pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
24,755,824 | Does liver stiffness by transient elastography predict liver-related complications and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE, FibroScan) is a validated method for noninvasively staging liver fibrosis. Most hepatic complications occur in patients with advanced fibrosis. Our objective was to determine the ability of LSM by TE to predict hepatic complications... | Liver stiffness by TE accurately predicts the risk of death or hepatic complications in patients with chronic liver disease. TE may facilitate the estimation of prognosis and guide management of these patients. | yes |
24,755,328 | Does high basal level of autophagy in high-altitude residents attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypoxia can induce autophagy, which plays an important role in cardioprotection. The present study tested the hypothesis that patients with congenital heart disease living at a high altitude could resist ischemia-reperfusion injury better than those at a low altitude, through elevated basal autop... | Patients living at a high altitude with congenital heart disease resisted ischemia-reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery better than those at a low altitude, possibly through elevated basal autophagy induced by chronic hypoxia. | yes |
24,749,730 | Is allocentric but not egocentric orientation impaired during normal aging : an ERP study? | {
"contexts": [
"Behavioral studies of spatial navigation in aging indicate that orientation using an allocentric reference frame (object-centered orientation) is impaired, whereas orientation using egocentric processes (self-centered orientation) is not. It has been proposed that navigational deficits may result... | These results suggest that elderly individuals present with deficits when spatial orientation relies on allocentric representation, and are associated with age-related deficits in spatial attention. | yes |
24,758,249 | Does seasonal ambient air pollution correlate strongly with spontaneous abortion in Mongolia? | {
"contexts": [
"Air pollution is a major health challenge worldwide and has previously been strongly associated with adverse reproductive health. This study aimed to examine the association between spontaneous abortion and seasonal variation of air pollutants in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.",
"Monthly average O3, ... | The present study identified alarmingly strong statistical correlations between ambient air pollutants and spontaneous abortion. Further studies need to be done to examine possible correlations between personal exposure to air pollutants and pregnancy loss. | yes |
24,759,667 | Do wedge and needle liver biopsies show discordant histopathology in morbidly obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Controversy exists over whether or not single-needle liver biopsies are sufficient to compare histological parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.",
"To identify sampling variability, we biopsied four liver specimens per patient, based on biopsy size (needle vs wedge) a... | Wedge biopsy pairs had the best Kappa concordance but contralateral needle/needle biopsy pairs had good Kappa concordance. There were no complications from the 40 needle- and wedge liver biopsies, confirming the safety of laporoscopic multi-biopsy in both liver lobes. | yes |
24,749,359 | Do [ Negative symptoms predict the improvement of social functioning of patients with schizophrenia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify predictive factors associated with the improvement of social functioning of schizophrenia patients in a community.",
"101 schizophrenia patients undergoing community rehabilitation were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Personal and Social Performance... | Improvement of negative symptoms predicts the short-term improvement of social functioning of schizophrenia patients. | yes |
24,755,123 | Is linagliptin fixed-dose combination with metformin bioequivalent to co-administration of linagliptin and metformin as individual tablets? | {
"contexts": [
"To demonstrate bioequivalence of linagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets and the corresponding combination of individual tablets taken together, i.e., free-pill (FP) treatment.",
"Three dosing combinations were evaluated in three separate randomized studies: linagliptin 2.5... | FDC tablets of linagliptin and metformin are bioequivalent to individual tablets of respective dose strengths taken together. Both treatments were well tolerated. | yes |
24,755,128 | Is c5 variant associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease in outpatients with severe hypercholinesterasemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the C5 variant of cholinesterase is known to be a cause of hypercholinesterasemia, the pathophysiological significance of the C5 variant and the C5 variant-related hypercholinesterasemia in cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the pathophysiological ... | The prevalence of the C5 variant was relatively high, and the C5 variant is associated with decreased risk of CAD in outpatients with severe hypercholinesterasemia. | yes |
24,775,383 | Do younger women have a higher risk of in-hospital mortality due to acute myocardial infarction in Chile? | {
"contexts": [
"Coronary heart disease is the second cause of death in Chilean women, with higher mortality among women, especially at younger ages. The objective was to analyze in-hospital case-fatality by sex and age in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Chile and to evaluate associated factors.",
... | In the context of a Latin American country, women aged<55 years with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and Killip class I-II had a higher risk of death. Known risk factors do not completely explain this excess of risk. | yes |
24,748,184 | Does microRNA-194 inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells by targeting FoxM1? | {
"contexts": [
"We hypothesized that miR-194 may control Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) expression in gastric cancer cells and therefore may have therapeutic potential in gastric cancer.",
"The expression level of miR-194 was examined using real-time PCR in human gastric cancer and noncancerous gastric tiss... | Our study clearly demonstrates that miR-194 inhibits the acquisition of the EMT phenotype in gastric cancer cells by downregulating FoxM1, thereby inhibiting cell migration and invasion during cancer progression. | yes |
24,748,185 | Does [ Ac-hE-18A-NH2 inhibit the inflammatory response induced by ox-LDL via inhibiting NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 macrophages ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of Ac-hE-18A-NH2 on TNF-α secretion and mRNA expression in ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and to elucidate the possible mechanisms.",
"Macrophages were incubated in the medium containing various concentrations of Ac-hE18A-NH2 (1-50 μg/mL) with ox-LDL (50 μg/mL) ... | Ac-hE-18A-NH2 may suppress TNF-α secretion and mRNA expression in ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via IκB-NF-κB signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ac-hE-18A-NH2 is better than that of apoA-I mimic peptide D-4F. | yes |
24,764,533 | Do presence of antigen-specific somatic allelic mutations and splice variants predict for immunological response to genetic vaccination? | {
"contexts": [
"Antigen-specific anti-tumor vaccines have demonstrated clinical efficacy, but immunological and clinical responses appear to be patient-dependent. We hypothesized that naturally-occurring differences in amino acid sequence of a host's target antigen might predict for immunological outcome from ge... | These results suggest that antigen-specific immune responses detectable after treatment with this genetic vaccine are specific for the host-encoded antigen and not due to epitope differences between the vaccine and a particular individual's somatic coding sequence. | no |
24,747,831 | Does calreticulin contribute to C1q-dependent recruitment of microglia in the leech Hirudo medicinalis following a CNS injury? | {
"contexts": [
"The medicinal leech is considered as a complementary and appropriate model to study immune functions in the central nervous system (CNS). In a context in which an injured leech's CNS can naturally restore normal synaptic connections, the accumulation of microglia (immune cells of the CNS that are... | These data give new insight into calreticulin/C1q interaction in an immune function of neuroprotection, suggesting another molecular target to use in investigation of microglia reactivity in a model of CNS injury. | yes |
24,753,138 | Does the Drosophila Chmp1 protein determine wing cell fate through regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Receptor down-regulation by the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway is critical for many cellular signaling events. MVB generation is mediated by the highly conserved ESCRT (0, I, II, and III) protein complexes. Chmp1 is an ESCRT-III component and a putative tumor suppressor in humans. However, pub... | Drosophila Chmp1 negatively regulates DER signaling, likely through its role in MVB formation. Loss of Chmp1 activity in the Drosophila wing induces a cell fate change from intervein to vein that should provide a useful tool for future studies of ESCRT protein activity. | yes |
24,768,676 | Do kinetic analyses reveal potent and early blockade of hepatitis C virus assembly by NS5A inhibitors? | {
"contexts": [
"All-oral regimens combining different classes of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are highly effective for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. NS5A inhibitors will likely form a component of future interferon-sparing treatment regimens. However, despite their potential, the detailed mec... | DAAs that target NS5A rapidly inhibit intracellular assembly of genotype 1a virions. They also inhibit formation of functional replicase complexes, but have no activity against preformed replicase, thereby resulting in slow shut-off of viral RNA synthesis. | yes |
24,777,275 | Are cerebrospinal fluid transferrin levels reduced in patients with early multiple sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, it is not clear whether these alterations are associated with changes of iron metabolism in body fluids.",
"The purpose of this stud... | Our biochemical study provides evidence that altered iron homeostasis within the brain occurs in the very early phases of the disease, and suggests that the transporter protein transferrin may play a role in the increased iron deposition known to occur in the brain of MS patients. | yes |
24,770,822 | Is 131I therapy and Graves ' disease in a long term observation : euthyroidism a suitable goal . Our experience? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to verify early and definitive outcome of radioiodine therapy in patients with Graves' disease, administering 131I calculated dose to pursue euthyroidism.",
"We retrospectively analyzed 639 patients affected by Graves' disease and treated by one or more 131I calculate... | 131I can be the first line treatment for Graves' disease in small-medium thyroids. Calculated doses can achieve a high amount of long term euthyroid patients. Similar results could be expected by fixed doses of 10 mCi. | yes |
24,764,173 | Does effect of AST on age-associated changes of vocal fold in a rat model? | {
"contexts": [
"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with aging. Astaxanthin (AST) is a strong antioxidant and has been reported to prevent various ROS-induced diseases. In the current study, we investigated the effect of AST on age-associated histological and mRNA changes of vocal folds.",
"Prospect... | These results suggest that AST has the potential to attenuate age-associated changes of vocal folds. | yes |
24,763,291 | Is a germline missense mutation in COQ6 associated with susceptibility to familial schwannomatosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Schwannomatosis, a subtype of neurofibromatosis, is characterized by multiple benign, nonvestibular, nonintradermal schwannomas. Although the tumor suppressor SMARCB1 gene has been frequently identified as the underlying genetic cause of half of familial and ~10% of sporadic schwannomatosis, for ... | Although the exact oncogenetic mechanisms in this schwannomatosis family remain to be elucidated, our data strongly indicate a probable role of COQ6 mutation and CoQ10 deficiency in the development of familial schwannomatosis.Genet Med 16 10, 787-792. | yes |
24,763,292 | Do unaffected family members report improvements in daily routine sun protection 2 years following melanoma genetic testing? | {
"contexts": [
"Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure may decrease melanoma risk in the hereditary melanoma setting. It is unknown whether genetic counseling and test reporting of CDKN2A/p16 mutation status promote long-term compliance with photoprotection recommendations, especially in unaffected mutation car... | Members of high-risk families reported increased daily routine sun protection and decreased sunburns 2 years following melanoma genetic testing, with no net decline in sun protection following negative test results. Thus, genetic testing and counseling may motivate sustained improvements in prevention behaviors. | yes |
24,769,034 | Does gALNT4 predict clinical outcome in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the clinical significance of GALNT4 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.",
"Enrolled in this study were 104 patients treated with curative nephrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai during 2004. Of the cohort 23 patients died of disease, 33 experienced... | Intratumor GALNT4 expression is a potential independent prognostic factor for overall and relapse-free survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Further external validation and functional analysis should be performed to assess its potential prognostic and therapeutic value in patients with clear cell r... | yes |
24,746,852 | Does human cytomegalovirus infection induce leukotriene B4 and 5-lipoxygenase expression in human placentae and umbilical vein endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause congenital infection with risk of neurological disability. Maternal-fetal transmission is associated with placental inflammation. 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of Leukotrienes (LTs), which are proinflammatory mediators. This stu... | The presence of HCMV coincided with high 5-LO expression in cells of in vivo HCMV infected placentae. HCMV induced up-regulation of 5-LO in both ex vivo HCMV-infected placental explants and HUVEC. HCMV induced LT-biosynthesis in congenitally infected placentae may have a role in pathogenesis of congenital HCMV disease. | yes |
24,766,848 | Is thoracoscopic lobectomy associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality in patients with predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide less than 40 % of normal? | {
"contexts": [
"A predicted postoperative (ppo) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) or diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) of <40% has traditionally been considered to convey a high risk of lobectomy owing to elevated postoperative morbidity and mortality. These recommendations, h... | VATS lobectomy can be performed with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with reduced ppoFEV1% or ppoDLCO%. | yes |
24,766,841 | Is hyphema a risk factor for failure of trabeculectomy in neovascular glaucoma : a retrospective analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Several retinal ischemic diseases can cause neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) is a relatively better treatment modality in the management of eyes with NVG than other glaucoma surgeries. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that may influence the out... | Postoperative hyphema was significantly correlated with the outcome of trabeculectomy for NVG. There was no significant association between preoperative IVB and postoperative hyphema or the results of trabeculectomy. | yes |
24,760,110 | Is early systemic sclerosis : serum profiling of factors involved in endothelial , T-cell , and fibroblast interplay marked by elevated interleukin-33 levels? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the serum profile of factors involved in endothelial, T-cell, and fibroblast interplay in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) associated with nailfold vodeocapillaroscopy (NVC) scleroderma findings and/or systemic sclerosis (SSc) marker autoantibodies, recently labeled as early SSc ... | Our study suggests that an endothelial, T-cell and fibroblast activation can be present in patients with early SSc and it is associated with a distinct profile of circulating factors involved in the cross-talk of these cells. The marked increase of IL-33 in early SSc patients suggests new routes of investigation of cel... | yes |
24,747,991 | Do reactive oxygen species regulate the quiescence of CD34-positive cells derived from human embryonic stem cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. However, few studies have examined the generation and function of ROS in human embryonic vascular development. In this study, the sources of ROS and their roles in the vascular differentiation of human embryonic ste... | This study reveals that NOX4 produces ROS in CD34(+) cells during vascular differentiation of hESCs, and shows that modulation of ROS levels using antioxidants such as selenium may be a novel approach to increase the vascular differentiation efficiency of hESCs. | yes |
24,768,677 | Does genome-wide association study identify variants associated with autoimmune hepatitis type 1? | {
"contexts": [
"Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an uncommon autoimmune liver disease of unknown etiology. We used a genome-wide approach to identify genetic variants that predispose individuals to AIH.",
"We performed a genome-wide association study of 649 adults in The Netherlands with AIH type 1 and 13,436 c... | In a genome-wide association study, we associated AIH type 1 with variants in the major histocompatibility complex region, and identified variants of SH2B3and CARD10 as likely risk factors. These findings support a complex genetic basis for AIH pathogenesis and indicate that part of the genetic susceptibility overlaps ... | yes |
24,766,572 | Is motor development in 3-month-old healthy term-born infants associated with cognitive and behavioural outcomes at early school age? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether motor development at 3 months of age is associated with cognitive, motor, and behavioural outcomes in healthy children at early school age.",
"In this cohort study, we included 74 term-born, healthy children (44 males, 30 females; median gestational age 40.1 wks, range 38... | Detailed aspects of motor development at 3 months of age are associated with cognition and behaviour, but not with motor outcome, in healthy children at early school age. Our findings suggest that early motor development may be the basis for later cognitive and behavioural performance. Since the associations were only ... | yes |
24,749,982 | Do serine proteases and protease-activated receptor 2 mediate the proinflammatory and algesic actions of diverse stimulants? | {
"contexts": [
"Although serine proteases and agonists of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) cause inflammation and pain, the spectrum of proteases that are activated by proinflammatory and algesic stimuli and their contribution to inflammatory pain are uncertain.",
"Enzymic assays and selective inhibitors... | Diverse proinflammatory and algesic agents activate melagatran-sensitive serine proteases that cause inflammation and pain by a PAR2-mediated mechanism. By inducing self-activating proteases, PAR2 amplifies and sustains inflammation and pain. Serine protease inhibitors can attenuate the inflammatory and algesic effects... | yes |
24,769,283 | Does taurine supplementation decrease homocysteine levels and liver injury induced by a choline-deficient diet? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study is to examine the effects of taurine supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and liver injury in rats fed a choline-deficient diet.",
"Thirty rats were divided into three groups (n=10), to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), choline... | Taurine supplementation failed to ameliorate impaired Hcy metabolism and liver injury caused by CDD intake. | no |
24,776,048 | Is nighttime ambulatory blood pressure associated with atrial remodelling and neurohormonal activation in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypertension is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-system seems to be involved in atrial enlargement, with release of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure and levels ... | Nighttime blood pressure is associated with left atrial size and the release of natriuretic peptides in normotensive patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation. | yes |
24,777,302 | Do biomarkers S100B and neuron-specific enolase predict outcome in hypothermia-treated encephalopathic newborns*? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate if serum S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase measured during therapeutic hypothermia are predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome at 15 months in children with neonatal encephalopathy.",
"Prospective longitudinal cohort study.",
"A level IV neonatal ICU in a freestanding... | Serum S100B and neuron-specific enolase levels in babies with neonatal encephalopathy are associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 15 months. These putative biomarkers of brain injury may help direct care during therapeutic hypothermia. | yes |
24,777,300 | Is vasoactive-inotropic score associated with outcome after infant cardiac surgery : an analysis from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium and Virtual PICU System Registries? | {
"contexts": [
"To empirically derive the optimal measure of pharmacologic cardiovascular support in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with bypass and to assess the association between this score and clinical outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort.",
"Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study.",
"... | Maximum vasoactive-inotropic score calculated in the first 24 hours after cardiac ICU admission was strongly and significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in this multi-institutional cohort of infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Maximum vasoactive-inotropic score more than or equal to 20 predicts an increas... | yes |
24,777,306 | Does the extent of the perihemorrhagic perfusion zone correlate with hematoma volume in patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Existing data on perfusion imaging assumes the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to be size steady. This study investigates the size of the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ) in patients with lobar ICH in relation to hematoma volume during the course of treatment ... | Our findings illustrate that the extent of the PHZ cannot be generally assumed to be constant in size and that this differs significantly following hematoma reduction in patients with space occupying lobar SICH. | yes |
24,767,980 | Does high expression of Cullin1 indicate poor prognosis for NSCLC patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Cullin1 is a scaffold protein of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp1/Cullin1/Rbx1/F-box protein complex which ubiquitinates a broad range of proteins participating in biochemical events like cell-cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription. Cullin1 is involved in the progression of several... | These data suggested that Cullin1 might promote the progression of NSCLC and be a biotarget for NSCLC's therapy. | yes |
24,751,514 | Does nanoencapsulation in lipid-core nanocapsules control mometasone furoate skin permeability rate and its penetration to the deeper skin layers? | {
"contexts": [
"The influence of nanoencapsulation of mometasone furoate (MF) in poly(ε-caprolactone) lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) on its in vitro human skin permeation and penetration was evaluated.",
"Semisolid formulations were prepared by increasing the viscosity of LNC using a carbomer (Carbopol(®) Ult... | This formulation is suitable for prolonged treatment of skin disorders which should avoid systemic absorption. | yes |
24,775,561 | Does quality improvement intervention reduce episodes of long-term acute care hospital central line-associated infections? | {
"contexts": [
"Reducing central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) poses a set of unique challenges in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHS). Patients are often admitted to LTACHs with central lines in place from the previous hospitalization; thus, LTACHs lack control over insertion techniques a... | The decision was made to implement the revised bathing protocol throughout the entire LTACH hospital stay. | yes |
24,771,315 | Do a system for context-aware intraoperative augmented reality in dental implant surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Large volumes of information in the OR are ignored by surgeons when the amount outpaces human mental processing abilities. We developed an augmented reality (AR) system for dental implant surgery that acts as an automatic information filter, selectively displaying only relevant information. The p... | The system allowed the surgeon to fully concentrate on the surgery itself. It offered greater flexibility since the surgeon received all relevant information, but was free to deviate from it. Accuracy of the realized implants remains an open issue and part of future work. | yes |
24,768,926 | Does remote ischemic preconditioning differentially affect NADPH oxidase isoforms during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the function of major superoxide-generating enzymes after remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR), with the specific aim of assessing the importance of the most relevant NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms, NOX2 and NOX4, in the mechanism of action.",
... | Remote IPC limited the IR-induced microcirculatory dysfunction, but the protective effect did not affect all NOX homologs (at least not NOX4). The residual damage and inflammatory activation could well be linked to the unchanging NOX4 activity. | yes |
24,757,624 | Is native arterio-venous fistula the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis in end stage renal disease? | {
"contexts": [
"THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS: Is primary Arterio-venous fistula the vascular access of choice for adequate dialysis and better patient outcome in end stage renal disease.",
"The present study was done in the department of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery at Sher-i-Kashmir institute of medical ... | We concluded that Arterialised arm superficial veins after primary AV fistula was the optimal and rational vascular access for hemodialysis providing adequate blood flow during this process. Besides, failure of primary AV fistula should be replaced by secondary AV fistula preferably based on brachial artery. | yes |
24,745,590 | Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was conducted to determine if there was an increase in the urinary excretion of fluoride, after the use of fluoride mouth rinses in children.",
"The sample consisted of 58 children aged 5-8 years, randomly selected, residents in non-fluoridated water areas. Urine samples were colle... | After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product. | yes |
24,771,535 | Does pathologic heterogeneity persist in early active multiple sclerosis lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions demonstrate immunopathological heterogeneity in patterns of demyelination. Previous cross-sectional studies reported immunopatterns of demyelination were identical among multiple active demyelinating lesions from the same individual, but differed between individual... | These findings continue to support the concept of patient-dependent immunopathological heterogeneity in early MS and suggest that the mechanisms and targets of tissue injury may differ among patient subgroups. These observations have potentially significant implications for individualized therapeutic approaches. | yes |
24,771,538 | Are progranulin protein levels differently regulated in plasma and CSF? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma and CSF progranulin (PGRN) levels.",
"Plasma and CSF PGRN were measured in a cohort of 345 subjects from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging by ELISA. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays. Associations b... | While some correlation exists between plasma and CSF PGRN, age, sex, and genetic factors differently affect PGRN levels. Therefore, caution should be taken when using plasma PGRN to predict PGRN changes in the brain. These findings further highlight that plasma PGRN levels may not accurately predict clinical features o... | yes |
24,759,440 | Does peer passenger influence on male adolescent drivers ' visual scanning behavior during simulated driving? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a higher likelihood of crashes and fatalities when an adolescent drives with peer passengers, especially for male drivers and male passengers. Simulated driving of male adolescent drivers with male peer passengers was studied to examine passenger influences on distraction and inattention... | The presence of a male peer passenger was associated with a reduction in the visual scanning range of male adolescent drivers. This reduction could be a result of potential cognitive load imposed on the driver due to the presence of a passenger and the real or perceived normative influences or expectations from the pas... | yes |
24,755,885 | Is hAGE ( DDX43 ) a biomarker for poor prognosis and a predictor of chemotherapy response in breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"HAGE protein is a known immunogenic cancer-specific antigen.",
"The biological, prognostic and predictive values of HAGE expression was studied using immunohistochemistry in three cohorts of patients with BC (n=2147): early primary (EP-BC; n=1676); primary oestrogen receptor-negative (PER-BC;... | This is the first report to show HAGE to be a potential prognostic marker and a predictor of response to ACT in patients with BC. | yes |
24,751,148 | Does intrathecal antagonism of microglial TLR4 reduce inflammatory damage to blood-spinal cord barrier following ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammatory reaction in blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It has been shown that microglia could be activated through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Therefore, we hypothesize that TLR4 is involved in the microglial activation and BSCB disrup... | The results indicate that compromised BSCB caused by I/R injury lead to spinal microglial activation and TLR4, its membrane-bound receptor, up-regulation, which then initiate neuro-inflammation and neuro-apoptosis via NF-κB/ IL-1β pathway. To inhibit the positive feedback loop of TLR4-microglia-NF-κB/ IL-1β pathway by ... | yes |
24,752,402 | Does clinical presentation and disease course of inflammatory bowel disease differ by race in a large tertiary care hospital? | {
"contexts": [
"While the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among African-Americans (AAs) is increasing, there is limited understanding of phenotypic differences and outcomes by race.",
"To describe disease characteristics of AA patients compared to Caucasian (Ca) patients in a tertiary care popu... | We identified significant differences in disease characteristics and extraintestinal manifestations between AA and Ca IBD patients in a large tertiary care population. These results have implications for future genotype-phenotype studies. | yes |
24,763,440 | Are withanolides potent novel targeted therapeutic agents against adrenocortical carcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, as a majority of patients present with advanced disease. Current adjuvant strategies for metastatic patients include mitotane or other cytotoxic agents and carry a significant morbidity as well as a low (<10 %... | These results demonstrate the first evidence of the anticancer efficacy of withanolides in ACC cells and provide support for future translational evaluation of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents for ACC patients. | yes |
24,750,069 | Do mesenchymal stem cells regulate airway contractile tissue remodeling in murine experimental asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Mesenchymal stem cells may offer therapeutic potential for asthma due to their immunomodulatory properties and host tolerability, yet prior evidence suggests that bloodborne progenitor cells may participate in airway remodeling. Here, we tested whether mesenchymal stem cells administered as anti-... | Therapeutic mesenchymal stem cell infusion in murine experimental asthma is free of unwanted pro-remodeling effects and ameliorates airway hyper-responsiveness and contractile tissue remodeling. These outcomes support furthering the development of mesenchymal stem cell-based asthma therapies, although caution and solid... | yes |
24,754,736 | Is vEGF , VEGFR3 , and PDGFRB protein expression influenced by RAS mutations in medullary thyroid carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have achieved remarkable clinical results in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients. However, the considerable variability in patient response to treatment with TKIs remains largely unexplained. There is evidence that it could be due, at least in part, to alt... | This is the first study identifying that the expression of TKI targets differs according to the presence of RAS mutations in MTC. This information could potentially be used to select the most beneficial TKI treatment for these patients. | yes |
24,750,276 | Are adverse drug events a major cause of acute medical admission? | {
"contexts": [
"Adverse drug events (ADE) contribute significantly to hospital admissions. Prospective New Zealand data are scant, and the ability of clinical coding to identify ADE associated admissions is uncertain. Outcomes after cessation of causative medications are unknown.",
"To assess the frequency, ... | ADE are a common cause of hospital admission. The most frequent problems are postural hypotension and vasovagal syncope, intentional drug misuse and dehydration. | yes |
24,766,689 | Do clinical experience with 3-dimensional surface matching-based deep inspiration breath hold for left-sided breast cancer radiation therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Three-dimensional (3D) surface matching is a novel method to administer deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiation therapy for left-sided breast cancer to reduce cardiac exposure. We analyzed port (x-ray) films to assess patient setup accuracy and treatment times to assess the practical workfl... | The DIBH patient setup appears to provide a fairly reproducible degree of cardiac sparing with random uncertainties of ≈ 0.2 cm. The treatment durations are clinically acceptable and appear not to change significantly over time on an intrapatient basis, and to improve over time on an interpatient basis. | yes |
24,776,621 | Is elevated serum androstenedione associated with a more severe phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS )? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the impact of elevated serum Δ4A levels on the hormonal and metabolic features of the different phenotypes of PCOS.",
"1276 women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were included, in whom serum hormonal levels were determined.",
"In PCOS women as a whole, as well as... | Increased serum Δ4A levels, which are associated with more severe PCOS phenotypes, possibly contribute to the worsening of PCOS features and therefore could be a valuable marker of biochemical hyperandrogenemia. | yes |
24,748,189 | Does [ Glycyrrhizin inhibit human neutrophil elastase-induced mucin 5AC overproduction in human bronchial epithelial cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin (Gly) on human neutrophil elastase (HNE)- induced mucin (MUC) 5AC overproduction in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), and the potential signaling pathway involved in this process.",
"The cultured cells were divided into 3 groups: a control gro... | Glycyrrhizin can inhibit MUC5AC overproduction via p38-NF-κB p65/IκBα signaling pathway. | yes |
24,756,916 | Does laparoscopic hernia complexity predict operative time and length of stay? | {
"contexts": [
"Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) is associated with shorter hospitalization and lower complication rates compared to open ventral hernia repair. We sought to determine if hernia-related factors, such as defect size and re-operative status correlate with postoperative complications, opera... | LVHR is safe with a low incidence of perioperative complications. Patients with multiple, larger and recurrent hernias have longer operative times and LOS. This information can be used to guide preoperative planning for the patient, surgeon and treating institution. | yes |
24,767,568 | Do bioactive chitosan nanoparticles and photodynamic therapy inhibit collagen degradation in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Collagen is the major structural protein of human dentin. Degradation of collagen by bacterial enzymes can facilitate microbial penetration, compromise structural/interfacial integrity, and lower resistance to fracture of dentin. We evaluated the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT), bioactive c... | Combined photochemical cross-linking of rat tail collagen by PDT and binding to CSnp inhibit collagenolytic activity. | yes |
24,776,785 | Is acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses modulated by cerebellar tDCS? | {
"contexts": [
"Classical conditioning of the eyeblink reflex is a simple form of motor learning which depends on the integrity of the cerebellum. Acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses is markedly reduced in patients with cerebellar disorders. Noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) ha... | Acquisition and timing of conditioned eyeblink responses is modified by cerebellar tDCS in a polarity dependent manner. | yes |
24,769,603 | Does lung cancer stigma predict timing of medical help-seeking behavior? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine relationships among demographic variables, healthcare system distrust, lung cancer stigma, smoking status, and timing of medical help-seeking behavior in individuals with symptoms suggestive of lung cancer after controlling for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and social desirability."... | FINDINGS suggest that stigma influences medical help-seeking behavior for lung cancer symptoms, serving as a barrier to prompt medical help-seeking behavior. | yes |
24,747,515 | Does polymerase I and transcript release factor act as an essential modulator of glioblastoma chemoresistance? | {
"contexts": [
"This study is to investigate if polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) acts as a modulator in glioblastoma (GBM) chemoresistance.",
"Multidrug resistant (MDR) GBM cell line U251AR was established by exposing the U251 cell line to imatinib. The 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS were perf... | Our results indicate that PTRF acts as a modulator in GBM chemoresistance. | yes |
24,760,264 | Is complement factor 3 associated with insulin resistance and with incident type 2 diabetes over a 7-year follow-up period : the CODAM Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Immune dysregulation can affect insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function and hence contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The complement system, as a regulator of immune and inflammatory homeostasis, may be a relevant contributor therein. However, longitudinal studies fo... | Changes in C3 were associated with changes in several measures of IR and may reflect progression of metabolic dysregulation, which eventually leads to abnormalities in glucose tolerance and T2DM. | yes |
24,777,944 | Do rapid chemical characterisation of stilbenes in the root bark of Norway spruce by off-line HPLC/DAD-NMR? | {
"contexts": [
"Stilbenes are plant secondary metabolites that have shown promising and varied biological activities. Stilbenes are presently actively studied for the exploitation of this primary raw material resource, involving the concept of biorefining. Methods for the rapid discovery of new and known stilben... | The off-line HPLC/DAD-NMR method is expedient for the unambiguous identication of structurally similar stilbenes in plant extracts. | yes |
24,775,269 | Is self-reported depression increasing among socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents - repeated cross-sectional surveys from Finland from 2000 to 2011? | {
"contexts": [
"Adolescent depression is more common in lower socio-economic groups. Whether this pattern has changed over time, is not known.We examined the prevalence of self-reported depression and its changes in socio-economic groups from 2000 to 2011 among Finnish adolescents.",
"Data were based on clas... | The largest increases in prevalence of severe depression are seen among socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents. This suggests that inequalities in mental health may become an increasing concern. | yes |
24,760,091 | Is lower mortality rate in people with dementia associated with better cognitive and functional performance in an outpatient cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"We describe a three-year experience with patients with dementia.",
"clinical, cognitive and functional evaluation was performed by a multidisciplinary team for persons above 60 years. Mortality was assessed after three years.",
"Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (n=2,074) was 15.7 (8.4... | Three-year mortality rates are dependent on baseline functional and cognitive status. | yes |
24,751,683 | Is a genetic variant in primary miR-378 associated with risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population? | {
"contexts": [
"MiR-378 has been reported to be related to cell survival, tumor growth and angiogenesis and may participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and prognosis. Genetic variants in primary miR-378 (pri-miR-378) may impact miR-378 expression and contribute to HCC risk and survival. This st... | These findings indicate that rs1076064 may be a biomarker for HCC susceptibility and prognosis through altering pri-miR-378 transcription. | yes |
24,755,251 | Does expression microarray identify the unliganded glucocorticoid receptor as a regulator of gene expression in mammary epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"While glucocorticoids and the liganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have a well-established role in the maintenance of differentiation and suppression of apoptosis in breast tissue, the involvement of unliganded GR in cellular processes is less clear. Our previous studies implicated unliganded GR... | This work presents the first identification of targets of unliganded GR. We propose that the balance between targets of liganded and unliganded GR signaling is responsible for controlling differentiation and apoptosis, respectively, and suggest that gene regulation by unliganded GR may represent a mechanism for reducin... | yes |
24,769,028 | Is gSTP1 promoter methylation associated with recurrence in early stage prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Recurrent prostate cancer remains a major problem. Staging, grading and prostate specific antigen level at surgery are helpful but still imperfect predictors of recurrence. For this reason there is an imperative need for additional biomarkers that add to the prediction of currently used prognosti... | Greater GSTP1 promoter methylation in cancer tissue was independently associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with early prostate cancer. This suggests that GSTP1 promoter methylation may be a potential tissue based recurrence marker. | yes |
24,769,029 | Does functional magnetic resonance imaging during urodynamic testing identify brain structures initiating micturition? | {
"contexts": [
"Normal voiding in neurologically intact patients is triggered by the release of tonic inhibition from suprapontine centers, allowing the pontine micturition center to trigger the voiding reflex. Supraspinal mechanisms of voluntary voiding in humans are just beginning to be described via functiona... | Our study is one of the first reports of brain activation centers associated with micturition initiation in normal healthy females. Results show activation of a brain network consisting of regions for motor control, executive function and emotion processing. Further studies are planned to create and validate a model of... | yes |
24,748,541 | Is hIC2 a novel dosage-dependent regulator of cardiac development located within the distal 22q11 deletion syndrome region? | {
"contexts": [
"22q11 deletion syndrome arises from recombination between low-copy repeats on chromosome 22. Typical deletions result in hemizygosity for TBX1 associated with congenital cardiovascular disease. Deletions distal to the typically deleted region result in a similar cardiac phenotype but lack in extr... | Our results demonstrate a novel role for Hic2 in cardiac development. Hic2 is the first gene within the distal 22q11 interval to have a demonstrated haploinsufficient cardiac phenotype in mice. Together our data suggest that HIC2 haploinsufficiency likely contributes to the cardiac defects seen in distal 22q11 deletion... | yes |
24,755,152 | Does cD3 antibody and IL-2 complex combination therapy inhibit atherosclerosis by augmenting a regulatory immune response? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulating evidence suggests that the balance between pathogenic effector T cells (Teffs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be important for controlling atherosclerotic disease. We hypothesized that a combination therapy with anti-CD3 antibody (CD3-Ab) and IL-2/anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody co... | Our results indicate that in addition to suppressing Teff responses, enhancing Treg-mediated immune responses is more efficacious in preventing atherosclerosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis. | yes |
24,766,859 | Is gATA5 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the ascending aorta related to aortic size and valve morphology? | {
"contexts": [
"The pathogenesis of aortic dilatation in patients with congenital aortic valve anomalies is poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that alterations of gene expression may be related to ascending aortic aneurysm formation in these patients. Knockout of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) a... | Our data suggest that GATA5, possibly through upregulation of eNOS, plays a role in the development of aortic dilatation in patients with unicuspid and bicuspid aortic valves. The differential gene expression in patients with unicuspid compared with bicuspid aortic valves suggests that the pathogenesis of both aortic v... | yes |
24,758,515 | Does modulation of imidazoline I2 binding sites by CR4056 relieve postoperative hyperalgesia in male and female rats? | {
"contexts": [
"CR4056 is a novel imidazoline-2 (I2 ) ligand exhibiting potent analgesic activity in animal models of pain. In this study, we investigated the effects of CR4056 in a well-established model of postoperative pain where rats develop hyperalgesia in the injured hind paw.",
"By measuring paw withd... | CR4056 is a novel pharmacological agent under development for postoperative pain both as stand-alone treatment and in association with morphine. CR4056 has successfully completed Phase I studies for tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers, and is currently entering the first proof-of-concept study in pa... | yes |
24,758,948 | Does the HeartShield device reduce the risk for right ventricular damage in patients with deep sternal wound infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Right ventricular rupture, resulting in serious bleeding, is a life-threatening complication associated with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in cardiac surgery. The use of a rigid barrier between the heart and the sharp sternal edges has been successfully tested on pigs. In the present art... | The use of the HeartShield device significantly minimizes the contact between the right ventricle and the sternal edges, thereby decreasing the risk for life-threatening complications due to bleeding. | yes |
24,753,805 | Does the tissue Doppler imaging derived post-systolic velocity notch originate at the aortic annulus? | {
"contexts": [
"A distinct velocity pattern represented by a \"notch\" is observed during the time interval between the end of the systolic and the onset of the early diastolic velocity wave on longitudinal myocardial velocity curve. The origin of the post-systolic velocity notch (PSN) has not been resolved.",
... | The AA represents the site of the earliest onset and maximal amplitude of the PSN on the longitudinal velocity curve suggesting its mechanism to be that of an energy release at the instant of the aortic valve closure causing an apically directed acceleration of the myocardium. A substantial number of healthy subjects e... | yes |
24,762,166 | Is guideline-concordant administration of prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K associated with decreased mortality in patients with severe bleeding under vitamin K antagonist treatment ( EPAHK study )? | {
"contexts": [
"In vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-treated patients with severe hemorrhage, guidelines recommend prompt VKA reversal with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and vitamin K. The aim of this observational cohort study was to evaluate the impact of guideline concordant administration of PCC and vitamin... | Guideline-concordant VKA reversal with PCC and vitamin K within eight hours after admission was associated with a significant decrease in seven-day mortality. | yes |
24,748,885 | Does hyperhomocysteinemia independently cause and promotes atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperhomocysteine is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, whether hyperhomocysteine affects the progression of atherosclerosis is unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of hyperhomocysteine on the formation of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprote... | Homocysteinemia accelerates atherosclerotic lesions and induces early atherosclerosis independently in LDLr(-/-) mice. Reducing the level of homocysteinemia may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of CHD. | yes |
24,751,903 | Does pEG-IFN alpha but not ribavirin alter NK cell phenotype and function in patients with chronic hepatitis C? | {
"contexts": [
"Ribavirin (RBV) remains part of several interferon-free treatment strategies even though its mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. One hypothesis is that RBV increases responsiveness to type I interferons. Pegylated Interferon alpha (PEG-IFNa) has recently been shown to alter natur... | PEG-IFNa activates NK cells possibly contributing to virological responses independently of RBV. The role of NK cells during future IFN-free combination therapies including RBV remains to be determined. | yes |
24,759,826 | Are artemisinin-based combination therapies efficacious and safe for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children? | {
"contexts": [
"Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are highly efficacious and safe, but data from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children concurrently receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ACTs are limited.",
"We evaluated 28-day outcomes following malaria treatment with artemet... | Treatment of uncomplicated malaria with AL or DP was efficacious and safe in HIV-infected children taking ART. However, there was a high risk of recurrent parasitemia following AL treatment, which was significantly lower in children taking LPV/r-based ART compared with nevirapine-based ART. | yes |
24,775,913 | Does hematuria duration predict kidney function at 1 year in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Hematuria is considered a marker of active renal disease in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) with induction immunosuppression often continued until hematuria has resolved. We aim to determine whether longer hematuria duration is associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration ra... | In ANCA-GN, hematuria duration does not predict eGFR at 1 year. Our findings provide support that among individuals who are otherwise considered to be in clinical remission, the persistence of hematuria should not delay transition from induction to maintenance immunosuppression. | no |
24,775,912 | Does sUMOylation of Grb2 enhance the ERK activity by increasing its binding with Sos1? | {
"contexts": [
"Grb2 (Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) is a key adaptor protein in maintaining the ERK activity via linking Sos1 (Son of sevenless homolog 1) or other proteins to activated RTKs, such as EGFR. Currently, little knowledge is available concerning the post-translational modification (PTM) of ... | Our results provide evidences that Grb2 is SUMOylated in vivo and this modification enhances ERK activities via increasing the formation of Grb2-Sos1 complex, and may consequently promote cell motility, transformation and tumorigenesis. | yes |
24,757,639 | Does gender modify the effects of education and income on sleep quality of the patients with coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to investigate the interaction between gender and other socio-economic characteristics on sleep quality of the patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).",
"This cross sectional study was conducted on 717 patients with CAD. The socio- economic status (education level, incom... | Among female but not male patients with CAD, low education and income were associated with poor sleep quality. This information helps us better understand the mechanisms behind the poor sleep quality of the female patients with CAD. This is important because poor sleep is a prognostic factor among the CAD patients. | yes |
24,778,452 | Does human cardiac extracellular matrix support myocardial lineage commitment of pluripotent stem cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Cross-talk between organ-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) and stem cells is often assumed but has not been directly demonstrated. We developed a protocol for the preparation of human cardiac ECM (cECM) and studied whether cECM has effects on pluripotent stem cell differentiation that may be us... | Human cardiac ECM seems to direct differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards a cardiomyocyte phenotype. This phenomenon supports the use of cardiac ECM preparations for guided stem cell differentiation and myocardial repair, and may ultimately increase the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure pa... | yes |
24,751,211 | Is 14-3-3η a novel mediator associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and joint damage? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate whether 14-3-3η, a specific isoform of a family of proteins regulating processes such as cellular signalling, activates cell-signalling pathways and induces factors known to contribute to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also investigat... | Extracellular 14-3-3η activates key signalling cascades and induces factors associated with the pathogenesis of RA at concentrations found in patients with RA, and its expression is higher in patients with radiographic damage and RA progression. | yes |
24,752,772 | Does early sac shrinkage predict a low risk of late complications after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair? | {
"contexts": [
"Aneurysm shrinkage has been proposed as a marker of successful endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Patients with early postoperative shrinkage may experience fewer subsequent complications, and consequently require less intensive surveillance.",
"Patients undergoing EVAR from 2000 to 2011 at... | Early change in aneurysm sac diameter is a strong predictor of late complications after EVAR. Patients with major sac shrinkage have a very low risk of complications for up to 5 years. This parameter may be used to tailor postoperative surveillance. | yes |
24,766,087 | Does stigma predict residential treatment length for substance use disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"Stigma has been suggested as a possible contributor to the high rates of treatment attrition in substance-dependent individuals, but no published empirical studies have examined this association.",
"The present paper assessed the relationship between baseline stigma variables and length of tr... | These results are consistent with other findings suggesting that people with higher self-stigma may have a lowered sense of self-efficacy and heightened fear of being stigmatized and therefore retreat into more protected settings such as residential treatment, potentially resulting in higher treatment costs. Specialize... | yes |
24,750,318 | Does standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for nerve tortuosity increase its association with measures of diabetic neuropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies on corneal markers have advocated corneal nerve fibre length as the most important measure of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study was to determine if standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for tortuosity increases its association with other measures of diabetic ... | Standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for tortuosity enhances the ability to differentiate individuals with diabetes, with and without neuropathy. | yes |
24,770,422 | Is allodynia associated with a higher prevalence of depression in migraine patients? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a strong association between migraine and depression. The aim of this study is to identify migraine-specific factors involved in this association.",
"We conducted a cross-sectional study in a large, well-defined cohort of migraine patients (n=2533). We assessed lifetime depression us... | This study identified allodynia, in addition to high migraine attack frequency, as a new migraine-specific factor associated with depression. | yes |
24,755,284 | Does tissue factor predict response to chemotherapy in esophageal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) improves the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer who respond, but it is not effective in nonresponders. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a reliable method of predicting response before initiation of chemotherapy. Hypercoagulability, which is thought t... | TF expression levels in pretreatment biopsy samples are useful for predicting response to NACT in advanced esophageal cancer. Further studies of mechanisms underlying the relationship between TF expression and chemosensitivity are needed. | yes |
24,772,521 | Are the Randomized Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention ( ROADMAP ) observational follow-up study : benefits of RAS blockade with olmesartan treatment sustained after study discontinuation? | {
"contexts": [
"The Randomized Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) study showed that 40 mg Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) versus placebo delayed microalbuminuria onset in patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria.",
"One thousand seven hundred and fifty-eight ROADMAP patients (p... | Development of microalbuminuria is a valid marker for future CV events. RAS blockade with Olmesartan might cause sustained reduction (legacy effect) of micro- and macrovascular events. | yes |
24,772,522 | Is nuclear localization of a1A-adrenergic receptors required for signaling in cardiac myocytes : an “ inside-out ” a1-AR signaling pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies indicate that a1-adrenergic receptors (a1-ARs) are cardioprotective by preventing cardiac myocyte death and augmenting contractility in heart failure. Although G-protein-coupled receptors are assumed to localize to and signal at the plasma membrane, we previously demonstrated that ... | Together, our data identify a novel, “inside-out” nuclear a1A-subtype/PKCd/cTnI-signaling pathway that regulates contractile function in adult cardiac myocytes. Importantly, these data help resolve the discrepancy between nuclear localization of a1-ARs and a1-AR-mediated physiologic function. | yes |
24,755,105 | Does activation of mTOR contribute to foam cell formation in the radial arteries of patients with end-stage renal disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Our previous in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrated that inflammation accelerated the progression of atherosclerosis via the dysregulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) pathway. The current study aimed to investigate the effects and their underlying mechanisms of inflammation ... | Inflammation contributed to foam cell formation in the radial arteries of ESRD patients via the dysregulation of the LDLr pathway, which could be modulated by the activation of the mTOR pathway. | yes |
24,761,460 | Are nitric oxide , IL-6 and IL-13 increased in the exhaled breath condensates of children with allergic rhinitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate nitric oxide and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-13 in the exhaled breath of children with allergic rhinitis (AR), before and after intranasal allergen exposure.",
"A total of 49 children with AR – comprising 20 who also had episodic asthma (AR+A) and 29 without asthma (AR) – were... | Despite local application, the intranasal allergen challenge increased IL-13/EBC concentration in the AR children. As EBC reflects the status of lower airway segments, our observation may support the 'united airways' hypothesis, suggesting a functional link between the upper and lower airways. | yes |
24,754,904 | Are human placenta-derived neurospheres susceptible to transformation after extensive in vitro expansion? | {
"contexts": [
"The cancer stem cell model links neoplastic cells with normal stem cell biology, but little is known on how normal stem cells are transformed into cancer stem cells.",
"To investigate the processes underlying the transformation of normal stem cells we developed in vitro a cancer stem cell mod... | We have developed a cancer stem cell model starting from normal human stem cells derived from amniotic and chorionic placenta membranes. These cells are able to differentiate into neural cell lineages and to undergo spontaneous transformations and acquire an NB-like phenotype. | yes |
24,770,635 | Are hDGF and ADAM9 novel molecular staging biomarkers , prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers for adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was to investigate whether the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-9 (ADAM9) is correlated with the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to evaluate the significance of HDGF and ADAM9 as novel molec... | These results clearly demonstrate that ADAM9 high expression is correlated positively and significantly with HDGF high expression, which provides essential evidence for the novel HDGF-ADAM9 pathway, through which HDGF promotes invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells; HDGF and ADAM9 are novel molecular staging biomarkers... | yes |
24,748,670 | Do brain reserve and cognitive reserve protect against cognitive decline over 4.5 years in MS? | {
"contexts": [
"Based on the theories of brain reserve and cognitive reserve, we investigated whether larger maximal lifetime brain growth (MLBG) and/or greater lifetime intellectual enrichment protect against cognitive decline over time.",
"Forty patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) underwent baseline and ... | We provide longitudinal support for theories of brain reserve and cognitive reserve in MS. Larger MLBG protects against decline in cognitive efficiency, and greater intellectual enrichment protects against decline in cognitive efficiency and memory. Consideration of these protective factors should improve prediction of... | yes |
24,768,901 | Is perilipin-5 regulated by statins and controls triglyceride contents in the hepatocyte? | {
"contexts": [
"Perilipin-5 (PLIN5) is a member of the perilipin family of lipid droplet (LD)-associated proteins. PLIN5 is expressed in oxidative tissues including the liver, and is critical during LD biogenesis. Studies showed that statins reduce hepatic triglyceride contents in some patients with non-alcoholi... | PLIN5 is a physiological regulator of triglyceride metabolism in the liver, and likely contributes to the pleiotropic effects of statins. | yes |
24,759,065 | Are sTI patients effective recruiters of undiagnosed cases of HIV : results of a social contact recruitment study in Malawi? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with newly diagnosed HIV may be part of social networks with elevated prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection. Social network recruitment by persons with newly diagnosed HIV may efficiently identify undiagnosed cases of HIV infection. We assessed social network recruitment as a strategy ... | Social contact recruitment by newly diagnosed STI patients efficiently led to new HIV diagnoses. Research to replicate findings and guide implementation is needed. | yes |
24,778,098 | Does endocardial focal activation originating from Purkinje fibers play a role in the maintenance of long duration ventricular fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the role of repetitive endocardial focal activations and Purkinje fibers in the maintenance of long duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF, VF>1 minute) in canine hearts in vivo.",
"The study was conducted in electrophysiological laboratory of Shanghai Ruijin hospital from July ... | Repetitive endocardial focal activations in the LV endocardium may be associated with activation of subendocardial PFs. This mechanism may play an important role in the maintenance of LDVF. | yes |
24,768,652 | Does molecular profiling of contact dermatitis skin identify allergen-dependent differences in immune response? | {
"contexts": [
"Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the most common occupational disease. Although murine contact hypersensitivity provides a framework for understanding ACD, it carries important differences from its human counterpart. Unlike the contact hypersensitivity model, which is induced by potent sensit... | Our study offers new insights into the pathogenesis of ACD, expanding the understanding of T-cell activation and associated cytokines in allergen-reactive tissues. It is the first study that defines the common transcriptome of clinically relevant sensitizers in human skin and identifies unique pathways preferentially a... | yes |
24,746,336 | Does implementing goal-directed protocols reduce length of stay after cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the effect of a high reliability organization (HRO) intervention on patient lengths of stay in the CVICU and hospital. The authors proposed that (1) higher safety related evidence based protocol (SREBP) team compliance scores and (2) lower SREBP milestone scores are associated with shorte... | A milestone-driven pathway supported by team rounding was associated with decreased lengths of CVICU and hospital stay. However, tracking patient trajectories by milestones suggests a more complex relationship than anticipated and presents new opportunities for SREBP implementation and research. | yes |
24,747,451 | Does mesenteric lymph diversion abrogate 5-lipoxygenase activation in the kidney following trauma and hemorrhagic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"Early acute kidney injury (AKI) following trauma is associated with multiorgan failure and mortality. Leukotrienes have been implicated both in AKI and in acute lung injury. Activated 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) colocalizes with 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) in the first step of leukotriene production... | 5-LO and FLAP colocalize in the interstitium of the renal medulla following T/HS. MLD attenuates this phenomenon, which coincides with pathologic changes seen in tubules during kidney injury and biochemical evidence of AKI. These data suggest that gut-derived leukotriene substrate predisposes the kidney and the lung to... | yes |
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