pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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19,559,551 | Is contrast-enhanced ultrasound helpful in the differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the significance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examination in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign breast lesions.",
"Seventy-one patients with seventy-six breast tumors are selected randomly. CEUS examinations were performed before and after bolus injection of ... | CEUS cooperating with conventional US shows improved accuracy in differentiating between malignant and benign breast tumors. It could be a reliable diagnostic method of breast lesions. | yes |
19,569,914 | Does high expression of stathmin protein predict a fulminant course in medulloblastoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Stathmin, an important cytosolic phosphoprotein, is involved in cell proliferation and motility. This study was performed to elucidate the role of stathmin in the progression of medulloblastoma.",
"The expression of stathmin protein was examined by immunohistochemical staining of tumor sectio... | High stathmin expression correlates with tumor dissemination, is an important prognostic factor of medulloblastoma, and may serve as a useful marker for more intensive adjuvant therapies. | yes |
19,545,753 | Does gene transfer of calcitonin gene-related peptide suppress development of allograft vasculopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore suppression of allograft vasculopathy by transfer of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).",
"The descending thoracic aortas from Lewis rats were grafted to the abdominal aortas of F344 rats, and the rats were randomized into 2 groups. A gene construct containing sequences fr... | The expression of CGRP effectively suppressed the development of allograft vasculopathy and encroachment by lymphocytes and inflammatory cells. This reduced the levels of VCAM-1 to inhibit apoptosis induced by iNOS; thus, the tissue of the allografted vessel was protected and rejection was averted. | yes |
19,556,740 | Are genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter , but not the 2a receptor or nitric oxide synthetase , associated with pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is prognosti- cally important in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since PH only weakly correlates with hypoxemia, other factors must play a role.",
"To investigate whether polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5HTT), serotonin-2a receptor (5HTR2a... | In this COPD cohort we confirm that PH is frequent and usually mild, but out of proportion in a subgroup. We found a significant association of the L-allelic variant of 5HTT with PH overall and especially in out-of-proportion PH. These findings may point towards a role of the serotonin system in COPD-PH and warrant fur... | yes |
19,568,165 | Does expression of signal transduction genes differ after hypoxic or isoflurane preconditioning of rat hippocampal slice cultures? | {
"contexts": [
"Preconditioning neurons with noninjurious hypoxia (hypoxic preconditioning, HPC) or the anesthetic isoflurane (APC) induces tolerance of severe ischemic stress. The mechanisms of both types of preconditioning in the hippocampus require moderate increases in intracellular Ca and activation of prot... | Despite sharing similar upstream signaling and neuroprotective outcomes, the genomic response to APC and HPC is different. Increased expression of antiapoptosis genes after HPC and cell development genes after APC has implications both for neuroprotection and long-term effects of anesthetics. | yes |
19,539,269 | Does catechol-O-methyltransferase valine ( 158 ) methionine polymorphism modulate brain networks underlying working memory across adulthood? | {
"contexts": [
"Cognitive abilities decline with age with large individual variability. Genetic variations have been suggested to be an important source for some of this heterogeneity. Among these variations, those related to the dopaminergic system, particularly the valine(158)methionine polymorphism in catecho... | Our findings suggest that the COMTval(158)met polymorphism modulates both the activity and functional connectivity of brain regions within WM networks and most importantly that this effect is exaggerated with increasing age, contributing to the variability in age-related decline in executive cognition. | yes |
19,564,909 | Is the neovolcanic axis a barrier to gene flow among Aedes aegypti populations in Mexico that differ in vector competence for Dengue 2 virus? | {
"contexts": [
"Aedes aegypti is the main mosquito vector of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV). Previous population genetic and vector competence studies have demonstrated substantial genetic structure and major differences in the ability to transmit dengue viruses in Ae. aegypti populations in Mexico.",... | Barriers to gene flow in vector populations may also impact the frequency of genes that condition continuous and epidemiologically relevant traits such as vector competence. Further studies are warranted to determine why the NVA is a barrier to gene flow and to determine whether the differences in vector competence see... | yes |
19,568,227 | Does pancreatic neuropathy result in `` neural remodeling '' and altered pancreatic innervation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PCa) are characterized by intrapancreatic neuropathic alterations, including increased neural density and hypertrophy, pancreatic neuritis and neural invasion (NI) by cancer cells in PCa. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of these... | The quality of intrapancreatic nerve fibers and the activation state of intrapancreatic glia in CP and PCa are strikingly different from those in normal pancreas. This novel phenomenon of "neural remodeling" shows how pancreatic neuropathic pain and "visceral neuropathy" are associated with altered pancreatic innervati... | yes |
19,560,114 | Is childbearing associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome among women of reproductive age controlling for measurements before pregnancy : the CARDIA study? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to prospectively examine whether childbearing is associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) after delivery among women of reproductive age.",
"In 1451 nulliparas who were aged 18-30 years and free of the MetS at baseline (1985-1986) and reexamined up to 4 time... | Increasing parity is associated with future development of the MetS independent of prior obesity and pregnancy-related weight gain. Risk varies by GDM status. | yes |
19,566,922 | Is evidence that pairing with genetically similar mates maladaptive in a monogamous bird? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence of multiple genetic criteria of mate choice is accumulating in numerous taxa. In many species, females have been shown to pair with genetically dissimilar mates or with extra-pair partners that are more genetically compatible than their social mates, thereby increasing their offsprings' ... | These findings provide evidence that breeders in a genetically monogamous species may avoid the fitness costs of reproducing with a genetically similar mate. In such species that lack the opportunity to obtain extra-pair fertilizations, mate choice may therefore be under high selective pressure. | yes |
19,552,639 | Is chronic venous insufficiency associated with elevated level of circulating microparticles? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) results when the veins in the legs no longer pump blood back to the heart effectively. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles released by several circulating and vascular cells upon activation or apoptosis.",
"The purpose of this study was to asses... | The findings indicate that CVI is accompanied by an enhanced release of EMPs and PMPs that contribute to altered dysfunctional response of the venous wall. | yes |
19,552,636 | Are transmitochondrial embryonic stem cells containing pathogenic mtDNA mutations compromised in neuronal differentiation? | {
"contexts": [
"Defects of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) cause a series of rare, mainly neurological disorders. In addition, they have been implicated in more common forms of movement disorders, dementia and the ageing process. In order to try to model neuronal dysfunction associated with mitochondrial diseas... | Differentiated neurons carrying severely pathogenic mtDNA defects can provide a useful model for understanding how such mutations can cause neuronal dysfunction. | yes |
19,552,631 | Is irritable bowel syndrome strongly associated with generalized anxiety disorder : a community study? | {
"contexts": [
"No previous study has examined the comorbidity of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in a general population using standardized diagnostic methods.",
"To examine the prevalence, comorbidity and risk correlates of IBS and GAD in a general population.",
"A... | Irritable Bowel Syndrome and GAD comorbidity was common and added to impairment in the community. The strong association between psychiatric morbidity and IBS observed in referral centres was not a consequence of increased help-seeking behaviour. | yes |
19,557,655 | Does age influence anthropometric and fitness-related predictors of bone mineral in men? | {
"contexts": [
"This study assessed the influence of age on the predictors of bone mineral in men.",
"Middle-age (n = 41, 54 +/- 4 yrs) and older (n = 40, 69 +/- 5 yrs) men underwent grip and knee extensor strength tests, total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with regional analyses and a graded exercis... | Relationships of body composition, muscular strength and aerobic capacity to bone mineral are stronger in middle-age versus older men. | yes |
19,546,817 | Is pretreatment quality of life an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"We conducted this pooled analysis to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment Quality of Life (QOL) assessments on overall survival (OS) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).",
"Four hundred twenty patients with advanced NSCLC (stages IIIB with pleural effusion and IV) from six N... | Pretreatment QOL measured by Uniscale is a significant and an independent prognostic factor for OS, and QOL should be routinely integrated as a stratification factor in advanced NSCLC trials. | yes |
19,552,771 | Does a DNA microarray facilitate the diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis in environmental samples? | {
"contexts": [
"In order to improve the diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis in environmental samples, we established a DNA microarray based on the ArrayTube technology of Clondiag.",
"Total DNA of a bacterial colony is randomly biotinylated and hybridized to the array. The probes on the array target the virulenc... | This array clearly differentiates B. anthracis from members of the B. cereus group and other Bacillus species in environmental samples by chromosomal (rpoB) and plasmid markers. Additionally, recognition of B. cereus strains harbouring the toxin genes or atypical B. anthracis strains that have lost the virulence plasmi... | yes |
19,552,773 | Does a combination of assays reveal biomass differences in biofilms formed by Escherichia coli mutants? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to develop an assay system that can quantify the amount of biomass in biofilms formed by different isogenic mutants of an Escherichia coli K-12 strain.",
"The reported assay, which is based on the BacTiter-Glo assay from Promega, uses bioluminescence to detect the in... | The ATP assay, the crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy yielded similar results for six of the eight strains tested. For the remaining two strains, the images from the scanning electron microscopy confirmed the results from the ATP assay. | yes |
19,546,559 | Do pro-inflammatory cytokine genes influence the clinical features of frontotemporal lobar degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies suggested a role for pro-inflammatory mediators in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of functionally active polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes with the occurrence and the clinical features of the dise... | Our findings support a role for pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. | yes |
19,549,303 | Is p-gp activity a critical resistance factor against AVE9633 and DM4 cytotoxicity in leukaemia cell lines , but not a major mechanism of chemoresistance in cells from acute myeloid leukaemia patients? | {
"contexts": [
"AVE9633 is a new immunoconjugate comprising a humanized monoclonal antibody, anti-CD33 antigen, linked through a disulfide bond to the maytansine derivative DM4, a cytotoxic agent and potent tubulin inhibitor. It is undergoing a phase I clinical trial. Chemoresistance to anti-mitotic agents has b... | P-gp activity is not a crucial mechanism of chemoresistance to AVE9633. For patients whose resistance to conventional anthracycline AML regimens is related to ABC protein expression, a combination with AVE9633 could be beneficial. Other mechanisms such as microtubule alteration could play an important role in chemoresi... | yes |
19,539,762 | Are high levels of soluble Major Histocompatibility Complex class I related chain A ( MICA ) associated with biliary cast syndrome after liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"The biliary cast syndrome (BCS) is a frequent problem following liver transplantation. The pathogenesis of this complication is not well understood. Previous research has demonstrated that the soluble form of MICA (sMICA) is significantly higher in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatoce... | Biliary cast syndrome is more likely to develop in recipients who have post-transplant high levels of sMICA. The data suggested that sMICA might have some immunologic effect on BCS development following liver transplant. Monitoring of serum sMICA could have a prognostic value in assessment of patients with liver transp... | yes |
19,560,310 | Is perioperative asymptomatic cardiac damage after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair associated with poor long-term outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) is associated with a decreased incidence of perioperative cardiac complications compared with open repair. However, EVAR is not associated with long-term survival benefit. This study assessed the effect of perioperative asymptomatic cardi... | Asymptomatic cardiac damage in patients undergoing EVAR is associated with poor long-term outcome. Routine perioperative cardiac screening after EVAR might be warranted. | yes |
19,563,963 | Does local lentiviral short hairpin RNA silencing of CCR2 inhibit vein graft thickening in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E3-Leiden mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammatory responses to vascular injury are key events in vein graft disease and accelerated atherosclerosis, which may result in bypass failure. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 pathway is hypothesized to play a central role. A murine model for vein ... | Vascular CCR2 contributes to vein graft disease, and local application of shRNA against CCR2 to the vessel wall prevents vein graft thickening in hypercholesterolemic mice, suggesting that local overexpressing of shRNA using organ-targeted lentiviral gene delivery may be a promising therapeutic tool to improve vein gra... | yes |
19,563,347 | Is high seizure frequency prior to antiepileptic treatment a predictor of pharmacoresistant epilepsy in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Progress in the management of patients with medically intractable epilepsy is impeded because we do not fully understand why pharmacoresistance happens and how it can be predicted. The presence of multiple seizures prior to medical treatment has been suggested as a potential predictor of poor out... | The data from this study are in line with clinical experience that the frequency of seizures in the early phase of epilepsy is a dominant risk factor that predicts refractoriness. However, resistance to treatment also occurred in rats that did not differ in seizure frequency from responders, indicating that disease sev... | yes |
19,555,542 | Is the Beijing genotype associated with young age and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in rural Vietnam? | {
"contexts": [
"Associations between multidrug resistance and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype have been described mainly in populations with poor tuberculosis (TB) control such as prisons and inner cities, and may reflect shared risk factors rather than a biological association.",
"To study t... | In Vietnam, Beijing genotype is associated with young age and in new patients with multidrug resistance despite adequate TB control, suggesting a biological association. This potentially undermines the effectiveness of TB control in countries where Beijing genotype infections are common. | yes |
19,560,099 | Does exercise improve cognition and hippocampal plasticity in APOE epsilon4 mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Human studies on exercise, cognition, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype show that epsilon4 carriers may benefit from regular physical activity.",
"We examined voluntary wheel-running, memory, and hippocampal plasticity in APOE epsilon3 and APOE epsilon4 transgenic mice at 10-12 months of a... | Our results support the hypothesis that exercise can improve cognitive function, particularly in epsilon4 carriers. | yes |
19,568,192 | Does fatigue-induced ACL injury risk stem from a degradation in central control? | {
"contexts": [
"Fatigue contributes directly to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury via promotion of high risk biomechanics. The potential for central fatigue to dominate this process, however, remains unclear. With centrally mediated movement behaviors being trainable, establishing this link seems critical ... | Unilateral fatigue induces a fatigue crossover to the contralateral limb during single-leg landings. Central fatigue thus seems to be a critical component of fatigue-induced sports landing strategies. Hence, targeted training of central control processes may be necessary to counter successfully the debilitative impact ... | yes |
19,541,395 | Does enteral nutrition rapidly reverse total parenteral nutrition-induced impairment of hepatic immunity in a murine model? | {
"contexts": [
"Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) impairs host immunocompetence, a mechanism possibly underlying the high morbidity of infectious complications in critically ill patients. Our recent study demonstrated TPN to reduce the number and function of hepatic mononuclear cells (MNCs) and to worsen survival... | EN rapidly reverses TPN-induced impairment of hepatic immunity along with increased hepatic MNC numbers and LPS receptor expressions on Kupffer cells. | yes |
19,551,146 | Does stimulus familiarity affect perceptual restoration in the European starling ( Sturnus vulgaris )? | {
"contexts": [
"Humans can easily restore a speech signal that is temporally masked by an interfering sound (e.g., a cough masking parts of a word in a conversation), and listeners have the illusion that the speech continues through the interfering sound. This perceptual restoration for human speech is affected ... | The results suggest that starlings are able to perceptually restore partly masked sounds and, similarly to humans, rely on prior experience. They may be a suitable model to study the mechanism underlying experience-dependent perceptual restoration. | yes |
19,557,485 | Is plasma glucose and insulin regulation abnormal following gastric bypass surgery with or without neuroglycopenia? | {
"contexts": [
"Enhanced insulin sensitivity is commonly seen following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) whereas symptomatic hypoglycemia post-RYGB seems to occur infrequently. It is unclear how different plasma glucose and insulin responses are in patients with symptomatic hypoglycemia (SX-RYGB) versus t... | Plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose in patients with symptomatic hypoglycemia post-RYGB are minimally different when compared to individuals who remain asymptomatic, and both groups demonstrate hyperinsulinemia out of proportion to their degree of insulin sensitivity. | yes |
19,561,558 | Is failure to recover somatotropic axis function associated with mortality from pediatric sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the associations between mediators of the somatotropic axis and mortality from sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children; and to examine the relationship between immune function and the somatotropic axis in this setting.",
"Retrospective study using banked pla... | These data suggest that prolonged reduction of somatotropic axis function is associated with mortality from pediatric sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Reductions in innate and adaptive immune function are common in this population and are associated with failure of recovery of the somatotropic axis, ... | yes |
19,543,053 | Does interaction of programmed death-1 and programmed death-1 ligand-1 contribute to testicular immune privilege? | {
"contexts": [
"Immune responses are tempered in immunologically privileged sites including the testis. Previous studies have shown that islet transplantation in the testis significantly prolongs islet allograft survival. However, mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege and intratesticular allograft su... | The constitutive expression of PD-L1 in the testis is an important mechanism underlying testicular immune privilege and long-term survival of intratesticular islet allografts. | yes |
19,543,052 | Do mesenchymal stem cells prolong composite tissue allotransplant survival in a swine model? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), irradiation, or short-term immunosuppressant therapy could prolong composite tissue allotransplant survival in a swine hind-limb model.",
"Heterotopic hind-limb transplantation was p... | These results suggested that the regulatory activity of MSCs on T cells and GVHD might contribute to significant prolongation of composite tissue allotransplant survival in the MSC-BMT-CsA treatment. | yes |
19,543,055 | Does human CMV infection of porcine endothelial cells increase adhesion receptor expression and human leukocyte recruitment? | {
"contexts": [
"Potential xenozoonosis is a concern for the clinical application of xenotransplantation. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the most important pathogens in allotransplantation, but the consequences of HCMV cross-species infection of porcine xenografts are unknown. Therefore, we investigated t... | After pig-to-human solid organ transplantation HCMV may infect and activate the porcine endothelium, rendering the xenograft more susceptible to human leukocyte recruitment and rejection. | yes |
19,556,020 | Does second-hand smoke stimulate lipid accumulation in the liver by modulating AMPK and SREBP-1? | {
"contexts": [
"The underlying mechanisms of steatosis, the first stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes, remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that cigarette smoke is known to change circulating lipid profiles... | These novel findings are important because they point to another risk factor of smoking, i.e., that of contributing to NAFLD. In addition, our results showing that both AMPK and SREBP are critically involved in these effects of smoke point to the potential use of these molecules as targets for treatment of cigarette sm... | yes |
19,556,025 | Does disequilibrium between admitted and discharged hospitalized patients affect emergency department length of stay? | {
"contexts": [
"Most patients are admitted to the hospital through the emergency department (ED), and ED waiting times partly reflect the availability of inpatient beds. We test whether the balance between daily hospital admissions and discharges affects next-day ED length of stay.",
"We conducted a cross-se... | Disequilibrium between the number of admitted and discharged inpatients significantly affects next-day ED length of stay. Better matching of daily hospital discharges and admissions could reduce ED waiting times and may be more amenable to intervention than reducing admissions alone. The admission-discharge ratio may a... | yes |
19,567,476 | Is gender related to alterations of renal endothelial function in type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Gender has been shown to affect endothelial function of the forearm circulation in patients with type 2 diabetes, but data on the renal circulation are lacking. We hypothesized that renal vascular nitric oxide (NO) availability is higher, and oxidative stress lower, in female compared to male pat... | Our data demonstrate that NO availability in the renal circulation is greater in female than in male patients with type 2 diabetes that is associated with reduced levels of oxidative stress in females. The role of this gender-related difference in renal endothelial function for the initiation and progression of diabeti... | yes |
19,556,815 | Is pro-brain natriuretic peptide a sensitive marker for detecting cardiac metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP) are important diagnostic tools for patients with suspected cardiac disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of plasma NT-pro-BNP in identifying cardiac metastases in patients with non-small cell lung... | Plasma NT-pro-BNP is remarkably elevated in patients with NSCLC and myocardial/pericardial infiltrations and may be used as a sensitive marker for detecting cardiac metastases in these patients. | yes |
19,540,132 | Is hypoxemic resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock accompanied by reduced serum levels of angiopoietin-2? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are implicated in the hypoxemic resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock.",
"Twenty rabbits were subjected to hemorrhagic shock after blood exsanguination; resuscitation was performed by infusion of the she... | Hypoxemic resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock is a process accompanied by reduced serum levels of Ang2. These findings add significantly to our understanding of that experimental treatment strategy of resuscitation. | yes |
19,565,667 | Does two different doses of caudal neostigmine co-administered with levobupivacaine produce analgesia in children? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy duration of analgesia, and side effects of two different doses of caudal neostigmine used with levobupivacaine in children.",
"Sixty boys, between 5 months and 5 years, undergoing genitourinary surgery were allocated randomly to one of t... | Caudal neostigmine in doses of 2 and 4 microg.kg(-1) with levobupivacaine extends the duration of analgesia without increasing the incidence of adverse effects, and 2 microg.kg(-1) seems to be the optimal dose, as higher dose has no further advantages. | yes |
19,563,496 | Are smoking , sun exposure , number of nevi and previous neoplasias risk factors for melanoma in older patients ( 60 years and over )? | {
"contexts": [
"Malignant melanoma risk factors have been studied in different geographical area populations. However, no study has focused on risk factors which are more frequently associated to the over 60's age group.",
"A case-control study was performed that included 160 patients age > or = 60 years dia... | Tobacco smoking is an independent risk factor for cutaneous melanoma in the elderly. Intense (both acute and chronic) sun exposure and constitutional features, such as tumor susceptibility (NMSC, non-cutaneous neoplasias, and multiple nevi) are also associated with melanoma risk. All these factors should help to better... | yes |
19,567,497 | Is obstructive sleep apnea common in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"From 1984 to 2006, studies of sleep in patients with interstitial lung disease revealed disturbed sleep, frequent nocturnal desaturations, nocturnal cough, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our goal was to analyze OSA in an outpatient population of stable patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibro... | OSA is prevalent in patients with IPF and may be underrecognized by primary care providers and specialists. Neither ESS nor SA-SDQ alone or in combination was a strong screening tool. Given the high prevalence found in our sample, formal sleep evaluation and polysomnography should be considered in patients with IPF. | yes |
19,549,323 | Does cross-fostering alter the neurochemistry or behavior of spontaneously hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable developmental disorder resulting from complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The most widely used animal model, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), displays the major symptoms of ADHD (deficits in attention,... | The ADHD-like behavior of SHR and their neurochemistry is genetically determined and not dependent on nurturing by SHR dams. The similarity between WKY and SD supports the continued use of WKY as a control for SHR and suggests that SD may be a useful additional reference strain for SHR. The fact that SD behaved similar... | no |
19,542,480 | Is cigarette smoking associated with subclinical parenchymal lung disease : the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis ( MESA ) -lung study? | {
"contexts": [
"Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Risk factors for subclinical parenchymal lung disease have not been described.",
"To determine if cigarette smoking is associated with subclinical parenchymal lung disease, as measured by spirometric restriction and regi... | Smoking may cause subclinical parenchymal lung disease detectable by spirometry and CT imaging, even among a generally healthy cohort. | yes |
19,549,324 | Do investigations of fine-scale phylogeography in Tigriopus californicus reveal historical patterns of population divergence? | {
"contexts": [
"The intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus is a model for studying the process of genetic divergence in allopatry and for probing the nature of genetic changes that lead to reproductive isolation. Although previous studies have revealed a pattern of remarkably high levels of genetic divergence... | The use of sequence data at a fine-scale of resolution in this species has provided novel insights into the processes that have resulted in the accumulation of genetic divergence among populations. This divergence is likely to result from an interplay between a limited dispersal ability for this copepod and the tempora... | yes |
19,545,846 | Do ptosis and cranial nerve IV palsy reveal juvenile myasthenia gravis? | {
"contexts": [
"Ptosis and strabismus are 2 common presenting complaints of preschool-age patients. In both cases, these conditions can be benign and require no further workup. However, sudden onset of these findings can indicate a more serious neurologic problem. If a patient presents with multiple neurologic s... | Although rare, myasthenia should be considered a diagnosis in children who present with variable ptosis or strabismus. Patients can be successfully treated with medication. | yes |
19,545,370 | Does the HaDREB2 transcription factor enhance basal thermotolerance and longevity of seeds through functional interaction with HaHSFA9? | {
"contexts": [
"Transcription factor HaDREB2 was identified in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a drought-responsive element-binding factor 2 (DREB2) with unique properties. HaDREB2 and the sunflower Heat Shock Factor A9 (HaHSFA9) co-activated the Hahsp17.6G1 promoter in sunflower embryos. Both factors could ... | Our results reveal the functional interdependency of HaDREB2 and HaHSFA9 in seeds. HaDREB2 differs from other previously characterized DREB2 factors in plants in terms of its unique functional interaction with the seed-specific HaHSFA9 factor. No functional interaction between HaDREB2 and HaHSFA9 was observed when both... | yes |
19,567,512 | Is hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure prevented by opioid receptor blockade? | {
"contexts": [
"Repeated hypoglycemia is associated with hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF), a syndrome of defective counterregulation.",
"HAAF increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia in diabetes, although its mechanism remains unresolved. Because beta-endorphin influences the autonomic respo... | These data suggest that the opioid signaling system is a promising target for further studies to prevent HAAF. | yes |
19,560,633 | Do local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various local anesthetics on chondrocyte viability in articular cartilage by use of a bovine disk model.",
"Full-thickness bovine cartilage disks were isolated from the condylar surfaces of the radial-carpal joint by use of a 4-mm biopsy... | Our results suggest that local anesthetics (i.e., bupivacaine, lidocaine, or ropivacaine) can have a detrimental effect on chondrocyte viability in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. | yes |
19,561,584 | Does chlorhexidine gel reduce incidence of alveolar osteitis after extraction of the mandibular third molars? | {
"contexts": [
"A randomised, prospective clinical trial with parallel groups was carried out in a single centre.",
"The experimental (gel) group (n=41) applied a bioadhesive 0.2% chlorhexidine gel to the wound during the first postoperative week and a control (rinse) group (n=32) used a 0.12% (v/v) chlorhex... | It was concluded that the topical application of bioadhesive chlorhexidine gel to the surgical wound during the postoperative week may decrease the incidence of alveolar osteitis after extraction of the mandibular third molars. | yes |
19,570,139 | Is preemptive therapy adequate for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in pancreas-kidney transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains the most common viral infection after pancreas-kidney transplantation (PKT). Comparative studies about CMV prophylaxis in PKT have not been developed.",
"We analyzed CMV disease in a cohort of 84 PKT recipients. All received intravenous ganciclovir during treatme... | According to the results of our study, for CMV-seropositive PKT recipients, CP is a better strategy than PT. For CMV-seronegative recipients, 3 months of CP is an inadequate strategy. | no |
19,540,918 | Is vascular deposition of complement C4d increased in liver allografts with chronic rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"Complement protein C4d has been used as a marker of antibody mediated rejection in kidney allografts. C4d has been shown to be deposited also in chronic kidney allograft rejection, and frequently in acute liver allograft rejection. In chronic liver allograft rejection there is limited data of C4d... | The complement system and anti-donor antibodies may contribute to the process of chronic allograft rejection in the liver. | yes |
19,540,911 | Do intracellular oxidative stress and cadmium ions release induce cytotoxicity of unmodified cadmium sulfide quantum dots? | {
"contexts": [
"To fully understand the cytotoxicity of after-degradation QDs, we synthesized CdS QDs and investigated its toxicity mechanism.",
"Biomimetic method was proposed to synthesize cadmium sulfide (CdS) QDs. Thereafter MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was co... | Intracellular ROS production, GSH depletion, and cadmium ions (Cd(2+)) release are possible mechanisms for CdS QDs' cytotoxicity. We also suggested that with QD concentration increasing, the principal toxicity mechanism changes from intracellular oxidative stress to Cd(2+) release. | yes |
19,552,975 | Does l-carnitine reduce doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through a prostacyclin-mediated pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical use of doxorubicin is greatly limited by its severe cardiotoxic side effects. L-carnitine is a vitamin-like substance which has been successfully used in many cardiomyopathies, however, the intracellular mechanism(s) remain unclear. The objective of this study was set to evaluate the pro... | These findings suggest that L-carnitine protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in part through PGI(2) and PPARα-signaling pathways, which may potentially protect the heart from the severe toxicity of doxorubicin. | yes |
19,551,406 | Does dNA methylation regulate constitutive expression of Stat6 regulatory genes SOCS-1 and SHP-1 in colon cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Stat6 signaling is active in cancer cells and IL-4-induced Stat6 activities or Stat6 activational phenotypes vary among cancer cells. This study aimed at investigating possible mechanism(s) involved in the formation of varying Stat6 activities/phenotypes.",
"Stat6 regulatory genes, SOCS-1 and... | These findings suggest that DNA methylation controls the constitutive expression of negative Stat6 regulatory genes, which may affect Stat6 activities. | yes |
19,567,826 | Does precessation treatment with nicotine patch significantly increase abstinence rates relative to conventional treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have reported that smoking abstinence rates are increased when nicotine skin patch treatment is initiated prior to the target quit smoking date, as compared with conventional treatment beginning on the quit date. We hypothesized that smoking in the presence of continuous levels o... | In view of these findings and similar results from previous studies, current labeling of the nicotine patch, which recommends using nicotine replacement therapy only after the quit date, should be reexamined. | yes |
19,567,019 | Does [ Interference of osteopontin expression inhibit the invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of osteopontin (OPN) on the invasion and metastasis of human hapatocellular carcinoma (HCC).",
"HCC cell lines (HCC-LM3) were transfected with the chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA). Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to quantify the mRNA and ... | The specific siRNA is able to reduce the OPN expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and significantly inhibits the invasiveness of HCC cells. | yes |
19,546,105 | Does mR spectroscopy indicate diffuse multiple sclerosis activity during remission? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that diffuse abnormalities precede axonal damage and atrophy in the MRI normal-appearing tissue of relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and that these processes continue during clinical remission.",
"Twenty-one recently diagnosed mildly disabled (m... | The absence of early tissue atrophy and apparent axonal dysfunction (NAA loss) in these RR MS patients suggests that both are preceded by diffuse glial proliferation (astrogliosis), as well as possible inflammation, demyelination and remyelination reflected by elevated mI, Cho and Cr, even during clinical remission and... | yes |
19,558,711 | Does truncation in the tcdC region of the Clostridium difficile PathLoc of clinical isolates predict increased biological activity of Toxin B or Toxin A? | {
"contexts": [
"The increased severity of disease associated with the NAP1 strain of Clostridium difficile has been attributed to mutations to the tcdC gene which codes for a negative regulator of toxin production. To assess the role of hyper-production of Toxins A and B in clinical isolates of Clostridium diffi... | Our data do not support a direct role for alterations in the tcdC gene as a predictor of hyperproduction of Toxin A and B in NAP1-related strains. | no |
19,561,363 | Does preoperative 6-minute walk test add prognostic information to Euroscore in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors investigated the additive prognostic value of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) to Euroscore in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) METHODS AND RESULTS: 208 patients with severe AS underwent the 6MWT before AVR, as part of a randomised trial (ASS... | The 6MWT is safe and feasible to carry out in patients with severe aortic stenosis before AVR, and provides potentially important functional and prognostic information to clinical assessment and the Euroscore risk score. | yes |
19,557,019 | Does high glucose attenuate insulin-induced VEGF expression in bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of high glucose on insulin-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells (BRECs) and to probe into related mechanisms.",
"BRECs were isolated as primary cultures and identified by immunostaining. Passag... | Both insulin and high glucose can markedly increase VEGF expression in BRECs at the mRNA and protein level. We propose that insulin may upregulate VEGF expression through the PI3-K signalling pathway in BRECs, and high glucose may attenuate insulin-induced VEGF expression by impairing PI3-K signalling pathways. | yes |
19,564,755 | Does a novel biomechanical device improve gait pattern in patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain? | {
"contexts": [
"A retrospective study on patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP).",
"To describe the gait stride characteristics of patients with chronic NSLBP, and to examine the effect of a novel biomechanical device on the gait stride characteristics of these patients.",
"Patient with ... | Patients with NSLBP treated with the novel biomechanical device for 3 months increased walking speed through longer step length and eliminated asymmetrical differences. | yes |
19,565,483 | Do pan-DR-binding Hsp60 self epitopes induce an interleukin-10-mediated immune response in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Human Hsp60 is expressed in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can elicit a regulatory T cell response in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid. However, Hsp60 can also trigger strong proinflammatory pathways. Thus, to understand the nature of these Hsp60-directed respons... | These results suggest a disease-specific immune-modulatory role of epitope-specific T cells in the inflammatory processes of RA. Therefore, these pan-DR-binding epitopes could be used as a tool to study the autoreactive T cell response in RA and might be suitable candidates for use in immunotherapy. | yes |
19,560,102 | Are elevated C-reactive protein levels associated with prevalent dementia in the oldest-old? | {
"contexts": [
"C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation that is increased in the brain and serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and has been associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Inflammation increases with age, and the number of people reaching age 90 years ... | In the oldest-old, high CRP levels are associated with increased odds of all-cause dementia, particularly in women. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm whether increased CRP levels are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia in this age group. | yes |
19,545,749 | Do mesenchymal stem cells treated with rat pancreatic extract secrete cytokines that improve the glycometabolism of diabetic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under favorable conditions secrete a spectrum of cytokines that promote the survival of surrounding cells via paracrine mechanisms. We explored the impact of rat pancreatic extract (RPE) on cytokine secretion by MSCs and examined the influence of administration of co... | RPE enhanced the secretion of cytokines by MSCs. MSCs in the pancreatic microenvironment may exert indirect salutary effects via paracrine mediators on injured pancreatic cells in an STZ-induced diabetic animal model. The secreted factors may exert their therapeutic benefits by preventing apoptosis of pancreatic beta c... | yes |
19,543,298 | Are the expression of efflux and uptake transporters regulated by statins in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Statin disposition and response are greatly determined by the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes and efflux/ uptake transporters. There is little information on the regulation of these proteins in human cells after statin therapy. In this study, the effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on... | These findings reveal that statins exhibits differential effects on mRNA expression of drug transporters, and this effect depends on the cell type. Furthermore, alterations in the expression levels of drug transporters in the liver and/or intestine may contribute to the variability in oral disposition of statins.Acta P... | yes |
19,542,799 | Are multiple active myofascial trigger points and pressure pain sensitivity maps in the temporalis muscle related in women with chronic tension type headache? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the common locations of active trigger points (TrPs) in the temporalis muscle and their referred pain patterns in chronic tension type headache (CTTH), and to determine if pressure sensitivity maps of this muscle can be used to describe the spatial distribution of active TrPs.",
"... | Multiple active TrPs in the temporalis muscle were found, particularly in the anterior column and in the middle of the muscle belly. Bilateral posterior to anterior decreased distribution of PPTs in the temporalis muscle in women with CTTH was found. The locations of active TrPs in the temporalis muscle corresponded we... | yes |
19,548,142 | Do human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor transplants in collagen scaffolds promote recovery in injured rat spinal cord? | {
"contexts": [
"Several studies have reported functional improvement after transplantation of in vivo-derived neural progenitor cells (NPC) into injured spinal cord. However, the potential of human embryonic stem cell-derived NPC (hESC-NPC) as a tool for cell replacement of spinal cord injury (SCI) should be con... | These findings show that transplantation of hESC-NPC in collagen scaffolds into an injured spinal cord may provide a new approach to SCI. | yes |
19,545,467 | Is overweight in dogs , but not in cats , related to overweight in their owners? | {
"contexts": [
"To quantify the environmental component of aetiology of overweight and obesity by examining the relationship between the degree of overweight in dogs and cats and the degree of overweight in their owners.",
"Cross-sectional study. Main outcome measures of the owners were weight, height (statu... | The degree to which dogs are overweight is, in contrast to the degree to which cats are overweight, related to the BMI of their owners. | yes |
19,552,493 | Is post-fracture prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements alone or , in females , with concomitant anti-osteoporotic drugs associated with lower mortality in elderly hip fracture patients : a prospective analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Several studies have shown excess mortality among hip fracture patients compared with the normal population of the same age. Finnish guidelines for medical treatment of hip fracture patients recommend anti-osteoporosis medication and the daily concomitant use of prescribed calcium and vitamin D s... | Our results indicate a potential relationship between reduced mortality and post-fracture use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and, in females, concomitant use of anti-osteoporotic drugs. However, further investigations are needed to understand the reason for the reduction in the risk of death. Popu... | yes |
19,547,708 | Does histamine H ( 3 ) receptor-mediated signaling protect mice from cerebral malaria? | {
"contexts": [
"Histamine is a biogenic amine that has been shown to contribute to several pathological conditions, such as allergic conditions, experimental encephalomyelitis, and malaria. In humans, as well as in murine models of malaria, increased plasma levels of histamine are associated with severity of inf... | Our data suggest that histamine regulation through the H3R in the brain suppresses the development of CM. Thus modulating histamine signaling in the central nervous system, in combination with standard therapies, may represent a novel strategy to reduce the risk of progression to cerebral malaria. | yes |
19,548,265 | Does abnormal Shh and FOXC2 expression correlate with aberrant lymphatic development in human fetuses with increased nuchal translucency? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous research in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) showed abnormal lymphatic endothelial differentiation characteristics, including increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression, and aberrant smooth muscle cells (SMCs) surrounding enlarged jugular lymphatic sa... | Increased Shh and VEGF-A expression is correlated with an aberrant lymphatic endothelial differentiation in trisomy 21 fetuses. The SMCs surrounding the JLS can possibly be explained by an increase of PDGF-B-induced SMC recruitment and/or differentiation. This underscores earlier findings that indicate the loss of lymp... | yes |
19,544,757 | Is neighborhood of residence associated with daily adherence to CPAP therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea is poor. Risk factors for nonadherence are not well understood but may reflect individual or neighborhood socioeconomic factors. We sought to determine the association of socioeconomic status and initial C... | In a retrospective cohort of veterans, initial CPAP adherence was closely associated with higher neighborhood socioeconomic factors. Future investigation should target specific impediments to adherence in the home and neighborhood environment. | yes |
19,561,144 | Is previous hepatitis a virus infection related to slower psychomotor speed in elderly adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with chronic viral hepatitis are at a higher risk for cognitive dysfunction. Little is known about the association between hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and cognitive function.",
"From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002, we selected study participants... | HAV seropositivity is associated with slower psychomotor speed among the U.S. community-dwelling elders. | yes |
19,541,776 | Does cT assessment of woodworkers ' nasal adenocarcinomas confirm the origin in the olfactory cleft? | {
"contexts": [
"Endoscopic endonasal surgery let us observe that woodworkers' nasal adenocarcinomas originate in the olfactory cleft. Our aim was the identification of CT imaging features that corroborate the olfactory cleft as the site of origin for woodworkers' adenocarcinoma.",
"We designed a retrospectiv... | Radiologists should suspect nasal adenocarcinoma on sinus CT scans showing a unilateral expanding opacity of the olfactory cavity. | yes |
19,546,541 | Does endogenous activated protein C predict hemorrhagic transformation and mortality after tissue plasminogen activator treatment in stroke patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Activated protein C (APC) is a plasma serine protease with systemic anticoagulant and a wide spectrum of cytoprotective activities that has been proposed as a promising therapy for acute stroke. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of endogenous APC in human ischemic stroke.",
"Our ta... | A high endogenous APC level 2 h after t-PA administration is independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation and mortality in our cohort of stroke patients. Establishing any causal link for these relationships needs further research. | yes |
19,545,787 | Does celastrol potentiate radiotherapy by impairment of DNA damage processing in human prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Celastrol is an active ingredient of traditional herbal medicine and has recently been identified as a potent natural proteasome inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing potential of celastrol in the human prostate cancer PC-3 model.",
"Clonogenic assays were perform... | Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo by impairing DNA damage processing and augmenting apoptosis. Celastrol might represent a promising new adjuvant regimen for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. | yes |
19,554,100 | Are gender differences in the motivational processing of babies determined by their facial attractiveness? | {
"contexts": [
"This study sought to determine how esthetic appearance of babies may affect their motivational processing by the adults.",
"Healthy men and women were administered two laboratory-based tasks: a) key pressing to change the viewing time of normal-looking babies and of those with abnormal facial... | These results indicate that gender differences in the motivational processing of babies include excessive (relative to the esthetic valuation) motivation to extend the viewing time of normal babies by men vs. shortening the exposure to the abnormal babies by women. Such gender-specific incentive sensitization phenomeno... | yes |
19,561,230 | Are v600E BRAF mutations alternative early molecular events in a subset of KIT/PDGFRA wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours? | {
"contexts": [
"A small subset (10-15%) of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) lack mutations in KIT and PDGFRA (wild-type GIST). Recently, a novel BRAF exon 15 mutation (V600E) was detected in imatinib-naive wild-type high-risk intestinal GISTs (4%). However, the frequency and distribution of BRAF mutation... | BRAF mutations represent an alternative molecular pathway in the early tumorigenesis of a subset of KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs and are per se not associated with a high risk of malignancy. Mutations in KIT, PDGFRA and BRAF were mutually exclusive in this study. Results from this and a previous study indicate that BRAF-... | yes |
19,562,729 | Are common variants in 8q24 associated with risk for prostate cancer and tumor aggressiveness in men of European ancestry? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent whole genome association studies have independently identified multiple prostate cancer (PC) risk variants on 8q24. We have evaluated association of common variants in this region with PC susceptibility and tumor aggressiveness in a sample of European American men.",
"Forty-nine taggin... | Although this study does not directly confirm associations of the three specific SNPs (cited above), it corroborates reported signals of association in 8q24 reaffirming that genetic variation on 8q24 influences susceptibility to PC in men of European ancestry. Although our study did not confirm the allelic association ... | yes |
19,556,162 | Does format change of a laboratory test order form affect physician behavior? | {
"contexts": [
"Our study was designed to find whether a change in physician ordering of laboratory testing could be obtained by the simple strategy of changing the set-up of the check-box laboratory order form that is embedded in a computerized medical record.",
"This prospective intervention study was unde... | Changes in format of laboratory test order forms can change physician test ordering and may be useful together with other interventions to improve appropriateness of laboratory testing. A thoughtfully built test ordering form can reinforce clinical guidelines for the performance of some preventive testing and follow-up... | yes |
19,542,761 | Does endogenous and exogenous thioredoxin 1 prevent goblet cell hyperplasia in a chronic antigen exposure asthma model? | {
"contexts": [
"Goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in bronchial asthma. We have reported that thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), a redox (reduction/oxidation)-active protein acting as a strong antioxidant, inhibits pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and producti... | Our results suggest that TRX1 prevents the development of goblet cell hyperplasia, and also ameliorates established goblet cell hyperplasia. | yes |
19,542,764 | Does polyclonal IgE induce mast cell survival and cytokine production? | {
"contexts": [
"Ag-dependent activation of IgE-bearing mast cells is a critical first step in immediate hypersensitivity and other allergic responses. Recent studies have revealed Ag-independent effects of monoclonal mouse IgE molecules on mast cell survival and activation. However, no studies have been performe... | These results imply that polyclonal IgE in atopic dermatitis and other atopic conditions might modulate mast cell number and function, thus amplifying the allergic response. | yes |
19,545,383 | Does type-1 Collagen differentially alter beta-catenin accumulation in primary Dupuytren 's Disease cord and adjacent palmar fascia cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dupuytren's Disease (DD) is a debilitating contractile fibrosis of the palmar fascia characterised by excess collagen deposition, contractile myofibroblast development, increased transforming growth factor-beta levels and beta-catenin accumulation. The aim of this study was to determine if a coll... | Our findings implicate type-1 collagen as a previously unrecognized regulator of beta-catenin accumulation and a modifier of TGF-beta1 signaling specifically in primary DD cells. These data have implications for current treatment modalities as well as the design of in vitro models for research into the molecular mechan... | yes |
19,568,698 | Do polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase genes increase risk of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence differentially by ethnicity and disease severity? | {
"contexts": [
"Genetic polymorphisms that modify the detoxifying activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can affect the level of carcinogenic metabolites created by endogenous steroid hormones and exogenous chemical substances. Although the GSTM1 null genotype has been shown to increase prostate cancer mo... | Our results suggest GSTs may hold promise as therapeutic targets in more advanced prostate cancers, particularly, in African-Americans. | yes |
19,539,523 | Does temporo-parietal theta activity correlate with misery perfusion in arterial occlusive disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Temporo-parietal theta activity (TPTA), often detected in hemispheres with internal carotid (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusive lesions, is more clearly separated from occipital alpha activity by magnetoencephalography (MEG) than electroencephalography. The present study investigated ... | The presence of TPTA suggests misery perfusion, which is characterized by reduced rCBF and reduced rCVR. | yes |
19,564,819 | Do asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts demonstrate enhanced potential to differentiate into myofibroblasts in culture? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic inflammation and remodeling of the bronchial wall are basic hallmarks of asthma. It is known that mesenchymal cells in the lamina reticularis underlying the basement membrane of the thickened airway wall of asthmatics predominantly display the phenotype of myofibroblasts and express alpha... | It is concluded that asthmatic HBFs cultured in vitro display some inherent features which facilitate their differentiation into myofibroblasts. These data indicate that increased reactivity of asthmatic fibroblasts to TGF-beta may play a crucial role in asthma. | yes |
19,564,046 | Is severe affective and behavioral dysregulation in youth associated with increased serum TSH? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship of bipolar disorder (BD) and altered thyroid function is increasingly recognized. Recently, a behavioral phenotype of co-occurring deviance on the Anxious/Depressed (A/D), Attention Problems (AP), and Aggressive Behavior (AB) syndrome scales has been identified as the Child Behav... | This is the first study to demonstrate associations between CBCL-DP and subclinical hypothyroidism. Future research should address the long-term outcome of CBCL-DP with coexisting hypothyroidism, the potential benefits of supplementation with thyroid hormone, and the association between severe dysregulation and the bip... | yes |
19,564,045 | Do a prospective study of the diagnostic utility of sputum Gram stain in pneumonia? | {
"contexts": [
"Sputum Gram stain and culture have been said to be unreliable indicators of the microbiological diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. The etiological diagnosis of pneumonia is surrounded by great degree of uncertainty. This uncertainty should be and can be calculated and incorporated in the diagnosis... | Sputum Gram stain is a dependable diagnostic test for the early etiological diagnosis of bacterial CAP that helps in choosing orthological and appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. | yes |
19,553,593 | Does submandibular TCD approach detect post-bulb ICA stenosis in children with sickle cell anemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound is a procedure commonly used to screen individuals with the major hemoglobin S diseases, Hb SS and Hb S-beta(0), for significant stenoses in the circle of Willis. Flow velocities above 200 cm/s have been shown to identify patients at elevated risk for cerebra... | The submandibular approach, when added to a standard transcranial Doppler examination, may increase the sensitivity of this technique to identify important potential sources of cerebral infarction. | yes |
19,544,233 | Are ultrasound characteristics of breast fibroadenomas related to clinical and histological parameters? | {
"contexts": [
"We hypothesized that ultrasound characteristics of breast fibroadenomas (FA) vary in relation to the clinical and histological parameters: patient age, tumor size and histological classification.",
"Eleven ultrasound characteristics frequently observed in breast tumors were defined before the... | Histological type, tumor size and patient age significantly influence ultrasound characteristics of breast FA. This might be helpful to consider when breast lesions are classified and decisions for biopsies are made. | yes |
19,558,475 | Do the overlap syndrome of depression and delirium in older hospitalized patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To measure the prevalence, predictors, and posthospitalization outcomes associated with the overlap syndrome of coexisting depression and incident delirium in older hospitalized patients.",
"Secondary analysis of prospective cohort data from the control group of the Delirium Prevention Trial.... | The overlap syndrome of depression and delirium is associated with significant risk of functional decline, institutionalization, and death. Efforts to identify, prevent, and treat this condition may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients. | yes |
19,560,557 | Does new model for end stage liver disease improve prognostic capability after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt? | {
"contexts": [
"Cirrhotic patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for refractory ascites or recurrent variceal bleeding are at risk for decompensation and death. This study examined whether a new model for end stage liver disease (MELD), which incorporates serum sodium (MELDNa), ... | MELDNa performed better than MELD in predicting death or transplant after non-emergent TIPS, especially in patients with low MELD scores. A MELD score <or=18 can provide a false positive prognosis; a MELDNa score <or=15 provides a more accurate risk prediction. | yes |
19,560,556 | Are pancreas and liver injury associated in individuals with increased alcohol consumption? | {
"contexts": [
"Although chronic pancreatitis and liver cirrhosis are common sequelae of excess alcohol consumption, the 2 conditions are rarely associated. We studied the prevalence of simultaneous liver cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics.",
"Postmortem autopsy data from 620 individuals with a... | Contrary to common belief there is a close association between pancreatic and hepatic injury in patients with increased alcohol consumption, and the degree of organ damage between the 2 organs correlate. | yes |
19,558,533 | Is systemic chemerin related to inflammation rather than obesity in type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"The adipokine chemerin modulates the function of innate immune cells and may link obesity and inflammation, and therefore, a possible relation of chemerin to inflammatory proteins in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was analysed. As visceral fat contributes to systemic inflammation, chemerin was... | Visceral fat is not a major site of chemerin release, and elevated systemic levels of chemerin in obesity and T2D seem to be associated with inflammation rather than body mass index. | yes |
19,560,836 | Does expression of Bcl-2 predict outcome in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The determination of parameters that may predict the result of the treatment has strong clinical implications.",
"Pretreatment tumor biopsy specimen... | High expression of Bcl-2 may be a useful prognostic factor in locally advanced NSCLC patients treated with cisplatin-based CCRT. | yes |
19,563,934 | Do the characteristics of concomitant thyroid nodules cause false-positive ultrasonography results in primary hyperparathyroidism? | {
"contexts": [
"Concomitant thyroid nodules are the most common reason for false-positive ultrasonography (US) results in primary hyperparathyroidism. The aims of this prospective clinical study were to evaluate false-positive US results according to the characteristics of concomitant thyroid nodules and to dete... | Although there was no particular characteristic of concomitant thyroid nodules that contributes to false-positive US results, the posteriorly located thyroid nodules were the strongest correlate for the false-positive US results to other features. | yes |
19,567,139 | Are human bocavirus infections common in Beijing population indicated by sero-antibody prevalence analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified human parvovirus that was originally detected in the respiratory secretions of children with respiratory infections. This study aimed to learn about the importance of HBoV infections by revealing the prevalence of serum antibodies against HBoV in Beiji... | The data suggest that HBoV has been circulating in Beijing population for at least over 10 years, and most of children had been exposed to HBoV by age of 7 years. Higher HBoV antibody positive rate shown in the serum specimens collected in 2005 suggested that infections by HBoV have been increased in Beijing population... | yes |
19,545,339 | Does acute evaluation of transthoracic impedance vectors using ICD lead? | {
"contexts": [
"Minute ventilation (MV) has been proven to be very useful in rate responsive pacing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads as part of the MV detection system.",
"At implant in 10 patients, the transthoracic impedance ... | The air sensitivity and SNR in tripolar and tetrapolar ICD lead vectors did not differ significantly and were in the range of the values in pacemaker leads currently used as MV sensors. The good correlations between impedance-based and Korr-based RespR and MV measurements imply that ICD leads may be used in MV sensor s... | yes |
19,553,806 | Does elevated elafin/trappin-2 in the female genital tract is associate with protection against HIV acquisition? | {
"contexts": [
"Globally, heterosexual intercourse is the primary route of HIV-1 (HIV) transmission. It follows that mechanisms that protect against HIV infection are likely operative at the genital mucosa. In HIV-resistant Kenyan sex workers who are highly exposed to HIV infection yet remain uninfected, protect... | Using a unique proteomics approach in a large scale, cross-sectional cohort study, we identified elafin/trappin-2 as a novel innate immune factor, which is highly associated with resistance. This association was confirmed within an independent, prospective cohort study. Genital tract elafin/trappin-2 levels constitute ... | yes |
19,560,760 | Is higher hospital volume associated with lower mortality in acute nonvariceal upper-GI hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute nonvariceal upper-GI hemorrhage (NVUGIH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.",
"To examine the relationship between hospital volume and outcomes of NVUGIH.",
"A cross-sectional study.",
"Participating hospitals from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2004.",
... | The study was based on an administrative data set. | yes |
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