evaluated its in vitro activities and pharmacokinetic properties.",
"We prepared 40k-PEG-bLf by amino conjugation with N-hyd... | The 40k-PEG-bLf exhibited improved in vitro bioactivity and stability and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties as compared to those of the unmodified bLF and the 20 k-PEG-bLf conjugate, which was recently developed by PEGylation of bLF with a 20-kDa branched PEG [Nojima Y. et al. Bioconjugate Chem. 19:2253-2259 (2008)]. | yes |
19,553,032 | Do seed implant retention score predicts the risk of prolonged urinary retention after prostate brachytherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To risk-stratify patients for urinary retention after prostate brachytherapy according to a novel seed implant retention score (SIRS).",
"A total of 835 patients underwent transperineal prostate seed implant from March 1993 to January 2007; 197 patients had (125)I and 638 patients had (103)Pd... | The SIRS may identify patients who are at high risk for prolonged retention after prostate brachytherapy. A prospective validation study of the SIRS is planned. | yes |
19,546,096 | Does pulmonary vascular resistance predict early mortality in patients with diffuse fibrotic lung disease and suspected pulmonary hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with a poor prognosis in diffuse lung disease (DLD). A study was undertaken to compare the prognostic significance of invasive and non-invasive parameters in patients with DLD and suspected PH.",
"Hospital records of consecutive patients with DLD unde... | In severe DLD, early mortality is strongly linked to increased PVR but not to other RHC or non-invasive variables. These findings suggest that the threshold for RHC in severe DLD should be low, enabling prioritisation of aggressive treatment including lung transplantation. | yes |
19,539,617 | Are kLOTHO gene polymorphisms G-395A and C1818T associated with lipid and glucose metabolism , bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure in Japanese healthy subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the association of KLOTHO gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with various laboratory data in 476 Japanese healthy subjects.",
"The genotyping of G-395A in the promoter region and C1818T in exon 4 was performed using PCR with confronting 2-pair primers assay.",
"Mu... | KLOTHO gene SNPs G-395A and C1818T are associated with lipid metabolism in men, and glucose metabolism, bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure in women. | yes |
19,556,524 | Is cadmium a novel and independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis mechanisms and in vivo relevance? | {
"contexts": [
"Although cadmium (Cd) is an important and common environmental pollutant and has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, little is known about its effects in initial stages of atherosclerosis.",
"In the 195 young healthy women of the Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Female Youngsters (ARFY) st... | Our research suggests Cd has promoting effects on early human and murine atherosclerosis, which were partly offset by high Zn concentrations. | yes |
19,546,542 | Does normal magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging in lacunar infarcts predict a low risk of early deterioration? | {
"contexts": [
"Current clinical tools to identify lacunar infarct patients at risk of deterioration are inadequate, and imaging techniques to predict fluctuation and deterioration would be of value. We sought to determine the occurrence of MRI perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) abnormalities in lacunes, and wheth... | MR-PWI abnormalities are seen in two thirds of lacunar infarcts, and are associated with stroke rather than TIA. Normal PWI identifies patients at low risk of early clinical deterioration. | yes |
19,566,660 | Does calcitonin gene-related peptide modulate interleukin-13 in circulating cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Neuropeptides (NPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) by regulating immune responses and contributing to the cross-talk between the immune and nervous systems.",
"To assess the ability of NPs to influence interleukin (IL)-13 and interferon (IFN)-gamma pr... | Our results suggest an immunomodulatory role of CGRP towards a Th2 pattern in CLA+ T cells, which may contribute to exacerbating clinical symptoms in patients with AD. | yes |
19,549,730 | Is ketoacidosis at diabetes onset still frequent in children and adolescents : a multicenter analysis of 14,664 patients from 106 institutions? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed at analyzing the frequency, clinical characteristics, and trends associated with the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes on the basis of long-term follow-up data.",
"A total of 106 pediatric diabetes centers in Germany and Austria participated in... | Ketoacidosis occurring at diabetes onset continues to be a difficult problem. Our data show no significant change in the frequency and magnitude of DKA over the last 13 years. | yes |
19,568,816 | Does t cell infiltrate predict long-term survival following resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"While tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been shown to independently predict survival in primary colorectal cancer, the prognostic implications of TIL in resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) have not been previously defined. This study examines the correlation between TIL ... | CRCLM T cell number is an independent correlate of long-term survival following liver resection. We conclude that CRCLM TIL analysis represents a potentially powerful prognostic tool which will require further validation prior to broad application. | yes |
19,560,699 | Does the change in B-type natriuretic peptide levels over time predict significant rejection in cardiac transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) correlates with cardiac filling pressures and outcomes in patients with heart failure. In heart transplant recipients, we hypothesize that a within-individual change in BNP over time would be more helpful than absolute BNP in detecting International Society of Hea... | There is a strong, graded relationship between the within-individual increase in NT-proBNP and the odds of significant rejection independent of hemodynamic parameters. These results suggest that the change in NT-proBNP rather than absolute BNP levels may offer a non-invasive approach to detect rejection. | yes |
19,543,914 | Is overweight associated with improved cancer-specific survival in patients with organ-confined renal cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Overweight/obesity is known to increase the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, data on the prognostic impact of overweight in RCC is still conflicting. We assessed whether different body mass index (BMI) levels at the time of surgery had an effect on the long-term prognosis o... | We were able to identify overweight as an independent prognostic marker of improved tumor-specific survival in patients with organ-confined RCC. Basic research is required to resolve the dilemma of why, if a higher BMI predisposes to RCC, it concurrently prolongs survival after patients have undergone (partial) nephrec... | yes |
19,545,423 | Do gold nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in the alveolar type-II cell lines A549 and NCIH441? | {
"contexts": [
"During the last years engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively used in different technologies and consequently many questions have arisen about the risk and the impact on human health following exposure to nanoparticles. Nevertheless, at present knowledge about the cytotoxicity induce... | Our data suggest that the presence of contaminants, such as sodium citrate, on the surface of gold nanoparticles might play a pivotal role in inducing cytotoxicity in vitro, but does not influence the uptake of the particles in human ATII-like cell lines. | yes |
19,545,435 | Does losartan counteract the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"In streptozotocin-injected rats (STZ-rats), we previously demonstrated a role for angiotensin II (AT-II) in cardiac remodelling and insulin resistance partially counteracted by in vivo treatment with losartan, an AT-II receptor antagonist.We now aimed to investigate the effect of treating diabeti... | Aortas isolated from STZ-rats present hyper-contracture to AT-II mainly dependent on the up-regulation of ROCK1 expression/activity. In vivo losartan treatment partially corrects AT-II hyper-contracture, limiting the increase in ROCK1 expression/activity. These data offer a new molecular mechanism supporting the ration... | yes |
19,545,432 | Does in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal region specific metabolic responses to SIV infection in the macaque brain? | {
"contexts": [
"In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies of HIV-infected humans have demonstrated significant metabolic abnormalities that vary by brain region, but the causes are poorly understood. Metabolic changes in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and white matter in 18 SIV-infected ... | These data best support the hypothesis that different brain regions have variable intrinsic vulnerabilities to neuronal injury caused by the AIDS virus. | yes |
19,540,852 | Does hydrogen sulfide inhibit MPP ( + ) -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known cytotoxic gas. Recently it has been shown to protect neurons against oxidative stress caused by glutamate, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and beta-amyloid. The aim of the present study is to explore the cytoprotection of H2S against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium io... | H2S significantly protected PC12 cells against cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by MPP(+), which was associated with the inhibition by H(2)S of MPP(+)-induced dissipation of MMP and overproduction of ROS. These findings can significantly advance therapeutic approaches to the neurodegenerative diseases which are assoc... | yes |
19,549,310 | Are hepatitis C virus core , NS3 , NS4B and NS5A the major immunogenic proteins in humoral immunity in chronic HCV infection? | {
"contexts": [
"The viral genome of hepatitis C virus constitutes a 9.6-kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA which encodes altogether 11 viral proteins. In order to study the humoral immune responses against different HCV proteins in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection, we produced three structural (c... | The data shows significant variation in the specificity in humoral immunity in chronic HCV patients. | yes |
19,557,132 | Does high fat feeding induce hepatic fatty acid elongation in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"High-fat diets promote hepatic lipid accumulation. Paradoxically, these diets also induce lipogenic gene expression in rodent liver. Whether high expression of these genes actually results in an increased flux through the de novo lipogenic pathway in vivo has not been demonstrated.",
"To inte... | High-fat feeding induces hepatic fatty acid synthesis in mice, by chain elongation and subsequent desaturation rather than de novo synthesis, while VLDL-TG output remains unaffected. Suppression of lipogenic fluxes by fish oil prevents from high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. | yes |
19,541,686 | Does the spectrum of structural abnormalities on CT scan from patients with CF with severe advanced lung disease? | {
"contexts": [
"In cystic fibrosis (CF), lung disease is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the spectrum of structural abnormalities on CT scans from patients with CF with severe advanced lung disease (SALD). No specific CT scoring system for SALD is available.",
"To desi... | A CT scoring system was developed to characterise the structural abnormalities in patients with SALD. A wide spectrum was observed in SALD, ranging from predominantly air trapping to predominantly infection/inflammation-related changes. This spectrum may have clinical implications for patients with SALD. | yes |
19,563,248 | Do women with safety concerns report fewer gender-specific preventive healthcare services? | {
"contexts": [
"Violence and safety exposures, primarily in the form of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposures, have been associated with increased healthcare utilization in women and variable associations with preventive services. It remains unknown, however, if broader measures of violence and safety exposu... | In this large population-based sample, women with recent self-reported safety concerns report receiving fewer recommended gender-specific preventive services. | yes |
19,552,824 | Is klassevirus 1 , a previously undescribed member of the family Picornaviridae , globally widespread? | {
"contexts": [
"Diarrhea is the third leading infectious cause of death worldwide and is estimated to be responsible for approximately 2 million deaths a year. While many infectious causes of diarrhea have been established, approximately 40% of all diarrhea cases are of unknown etiology. In an effort to identify... | Klassevirus 1 is a previously undescribed picornavirus that is globally widespread and present on at least three continents. Further investigations to determine whether klassevirus 1 is a human pathogen are needed. | yes |
19,566,962 | Are mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFkappaB involved in SP-A-enhanced responses of macrophages to mycobacteria? | {
"contexts": [
"Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a C-type lectin involved in surfactant homeostasis as well as host defense in the lung. We have recently demonstrated that SP-A enhances the killing of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) by rat macrophages through a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. In the current study w... | These results demonstrate that BCG and SP-A-BCG ingestion by macrophages is accompanied by activation of signaling pathways involving the MAP kinase pathway and NFkappaB. | yes |
19,566,963 | Do morphogenesis signaling components influence cell cycle regulation by cyclin dependent kinase? | {
"contexts": [
"The yeast cell cycle is largely controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc28. Recent evidence suggests that both CDK complex stability as well as function during mitosis is determined by precise regulation of Swe1, a CDK inhibitory kinase and cyclin binding partner. A model of mitotic pr... | The dynamic balance between Cks1- and Swe1-dependent regulation of Cdc28 and, thereby, the timing of mitosis during yeast dimorphism is regulated in part by Ras2/cAMP-mediated PKA signaling, a key pathway controlling filamentous growth. | yes |
19,563,635 | Do calyx and dimorphic neurons of mouse Scarpa 's ganglion express histamine H3 receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Histamine-related drugs are commonly used in the treatment of vertigo and related vestibular disorders. The site of action of these drugs however has not been elucidated yet. Recent works on amphibians showed that histamine H3 receptor antagonists, e.g. betahistine, inhibit the afferent discharge... | The present results are consistent with calyx and dimorphic, but not bouton, afferent vestibular neurons expressing H3 receptors. This study provides a molecular substrate for the effects of histamine-related antivertigo drugs acting on (or binding to) H3 receptors, and suggest a potential target for the treatment of v... | yes |
19,555,287 | Do primary pneumonic plague contracted from a mountain lion carcass? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary pneumonic plague is a rare but often fatal form of Yersinia pestis infection that results from direct inhalation of bacteria and is potentially transmissible from person to person. We describe a case of primary pneumonic plague in a wildlife biologist who was found deceased in his residen... | The biologist likely acquired pneumonic plague through inhalation of aerosols generated during postmortem examination of an infected mountain lion. Enhanced awareness of zoonotic diseases and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are needed for biologists and others who handle wildlife. | yes |
19,548,906 | Do three residues at the interface of factor XI ( FXI ) monomers augment covalent dimerization of FXI? | {
"contexts": [
"Human plasma factor XI is a homodimer, with each monomer comprising a catalytic domain and four homologous 'apple' domains. The monomers bind to each other through non-covalent bonds and through a disulfide bond between Cys321 residues in apple 4 domains.",
"To identify residues essential for... | The data suggest that Leu284, Ile290 and Tyr329 in the interface of FXI monomers are essential for forming non-covalently bonded dimers that facilitate formation of a disulfide-bonded stable FXI dimer. | yes |
19,565,514 | Does induction of CCL13 expression in synovial fibroblasts highlight a significant role of oncostatin M in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the molecular mechanisms of CCL13/monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4) chemokine expression through proinflammatory cytokines in different primary human fibroblasts and the contribution of CCL13 to monocyte migration.",
"Using RNase protection assays and enzyme-linked imm... | In contrast to other prominent cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of RA, OSM can strongly up-regulate the expression of CCL13, a chemokine recently identified in the synovial fluid of patients with RA. Despite potent OSM-induced signal transduction in all types of fibroblasts analyzed, only synovial fibroblasts sec... | yes |
19,549,340 | Do monocytes and neutrophils expressing myeloperoxidase occur in fibrous caps and thrombi in unstable coronary plaques? | {
"contexts": [
"Myeloperoxidase (MPO) -containing macrophages and neutrophils have been described at sites of plaque rupture. The presence of these cells in precursor lesions to acute rupture (thin cap atheroma, or vulnerable plaque) and within thrombi adjacent to ruptures has not been described, nor an associat... | Unstable fibrous caps are more likely to contain MPO-positive cells, neutrophils, and iron-containing macrophages than fibrous caps of stable fibroatheromas. MPO-positive cells in thrombi adjacent to disrupted plaques are associated with occlusive thrombi and are more numerous in diabetic patients. | yes |
19,540,120 | Do par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration? | {
"contexts": [
"Centrosome orientation toward the leading edge of migrating cells depends on dynein and microtubules (MTs), as well as a number of signaling factors at the leading edge. However, centrosomes are maintained at the cell center during orientation in fibroblasts, suggesting that factors working at si... | Par3 associates with dynein and contributes to the local regulation of MT dynamics at cell-cell contacts and proper positioning of the centrosome at the cell center. We propose that Par3 acts as a cortical factor that tethers MTs through its association with LIC2 dynein. | yes |
19,554,673 | Are the personality domains and styles of the five-factor model related to incident depression in Medicare recipients aged 65 to 100? | {
"contexts": [
"Few prospective studies have examined personality and depression in older adults. The authors investigated whether the Five-Factor Model of personality traits-Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness-and trait combinations (styles) are related to inc... | The present findings highlight the importance of examining combinations of personality traits or personality styles when identifying those who are most at-risk for geriatric depression. Since other personality domains may modify the risk related to high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness, the prevention, diagnosis, ... | yes |
19,554,672 | Does variability in depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in age-related macular degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"The measurement of affective symptoms in older persons who decline cognitively is uncertain. The authors investigated whether mood variability predicts dementia in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).",
"Three-year observational study after a clinical trial.",
"Community ... | These data suggest a useful approach to conceptualizing and measuring depressive symptoms in older persons. Variability in self-reported mood may be an early sign of dementia and may offer new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms linking depression and cognition | yes |
19,543,398 | Do individual differences in personality predict how people look at faces? | {
"contexts": [
"Determining the ways in which personality traits interact with contextual determinants to shape social behavior remains an important area of empirical investigation. The specific personality trait of neuroticism has been related to characteristic negative emotionality and associated with heighten... | This finding is discussed in relation to previous behavioral research relating personality to selective attention for trait-congruent emotional information, neuroimaging studies relating differences in personality to amygdala reactivity to socially relevant stimuli, and genetic studies suggesting linkages between the s... | yes |
19,543,395 | Do natural triterpenic diols promote apoptosis in astrocytoma cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and JNK activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Triterpene alcohols and acids are multifunctional compounds widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom that exhibit a variety of beneficial health properties, being synthetic analogs of oleanolic acid under clinical evaluation as anti-tumoral therapeutic agents. However, the antineoplastic a... | Overall, we provide a significant insight into the anticarcinogenic action of erythrodiol and uvaol that may have a potential in prevention and treatment of brain tumors and other cancers. | yes |
19,546,811 | Does maraviroc concentrate in the cervicovaginal fluid and vaginal tissue of HIV-negative women? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare single- and multiple-dose maraviroc exposures in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and vaginal tissue (VT) with blood plasma (BP) and quantify maraviroc protein binding in CVF.",
"Open-label pharmacokinetic study.",
"In 12 HIV-negative women, 7 paired CVF and BP samples were collected... | Higher maraviroc exposure in the female genital tract provides a pharmacologic basis for further evaluation of chemokine receptor 5 antagonists in HIV infection prophylaxis. This is the first study to report antiretroviral VT concentrations, CVF protein binding, and CVF terminal elimination. | yes |
19,563,028 | Does [ Arsenic trioxide inhibit cell growth in imatinib-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the growth inhibition of imatinib (IM)-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro.",
"Cell growth of one IM-sensitive cell line, 32Dp210 and 15 IM-resistant cell lines including T315I and other 14 bcr-abl mutants were detected by MTT assa... | As2O3 remarkably inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of IM-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro, suggesting that it might be a potential therapeutic agent for IM-resistant CML patients. | yes |
19,549,239 | Does resorcinol peel as a possible self-treatment of painful nodules in hidradenitis suppurativa? | {
"contexts": [
"Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by abscess formation localized to apocrine sweat gland-bearing skin. The most important factor in patients' overall assessment of disease severity is pain. The duration of abscesses takes days to weeks and are alw... | Topical treatment with 15% resorcinol reduced pain from painful nodules in all patients with HS. Further trials are warranted to confirm these results. | yes |
19,542,249 | Is increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells an independent predictor for improved clinical outcome in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis, requiring risk-stratified management in affected patients. Recently, tumor microenvironment including regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been implicated as a prognostic marker in certain typ... | Increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating Tregs predicted improved clinical outcome in NKTCL patients. | yes |
19,565,029 | Is pre-operative Evaluation of Eustachian Tube Function Using a Modified Pressure Equilibration Test Predictive of Good Postoperative Hearing and Middle Ear Aeration in Type 1 Tympanoplasty Patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The Eustachian tube (ET) plays an important role in maintaining a normally aerated middle ear. Inflammation in middle ear disease is related to ET dysfunction, and postoperative restoration of middle ear integrity and hearing are closely related to ET function in chronic ear disease patients. Aft... | ET function measured with a modified pressure equilibration test using an inflation-deflation manometric method is a good indicator of an aerated middle ear and is predictive of improved postoperative hearing. | yes |
19,558,687 | Does tularemia induce different biochemical responses in BALB/c mice and common voles? | {
"contexts": [
"Both BALB/c mice and common voles (Microtus arvalis) are considered highly susceptible to tularemia. However, the common vole is reported to harbour Francisella tularensis in European habitats as well as to survive longer with chronic shedding of the bacterium. The purpose of the present study wa... | As differences in lipid metabolism and the total antioxidant capacity of highly susceptible rodent species were demonstrated, the role of triglycerides, cholesterol and antioxidants in tularemic sepsis should be further investigated. | yes |
19,564,583 | Is optical coherence tomography less sensitive than visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Determine the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect clinical and subclinical remote optic neuritis (ON), its relationship to clinical characteristics of ON and visual function, and whether the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness functions as a surrogate marker of global d... | Visual evoked potentials (VEP) remains the preferred test for detecting clinical and subclinical optic neuritis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures were unrelated to disability and demographic features predicting a worse prognosis in multiple sclerosis. OCT may provide complementary information to VEP in selec... | yes |
19,570,234 | Do annotated receipts capture household food purchases from a broad range of sources? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate measurement of household food purchase behavior (HFPB) is important for understanding its association with household characteristics, individual dietary intake and neighborhood food retail outlets. However, little research has been done to develop measures of HFPB. The main objective of ... | Receipt data provided important quantitative information about HFPB from a wide range of sources and food categories. Two weeks may be adequate to reliably characterize HFPB using annotated receipts. | yes |
19,545,434 | Is conservation of the glucan phosphatase laforin linked to rates of molecular evolution and the glucan metabolism of the organism? | {
"contexts": [
"Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. A hallmark of LD is cytoplasmic accumulation of insoluble glucans, called Lafora bodies (LBs). Mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatase laforin account for approximately 50% of LD cases, and this gene is conserved... | Our results alter the existing view of glucan phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and strongly suggest that glucan phosphorylation is a multi-Kingdom regulatory mechanism, encompassing at least some invertebrates. These results establish boundaries concerning which organisms contain laforin. Laforin is conserved in all v... | yes |
19,559,492 | Does co-morbidity index predict for mortality after stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prognostic role of co-morbidity in medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).",
"Between 2000 and 2007, 88 consecutive early-stage medically inoperable NSCLC patients were treated by linac-based SBRT... | The number and seriousness of co-morbidities predict overall survival in medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT. Because the determination of medical operability is frequently based on both objective measures and subjective clinical judgment, it is recommended that co-morbidity be formally indexed in ... | yes |
19,566,899 | Are serum VEGF levels in acute ischaemic strokes correlated with long-term prognosis? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in acute-stage ischaemic stroke patients with small vessel disease (SVD) or large vessel disease (LVD) are correlated with long-term prognoses, based on the difference in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores between acute a... | Serum VEGF levels are correlated with long-term prognoses in acute ischaemic stroke patients. | yes |
19,553,080 | Does echocardiographic tissue deformation imaging quantify abnormal regional right ventricular function in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of new quantitative echocardiographic strain and strain-rate imaging parameters to identify abnormal regional right ventricular (RV) deformation associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C).",
"A total o... | DTI and two-dimensional strain-derived parameters are superior to conventional echocardiographic parameters in identifying ARVD/C. This novel technique may have additional value in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected ARVD/C. | yes |
19,564,296 | Does impact of electronic health record-based alert on influenza vaccination for children with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal was to assess the impact of influenza vaccine clinical alerts on missed opportunities for vaccination and on overall influenza immunization rates for children and adolescents with asthma.",
"A prospective, cluster-randomized trial of 20 primary care sites was conducted between Octobe... | Clinical alerts were associated with only modest improvements in influenza vaccination rates. | yes |
19,549,743 | Does growth hormone receptor antagonist treatment reduce exercise performance in young males? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of GH on exercise performance remain unclear.",
"The aim of the study was to examine the effects of GH receptor (GHR) antagonist treatment on exercise performance.",
"Subjects were treated with the GHR antagonist pegvisomant or placebo for 16 d. After the treatment period, the... | GH might be an important determinant of exercise capacity during prolonged exercise, but GHR antagonist did not alter fat metabolism during exercise. | yes |
19,544,045 | Does infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10-deficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"We questioned whether infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (HV-68) might exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease using mice deficient in IL-10 (IL-10-/-) as a model of developing colitis.",
"Groups of C57BL/6 mice and IL-10-/- mice were mock-treated or infected with HV-68. Two months follo... | The presence of HV-68 in IL-10-/- mice exacerbates the developing clinical disease in this animal model of colitis. | yes |
19,564,153 | Do multiple cardiac proteasome subtypes differ in their susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors? | {
"contexts": [
"The proteasome is the proteolytically active core of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulates vital processes and which can cause various diseases when it malfunctions. Therefore, the proteasome has become an attractive target for pharmaceutical interventions. Inhibition of the cardiac pr... | These data show that different inhibitors have differential inhibitory effects on the various cardiac proteasome subtypes. Different cardiac subtypes are inhibited by the same dose of proteasome inhibitor to a different extent. | yes |
19,560,702 | Does alteration of neuropeptides in the lung tissue correlate brain death-induced neurogenic edema? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased intracranial pressure induces neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), potentially explaining why only lungs from less than 20% of brain dead organ donors can be used for transplantation. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of NPE, focusing on neuropeptides, which potently induce... | NPY was released from the lung tissue of brain-dead pigs, and its concentration was related to the extent of pulmonary edema. NPY may be one of several crucial mediators of neurogenic pulmonary edema, raising the possibility of treatment with NPY-antagonists to increase the number of available lung donors. | yes |
19,548,035 | Does bioluminescence imaging in mouse models quantify beta cell mass in the pancreas and after islet transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"We developed a mouse model that enables non-invasive assessment of changes in beta cell mass.",
"We generated a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase under control of the mouse insulin I promoter [mouse insulin promoter-luciferase-Vanderbilt University (MIP-Luc-VU)] and characterized this mo... | Bioluminescence in the MIP-Luc-VU mouse model is proportional to beta cell mass in the setting of increased and decreased beta cell mass and after transplantation. | yes |
19,570,991 | Is resistance exercise plus to aerobic activities associated with better lipids ' profile among healthy individuals : the ATTICA study? | {
"contexts": [
"The influence of different types of exercise on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has rarely been investigated. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of adding resistance exercise to aerobic activities on lipid-lipoprotein profile, in a representative sample of men and wom... | These data suggest that combining aerobic and resistance-type activities may confer a better effect on lipoprotein profile in healthy individuals than aerobic activities alone. | yes |
19,548,108 | Does antibacterial therapy improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer detection using prostate-specific antigen in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To improve prostate cancer (PC) detection accuracy among patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) above 4.0 ng/ml and asymptomatic prostate inflammation.",
"A total of 136 patients with PSA ranging from 4.0 to 50.0 ng/ml with asymptomatic prostatitis were included in the study cohort. ... | Using the changes in PSA-related parameters after antibacterial therapy DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA improve the PC detection rate and decrease unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis. | yes |
19,543,489 | Does cilostazol protect endothelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis through ERK1/2- and P38 MAPK-dependent pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the effects of cilostazol on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and its relationship with cilostazol-mediated protection against apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endothelial cells.",
"Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to LPS an... | Cilostazol protects HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling. Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, and subsequent stimulation of CREB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression, may be responsible for the cellular signaling mechanism of cilostazol-mediated protection. | yes |
19,545,424 | Does protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 regulate calpain activity and the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The peptidyl-proline isomerase, Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 (PIN1), regulates turnover of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) stimulated with E. coli endotoxin (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN). Degradation of iNOS was reduced by a cal... | PIN1 reduced calpain activity and slowed the degradation of COX-2 in MAEC, an effect recapitulated by an inhibitor of calpain. Given the sensitivity of COX-2 and iNOS to calpain, PIN1 may normally limit induction of these and other calpain substrates by maintaining calpain activity in endothelial cells. | yes |
19,543,526 | Do immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function? | {
"contexts": [
"The systemic injection of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) provides remarkable amelioration of the clinico-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This is dependent on the capacity of transplanted NPCs to engage concurrent mechanisms of action within specific m... | The study described herein, identifies the first member of the TGF beta/BMP family of stem cell regulators as a novel tolerogenic factor released by NPCs. Full exploitation of this pathway as an efficient tool for vaccination therapy in autoimmune inflammatory conditions is underway. | yes |
19,551,668 | Does topical N-acetylcysteine reduce interleukin-1-alpha in tear fluid after laser subepithelial keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of topical N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1alpha) levels in tear fluid after myopic laser subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and its possible role in modulating corneal wound healing.",
"Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients who underwent myopic LASEK were di... | NAC seems to have an additive effect to steroids in suppressing IL-1alpha levels in tear fluid and may be clinically advantageous in modulating corneal wound healing during the early postoperative period after LASEK. | yes |
19,570,074 | Does metabolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum induce histopathologic alterations and apoptosis in the skin of Wistar rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Most patients with Fusarium infection present with affection of the tegumentary system, with the presence of necrotic and/or inflammatory lesions associated with pain.",
"To evaluate the effect of the intradermal application of a metabolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum in the skin of Wistar r... | The extract induced histopathologic alterations in the skin, probably as a result of the presence of active toxic metabolites. | yes |
19,545,732 | Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has recently become a novel therapy for patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the optimal time points for HSCT are still unknown.",
"By using multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice models, we performe... | These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice. | yes |
19,566,955 | Does tactile thermal oral stimulation increase the cortical representation of swallowing? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysphagia is a leading complication in stroke patients causing aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and increased mortality. Current strategies of swallowing therapy involve on the one hand modification of eating behaviour or swallowing technique and on the other hand facilitation of swallowing wit... | In the present study functional cortical changes elicited by oral sensory stimulation could be demonstrated. We suggest that these results reflect short-term cortical plasticity of sensory swallowing areas. These findings facilitate our understanding of the role of cortical reorganization in dysphagia treatment and rec... | yes |
19,569,068 | Does upstream high-dose tirofiban reduce myocardial infarct size in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention : a magnetic resonance imaging pilot study? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more effective than fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but initial treatment delay to intervention is the main limitation of this strategy.",
"Upstream use of high-dose tirofiban could reduce myocard... | Despite the improvement of initial TIMI flow grade, the upstream use of high-dose tirofiban did not reduce myocardial infarct size measured by CE-MRI. | no |
19,540,673 | Do the use of theraputic plasma exchange ( TPE ) in the setting of refractory burn shock? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examines the physiologic effects of theraputic plasma exchange (TPE) in the setting of refractory burn shock and attempts to identify variables that correlate with the eventual need for TPE.",
"A retrospective analysis was conducted of 40 patients over 24 months with >20% TBSA burn... | This is the largest study to date examining TPE as an adjunct in burn resuscitation and suggests that TPE may be effective as a salvage intervention for refractory burn shock. Physiologic parameters clearly improved after the use of TPE without any detected adverse consequences. Also, admission lactate may be a useful ... | yes |
19,549,333 | Does low-dose vasopressin infusion result in increased mortality and cardiac dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Arginine vasopressin is a vasoactive drug commonly used in distributive shock states including mixed shock with a cardiac component. However, the direct effect of arginine vasopressin on the function of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart has not been clearly elucidated.",
"We measured lef... | Arginine vasopressin infusion significantly depressed the myocardial function in an ischemia/reperfusion model and increased mortality in comparison with both saline and dobutamine treated animals. The use of vasopressin may be contraindicated in non-vasodilatory shock states associated with significant cardiac injury. | yes |
19,565,930 | Are p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions two important indices for prognosis in gastric carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined the correlation between P53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression together with tumour vascularity and investigated their clinical significance in the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.",
"Ninety-five patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent curative s... | The p53 expression may play an important role in controlling angiogenesis by regulating VEGF expression and VEGF expression is associated closely with disease recurrence. In addition, both p53 and VEGF expression might be useful in indicating the prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma. | yes |
19,570,127 | Are hypoalbuminaemia and impaired renal function associated with increased anticholinergic drug prescribing? | {
"contexts": [
"A higher anticholinergic risk score (ARS) is associated with an increased risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in elderly patients. It is unknown whether factors other than the use of anticholinergic drugs determine the ARS.",
"A comprehensive medical record review was conducted in 155 con... | Polypharmacy, hypoalbuminaemia and low eGFR are independently associated with the ARS. Patients with a higher ARS are also prescribed higher doses of anticholinergic medications than those with lower ARS. | yes |
19,540,117 | Does compression regulate mitotic spindle length by a mechanochemical switch at the poles? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the molecules involved in mitosis are becoming better characterized, we still lack an understanding of the emergent mechanical properties of the mitotic spindle. For example, we cannot explain how spindle length is determined. To gain insight into how forces are generated and responded t... | We propose that spindle length is controlled by a mechanochemical switch at the poles that regulates the depolymerization rate of kinetochore fibers in response to compression and discuss models for how this switch is controlled. Poleward force appears to be exerted along kinetochore fibers by some mechanism other than... | yes |
19,563,391 | Are fitness and abdominal obesity independently associated with cardiovascular risk? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relationship between cardiovascular fitness (VO(2)max) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference) and individual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, as well as a clustered risk factor profile, and to study the impact of gender, age and smoking on these relationships.",
... | Higher fitness and lower waist circumference are each independently associated to a similar extent with a lower CVD risk. Simultaneous evaluation of both fitness and abdominal obesity status in clinical practice is important. | yes |
19,560,558 | Do pancreatic cancer patients who smoke and drink are diagnosed at younger ages? | {
"contexts": [
"Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of alcohol consumption. The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on age of sporadic pancreatic cancer diagnosis have not been examined; we evaluated the independent and syne... | Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with younger age at pancreatic cancer presentation and have a combined effect on diagnosis age. Past cigarette smoking is less influential. Smoking cessation programs could help prevent pancreatic cancer. | yes |
19,561,023 | Is growth-differentiation factor-15 an independent marker of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease in the elderly : results from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors ( PIVUS ) Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is emerging as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Little is known about the pathophysiological basis for the close association of GDF-15 to future CV events. We hypothesized that GDF-15 is related to underlyi... | GDF-15 carries information on CV dysfunction and disease that is not captured by traditional CV risk factors in elderly individuals. | yes |
19,568,023 | Do the biceps tendon as a measure of rotational deformity in residual brachial plexus birth palsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Children with residual brachial plexus birth palsy often develop internal rotation contractures with subsequent glenohumeral dysplasia seen on axial imaging. Coronal deformity (characterized by humeral head subluxation), and angular deformity (characterized by glenoid retroversion) have been defi... | The biceps angle is a measure of rotational deformity in patients with residual brachial plexus birth palsy, and correlates better with external rotation than either the glenoid version or the PHHA. The biceps angle may be a useful measure of rotational glenohumeral deformity before and after surgery. | yes |
19,541,679 | Does addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolong caudal analgesia in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Caudal block is a common technique for paediatric analgesia but with the disadvantage of short duration of action after single injection. Caudal dexmedetomidine and clonidine could offer significant analgesic benefits. We compared the analgesic effects and side-effects of dexmedetomidine and clon... | Addition of dexmedetomidine or clonidine to caudal bupivacaine significantly promoted analgesia in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries with no significant advantage of dexmedetomidine over clonidine and without an increase in incidence of side-effects. | yes |
19,549,227 | Do keratometric alterations following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the alterations in keratometric astigmatism following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy.",
"Sixteen consecutive patients were enrolled into the study. Conventional vitrectomy was applied to eight of the case... | Both 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless and conventional pars plana vitrectomy are effective surgical modalities for selected diseases of the posterior segment. Surgical procedures are critical for the visual rehabilitation of the patients. The post-operative corneal astigmatism of the vitrectomised eyes can be accu... | yes |
19,568,416 | Is lMO2 a novel predictive marker for a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) has been identified as a novel oncogene associated with carcinogenesis and better prognosis in several malignant tumors. We investigate the involvement of LMO2 in pancreatic cancer.",
"We evaluated LMO2 expression in cultured cells, bulk tissues, and microdissected ce... | LMO2 is a promising marker for predicting a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer. | yes |
19,568,417 | Does acute stress increase sex differences in risk seeking in the balloon analogue risk task? | {
"contexts": [
"Decisions involving risk often must be made under stressful circumstances. Research on behavioral and brain differences in stress responses suggest that stress might have different effects on risk taking in males and females.",
"In this study, participants played a computer game designed to m... | Acute stress amplifies sex differences in risk seeking; making women more risk avoidant and men more risk seeking. Evolutionary principles may explain these stress-induced sex differences in risk taking behavior. | yes |
19,545,855 | Is more lateral and anterior prefrontal coil location associated with better repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation antidepressant response? | {
"contexts": [
"The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most commonly used target for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression. The \"5-cm rule\" is an empiric method used for probabilistic targeting of the DLPFC in most clinical trials. This rule may be suboptimal, a... | These results suggest that within the general anatomical area targeted by the 5-cm rule, placing the TMS coil more laterally and anteriorly is associated with improved response rates in TMS depression studies. Controlled studies testing this anatomical hypothesis are needed. | yes |
19,565,496 | Does small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 [ corrected ] mediate the resistance of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes against Fas-induced apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) in aseptic loosening of prosthesis implants and to investigate its role in regulating the susceptibility of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to Fas-induced apoptosis.",
"Specimens of aseptically loosene... | These data suggest that SUMO-1 is involved in the activation of both RA FLS and prosthesis-loosening FLS by preventing these cells from undergoing apoptosis. Modification of nuclear proteins by SUMO-1 contributes to the antiapoptotic effects of SUMO-1 in prosthesis-loosening FLS, providing evidence for the specific act... | yes |
19,565,495 | Is risk of tuberculosis higher with anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody therapy than with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor therapy : The three-year prospective French Research Axed on Tolerance of Biotherapies registry? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, but whether this association is drug-specific remains a concern. Our objective was to describe cases of TB associated with anti-TNF mAb therapy, identify risk factors, and estimate the in... | The risk of TB is higher for patients receiving anti-TNF mAb therapy than for those receiving soluble TNF receptor therapy. The increased risk with early anti-TNF treatment and the absence of correct chemoprophylactic treatment favor the reactivation of latent TB. | yes |
19,565,493 | Are adipocytokines associated with radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity protects against radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through poorly defined mechanisms. Adipocytokines are produced in adipose tissue and modulate inflammatory responses and radiographic joint damage in animal models. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothe... | Concentrations of adipocytokines are increased in patients with RA and may modulate radiographic joint damage. Visfatin is associated with increased, and leptin with reduced, levels of radiographic joint damage. | yes |
19,565,491 | Is the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter a strong risk factor for primary Sjögren 's syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a transcription factor involved in type I interferon (IFN) secretion. This study was undertaken to investigate whether a 5-bp (CGGGG insertion/deletion) promoter polymorphism is involved in genetic predisposition to primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and to assess t... | Our findings indicate an association of the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter with primary SS. Patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele had a high level of mRNA for IRF5 in PBMCs and salivary gland epithelial cells, mainly after in vitro viral infection. Patients with high levels of mRNA for ... | yes |
19,543,002 | Is the neuroprotective effects of oxaloacetate in closed head injury in rats mediated by its blood glutamate scavenging activity : evidence from the use of maleate? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment with oxaloacetate after traumatic brain injury has been shown to decrease blood glutamate levels and protect against the neurotoxic effects of glutamate on the brain. A number of potential mechanisms have been suggested to explain oxaloacetate-induced neuroprotection. We hypothesize tha... | The results of this study demonstrate that the primary mechanism by which oxaloacetate provides neuroprotective activity after CHI is related to its blood glutamate scavenging activity. Management of blood glutamate concentration may have important implications in the treatment of acute brain conditions, including CHI ... | yes |
19,559,543 | Do young adult injection drug users in the United States continue to practice HIV risk behaviors? | {
"contexts": [
"Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk of acquiring HIV through injection and sexual practices.",
"We analyzed data collected in five U.S. cities between 2002 and 2004 to identify correlates of HIV infection among 3285 IDUs ages 15-30 years.",
"Overall, HIV prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 2.... | More than two decades after injection and sexual practices were identified as risk factors for HIV infection, these behaviors remain common among young IDUs. While racial/ethnic disparities persist, methamphetamine may be replacing cocaine as the drug most associated with HIV seropositivity. HIV prevention intervention... | yes |
19,568,684 | Does self-reported pad use per day reflect patient quality of life after pubovaginal sling surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"We hypothesized that self-reported pad use per day (PPD) after pubovaginal sling (PVS) correlated with postoperative quality of life (QOL) scores.",
"Two hundred fifteen women completed the incontinence impact questionnaire 7 (IIQ-7) and urogenital distress inventory 6 (UDI-6) before PVS and ... | Self-reported PPD after PVS reflects patient perception of urinary-specific QOL. | yes |
19,570,220 | Are the novel RASSF6 and RASSF10 candidate tumour suppressor genes frequently epigenetically inactivated in childhood leukaemias? | {
"contexts": [
"The Ras-association family (RASSF) of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) contains 10 members that encode proteins containing Ras-association (RA) domains. Several members of the RASSF family are frequently epigenetically inactivated in cancer, however, their role in leukaemia has remained largely uni... | This study shows the hypermethylation profile of RASSF genes in leukaemias is distinct from that of solid tumours and represents the first report of inactivation of RASSF6 or RASSF10 in cancer. These data show epigenetic inactivation of the candidate TSGs RASSF6 and RASSF10 is an extremely frequent event in the pathoge... | yes |
19,555,941 | Is pancreatitis frequent among patients with side-branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia diagnosed by EUS? | {
"contexts": [
"Because of greater recognition and improved imaging capabilities, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. IPMNs of the main pancreatic duct cause symptoms and lead to pancreatitis. Side-branch (SB) IPMNs are thought to cause symptoms less fr... | Single-center, retrospective study. | yes |
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