pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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19,539,982 | Does eosinophil-derived IFN-gamma induce airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in the absence of lymphocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Eosinophils are key players in T(H)2-driven pathologies, such as allergic lung inflammation. After IL-5- and eotaxin-mediated tissue recruitment, they release several cytotoxic and inflammatory mediators. However, their exact contribution to asthma remains controversial. Indeed, in human subjects... | These results support the important and previously unsuspected contribution of eosinophils to lung inflammation independently of lymphocytes through production of IFN-gamma, the prototypical T(H)1 cytokine. | yes |
19,567,646 | Does diffusion-tensor imaging implicate prefrontal axonal injury in executive function impairment following very mild traumatic brain injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether frontal white matter diffusion abnormalities can help predict acute executive function impairment after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).",
"This study had institutional review board approval, included written informed consent, and complied with HIPAA. Diffusion-tensor ... | Impaired executive function following mTBI is associated with axonal injury involving the DLPFC. | yes |
19,550,399 | Are blood serum immunoglobulins of patients with multiple myeloma capable of hydrolysing histone H1? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently we have shown that the imunoglobulins G from blood serum of some multiple sclerosis patients are capable of cleaving histone H1.",
"To check whether histone H1-hydrolyzing abzymes could be detected not only in blood plasma of autoimmune patients, but also during cancer development, p... | We demonstrated the existence of previously unknown histone H1 hydrolyzing IgG abzymes in the serum of multiple myeloma patients. Possible biological role of hisH1-hydrolyzing antibodies in patients with multiple myeloma was discussed. | yes |
19,557,983 | Does mitral regurgitation reduce systemic coagulation activity in patients with rheumatic heart disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) reduces left atrial thrombus formation in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Plasma D-dimer levels represent a biochemical marker for fibrinolytic activity in prothrombotic states. The prothrombotic burden in patients with mitral valv... | Plasma D-dimer levels correlated with the embolic risk in mitral valve disease and non-valvular AF. The highest levels were found in patients with MS+AF and non-valvular AF. Severe MR decreased the D-dimer levels in MS and/or AF to control levels. | yes |
19,550,408 | Does light and moderate alcohol consumption significantly reduce the prevalence of fatty liver in the Japanese male population? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of alcohol consumption on the liver is controversial. Recent reports have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption decreases the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. The role of alcohol consumption in the development of fatty liver (FL), however, has not been stud... | The prevalence of FL was significantly and independently decreased by light and moderate alcohol consumption in men of an asymptomatic Japanese population. | yes |
19,546,829 | Do the long-term effects of modified electrode surfaces and intracochlear corticosteroids on postoperative impedances in cochlear implant patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of intraoperative application of steroid suspension and coating of the electrode contacts with a thin film of iridium oxide on the intracochlear impedance development after cochlear implantation and on the impedance difference be... | Although the differences between control and steroid-treated groups decrease with time, single intraoperative intracochlear steroid deposition was proven to lower postoperative impedances during first 3 to 4 years after implantation probably because of reduction of fibrous tissue growth. | yes |
19,540,523 | Does hIV Nef protein cause endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with several chronic diseases, including pulmonary artery hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of these vascular complications are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to test a novel h... | HIV Nef protein significantly decreases endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in porcine pulmonary arteries. It also reduces eNOS expression and induces oxidative stress in both porcine pulmonary arteries and HPAECs. This study demonstrates a new mechanism of HIV Nef, which causes endothelial dysfunction and may contrib... | yes |
19,540,520 | Does pharmacological preconditioning using intraportal infusion of L-arginine protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study examined the effects of intraportal infusion of L-arginine on ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) in pig livers, by observing changes in the liver function, liver cell morphology, and changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure.",
"The involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pat... | Pharmacological preconditioning with intraportal L-arginine provided protection against hepatic I/RI in early phases of the reperfusion period. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect may include preservation of the mitochondrial structure and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. | yes |
19,557,715 | Is occult HBV infection in hemodialysis setting marked by presence of isolated antibodies to HBcAg and HCV? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a matter of concern in hemodialysis units; occult HBV infections (serum HBsAg negative but HBV DNA positive) were demonstrated in this setting, and this involves further concerns regarding possible transmission and pathogenic consequences. This study aimed t... | Occult HBV infection is frequent among hemodialysis patients in our geographical area, particularly correlated to the presence of isolated anti-HBcAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Thus, the presence of isolated anti-HBcAg should prompt the clinician to evaluate a possible occult HBV infection especially if anti-HCV antibodi... | yes |
19,557,716 | Is fractional urinary excretion of IgG the most powerful predictor of renoprotection by ACE inhibitors in IgA nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Several aspects of renoprotection by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are poorly defined: factors affecting responsiveness, role of proteinuria components and histological lesions, and criteria to identify patients who may benefit from ACEi.",
"In an o... | Renoprotection by ACEi is a multifactorial phenomenon: the best predictor of renoprotection is FEIgG, a marker of disruption of glomerular barrier to proteins; renoprotection depends not only on ability to reduce proteinuria, but probably also on antiinflammatory and antifibrotic activity. | yes |
19,557,718 | Does bMP-7 counteract TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"A large proportion of interstitial fibroblasts actually originate from tubular epithelial cells via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal fibrogenesis. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is capable of initiating and completing the entire EMT course. Bone morphogenetic ... | These data suggest that BMP-7 attenuates progressive loss of kidney function and renal fibrosis through counteracting TGF-beta1-mediated EMT. | yes |
19,551,907 | Does notch2 signaling promote biliary epithelial cell fate specification and tubulogenesis during bile duct development in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) development begins with the differentiation of hepatoblasts into a single continuous biliary epithelial cell (BEC) layer, called the ductal plate. During ductal plate remodeling, tubular structures arise at distinct sites of the ductal plate, forming bile ducts that ... | Notch2 signaling regulates BEC differentiation, the induction of tubulogenesis during IHBD development, and BEC survival. | yes |
19,550,362 | Are cardiac repolarization and striatal dopamine transporter function interrelated? | {
"contexts": [
"In Parkinson's disease, striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and cardiac sympathetic function are disturbed. In addition, heart rate (HR)-corrected cardiac repolarisation time (QTc interval), which is partly under autonomic control, is prolonged. Whether there is physiological coupling bet... | This study suggests significant physiological QTc-DAT relation in young healthy adults. QTc interval measurements might carry diagnostically important information in clinical conditions, which have an effect on both striatal DAT binding and cardiac sympathetic function. | yes |
19,559,171 | Does mild hyponatremia carry a poor prognosis in community subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyponatremia has been shown to predict adverse outcome in congestive heart failure and pneumonia among other common clinical entities, but its significance in the general population is elusive.",
"The population-based Copenhagen Holter Study included 671 men and women aged 55 to 75 years with... | Hyponatremia is an independent predictor of deaths and myocardial infarction in middle-aged and elderly community subjects. | yes |
19,542,211 | Do elevated serum uric acid concentrations independently predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"There is limited information on whether increased serum uric acid levels are independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the predictive role of serum uric acid levels on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic individu... | Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients, independent of several potential confounders, including renal function measures. | yes |
19,555,796 | Does depression increase risk of incident myocardial infarction among Veterans Administration patients with rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"This study evaluates whether depression is a risk factor for incident myocardial infarction (MI) in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) between 30 and 79 years of age.",
"We used a retrospective cohort study of 15,634 patients with RA. Diagnoses and soc... | Depressed RA patients, without a history of cardiovascular disease, are 40% more likely to have a heart attack as compared to those without depression. These data demonstrate a rapid (within 6 years) transition to MI following onset of depression in RA patients. Increased monitoring of depression and heart disease stat... | yes |
19,562,776 | Is a comprehensive geriatric assessment more effective than clinical judgment to identify elderly diffuse large cell lymphoma patients who benefit from aggressive therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors set out to analyze if a simple comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) could objectively identify elderly patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) who can be effectively treated with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy.",
"CGA was performed in 84 consecutive patie... | CGA is an efficient method to identify elderly DLCL patients who can benefit from a curative approach with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy. Further study is needed to discern why unfit patients seem to have poor outcomes because of poor tolerance but also because of lymphoma refractoriness to intensive ther... | yes |
19,548,904 | Are intensive peri-operative use of factor VIII and the Arg593 -- > Cys mutation risk factors for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A? | {
"contexts": [
"A severe and challenging complication in the treatment of hemophilia A is the development of inhibiting antibodies (inhibitors) directed towards factor VIII (FVIII). Inhibitors aggravate bleeding complications, disabilities and costs. The etiology of inhibitor development is incompletely understo... | The Arg593Cys genotype and intensive peri-operative use of FVIII, especially when administered by continuous infusion, are associated with an increased risk for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A. | yes |
19,548,909 | Does differential stimulation of monocytic cells result in distinct populations of microparticles? | {
"contexts": [
"Microparticles (MPs), small vesicles shed from stimulated cells, permit cross-talk between cells within a particular environment. Their composition is thought to reflect their cell of origin, and differs according to whether they are produced by stimulation or by apoptosis. Whether MP properties ... | We found that the properties of MPs depend on the stimulus that produced them. This supports the concept that monocytic MPs differentially modulate thrombosis, inflammation and immune regulation according to stimulus. | yes |
19,564,918 | Do dopamine transporters in striatum correlate with deactivation in the default mode network during visuospatial attention? | {
"contexts": [
"Dopamine and dopamine transporters (DAT, which regulate extracellular dopamine in the brain) are implicated in the modulation of attention but their specific roles are not well understood. Here we hypothesized that dopamine modulates attention by facilitation of brain deactivation in the default ... | These findings provide evidence that dopamine transporters modulate neural activity in the DMN and anterior cingulate gyrus during visuospatial attention. Our findings suggest that dopamine modulates attention in part by regulating neuronal activity in posterior parietal cortex including precuneus (region involved in a... | yes |
19,555,618 | Does head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest result in lower jugular bulb than esophageal temperature? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether during the initial phase of head and neck cooling, jugular bulb temperature (Tjb; which may reflect brain temperature) is lower than esophageal temperature (Tes).",
"To compare Tes and Tjb, patients received head or head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest.",
"The f... | During the initial phase of therapeutic hypothermia, Tjb seems to be lower than Tes. | yes |
19,555,610 | Does prolonged TASER use on exhausted humans worsen markers of acidosis? | {
"contexts": [
"There are safety concerns about TASER conducted electrical weapon (CEW) use on humans, and there have been media reports of adverse human outcomes after CEW exposure. Conducted electrical weapons are often used on physically exhausted subjects. A single CEW application of a CEW is generally accep... | Prolonged CEW application on exhausted humans was not associated with worsening change in pH or troponin. Decreases in pCO2 and potassium and a small increase in lactate were found. Worsening acidosis theories due to CEW use in this population are not supported by these data. | no |
19,549,714 | Is insulin granule recruitment and exocytosis dependent on p110gamma in insulinoma and human beta-cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K) has a long-recognized role in beta-cell mass regulation and gene transcription and is implicated in the modulation of insulin secretion. The role of nontyrosine kinase receptor-activated PI3K isoforms is largely unexplored. We therefore investigated the rol... | The G-protein-coupled PI3Kgamma is an important determinant of secretory granule trafficking to the plasma membrane, at least in part through the negative regulation of cortical F-actin. Thus, p110gamma activity plays an important role in maintaining a membrane-docked, readily releasable pool of secretory granules in i... | yes |
19,567,162 | Is elevated plasma apolipoprotein AV in acute coronary syndrome positively correlated with triglyceride and C-reactive protein? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased triglyceride (TG) occurs in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and apolipoprotein AV (apoAV) has been shown to lower TG levels. In the present study, we investigated plasma apoAV level and its relationship with TG and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ACS patients.",
"A total of... | The plasma apoAV concentration is increased and positively correlates with TG and CRP in ACS patients. | yes |
19,545,368 | Does expression of p-AKT characterize adenoid cystic carcinomas of head and neck with a higher risk for tumor relapses? | {
"contexts": [
"Adenoid cystic carcinomas are rare tumors with an indolent clinical course, but frequent local relapses. The identification of tumors with a higher relapse risk seems to be interesting. Hence we investigated parameters of glucose metabolism, which were found associated with poor prognosis in othe... | Adenoid cystic carcinomas positive for p-AKT show a higher relapse risk. However, other parameters of glucose metabolism investigated here or proliferation (Ki67) were not predictive in this entity. Our findings demonstrate a possible background for therapeutic approaches targeting the inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway. | yes |
19,545,362 | Is human rights of persons with mental illness in Indonesia : more than legislation needed? | {
"contexts": [
"Although attention to human rights in Indonesia has been improving over the past decade, the human rights situation of persons with mental disorders is still far from satisfactory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal framework for protection of human rights of persons with mental di... | More than legislation is needed to protect the human rights of persons with mental illness. Improving the human rights situation for persons with mental illness in Indonesia will require action by governments at national, provincial and district levels, substantial increases in the level of investment in mental health ... | yes |
19,544,357 | Is a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 ( ADAM12 ) a prognostic factor in resected pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"A disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) has multiple domains and functions, and it plays important roles in the development of cancer. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether the expression of the membrane type of ADAM12 (ADAM12-L) could be a prognostic factor in resected pa... | ADAM12-L mRNA expression is an independent prognostic factor in resected p-stage I lung adenocarcinoma, and is significantly correlated with tumor differentiation stage and postoperative cancer recurrence. | yes |
19,554,219 | Are protein Z Plasma Levels Elevated in Patients with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Protein Z is a glycoprotein that acts as a co-factor for the inhibition of activated coagulation factor X. Protein Z circulating in abnormal levels has been associated with increased risk for acute ischemic events. Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (N-AION) is caused by acute ische... | In our study, protein Z levels are not implicated in the pathogenesis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (N-AION). | no |
19,557,859 | Does negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging identify acute ischemic stroke at 3 hours or less? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the use of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging as surrogate marker of lesion age within the first 6 hours of ischemic stroke.",
"e analyzed FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences performed within 6 hours of symptom onset in 120 consecutive patients wi... | "mismatch" between positive DWI and negative FLAIR allows the identification of patients that are highly likely to be within the 3-hour time window. Within the first 6 hours of stroke, the sensitivity of FLAIR sequences for acute ischemic lesions increases with time from symptom onset elapsing, approximating 100% after... | yes |
19,551,844 | Do myeloid derived suppressor cells inhibit natural killer cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma via the NKp30 receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"Several immune suppressive mechanisms that evade the host immune response have been described in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); one of these mechanisms is expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs have been shown to inhibit T cell responses in tumor-bearing mice,... | Our study suggests a new role for MDSCs in patients with HCC in disarming the innate immune system and further contributing to the immune suppressor network in these patients. These findings have important implications when designing immunotherapy protocols. | yes |
19,545,557 | Are plasma oxidized lipoprotein ( a ) and its immune complexes present in newborns and children? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidized Lp(a) [ox-Lp(a)] has been reported to play more potent roles than native Lp(a) in atherosclerosis. We investigated the distribution characteristics of plasma ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a) immune complex [Lp(a)-IC] levels in newborns and children.",
"Plasma ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC levels were meas... | The fact that ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC are present in newborns and children suggests that oxidized lipoproteins play an initiating role in atherosclerotic process. | yes |
19,545,550 | Is increased serum HMGB1 related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been identified as a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine in coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the relationship between serum HMGB1 level and the severity of coronary artery stenosis.",
"Serum HMGB1 concentration in patients was measured b... | Serum HMGB1 level was markedly increased with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with SAP and USAP, especially in SAP patients, which suggested that increased serum HMGB1 may involve in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic CAD. | yes |
19,545,551 | Is tNFalpha promoter polymorphism a risk factor for susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma in Korean population? | {
"contexts": [
"The underlying genetic factors for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are largely unknown. TNFalpha is a well characterized inflammatory mediator and is implicated in the development of HCC. We investigated TNFalpha polymorphisms for association with HCC.",
"The... | Our data imply that TNFalpha G-238A and C-857T, not C-863A, polymorphisms may confer different susceptibilities to the development of HCC with TNFalpha -238A and -857T alleles playing as risk factors. | yes |
19,568,709 | Does dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhance the endurance performance in healthy volunteers? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the ingestion of a herbal supplement called Rhodiola-Gingko Capsule (RGC) would enhance the endurance performance of healthy volunteers and change relevant hormones in a favorable manner.",
"Seventy healthy male volunteers (age ranges from 18 to 22 years old) were randoml... | The combined herbal supplement of Rhodiola and Gingko could improve the endurance performance by increasing oxygen consumption and protecting against fatigue. | yes |
19,558,888 | Are [ Parathyroid glands differentiated from lymph node by activated-carbon particles ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To probe into an new methods preserving parathyroid gland of patients with thyroid carcinoma.",
"Thirty-six patients with thyroid carcinoma that primary treated were random divided into two groups: trial group and control group. Emulsion of activated-carbon particles was injected into the thy... | Lymph node of VI group can be stained black by activated carbon particles, and parathyroid gland cannot be stained black. Maybe, parathyroid gland can be preserved by removing the black stain lymph node and retaining the non-black stained tissue. | yes |
19,544,164 | Is the response to bronchodilators in adults predictive of bronchial-hyperreactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"In some subjects with suspected asthma who have normal spirometry, administration of bronchodilators (BD) improves expiratory flow rates. The predictive value of this phenomenon in adults is not known.",
"To evaluate the predictive value of the response to BD for bronchial hyper-responsivenes... | In adults with suspected asthma who have normal spirometry, the response to BD cannot be used to predict BHR. | no |
19,545,413 | Is synovial fluid level of aggrecan ARGS fragments a more sensitive marker of joint disease than glycosaminoglycan or aggrecan levels : a cross-sectional study? | {
"contexts": [
"Aggrecanase cleavage at the 392Glu-393Ala bond in the interglobular domain (IGD) of aggrecan, releasing N-terminal 393ARGS fragments, is an early key event in arthritis and joint injuries. Here, we use a quantitative immunoassay of aggrecan ARGS neoepitope fragments in human synovial fluid to det... | Levels of aggrecan ARGS fragments in human synovial fluid are increased in human arthritis, OA and after knee injury, likely reflecting an enhanced cleavage at the 392Glu-393Ala bond in the IGD by aggrecanase. An assay that specifically quantified these fragments better distinguished samples from joints with pathology ... | yes |
19,548,079 | Does follicle curetting at the time of oocyte retrieval increase the oocyte yield? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether follicle curetting at the time of oocyte retrieval increases oocyte yield.",
"Retrospective review of all patients who underwent oocyte retrieval from July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2005.",
"Number of oocytes retrieved.",
"retrieval time, number of cryopreserved embryos... | This study demonstrated that follicle curetting significantly increased oocyte yield. While it did not increase live birth rates, this increase in oocyte yield should lead to increased numbers of embryos for selection at transfer and increased embryos for cryopreservation. | yes |
19,556,523 | Does aggregated LDL in contact with macrophages induce local increases in free cholesterol levels that regulate local actin polymerization? | {
"contexts": [
"Interaction of macrophages with aggregated matrix-anchored lipoprotein deposits is an important initial step in atherogenesis. Aggregated lipoproteins require different cellular uptake processes than those used for endocytosis of monomeric lipoproteins. In this study, we tested the hypothesis tha... | We describe a novel process that occurs during agLDL-macrophage interactions in which local release of free cholesterol causes local actin polymerization, promoting a pathological positive feedback loop for increased catabolism of agLDL and eventual foam cell formation. | yes |
19,541,813 | Do hFE mutations modulate the effect of iron on serum hepcidin-25 in chronic hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased serum hepcidin has been reported in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, and hypothesized to contribute to the alterations of iron metabolism of end-stage renal disease. However, no quantitative assessment is available to date; the clinical determinants are still under definition; a... | Serum hepcidin-25 is increased in hemodialysis patients, regulated by iron stores and inflammation, and relatively reduced in subjects carrying frequent HFE mutations. Hepcidin-25 may contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia by decreasing iron availability. | yes |
19,542,541 | Are polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes associated with altered sperm apoptosis and poor semen quality? | {
"contexts": [
"The FAS/FASLG system has been proposed to play a key role in germ cell apoptosis. To elucidate the role of the genetic variants of cell death pathway genes in male infertility, we genotyped the polymorphisms of FAS, FASLG and caspase-8 (CASP8) genes and evaluated their effects on sperm apoptosis ... | This study showed for the first time that functional variants of FAS and CASP8 might contribute to the dysfunctional apoptotic mechanism in germ cells, which could result in poor semen quality of ejaculated sperm. | yes |
19,561,346 | Does developmental changes in spatial distribution of in vivo fluorescence and epidermal UV absorbance over Quercus petraea leave? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidermal phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids) constitute a vital screen that protects the leaf from damage by natural ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The effectiveness of epidermal UV-screening depends on leaf anatomy, the content of UV-screening compounds and their spatial uniformity over the lea... | The spatial pattern of epidermal UV-screen over the area of oak leaves is related to leaf anatomy during development. In vivo spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging of the leaf surface showed the distribution of pigments within the leaf and hence can provide a tool to monitor optically the leaf development in nature. | yes |
19,562,031 | Do low-abundance HIV drug-resistant viral variants in treatment-experienced persons correlate with historical antiretroviral use? | {
"contexts": [
"It is largely unknown how frequently low-abundance HIV drug-resistant variants at levels under limit of detection of conventional genotyping (<20% of quasi-species) are present in antiretroviral-experienced persons experiencing virologic failure. Further, the clinical implications of low-abundanc... | Low-abundance HIV drug-resistant mutations in antiretroviral-experienced subjects at time of virologic failure can increase a subject's overall burden of resistance, yet commonly go unrecognized by conventional genotyping. The majority of unrecognized resistant mutations correlate with historical antiretroviral use. Ul... | yes |
19,570,754 | Do therapeutic efficacy of voriconazole against a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate in a vaginal model? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of oral versus intravaginal voriconazole and compare it with fluconazole for the treatment of experimental vaginitis caused by a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate.",
"Mice were treated with voriconazole at 5, 10 and... | Voriconazole could emerge as a new alternative for treatment of vaginal candidosis. | yes |
19,552,800 | Does blockade of advanced glycation end product formation attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been proposed to be involved in pulmonary fibrosis, but its role in this process has not been fully understood. To investigate the role of AGE formation in pulmonary fibrosis, we used a bleomycin (BLM)-stimulated rat model treated with aminoguanidine (A... | These findings suggest AGE formation may participate in the process of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and blockade of AGE formation by AG treatment attenuates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, which is implicated in inhibition of HSP47 expression and TGFbeta/Smads signaling. | yes |
19,552,804 | Does transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveal differential responses along the wheat genome? | {
"contexts": [
"Water stress during grain filling has a marked effect on grain yield, leading to a reduced endosperm cell number and thus sink capacity to accumulate dry matter. The bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS), a Chinese Spring terminal deletion line (CS_5AL-10) and the durum wheat cultivar Creso we... | Bread and durum wheat genotypes were characterized by a different physiological reaction to water stress and by a substantially different molecular response. The genome organization accounted for differences in the expression level of hundreds of genes located on the D genome or controlled by regulators located on the ... | yes |
19,555,471 | Does brain classification reveal the right cerebellum as the best biomarker of dyslexia? | {
"contexts": [
"Developmental dyslexia is a specific cognitive disorder in reading acquisition that has genetic and neurological origins. Despite histological evidence for brain differences in dyslexia, we recently demonstrated that in large cohort of subjects, no differences between control and dyslexic readers... | These results provide evidence for the existence of various subtypes of dyslexia characterized by different brain phenotypes. In addition, behavioural analyses suggest that these brain phenotypes relate to different deficits of automatization of language-based processes such as grapheme/phoneme correspondence and/or ra... | yes |
19,543,397 | Is increased frequency and compromised function of T regulatory cells in systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) related to a diminished CD69 and TGFbeta expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in the control of tolerance. Evidence implicates Tregs in human autoimmune conditions. Here we investigated their role in systemic sclerosis (SSc).",
"Patients were subdivided as having limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc, n = 20) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dc... | These results indicate that soluble factors in SSc plasma inhibit Treg function specifically that is associated with altered Treg CD69 and TGFbeta expression. These data suggest that a defective Treg function may underlie the immune dysfunction in systemic sclerosis. | yes |
19,560,121 | Does dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity predict responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"Given the variable response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) when added to antipsychotic medication in psychosis and the evidence for a role of pretherapy level of frontal lobe-based cognitive function in responsiveness to CBT in other disorders, this study examined whether pretherapy brain ... | DLPFC activity and its connectivity with the cerebellum predict responsiveness to CBT for psychosis in schizophrenia. These effects may be mediated by PFC-cerebellum contributions to executive processing. | yes |
19,560,122 | Is childhood sexual abuse associated with reduced gray matter volume in visual cortex of young women? | {
"contexts": [
"Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been associated with alterations in brain morphology using region of interest analyses that have focused on stress-sensitive target regions. This study was designed to ascertain the effects on gray matter volume (GMV) of exposure to CSA in healthy young adult coll... | Early visual experience exerts a strong influence on the developing mammalian visual cortex. Present findings indicate that exposure to CSA may also affect the development of this region and are apparent even in a population of subjects who are sufficiently healthy to matriculate. | yes |
19,560,123 | Does ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation correlate with impulsivity in alcoholics? | {
"contexts": [
"Alcohol dependence is often associated with impulsivity, which may be correlated with dysfunction of the brain reward system. We explored whether functional brain activation during anticipation of incentive stimuli is associated with impulsiveness in detoxified alcoholics and healthy control subj... | This study suggests that reduced ventral striatal recruitment during anticipation of conventional rewards in alcoholics may be related to their increased impulsivity and indicate possibilities for enhanced treatment approaches in alcohol dependence. | yes |
19,543,402 | Do antigen-presenting cells represent targets for R5 HIV-1 infection in the first trimester pregnancy uterine mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"During the first trimester of pregnancy, HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission is relatively rare despite the permissivity of placental cells to cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. The placenta interacts directly with maternal uterine cells (decidual cells) but the physiological role of the decidua in the... | The presence of HIV-1 target cells in the decidua in vitro and the low rate of in utero mother-to-child transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy suggest that a natural control occurs in vivo limiting cell-to-cell infection of the placenta and consequently infection of the fetus. | yes |
19,552,696 | Does duffy antigen expression on reticulocytes alter following blood loss in an autologous donation model? | {
"contexts": [
"The Duffy blood group (Fy) antigen functions as the receptor whereby the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax invades reticulocytes. In this study, we evaluated an autologous blood donation model to measure Fy expression during the anticipated response to blood loss.",
"This study aims to exami... | Baseline expression of Fy antigen on mature red blood cells and reticulocytes is quite variable between individuals, but appears not to be greatly affected by mild to moderate reticulocytosis following blood loss in an autologous blood donation model. | no |
19,552,690 | Does silibinin prevent amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulated evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in amyloid beta (Abeta)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to have antioxidative properties; however, it remains unclear whether silib... | Silibinin prevents memory impairment and oxidative damage induced by Abeta(25-35) and may be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. | yes |
19,561,025 | Do magnetic resonance investigations in Brugada syndrome reveal unexpectedly high rate of structural abnormalities? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent data suggest that sub-clinical structural abnormalities may be part of the Brugada syndrome (BrS) phenotype, a disease traditionally thought to occur in the structurally normal heart. In this study, we carried out detailed assessment of cardiac morphology and function using cardiac magneti... | CMRI detects a high prevalence of mild structural changes of the RV, and suggests further pathophysiological complexity in BrS. Prospective studies to assess the long-term evolution of such abnormalities are warranted. | yes |
19,541,671 | Does serotonin enhance platelet procoagulant properties and their activation induced during platelet tissue factor uptake? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulating tissue factor (TF) has been linked to thrombus propagation. Our group demonstrated that platelets possess mechanisms to capture TF-rich microvesicles (TF-MVs). Serotonin facilitates the development of platelets with increased procoagulant activity. An enhanced platelet serotonin uptak... | Serotonin enhances the interaction of platelets with TF-MVs, increases platelet activation, and potentiates their overall procoagulant activity. The present results could have significant implications in thrombus formation and in the thrombogenic profile of pathological situations with increased cardiovascular risk. | yes |
19,568,272 | Is cytoglobin upregulated by tumour hypoxia and silenced by promoter hypermethylation in head and neck cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytoglobin (Cygb) was first described in 2002 as an intracellular globin of unknown function. We have previously shown the downregulation of cytoglobin as a key event in a familial cancer syndrome of the upper aerodigestive tract.",
"Cytoglobin expression and promoter methylation were investi... | We conclude that the CYGB gene is regulated by both promoter methylation and tumour hypoxia in HNSCC and that increased expression of this gene correlates with clincopathological measures of a tumour's biological aggression. | yes |
19,563,924 | Do longitudinal changes of serum COMP and urinary CTX-II predict X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis severity and stiffness in women? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain the predictive role of longitudinally acquired biochemical measures of cartilage turnover in relation to X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis (OAK), knee pain and functioning.",
"This is a feasibility study based on 72 enrollees of the Michigan site of Study of Women's Health Across... | Multiple, biennial measures of COMP or CTX-II taken over a 10-year period were predictive of subsequent OAK and knee stiffness. | yes |
19,554,651 | Does pluronic L-81 ameliorate diabetic symptoms in db/db mice through transcriptional regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein? | {
"contexts": [
"To test whether oral L-81 treatment could improve the condition of mice with diabetes and to investigate how L-81 regulates microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity in the liver.",
"Genetically diabetic (db/db) mice were fed on chow supplemented with or without L-81 for 4 wk. T... | L-81 represents a promising candidate in the development of a selective insulin-mimetic molecule and an anti-diabetic agent. | yes |
19,546,835 | Is serum REG4 level a predictive biomarker for the response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is one of the key strategies for the improvement of survival in pancreatic cancer; however, no method to predict the response has yet been established. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of REG4, a new member of the regenerating... | These data demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that REG4 protein overexpression was associated with an unfavorable response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. REG4 can clinically be used as a predictive biomarker. | yes |
19,546,839 | Does protocol for management of imported pediatric malaria decrease time to medication administration? | {
"contexts": [
"A malaria management protocol was developed and implemented at a tertiary care children's hospital in September 1999. We retrospectively evaluated children admitted with malaria 10-years preimplementation and 7-years postimplementation to determine the impact the protocol had on management and ti... | After broad-based implementation of a malaria treatment protocol in a pediatric hospital, children received more thorough investigations, were more likely to receive therapy before leaving the ED and had a shorter delay before receiving appropriate antimalarial therapy. | yes |
19,549,716 | Does concordance of family and staff member report about end of life in assisted living and nursing homes? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify differences in perspectives that may complicate the process of joint decision making at the end of life, this study determined the agreement of family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences in nursing homes and residential care/assisted living communities and whether fam... | Family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences may differ substantially; efforts can be made to improve family-staff communication and interaction for joint decision making. | yes |
19,540,512 | Are clinical Neonatal Seizures Independently Associated with Outcome in Infants at Risk for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether neonatal seizures are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxia-ischemia independent of the presence and severity of brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).",
"We used multivariate regression to examine the independent effect of clin... | Clinical neonatal seizures in the setting of birth asphyxia are associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome, independent of the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether differences in seizure treatment can improve outcome. | yes |
19,540,497 | Is plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 ( ANGPTL3 ) concentration associated with uremic dyslipidemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiopoietin-like protein 3, a liver-derived plasma protein, increases plasma triglycerides (TG) in mice by suppressing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in plasma TG clearance. Uremic dyslipidemia is characterized by increased TG-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprot... | The reduced ANGPTL3 level in hemodialysis patients was consistently associated with the major components of uremic dyslipidemia. ANGPTL3 may be a novel factor contributing to uremic dyslipidemia. | yes |
19,549,257 | Does site of positive surgical margins influence biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the number and location of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy (RP) surgical specimens affect biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates.",
"The locations of PSMs were recorded for 1308 consecutive men who underwent RP between October 2000 and December 2006.... | About half of the men with PSMs in the RP surgical specimen in our prospective series did not develop BCR. The risk of BCR was dependent on the site and not the number of PSMs. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in cases with anterior and basilar PSMs due to the very high risk of BCR. | yes |
19,549,259 | Does the aggressiveness of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma increase with the severity of chronic kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess, in a retrospective cohort, urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC) in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their clinicopathological features, as patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a higher incidence of UT-UC, but the relationship between e... | The aggressiveness of UT-UC increased with the severity of CKD, and this might have important clinical consequences. | yes |
19,548,404 | Do removable dentures with implant support in strategic positions followed for up to 8 years? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to analyze prosthetic maintenance in partially edentulous patients with removable prostheses supported by teeth and strategic implants.",
"Sixty patients with removable partial prostheses and combined tooth-implant support were identified within the time period from ... | The placement of a few implants allows for maintaining a compromised residual dentition for support of RPDs. The combination of root and implant support facilitates treatment planning and enhances designing the removable denture. It also proves to be a practical rescue method. Technical problems with the anchorage syst... | yes |
19,563,291 | Is elevated plasma calcifediol associated with aggressive periodontitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin D is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases and plays a significant role in regulating bone metabolism. Serum calcifediol was demonstrated to be potentially associated with periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an association exists between plas... | Plasma calcifediol levels might be associated with periodontal inflammation. | yes |
19,563,298 | Do advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"It is evident that diabetes and periodontal disease are closely interrelated. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), coupled with exaggerated host responses to bacterial infection, may account for the increased periodontal destruction observed in patients with uncontrolled diabet... | AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis. | yes |
19,553,082 | Does multiplanar reconstruction of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography improve the presurgical assessment of mitral prolapse? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the value and accuracy of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiographic data sets in assessing mitral valve pathology in patients with surgical mitral valve prolapse (MVP).",
"Sixty-four patients with surgical ... | Interpretation of 3D transthoracic echocardiographic images with MPR improved the accuracy of the description of the MVP compared with 2D interpretation. This added value of 3D MPR was most important in extensive and/or commissural prolapse. | yes |
19,559,080 | Do flavonoids from Inula britannica L. inhibit injury-induced neointimal formation by suppressing oxidative-stress generation? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to investigate whether and how the total flavonoid extracts (TFE) from Inula britannica L. block neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rats.",
"Rats were administered orally TFE doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d by gastric gavage from 3 days before balloon injury to 14 d... | Our results suggest that TFE inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury, at least partly, by suppressing oxidative-stress generation. | yes |
19,561,473 | Does ghrelin hyporesponsiveness contribute to age-related hyperinflammation in septic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that hyporesponsiveness to ghrelin due to reduced growth hormone (GH) contributes to the aging-related hyperinflammatory state in sepsis.",
"Sepsis and septic shock are a serious problem, particularly in the geriatric population. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the ... | These findings suggest that the reduced central (brain) responsiveness to ghrelin due to the decreased GH, plays a major role in producing the hyperinflammatory state, resulting in severe organ injuries and high mortality after endotoxemia in aged animals. Ghrelin and GH can be developed as a novel therapy for sepsis i... | yes |
19,558,666 | Does it 's all about recognition ! Qualitative study of the value of interpersonal continuity in general practice? | {
"contexts": [
"Continuity of care has traditionally been regarded as a core quality of general practice, but the long-term doctor-patient relationship has been put under pressure. In many places practices are expanding, with larger teams and more registered patients, thereby threatening the possibility of patie... | It was not valuable to have a continuous relationship unless the GP recognized the patient. The social psychological concept of recognition had two different meanings and the GP had to do both, respect and remember the patient, in order to create and sustain the trustful relationship. The added value of interpersonal c... | yes |
19,558,667 | Are rodent-specific alternative exons more frequent in rapidly evolving genes and in paralogs? | {
"contexts": [
"Alternative splicing is an important mechanism for generating functional and evolutionary diversity of proteins in eukaryotes. Here, we studied the frequency and functionality of recently gained, rodent-specific alternative exons.",
"We projected the data about alternative splicing of mouse g... | Thus we demonstrated that recently gained exons tend to occur in fast-evolving genes, and their inclusion rate tends to be lower than that of older exons. This agrees with the theory that gain of alternative exons is one of the major mechanisms of gene evolution. | yes |
19,553,626 | Does common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene predict risk of diabetic retinopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in angiogenesis and microvascular permeability. This study was conducted to determine whether common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene plays a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR).",
"... | Sequence variation in the VEGFA gene is associated with risk of developing blinding DR in T1DM and T2DM. Identifying specific genetic markers will allow for refined screening algorithms and earlier intervention in patients at highest risk. | yes |
19,556,971 | Does prior exercise lower blood pressure during simulated night-work with different meal schedules? | {
"contexts": [
"Shift-work and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors for raised blood pressure (BP). Exercise can reduce BP in diurnally-active individuals, but it is unknown whether postexercise hypotension persists when people are active and eating at night. We present the first investigation into the acute e... | These data indicate that prior exercise lowers BP throughout a subsequent 8-h night-shift in healthy individuals within the normotensive range. Therefore, regular low-intensity exercise might moderate the well-known association between shift-work participation and raised BP. | yes |
19,540,526 | Do cpG oligonucleotides activate the immune response in burned mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Immunosuppression after burn injury increases the risk of sepsis and multiple organ failure. We examined changes of immune function in mice after burn injury and investigated the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs.",
"Male BALB/c mice (8-10 wk old) receive... | The reduction of class II antigen expression and synthesis of cytokines (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1) by splenic macrophages after burn injury was partially reversed by oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. Therefore, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides may be a potential... | yes |
19,557,556 | Does minimally invasive aortic valve replacement reduce atelectasis in cardiac intensive care? | {
"contexts": [
"Respiratory failure is a major complication after cardiac surgery. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini AVR) on the occurrence of left lower lobe atelectasis (LLLA) in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU).",
"98 patients were scheduled t... | Patients who had mini AVR had a significantly lower incidence of LLLA in the cardiac ICU than patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy. | yes |
19,555,933 | Are there age-related changes in neural connectivity during the encoding of positive , but not negative , information? | {
"contexts": [
"Older adults often show sustained attention toward positive information and an improved memory for positive events. Little is known about the neural changes that may underlie these effects, although recent research has suggested that older adults may show differential recruitment of prefrontal re... | These findings suggest that older adults' "positivity effect" may arise from age-related changes in the interactions between affect-processing regions and the hippocampus during the encoding of positive information. | yes |
19,561,521 | Does resistance exercise training improve heart function and physical fitness in stable patients with heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"This study determined the effect of a structured isotonic strength training (ST) program on left ventricular (LV) function (ejection fraction, stroke volume, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes) and physical fitness (6-minute walk test, upper body strength, lower body strength, and body co... | A short-term structured isotonic ST program appears to improve selected measures of resting LV function and fitness in patients with mild congestive heart failure. Additional studies utilizing larger numbers of subjects, including women, are needed. | yes |
19,555,621 | Does slower infusion of metoclopramide decrease the rate of akathisia? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the difference in incidence of acute akathisia related to the rate of infusion in patients receiving metoclopramide for acute nausea, vomiting, or migraine headache in the emergency department (ED).",
"Randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trial of patients aged 18 ye... | Slower infusion of metoclopramide reduces the incidence of akathisia. | yes |
19,555,620 | Does shortening of cardiopulmonary resuscitation time before the defibrillation worsen the outcome in out-of-hospital VF patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time before the first defibrillation.",
"The present study retrospectively analyzed the Utstein template records from April 1, 2002, to June 30, 2005. Patients who had out-of-hospital-witnessed car... | In patients with out-of-hospital-witnessed VF, sufficient CPR before the first defibrillation is considered to improve the neurologic outcome in comparison to the performance of immediate defibrillation. | yes |
19,543,085 | Does duration of treadmill exercise testing combined with QRS score predict adverse cardiac outcome at long-term follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"Total exercise duration and abnormal QRS score values are treadmill exercise testing (TET) prognostic parameters that have been shown to be significantly and independently associated with cardiac mortality. We evaluated the prognostic value of a new index (M score, Michaelides score) incorporatin... | This study shows that a new index termed the M score, which incorporates QRS score and exercise duration, predicts mortality and occurrence of myocardial infarction at long-term follow-up of high-risk individuals, independently of TET-induced ST-segment changes. | yes |
19,543,081 | Does resistance training reduce the blood pressure response of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine whether 16 weeks of resistance training (RT) can reduce the blood pressure response and improve the cardiovascular function of men aged 70-80 years during submaximum aerobic exercise.",
"Twenty-four men aged between 70 and 80 years were randomly as... | Sixteen weeks of RT significantly reduces the blood pressure response and improves the cardiovascular function of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise. Therefore, RT not only increases muscular strength and hypertrophy but also provides significant cardiovascular benefits for older individuals. | yes |
19,568,603 | Is expression of heat shock protein 60 kDa upregulated in cervical cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Cervical cancer caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) continues to be the cause of yearly death among women. However, it is a curable disease when diagnosed at an early stage. Recently, several researches have reported that heat shock protein (HSP) 60, a chaperone protein of molecular weight ... | These results suggest that HSP60 may be involved in the development of cervical cancer and have profound biological and prognostic significance. | yes |
19,563,446 | Does choline supplementation reduce oxidative stress in mouse model of allergic airway disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma is a multi-factorial inflammatory disease associated with increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defences. We have evaluated the effect of choline on oxidative stress in a mouse model of airway disease.",
"Balb/c mice were sensitised with 100 microg of ovalbumin on days 0 a... | Choline administration reduces oxidative stress possibly by modulating the redox status of the cell and inhibits inflammatory response in a mouse model. | yes |
19,557,866 | Does apolipoprotein E-dependent accumulation of Alzheimer disease-related lesions begin in middle age? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the prevalence and age dependency of senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), the brain changes characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD), and their association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes in a community-dwelling normal population.",
"This neuropathological st... | The brain changes associated with AD may already begin developing early in middle age, especially among APOE epsilon 4 carriers. | yes |
19,551,696 | Do anterior cingulate cortical volumes and treatment remission of geriatric depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Structural abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may interfere with the interaction of cortical and limbic networks involved in emotional regulation and contribute to chronic depressive syndromes in the elderly. This study examined the relationship of regional anterior cingulate co... | Structural abnormalities of the dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate may perpetuate late-life depression. | yes |
19,545,405 | Does coordination of opposing sex-specific and core muscle groups regulate male tail posture during Caenorhabditis elegans male mating behavior? | {
"contexts": [
"To survive and reproduce, animals must be able to modify their motor behavior in response to changes in the environment. We studied a complex behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans, male mating behavior, which provided a model for understanding motor behaviors at the genetic, molecular as well as cir... | Our results demonstrated that coordination of opposing sex-specific and core muscle groups, through the activity of multiple neurotransmitters, is required for regulation of male tail posture during mating. We have provided a simple model for regulation of male tail posture that provides a foundation for studies of how... | yes |
19,545,409 | Does bilobalide modulate serotonin-controlled behaviors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysfunctions in the serotonergic system have been implicated in several neurological disorders such as depression. Elderly individuals who have been diagnosed with clinical depression show elevated cases of neurodegenerative diseases. This has led to suggestions that modulating the serotonin (5-H... | These results suggest that bilobalide may modulate specific 5-HT receptor subtypes, which involves interplay with dopamine transmission. Additional studies for the function of bilobalide in neurotransmitter systems could aid in our understanding of its neuroprotective properties. | yes |
19,546,173 | Does atrial natriuretic peptide suppress endothelin gene expression and proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts through a GATA4-dependent mechanism? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone that has both antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties in the heart. We hypothesized that myocyte-derived ANP inhibits endothelin (ET) gene expression in fibroblasts.",
"We have investigated the mechanism(s) involved in the antiproliferative e... | Collectively, these findings suggest that locally produced ET-1 serves as an autocrine stimulator of fibroblast proliferation, that ANP produced in neighbouring myocytes serves as a paracrine inhibitor of this proliferation, and that the latter effect operates through a reduction in GATA4 phosphorylation and coincident... | yes |
19,563,792 | Is low catalase activity in blood associated with the diabetes caused by alloxan? | {
"contexts": [
"Hydrogen peroxide is enzymatically processed by catalase, and catalase deficiency in blood is known as acatalasemia. We examined whether low catalase activity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus.",
"Blood glucose, insulin and glucose tolerance test were examined in acatalasemic and normal ... | These results indicate that low catalase activity in the blood is associated with the diabetes mellitus caused by alloxan administration. | yes |
19,557,145 | Do physico-chemical characteristics of lipoplexes influence cell uptake mechanisms and transfection efficacy? | {
"contexts": [
"Formulation of DNA/cationic lipid complexes (lipoplexes) designed for nucleic acid delivery mostly results in positively charged particles which are thought to enter cells by endocytosis. We recently developed a lipoplex formulation called Neutraplex that allows preparation of both cationic and a... | These findings suggest that, in addition to endocytosis, lipoplexes may enter cell via a temperature-independent mechanism, which could be mediated by lipid mixing. Such characteristics might arise from the specific lipoplex ultrastructure and should be taken into consideration when developing lipoplexes designed for i... | yes |
19,570,762 | Do human intestinal epithelial cells promote the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells? | {
"contexts": [
"In mice, a subpopulation of gut dendritic cells (DCs) expressing CD103 drives the development of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. Further, it was recently described that the cross-talk between human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and DCs helps in maintaining gut immune homeostasis via the inducti... | A population of tolerogenic CD103+ DCs was identified in the human gut that probably differentiate in response to IEC-derived factors and drive T(reg) cell development. | yes |
19,553,712 | Does porphyromonas gingivalis decrease osteoblast proliferation through IL-6-RANKL/OPG and MMP-9/TIMPs pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, is closely associated with inflammatory alveolar bone resorption. This bacterium exerts its pathogenic effect indirectly through multiple virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and proteases. Another possible pathogen... | Overall, the results suggest that direct contact of P gingivalis with osteoblasts induces bone resorption through an inflammatory pathway that involves IL-6, RANKL/OPG, and MMP-9/TIMPs. | yes |
19,542,254 | Does qualitative analysis of high-resolution CT scan in severe asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"High-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning is part of the management of severe asthma, but its application varies between centers. We sought to describe the HRCT scan abnormalities of a large severe asthma cohort and to determine the utility of clinical features to direct the use of HRCT scanning in this... | HRCT scan abnormalities are common in patients with severe asthma. Nonradiologic assessments fail to reliably predict important bronchial wall changes; therefore, CT scan acquisition may be required in all patients with severe asthma. | yes |
19,557,603 | Does static magnetic field attenuate mortality rate of mice by increasing the production of IL-1 receptor antagonist? | {
"contexts": [
"Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder involving intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage. The aim of this study is to test whether static magnetic field (SMF) is effective in attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC.",
"In vivo ... | Exposure to an SMF increases the plasma levels of IL-1ra. This effect may inhibit the reduction in PLT in plasma, resulting in prevention in LPS induced DIC. | yes |
19,547,753 | Does bDNF activate mTOR to regulate GluR1 expression required for memory formation? | {
"contexts": [
"The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase plays a key role in translational control of a subset of mRNAs through regulation of its initiation step. In neurons, mTOR is present at the synaptic region, where it modulates the activity-dependent expression of locally-translated proteins indepen... | IN CONCLUSION, OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT: 1) mTOR-mediated mRNA translation is required for memory consolidation during at least two restricted time windows; 2) this kinase acts downstream BDNF in the hippocampus and; 3) it controls the increase of synaptic GluR1 necessary for memory consolidation. | yes |
19,546,390 | Does inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins promote therapeutic revascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) subunits are destabilized via the O(2)-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3). We investigated whether inhibition of PHDs via upregulating HIF might promote postischemic neovascularization.",
"Mice with right femora... | We demonstrated that a direct inhibition of PHDs, and more particularly PHD3, promoted therapeutic revascularization. Furthermore, we showed that activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway is required to promote this revascularization. | yes |
19,540,078 | Is the palmar fat pad a reliable intraoperative landmark during carpal tunnel release? | {
"contexts": [
"During endoscopic or open carpal tunnel release, a palmar fat pad is visualized immediately proximal to the distal end of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL). Visualization of the fat pad allows anticipation of complete release of the TCL without unnecessary distal dissection that could risk iat... | The palmar fat pad is a reliable anatomic landmark during carpal tunnel release. When dividing the TCL from proximal to distal, visualization of the proximal aspect of the fat pad indicates that the distal edge of the TCL is within approximately 2 mm and indicates that distal dissection beyond this extent is unnecessar... | yes |
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