pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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10,733,771 | Does preservation of the right atrial appendage improve reduced plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels after the maze procedure? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study was conducted to determine whether preservation of the right atrial appendage lessens the decrease of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels after the maze procedure and whether the increase of plasma atrial natriuretic peptides improves the ability of the kidneys to excrete t... | The present study showed that preservation of the right atrial appendage lessens the decrease of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels after the maze procedure and that increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptides may improve the ability of the kidneys to excrete the fluid load after the operation. | yes |
10,735,605 | Are cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis : K-ras mutations and Tp53 dysfunction implicated in the neoplastic development? | {
"contexts": [
"Cholangiocarcinoma is a feared complication of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Neoplastic bile duct strictures may be difficult to differentiate cholangiographically from the non-neoplastic bile duct irregularities characteristic of this disorder, and the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma may... | We conclude that K-ras mutations and p53 dysfunction are implicated in tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinomas arising in PSC patients and that these abnormalities together with increased Ki-67 index may indicate neoplastic progression of bile ducts in these patients. | yes |
10,752,946 | Does aqueous humor stimulate the migration of human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Depletion of trabecular meshwork cell numbers is a feature of the outflow system in aging and in primary open-angle glaucoma. It is possible that migration stimulated by factors present in aqueous humor may contribute to the cell loss. This investigation assessed the chemoattractant potential of ... | Aqueous humor contains potentially powerful chemoattractants for trabecular meshwork cells. The activity of one of these constituents, fibronectin, has been accounted for by this study. Glaucomatous aqueous appears to be as good and in some cases a better migratory stimulant than nonglaucomatous aqueous in vitro. The m... | yes |
10,754,522 | Does synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( batimastat ) reduce prostate cancer growth in an orthotopic rat model? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased concentrations of metalloproteinases are associated with the invasive and metastatic behavior of several human malignant tumors. Normally, enzymatic activity is tightly regulated by nonspecific mechanisms and specific inhibitors. The aim of the study was to determine the potential of a ... | Batimastat is able to reduce tumor growth in the standard prostate cancer model. Using this model, activity against cancer progression of future inhibitory agents can be reliably assessed. | yes |
10,754,523 | Are ornithine decarboxylase activity and its gene expression increased in benign hyperplastic prostate? | {
"contexts": [
"Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Polyamine is believed to participate in cellular proliferation and differentiation. To study the relationship between ODC and the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the polyamine levels, ... | The findings imply that 1) the increased ODC activity and polyamine content in prostatic tissue may correlate with the pathogenesis of BPH, and 2) the high level of ODC activity is induced by the overexpression of ODC mRNA. | yes |
10,746,605 | Do line bisection judgments implicate right parietal cortex and cerebellum as assessed by fMRI? | {
"contexts": [
"To use functional MRI (fMRI) to determine which brain regions are implicated when normal volunteers judge whether pretransected horizontal lines are correctly bisected (the Landmark test).",
"Manual line bisection and a variant thereof involving perceptual judgments of pretransected lines (th... | The right hemispheric dominance observed in inferior parietal cortex is consistent with the results of lesion studies. Right superior parietal cortex, vermis, and left cerebellar hemisphere have not been implicated in neglect, but all appear to play a cognitive role in the Landmark task. | yes |
10,755,109 | Is retinal maturation delayed by repeated , but not single , maternal injections of betamethasone in sheep? | {
"contexts": [
"The safety and efficacy of prescribing a single maternal course of corticosteroid during pregnancy has been documented in human trials. However, the current trend is to prescribe repeated courses of corticosteroid. We investigated an aspect of the safety of this practice in an animal model.",
... | Repeated maternal administration of corticosteroid may affect retinal maturation in the fetus. | yes |
10,734,528 | Does ethnomedical aspects of the commonly used toothbrush stick in Ethiopia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the botanical identity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial property of the commonly used toothbrush sticks in Ethiopia.",
"Research laboratories of the departments of Biology and Chemistry, Addis Ababa University between December 1993 and May 1995.",
"The study was performed by ... | Toothbrush sticks can be used by the vast majority of people who cannot afford buying the commercial toothbrush and toothpaste. The toothbrush sticks may be important for the oral and dental hygiene of the users and hence may be useful in decreasing dental caries. Further studies should focus on the effect of the tooth... | yes |
10,727,493 | Does modulation of single motor unit discharge using magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in incomplete spinal cord injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and inhibition of voluntary contraction to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex have longer latencies than normal in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) when assessed using surface EMG. This study now examines the modulation of ... | Increased thresholds and latencies of excitation and inhibition may reflect degraded corticospinal transmission in the spinal cord. However, the relatively greater increase in the latency of inhibition compared with excitation in the patients with iSCI may reflect a weak or absent early component of cortical inhibition... | yes |
10,736,119 | Is resistive heating more effective than metallic-foil insulation in an experimental model of accidental hypothermia : A randomized controlled trial? | {
"contexts": [
"We study a resistive-heating blanket in a volunteer model of severe accidental hypothermia to evaluate differences in rates of rewarming, core temperature afterdrop, and body heat content and distribution during active and passive rewarming.",
"Eight volunteers participated in a crossover des... | Resistive heating more than doubles the rewarming rate compared with that produced by reflective metal foil and does so without producing an afterdrop. It is therefore likely to be useful in the prehospital setting. | yes |
10,747,568 | Do the cost of burn care and implications for efficient care? | {
"contexts": [
"To clarify the social issues and problems associated with burn care in Japan, based on a cost analysis of acute burn care.",
"A retrospective review was undertaken of 71 patients admitted with burns at Nippon Medical School between January 1 and December 31, 1997. A cost analysis was performe... | Acute burn care is a costly service. The goal of burn care should shift from saving lives to allowing for a productive return to society. Quality improvement, outcome measurement, and technology assessment combined with health economics research for burn care should be carried out in Japan. | yes |
10,727,654 | Does angiotensin II receptor blockade attenuate the deleterious effects of exercise training on post-MI ventricular remodelling in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of exercise training on LV remodelling following large anterior myocardial infarction (MI) remains controversial. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system has been shown to prevent ventricular dilation and deleterious remodeling. We therefore tested, in a rat model of chronic MI, whet... | Following large anterior MI, losartan attenuated LV dilation and scar thinning. In untreated animals, exercise decreased dilation, but also contributed to scar thinning. Therefore, exercise concurrent with blockade of the renin-angiotensin system may provide optimal therapeutic benefit following large anterior MI. | yes |
10,727,655 | Is type 2 angiotensin II receptor downregulated in cardiomyocytes of patients with heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"The human heart expresses type 2 angiotensin (AT(2)) receptor, but the function is poorly defined.",
"In the present study, we investigated (1) the cellular localization of the AT(2) receptor and (2) the relationship between the AT(2) receptor protein expression and the cardiac function of pa... | (1) The AT(2) receptor is localized to cardiomyocytes independently of the cardiac function. (2) Left ventricular dysfunction is associated with decreased expression of myocardial AT(2) receptor protein. | yes |
10,750,746 | Does hypothermic circulatory arrest cause multisystem vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple organ failure after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) may occur secondary to endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. We sought to determine if DHCA causes endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis in brain, kidney, lungs, and other tissues.",
"Anesthetized pigs on cardiopulmonary... | DHCA is associated with endothelial dysfunction in cerebral microvessels but not in the in vivo transcranial vasculature; in addition, endothelial dysfunction was noted in large-caliber renal arteries and pulmonary veins. DHCA is also associated with duodenal apoptosis. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis ma... | yes |
10,739,524 | Is adrenomedullin increased in the fetoplacental circulation in intrauterine growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery waveforms? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether adrenomedullin, a novel vasoactive peptide produced by the placenta, participates in the uteroplacental hemodynamic alterations in intrauterine growth restriction, we studied the correlation between adrenomedullin levels and fetoplacental blood flow.",
"Maternal and umbilic... | This study provides evidence that adrenomedullin is increased in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction in response to reduced uteroplacental blood flow and suggests that it may participate in the fetal hemodynamic modifications. | yes |
10,728,212 | Is loss of CO2 reactivity of cerebral blood flow associated with severe brain damage in mechanically ventilated very low birth weight infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Early detection of pathophysiological factors associated with permanent and severe brain damage in preterm infants requiring intensive care is a major issue in neonatal neurology. The aim of this study was to investigate if an abnormal CO2 reactivity of cerebral blood flow in high risk very low b... | In mechanically ventilated very low birthweight infants low CO2 reactivity of cerebral blood flow (below 10%/kPa CO2) during the first 36 hours of life was associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome or hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy at autopsy. Loss of CO2 reactivity may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypoxi... | yes |
10,732,289 | Are presence and extent of extrapancreatic fluid collections indicators of severe acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been suggested that early localization of both necrosis and extrapancreatic fluid collections by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) can predict the outcome in severe acute pancreatitis. These two assumptions were evaluated.",
"This study comprises 228 patients with a first atta... | Pancreatic necrosis and extrapancreatic fluid collections are indicators for severe acute pancreatitis. Whereas the localization of pancreatic necrosis is not important for the outcome of the disease, the extent of extrapancreatic fluid collections is significantly correlated with a severe course. | yes |
10,738,224 | Is human tumor growth inhibited by a vaccinia virus carrying the E2 gene of bovine papillomavirus? | {
"contexts": [
"Papillomavirus is the etiologic agent associated with cervical carcinoma. The papilloma E2 protein is able to regulate negatively the expression of E6 and E7 papilloma oncoproteins. Therefore, a new, highly attenuated vaccinia virus known as modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), which carries the... | The growth of human tumors was efficiently inhibited by the MVA E2 recombinant vaccinia virus. The absence of side effects in treated animals suggested that the MVA E2 virus is a safe biologic agent that could in the future be used in humans for the treatment of cervical carcinoma. | yes |
10,738,227 | Is squamous papilloma of the urinary tract unrelated to condyloma acuminata? | {
"contexts": [
"To the authors' knowledge, there is no previous report of squamous papilloma of the urinary tract. It is uncertain whether there is a correlation between squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, and verrucous carcinoma.",
"The authors evaluated the clinical and pathologic features of squamou... | These data indicate that squamous papilloma is a distinct entity not related to condyloma or verrucous carcinoma. These lesions are benign, HPV DNA negative, DNA diploid, and they lack p53 overaccumulation. | yes |
10,740,142 | Does endothelial cell dysfunction correlate differentially with survival in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) has been used as a marker of endothelial perturbation in a number of vascular disorders. In this study, vWF:Ag was determined as an attempt to evaluate the severity of endothelial cell dysfunction in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and congenital... | Our findings suggest that short-term survival is related to the severity of endothelial cell dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, exceedingly high vWF:Ag levels in PPH might reflect a particular pattern of endothelial cell dysfunction that could be associated with decreased short-term life expectancy in ... | yes |
10,735,925 | Does cure of Helicobacter pylori infection improve symptoms in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients-a double-blind placebo-controlled study? | {
"contexts": [
"It remains controversial whether the cure of H. pylori infection improves NUD symptoms.",
"To conduct a double-blind placebo-controlled single centre study with concealed allocation to investigate this question.",
"Ninety NUD patients with H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to eit... | Although histological parameters were significantly improved in the treatment group, there was no significant improvement in symptoms of NUD in the treatment group compared to placebo. | no |
10,744,792 | Does the distinct HERG missense mutation L564P cause long QT syndrome in one French Canadian family? | {
"contexts": [
"Long QT syndrome is a congenital abnormality of cardiac repolarization causing syncope and sudden death from ventricular tachyarrhythmias known as torsades de pointes. This hereditary cardiac disorder often shows an increase of the value of the QT interval corrected for heart rate over 0.45 s in ... | This electrophysiological study suggests that coexpression of HERG wild type and mutant L564P results in a dominant negative effect of the mutation. | yes |
10,731,552 | Does human ovarian follicular fluid have functional systems for the generation and modulation of thrombin? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether prothrombin is present in follicular fluid and whether the enzymatic pathways for prothrombin activation are similar to those in plasma.",
"Follicular fluid samples collected at the time of oocyte harvest for an assisted reproductive technology procedure (ART) were analyz... | Only a select group of hemostatic plasma proteins are present in follicular fluid. There is no direct correlation between molecular size and concentration of individual proteins in follicular fluid. These results indicate that the proteins involved in the thrombin-generating and thrombin modulatory pathways may be deri... | yes |
10,735,415 | Does coronary oxygen persufflation combined with HTK cardioplegia prolong the preservation time in heart transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"One of the most restricting factors remaining in heart transplantation is the limited myocardial ischemia time. A new approach towards the prolongation of this time is the combination of primary cardioplegic arrest followed by continuous coronary oxygen persufflation (COP) with gaseous oxygen.",
... | These data show that COP combined with a mHTK solution represents a potential alternative to complement currently used cold storage techniques for prolonged preservation periods. | yes |
10,735,591 | Does interleukin-1 stimulate human uterine prostaglandin production through induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Uterine infection occurs in as much as 20% of preterm labor and results in increased decidual cytokines. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, NS-398, on myometrial prostaglandin (PG) production and COX-2 expressi... | IL-1 increases PG production by myometrium by increased COX-2 expression. NS-398 completely blocks IL-1-induced PG production. With intrauterine infection, IL-1 may induce labor through the autocrine production of uterotonic PGs. | yes |
10,737,573 | Is video-assisted evacuation of empyema the preferred procedure for management of pleural space infections? | {
"contexts": [
"Empyema remains a cause of morbidity and mortality. Thoracoscopy has proved its versatility in the management of pleural space disorders. The suitability of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for decortication in the management of the fibrotic stage of empyema is unclear.",
"VATS evacuati... | Video-assisted evacuation of empyema and decortication is an effective modality in the management of the exudative and fibrinopurulent stages of empyema. An organized empyema should be approached thoracoscopically, but may require open decortication. | yes |
10,738,946 | Is the expression of three types of CINCs by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages inhibited similarly by anti-inflammatory steroids? | {
"contexts": [
"Expression of CINCs was regulated differentially in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages. We examined whether the expression of CINCs in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages is similarly inhibited by anti-inflammatory drugs.",
"Rat peritoneal macrophages were stimulated by l... | These results indicate no difference among CINC-1, -2 and -3 in the inhibition of production and mRNA expression of CINCs by anti-inflammatory steroids, although lipopolysaccharide differentially induces expression of each CINC expression in culture of rat macrophages. | yes |
10,735,706 | Does continuous pulmonary perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass prevent lung injury in infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass is a serious complication for infants with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. Excessive neutrophil sequestration in the lung occurring after reestablishment of pulmonary circulation implies that interaction between neutrophils and pulmona... | Our study demonstrates that arrested pulmonary circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass is the major risk factor of lung injury and that continuous pulmonary perfusion is effective in preventing lung injury. | yes |
10,726,718 | Does doxazosin modify Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased apoptosis has recently been reported in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).",
"To investigate the molecular basis of apoptosis in the left ventricle of SHRs in terms of the expression of Bcl-2 protein (which protects from apoptosis) and Bax protein (which acts as an... | The present work suggests that the presence of Bax-Bcl-2 complexes in the left ventricle could be a more reliable marker of the apoptotic state than the determination of the absolute expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. Moreover, the inhibition of alpha1 -adrenergic receptors by doxazosin decreased the abundance of Ba... | yes |
10,735,671 | Does superoxide possibly produced in endothelial cells mediate the neutrophil-induced lung injury? | {
"contexts": [
"The mechanism by which stimulated neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) damage pulmonary vascular endothelium was investigated.",
"The ability of unstimulated and mechanically stimulated PMNs to adhere to pulmonary endothelial cells and, thereby, alter pulmonary vascular permeabil... | These findings suggest that stimulated PMN-induced increases in pulmonary vascular filtration resulted from endothelial cell injury caused by superoxide anion possibly generated by XO, exclusively present in the endothelial cells. | yes |
10,728,420 | Are human connexin40 gap junction channels modulated by cAMP? | {
"contexts": [
"Gap junction channels provide for direct electrical coupling between cells, and play an important role in homeostasis and electrical coupling. One of the proteins that form gap junctions, Connexin40 (Cx40), shows restricted expression in the body, and is found in blood vessels and in the atrium a... | Macroscopic conductance and permeability of Cx40 gap junctions is strongly increased by cAMP and may play a role in the regulation of intercellular communication in the heart and vasculature. | yes |
10,743,075 | Does [ Genistein suppress growth stimulatory effect of growth factors in HCE 16/3 cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of genistein in the effect of growth factors (KGF and EGF) on the growth of HPV 16 DNA-immortalized human cervical epithelial cells (HCE 16/3 cells) was studied.",
"Genistein affected the modulation effect of the growth factors on the growth of HCE 16/3 cells using [3H]-thymidine inc... | The results suggest that genistein have potential value in the prevention and treatment of some tumors in vivo. | yes |
10,731,888 | Does rapid intermittent compression increase skin circulation in chronically ischemic legs with infra-popliteal arterial obstruction? | {
"contexts": [
"Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) has been shown, by duplex, to increase popliteal artery flow in normal legs and in legs with superficial femoral artery occlusion. The objective of this study was to see if IPC improves distal circulation in legs with severe infra-popliteal disease.",
... | Arterial flow augmentation upon compression is associated with increased skin-flux. This response remains present in severe disease of the crural outflow-arteries. Further investigation to define the role of intermittent compression for management of chronic arterial disease is warranted. | yes |
10,746,487 | Does insulin resistance alone explain the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in southern India? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether insulin resistance (IR calculated using the HOMA model) has a dominant role in the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the Asian Indian population.",
"A total of 654 non-diabetic subjects aged > or =40 years (male 396: female 258) were selected from a population ... | Insulin resistance is not the only underlying factor for the clustering of CVD risk factors in south Indians. These findings are consistent with the presence of several distinct physiological domains, as shown in other ethnic groups. | no |
10,732,902 | Do early and intermediate-term complications of self-expanding stents limit its potential application in children with congenital heart disease? | {
"contexts": [
"We report on the early and intermediate-term follow-up results of self-expanding Wallstent (Schneider, Switzerland) implanted in children with congenital heart disease.",
"The inherent shortcomings of balloon-expandable stents prompted the trial of an alternative stent.",
"Twenty patients... | Self-expanding Wallstent could be deployed easily and safely to relieve vascular stenoses in children. The complications of distal migration, significant neointimal ingrowth and its unyielding design to overdilation limit its application to this patient group. | yes |
10,732,906 | Does local adenovirus-mediated transfer of C-type natriuretic peptide suppress vascular remodeling in porcine coronary arteries in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to examine whether or not adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) can prevent coronary restenotic changes after balloon injury in pigs in vivo.",
"Gene therapy to prevent restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTC... | Adenovirus-mediated CNP gene transfer with the IABC system may be a useful gene therapy to prevent restenosis after PTCA in vivo. | yes |
10,749,621 | Does neutrophil adhesion to vascular prosthetic surfaces trigger nonapoptotic cell death? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that neutrophil adhesion to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and Dacron triggers cell death.",
"Vascular prosthetic infections are intransigent clinical dilemmas associated with excessive rates of death and complications. Impaired neutrophil function has been im... | Neutrophil adhesion to ePTFE and Dacron triggers a rapid nonapoptotic cell death. The effect of ePTFE and Dacron on neutrophil viability appears to be caused by reactive oxygen species production. The premature death of graft-adherent neutrophils provides a novel explanation of the defect in neutrophil bacterial killin... | yes |
10,749,628 | Does injury to dorsal root ganglia alter innervation of spinal cord dorsal horn lamina involved in nociception? | {
"contexts": [
"A study of the relation between the development of mechanical allodynia and the reorganization of primary afferent terminals in the sensory lamina of the rat spinal cord dorsal horn after partial dorsal root ganglion injury in rats.",
"To investigate the pathologic mechanisms of mechanical al... | Morphologic change in spinal cord dorsal horn lamina II occurs after partial dorsal root ganglion injury. This change may have significance in the pathogenesis of chronic mechanical allodynia after partial dorsal root ganglion injury. | yes |
10,739,535 | Does nitric oxide modulate angiotensin II-induced drinking behavior in the near-term ovine fetus? | {
"contexts": [
"Human and ovine fetuses demonstrate an enhanced rate of spontaneous and angiotensin II-stimulated swallowing. Angiotensin II and nitric oxide synthase have been localized to thirst centers in the brain. This study was performed to determine whether central nitric oxide contributes to the regulati... | These results demonstrate that inhibition of central nitric oxide suppresses fetal swallowing behavior in response to central angiotensin II. We speculate that tonic nitric oxide facilitates angiotensin II swallowing stimulation by maintenance of glutamate activation of hypothalamic N -methyl-D -aspartate receptors. | yes |
10,748,446 | Is cyclin D1 expression predictive of occult metastases in head and neck cancer patients with clinically negative cervical lymph nodes? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the value of p53 and cyclin D1 gene expression in predicting the risk of occult lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).",
"The expression of cyclin D1 and p53 was evaluated by means of immunohistochemical a... | Our study indicates that the expression of cyclin D1 correlates with the presence of occult cervical metastases in head and neck carcinoma patients, thus suggesting that its immunohistochemical evaluation in biopsy samples may be used as an additional tool for identifying patients to be treated with elective neck disse... | yes |
10,729,244 | Does gene therapy enhance the antiproliferative effect of radiation in intimal hyperplasia? | {
"contexts": [
"Although ionizing radiation (IR) has been demonstrated to attenuate vessel wall restenosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH), dose-related mural injury and atrophy are possible deleterious side effects. We tested the hypothesis that a radiosensitizing strategy may improve IR-induced inhibition of in v... | Both IR alone and IR combined with a radiosensitizing agent are effective in attenuating experimental IH. However, combination therapy is synergistic and achieves greater inhibition of VSMC proliferation and may involve selective killing of radioresistant S-phase VSMCs. IR + CD/5-FC represents a novel therapeutic strat... | yes |
10,729,246 | Is inhibition of intestinal tumors by curcumin associated with changes in the intestinal immune cell profile? | {
"contexts": [
"The C57BL/6J-Min/+ (Min/+) mouse bears a germline mutation in Apc and is therefore a model for familial adenomatous polyposis and sporadic colorectal cancer. Min/+ intestinal mucosa exhibits a marked tendency for spontaneous adenoma formation. Curcumin is a phenolic antioxidant known for its anti... | These results show that mucosal CD4(+) T cells and B cells increase in animals treated with curcumin, suggesting that curcumin modulates lymphocyte-mediated immune functions. | yes |
10,729,241 | Does aggregation substance promote colonic mucosal invasion of Enterococcus faecalis in an ex vivo model? | {
"contexts": [
"Bacterial translocation through the gastrointestinal tract is the crucial step in the pathogenesis of intraabdominal infections. We assessed whether aggregation substance (AS), a bacterial adhesin and virulence factor of Enterococcus faecalis, promotes bacterial translocation and colonic mucosal ... | The aggregation substance promotes invasion of E. faecalis into colonic mucosa. | yes |
10,728,118 | Does physician disclosure of healthy personal behaviors improve credibility and ability to motivate? | {
"contexts": [
"While some studies have shown that physicians with healthy personal habits are especially likely to discuss prevention with their patients, to our knowledge no one has published information testing whether physician credibility and patient motivation to adopt healthier habits are enhanced by phys... | Physicians' abilities to motivate patients to adopt healthy habits can be enhanced by conveying their own healthy habits. Educational institutions should consider encouraging health professionals-in-training to practice and demonstrate healthy personal lifestyles. | yes |
10,741,440 | Does pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide enhance liver metastases of cancer cells implanted into the portal vein in rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"Little is known about the role of the CO2 pneumoperitoneum on tumor cells that spread from the portal system into the liver during laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies. Therefore, we designed a study to investigate the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on cancer cells implanted in ... | Compared with laparotomy, CO2 pneumoperitoneum enhanced the development of liver metastases in this experimental model. | yes |
10,735,931 | Does fasting induce impairment of gastric mucosal integrity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic ( db/db ) mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Although diabetic patients often have gastrointestinal complications, the gastric mucosal function in diabetes has not been well documented.",
"To investigate the effect of fasting on the gastric mucosa in C57BL/KsJ-db +/+ db (db/db) mice, genetically non-insulin-dependent diabetic animals.",... | These findings indicate that fasting-induced glucose deficit causes gastric mucosal lesions and increases the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to noxious agents owing to the loss of mucus glycoprotein in db/db mice. Prolonged diabetes is likely to augment the severity of fasting-induced impairment of the gastric mucosa... | yes |
10,728,019 | Are circulating levels of IL-1beta , a prothrombotic cytokine , elevated in unstable angina versus stable angina? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple studies support a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and unstable cardiac syndromes. However, of the known proinflammatory cytokines, only elevated plasma levels of interleukin-6 have been linked to unstable angina. We sought to examine the plasma level... | Our results suggest that both IL-1beta and IL-6 contribute to the pathogenesis of unstable angina, and that the profile of circulating plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines differs in unstable angina from that in stable angina. Abbreviated Abstract. Multiple studies support a role for inflammation in the pathogene... | yes |
10,753,065 | Does dendritic cell-based genetic immunization in mice with a recombinant adenovirus encoding murine TRP2 induce effective anti-melanoma immunity? | {
"contexts": [
"The induction of cellular immune responses to melanocyte-specific enzymes such as the tyrosinase family of proteins is the goal of various clinical studies for the immunotherapy of melanoma. Tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2) is an attractive model antigen for preclinical studies in C57BL/6 mice... | Our results demonstrate that DC-based genetic immunization of mice with TRP2, a clinically relevant melanocyte-specific self-antigen, induces effective cellular immunity and prevents metastatic growth of B16 melanoma cells in vivo. | yes |
10,731,402 | Do new Q waves on the presenting electrocardiogram independently predict increased cardiac mortality following a first ST-elevation myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"The prognostic significance of pathological Q waves appearing in the acute phase of myocardial infarction has not been determined. We investigated whether new Q waves on the presenting electrocardiogram of patients with acute ST-segment elevation were independently associated with a worse outcome... | New Q waves at presentation are independently associated with a worse outcome after a first myocardial infarction. The presence of new Q waves on the presenting electrocardiogram allows very early identification of patients at risk of increased cardiac mortality. | yes |
10,744,093 | Does subgroup analysis and other ( mis ) used of baseline data in clinical trials? | {
"contexts": [
"Baseline data collected on each patient at randomisation in controlled clinical trials can be used to describe the population of patients, to assess comparability of treatment groups, to achieve balanced randomisation, to adjust treatment comparisons for prognostic factors, and to undertake subgr... | Clinical trials need a predefined statistical analysis plan for uses of baseline data, especially covariate-adjusted analyses and subgroup analyses. Investigators and journals need to adopt improved standards of statistical reporting, and exercise caution when drawing conclusions from subgroup findings. | yes |
10,753,745 | Does mAP kinase signaling induce nuclear reorganization in budding yeast? | {
"contexts": [
"During the mating pheromone response in budding yeast, activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) cascade results in well-characterized changes in cytoskeletal organization and gene expression. Spatial reorganization of genes within the nucleus has been documented during cell-t... | Nuclear remodeling occurs when the MAP kinase cascade is activated by yeast pheromone, but it is independent of the cytoskeletal reorganization regulated by the same signaling pathway. Activation of the Ste12p transcription factor is necessary, and may be sufficient, for the changes in nuclear structure that coincide w... | yes |
10,753,746 | Does a protein complex containing Inscuteable and the Galpha-binding protein Pins orient asymmetric cell divisions in Drosophila? | {
"contexts": [
"In the fruit fly Drosophila, the Inscuteable protein localises to the apical cell cortex in neuroblasts and directs both the apical-basal orientation of the mitotic spindle and the basal localisation of the protein determinants Numb and Prospero during mitosis. Asymmetric localisation of Inscutea... | Pins and Inscuteable are dependent on each other for asymmetric localisation in delaminated neuroblasts. The binding of Pins to Galpha protein offers the intriguing possibility that Inscuteable and Pins might orient asymmetric cell divisions by localising or locally modulating a heterotrimeric G-protein signalling casc... | yes |
10,735,809 | Does pentobarbital have curare-like effects on adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel currents? | {
"contexts": [
"Pentobarbital (PB) is widely used as a short-term sedative and anticonvulsive drug with a side-effect of relaxing muscle tone. We investigated block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel currents by PB using the patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solut... | The interaction between adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholine, and pentobarbital was biophysically investigated by using the patch-clamp technique in combination with tools for ultrafast solution exchange. PB elicited open-channel block and competitive block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cha... | yes |
10,735,801 | Is n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by meperidine dependent on extracellular pH? | {
"contexts": [
"Large concentrations of meperidine inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA) receptor channels by channel block mechanisms. Extracellular pH regulates the activity and drug sensitivity of NMDA-receptor channels. We examined the influence of extracellular pH on sensitivity to meperidine of epsilon/zeta ... | At acidic pH the potency of meperidine for N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor channels was increased. Any antinociceptive and neuroprotective benefit from the N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist property of meperidine may be pH dependent. | yes |
10,741,439 | Is lymphocyte proliferation in mice after a full laparotomy the same whether performed in a sealed carbon dioxide chamber or in room air? | {
"contexts": [
"Our laboratory has demonstrated that significantly more cell-mediated immunosuppression occurs after full laparotomy than after either anesthesia control or carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum. We further demonstrated that the postoperative immunosuppression is related to the length of the inci... | Our results suggest that full laparotomy performed in a sealed CO2 chamber compared to room air laparotomy resulted in similar suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, no significant suppression of lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group. These results, with regard to lympho... | yes |
10,754,477 | Is the GH response to low-dose bolus growth hormone-releasing hormone ( GHRH ( 1-29 ) NH2 ) attenuated in patients with longstanding post-irradiation GH insufficiency? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have suggested that post-irradiation GH insufficiency results from a loss of GHRH secretion, since many patients were able to release GH following exogenous GHRH stimulation. However, supramaximal doses of GHRH were used and the response may decline with time after radiotherapy. ... | The GH response to bolus GHRH(1-29)NH(2) is attenuated in adult long-term survivors of childhood brain tumours. This may reflect direct pituitary damage and/or the loss of the tropic effects of chronic GHRH deficiency. | yes |
10,737,575 | Is transthoracic ultrasonography an alternative to subxyphoid ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hemopericardium in penetrating precordial trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"Surgeon-performed ultrasonography is increasingly becoming part of the initial evaluation of patients after blunt or penetrating trauma. Currently, most institutions obtain a subxyphoid or subcostal view of the heart and pericardial space, and a three-view ultrasonogram of the abdomen to detect b... | Surgeon-performed ultrasonography has become the diagnostic test of choice for patients suspected of having hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. Transthoracic ultrasonography is an excellent alternative for those patients where a subxyphoid or subcostal view to visualize the pericardial sac and heart cannot be obtain... | yes |
10,751,260 | Does eEG predict surgical outcome in lesional frontal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Because of the relatively poor results of frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) surgery, identification of prognostic factors for surgical outcome is of great importance.",
"To identify predictive factors for FLE surgery, we analyzed the data of 61 patients (mean age at surgery 19.2) who had undergone ... | The absence of generalized EEG signs is the most predictive variable for a seizure-free outcome in FLE surgery. Furthermore, nonlesional MRI, somatosensory aura, and secondarily generalized seizures are risk factors for poor surgical results. | yes |
10,753,285 | Does adenoviral-mediated expression of antisense RNA to basic fibroblast growth factor reduce tangential stress in arterialized vein grafts? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to test whether basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) participates in arterialized vein graft remodeling.",
"Rabbits underwent in vivo gene transfer and carotid interposition vein grafting. Segments of external jugular vein were infected with an adenovirus that e... | Inhibition of bFGF synthesis in vivo with the use of adenoviral gene transfer of antisense RNA to bFGF promotes a vein graft with decreased tangential stress while maintaining the luminal area. The vein graft wall is remodeled and qualitatively resembles an artery so that wall tangential stress in Ad.ASbFGF and normal ... | yes |
10,733,756 | Do pulmonary hemodynamics contribute to indicate priority for lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Lung transplantation is a viable option for patients with cystic fibrosis. The current strategy of selection, based on spirometry and deterioration of quality of life, results in a high mortality on the waiting list. We reviewed the case histories of patients with cystic fibrosis accepted for lun... | Pulmonary hemodynamics are worst in patients dying on the waiting list and deteriorate significantly during the waiting time. They may thus contribute to establish priority for lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis. | yes |
10,733,757 | Are transgenic swine lungs expressing human CD59 protected from injury in a pig-to-human model of xenotransplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary xenotransplantation is currently limited by hyperacute rejection mediated in part by xenoreactive natural antibody and complement. Transgenic swine organs that express the human complement regulatory protein CD59 have demonstrated improved survival in models of pig-to-primate xenotransp... | Transgenic swine pulmonary xenografts that express the human complement regulatory protein CD59 demonstrated improved function and survival in an ex vivo model of pig-to-human xenotransplantation. | yes |
10,746,589 | Does comparison of immunoglobulin G heavy-chain sequences in MS and SSPE brains reveal an antigen-driven response? | {
"contexts": [
"To better understand B-cell activation in MS by analyzing the immunoglobulin (Ig)G heavy chain variable region (VH) repertoire found in MS brains and comparing it with brain VH sequences in individuals with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)--a chronic encephalitis produced by measles vir... | The presence of an antigen-driven response in MS, rather than a nonconventional mechanism of B-cell activation, warrants additional analysis of the specificity of IgG in MS brain and CSF. | yes |
10,728,418 | Are biphasic redistribution of muscarinic receptor and the altered receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription underlying mechanisms in the rat heart during sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate intracellular redistribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptor (m2AChR) and the roles of receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription as underlying mechanisms in the rat heart during different phases of sepsis.",
"Sepsis was induced by cecal li... | The m2AChR in the rat heart was externalized from light vesicles to sarcolemma (overexpression) during early sepsis but internalized from surface membranes to intracellular sites (underexpression) during late sepsis. Furthermore, changes in the receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription are responsible for the bip... | yes |
10,728,416 | Does the bradycardic agent zatebradine enhance baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in rats early after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"The bradycardic agent zatebradine (UL-FS 49) reduces heart rate without negative inotropic or proarrhythmic effects. The aim was to experimentally characterize the influence of zatebradine on arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) which are generally considered as ... | Both BRS and HRV are reduced in rats early after MI, indicating a depressed reflex and tonic vagal activity. Treatment with zatebradine enhances both BRS and HRV. These data suggest that the drug has both peripheral and central effects, leading to an increase of vagal control of heart rate. | yes |
10,728,413 | Does accumulation of oxidized LDL in human semilunar valves correlate with coronary atherosclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent data indicate that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) has several proatherogenic effects, e.g. induction of macrophage chemoattractants, adhesion molecules, cytokines, type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and platelet-derived growth factor A-chain by smooth muscle cells. Therefore... | The data suggest that the biological process leading to ox-LDL accumulation in coronary atherosclerosis also involves heart valves. Therefore, accumulation of the oxidative stress marker ox-LDL in heart valves illustrates atherosclerosis as an additional mechanisms accelerating valvular degeneration in these patients. | yes |
10,746,455 | Does recombinant kringle 1-3 of plasminogen inhibit rabbit corneal angiogenesis induced by angiogenin? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiostatin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor that has been identified as a cryptic fragment of plasminogen molecule containing the first four kringle domain. Angiogenin, a 14-kDa monomeric protein, a potent blood vessel inducer, is expressed in tumors and present in mammalian plasma. The purpos... | Recombinant kringle 1-3 appears to inhibit angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in a rabbit corneal pocket assay. Recombinant kringle 1-3 may have therapeutic potential as an antiangiogenic agent. | yes |
10,751,524 | Is [ The common C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene associated with neural tube defects and preeclampsia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism is associated with neural tube defects and preeclampsia.",
"Twenty- four mothers who had given birth to normal children, 27 mothers who had given birth to NTDs children, 120 normal women, and 57 women who had... | The authors believe that MTHFR VV genotype is associated with the development of NTDs and preeclampsia. | yes |
10,746,533 | Does ropivacaine attenuate pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by thromboxane A2 analogue in the isolated perfused rat lung? | {
"contexts": [
"Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) activation is involved in several pathophysiological states in producing pulmonary hypertension. Local anesthetics (LA) inhibit signaling of TXA2 receptors expressed in cell models. Therefore, we hypothesized that LA may inhibit pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by the TXA2... | Ropivacaine, but not lidocaine, bupivacaine, or QX 314 at 1 microg/mL, attenuates U 46619-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in an isolated perfused rat lung model. These results support evidence that the clinically used enantiomer S(-)-ropivacaine may inhibit TXA2 signaling. | yes |
10,729,807 | Does leukocyte depletion of red cell components prevent exposure of transfusion recipients to neutrophil elastase? | {
"contexts": [
"Polymorphonuclear leukocytes contain a large number of enzymes and bactericidal proteins stored in granules. Neutrophil activation induces degranulation and immediate release of these bioactive substances, including human neutrophil elastase (HNE) also known as elastase-2 (ELA2), which may contam... | Leukocyte depletion may limit the inadvertent infusion of bioactive substances derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, of which HNE is but one example. The accumulation of HNE in buffy-coat-reduced red cells may be greater than that of whole blood units. HNE accumulates during storage and its quantity may have patho... | yes |
10,729,806 | Is allogeneic red blood cell transfusion an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative bacterial infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Allogeneic red blood cell transfusions may exert immunomodulatory effects in recipients including an increased rate of postoperative bacterial infection. It is controversial whether allogeneic transfusion is an independent predictor for the development of postoperative bacterial infection.",
... | These data support the hypothesis that allogeneic red cell transfusion is an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative bacterial infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This association provides further reason to minimise exposure to allogeneic transfusions in the perioperative setting. | yes |
10,744,793 | Are increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor found in the cross-clamped heart during cardiopulmonary bypass? | {
"contexts": [
"High concentrations of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are found in the heart. Even higher levels are measured during ischemia. Exogenous administration of FGF to ischemic myocardium promotes synthesis of collateral coronary circulation and induces local myocardial hypertrophy. The kinetics and ... | Plasma bFGF levels increase during cardiopulmonary bypass. The source of this elevation is the lungs and heart. | yes |
10,735,777 | Does milrinone attenuate serotonin-induced pulmonary hypertension and bronchoconstriction in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"We determined whether milrinone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, attenuates serotonin-induced (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]) pulmonary hypertension (PH) and bronchoconstriction. Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg + 2 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)). Bronchoconstriction and PH were elicited by... | We studied the effects of milrinone on serotonin-induced pulmonary hypertension and bronchoconstriction in dogs. Milrinone produces pulmonary vasodilation and bronchodilation, whose effects may not be caused by beta-adrenoceptor activation. In addition, this drug may be more sensitive to phosphodiesterase III in the ai... | yes |
24,767,615 | Is nonadherence with ambulatory saliva sampling associated with biased salivary testosterone estimates? | {
"contexts": [
"Nonadherence with scheduled saliva sampling, as encountered in ambulatory settings, can bias the estimation of salivary cortisol concentrations. This study is the first to estimate if such nonadherence is also associated with biased salivary testosterone concentration estimates.",
"Using a st... | The results suggest that common ambulatory nonadherence with scheduled saliva sampling is associated with biased salivary testosterone estimates. They will inform further studies estimating salivary testosterone with ambulatory saliva-sampling designs and highlight the relevance of strategies to improve or confirm adhe... | yes |
24,774,513 | Does differential proteomic analysis of grapevine leave by iTRAQ reveals responses to heat stress and subsequent recovery? | {
"contexts": [
"High temperature is a major environmental factor limiting grape yield and affecting berry quality. Thermotolerance includes the direct response to heat stress and the ability to recover from heat stress. To better understand the mechanism of the thermotolerance of Vitis, we combined a physiologic... | On the basis of these findings, we proposed that some proteins related to electron transport chain of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, HSPs and other stress response proteins, and glycolysis may play key roles in enhancing grapevine adaptation to and recovery capacity from heat stress. These results provide a bette... | yes |
24,753,506 | Is subcutaneous adipose tissue zinc-α2-glycoprotein associated with adipose tissue and whole-body insulin sensitivity? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the regulatory aspects of zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) association with obesity-related insulin resistance.",
"ZAG mRNA and protein were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and circulation of lean, obese, prediabetic, and type 2 diabetic men; both subcutaneous and visceral A... | ZAG in subcutaneous, but not in visceral AT, was markedly reduced in obesity. Clinical, cellular, and molecular evidence indicate that ZAG plays an important role in modulating whole-body and AT insulin sensitivity. | yes |
24,753,502 | Is excess weight in preschool children with a history of severe bronchiolitis associated with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between excess weight gain and asthma in childhood remains inadequately defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate, as part of a prospective post-bronchiolitis follow-up, whether there is a link between earlier or current overweight or obesity and asthma or asthma symptoms at... | Asthma was more common in currently overweight than in normal weight former bronchiolitis patients at preschool age and early school age. | yes |
24,754,896 | Does sentinel lymph node biopsy before mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction significantly delay surgery in early breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) before mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) may help to avoid the negative cosmetic effects of radiotherapy on reconstructed breasts in lymph node-positive patients. Concerns have been raised regarding possible delays whilst awaiting the SLNB resu... | In this group of patients, SLNB before mastectomy and IBR does not significantly delay definitive breast cancer surgery. | no |
24,759,911 | Is the Exercise Medicine Global Health Initiative : a 2014 update? | {
"contexts": [
"A third of the world's population does not engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA), leading to substantial health and economic burdens. The healthcare sector offers a variety of resources that can help counsel, refer and deliver PA promotion programmes for purposes of primordial, p... | Broad implementation of PA counselling and referral systems, as clinical practice standard of care, has the potential to improve PA at the population level by complementing and leveraging other efforts and to contribute to achieving global targets for the reduction of inactivity and related morbidity and mortality. | yes |
24,748,218 | Is chronic inflammation in benign prostate tissue associated with high-grade prostate cancer in the placebo arm of the prostate cancer prevention trial? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic inflammation is hypothesized to influence prostate cancer development, although a definitive link has not been established.",
"Prostate cancer cases (N = 191) detected on a for-cause (clinically indicated) or end-of-study (protocol directed) biopsy, and frequency-matched controls (N =... | Inflammation, most of which was chronic, was common in benign prostate tissue, and was positively associated with prostate cancer, especially high grade. The association did not seem to be due to detection bias. | yes |
24,768,239 | Does neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor slow progression of retinal nonperfusion in patients with diabetic macular edema? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by monthly injection of ranibizumab on posterior retinal nonperfusion (RNP) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).",
"Unplanned retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 2 randomized,... | Just as high VEGF levels contribute to progression of retinal nonperfusion in retinal vein occlusion, the same is true in patients with DME, suggesting that regardless of the underlying disease process, high levels of VEGF can cause closure of retinal vessels. However, our data also suggest that VEGF-induced worsening ... | yes |
24,775,300 | Does inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria and Streptococcus bovis by hop ( Humulus lupulus L. ) β-acid? | {
"contexts": [
"The goals of this study were to determine if β-acid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) could be used to control fructan fermentation by equine hindgut micro-organisms, and to verify the antimicrobial mode of action on Streptococcus bovis, which has been implicated in fructan fermentation, hindgut aci... | These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hops β-acid prevented the growth of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria, and that the mechanism of action was dissipation of the intracellular potassium of Strep. bovis. | yes |
24,749,095 | Does addition of clonidine in caudal anesthesia in children increase duration of post-operative analgesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Pain in infancy is a developmental process. Due to the underdeveloped pain pathways in the spinal cord, the threshold of stimulation and sensation of pain is low at birth and has potential impacts on increasing the central effects of pain. Primary trauma during infancy can cause long term changes... | We concluded that addition of clonidine to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of post-operative analgesia without any respiratory or hemodynamic side-effects. | yes |
24,766,056 | Does alcohol withdrawal alleviate adipose tissue inflammation in patients with alcoholic liver disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) display inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) which correlates with liver lesions. We examined macrophage markers and polarization in the SAT of alcoholic patients and adipokine expression according to liver inflammation; we studied the ... | In alcoholic patients, upregulation of chemotactic factors in the liver and SAT is an early event that begins as early as the steatosis stage. The inflammasome pathway is upregulated in the liver of patients with ALD. One week of alcohol withdrawal alleviates macrophage infiltration in SAT and orients ATM towards a M2 ... | yes |
24,766,977 | Is galectin-3 independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older adults without known cardiovascular disease : The Rancho Bernardo Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Galectin-3 is a marker of myocardial fibrosis that has been implicated in the pathophysiologic pathway of fibrosis; its association with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a community-based cohort free of baseline CVD has not been reported. Our aim was to determine the associ... | Higher levels of galectin-3 are independently associated with all-cause and CVD mortality among community-dwelling older adults with no known CVD at baseline. | yes |
24,766,915 | Is round block technique a useful oncoplastic procedure for multicentric fibroadenomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Multicentric fibroadenomas, defined as multiple fibroadenomas located at different quadrants of the breast, occur in 10-20% of women with fibroadenoma. The surgical management of multicentric fibroadenomas may be troublesome for surgeons and patients. In this study, we report our preliminary expe... | The round block technique is a useful oncoplastic procedure for the management of multicentric fibroadenomas excised at the same time. | yes |
24,768,021 | Does anterior fascial fixation reduce the parastomal hernia rate after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the rate of parastomal hernia in patients undergoing anterior fascial fixation of the ileal conduit with that in patients without fascial fixation. Limited data exist on whether anterior fascial fixation of the ileal conduit impacts the rate of parastomal hernia.",
"A total of 496 ... | Anterior fascial fixation of the ileal conduit does not reduce the risk of parastomal hernia formation compared with the patients treated without fascial fixation. Surgeons should consider avoiding anterior suture fixation during ileal conduit creation. | no |
24,760,237 | Does use of prototype two-channel endoscope with elevator enable larger lift-and-snare endoscopic mucosal resection in a porcine model? | {
"contexts": [
"Flat and depressed lesions are becoming increasingly recognized in the esophagus, stomach, and colon. Various techniques have been described for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of these lesions.",
"To evaluate the efficacy of lift-grasp-cut EMR using a prototype dual-channel forward-viewin... | The increased lift of the mucosal epithelium, through use of the dual-channel elevator scope, allows for larger EMR when using a lift-grasp-cut technique. Noting the thin nature of the porcine colonic wall, use of the elevator may also make this technique safer. | yes |
24,769,273 | Is serum paraoxonase-1 activity more closely related to HDL particle concentration and large HDL particles than to HDL cholesterol in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"We determined relationships of the anti-oxidative enzyme, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), with high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, and tested whether these relationships are stronger than those with HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes melli... | PON-1 activity is more closely related to the HDL particle concentration or large HDL particles than to HDL cholesterol. Impaired PON-1 activity in T2DM is not to a considerable extent explained by altered HDL subfraction levels. | yes |
24,776,597 | Does quantitative proteomics analysis reveal similar release profiles following specific PAR-1 or PAR-4 stimulation of platelets? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelets are a natural source of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, that regulate angiogenesis and inflammation. It has been suggested that differential release of pro- and anti-angiogenic growth factors from platelet α-granules by protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 4 may be importa... | Both ELISA on established α-granule proteins and MS-based quantitative proteomics showed that the most abundant α-granule proteins are released in similar quantities from platelets after stimulation with either PAR-1 or PAR-4. Our findings provide evidence against the hypothesis that PAR-1 and PAR-4 stimulation of plat... | yes |
24,776,599 | Does the tumour suppressor Ras-association domain family protein 1A ( RASSF1A ) regulate TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac contractility. Although cardiomyocytes are known to express the TNF-α receptors (TNFRs), the mechanism of TNF-α signal transmission is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the tumou... | Our data indicate an essential role of RASSF1A in regulating TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes, with RASSF1A being key in the formation of the TNFRC and in signal transmission to the downstream targets. | yes |
24,764,455 | Does the H2.0-like homeobox transcription factor modulate yolk sac vascular remodeling in mouse embryos? | {
"contexts": [
"The H2.0-like homeobox transcription factor (HLX) plays an essential role in visceral organogenesis in mice and has been shown to regulate angiogenic sprouting in vitro and in zebrafish embryos. We therefore examined the role of HLX in vascular development in mouse and avian embryos.",
"In si... | Our findings indicate not only that Hlx regulates sprouting in vitro, but that its role in sprouting is nonessential in vivo. We find HLX is regulated by shear stress and a subtle defect in vascular remodeling is present in knockout embryos. | yes |
24,764,453 | Does tissue plasminogen activator promote postischemic neutrophil recruitment via its proteolytic and nonproteolytic properties? | {
"contexts": [
"Neutrophil infiltration of the postischemic tissue considerably contributes to organ dysfunction on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Beyond its established role in fibrinolysis, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has recently been implicated in nonfibrinolytic processes. The role of this serine ... | Endogenously released tPA promotes neutrophil transmigration to reperfused tissue via proteolytic activation of plasmin and gelatinases. As a consequence, tPA on transmigrating neutrophils disrupts endothelial junctions allowing circulating tPA to extravasate to the perivascular tissue, which, in turn, amplifies neutro... | yes |
24,764,451 | Does btk inhibition suppress agonist-induced human macrophage activation and inflammatory gene expression in RA synovial tissue explants? | {
"contexts": [
"Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is required for B lymphocyte and myeloid cell contributions to pathology in murine models of arthritis. Here, we examined the potential contributions of synovial Btk expression and activation to inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).",
"Btk was detected by i... | Btk is expressed equivalently in RA and PsA synovial tissue, primarily in macrophages. Btk activity is needed to drive macrophage activation in response to multiple agonists relevant to inflammatory arthritis, and promotes RA synovial tissue cytokine and MMP production. Pharmacological targeting of Btk may be of therap... | yes |
24,773,203 | Does modulation of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α protect against alcoholic liver disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic alcohol intake affects liver function and causes hepatic pathological changes. It has been shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-null mice developed more pronounced hepatic changes than wild-type (WT) mice after chronic exposure to a diet containing 4% alcohol. T... | These observations indicate that PPARα plays a protective role to enhance mitochondrial function in response to chronic alcohol consumption by adaptive transcriptional activation and suggest that activation of this nuclear receptor may be of therapeutic value in the treatment for ALD. | yes |
24,759,736 | Is brd4 essential for IL-1β-induced inflammation in human airway epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are key features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Oxidative stress enhances COPD inflammation under the control of the pro-inflammatory redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Histone acetylation plays a critica... | Oxidative stress enhanced IL1β-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 expression was significantly reduced by Brd4 inhibition. Brd4 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory genes and provides a potential novel anti-inflammatory target. | yes |
24,755,659 | Is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor constitutively active in advanced prostate cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Distant prostate cancers are commonly hormone refractory and exhibit increased growth no longer inhibited by androgen deprivation therapy. Understanding all molecular mechanisms contributing to uncontrolled growth is important to obtain effective treatment strategies for hormone refractory prosta... | Together, these results show that AhR is constitutively active in advanced prostate cancer cell lines that model hormone refractory prostate cancer. Chemical ablation of AhR signaling can reduce the growth of advanced prostate cancer cells, an effect not achieved with androgen receptor inhibitors or growth in androgen ... | yes |
24,758,774 | Does phosphodiesterase 2A localized in the spinal cord contribute to inflammatory pain processing? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of the cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Recent studies reported the expression of PDE2A in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, pointing to a ... | Our findings indicate that PDE2A contributes to the processing of inflammatory pain in the spinal cord. | yes |
24,758,773 | Does isoflurane impair learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation via the saturation of synaptic plasticity? | {
"contexts": [
"General anesthesia induces long-lasting cognitive and learning deficits. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The GluA1 subunit of AMPAR is a key molecule for learning and synaptic plasticity, which requires trafficking of GluA1-containing AMPARs into the synapse.",
"Adult male ... | Isoflurane impairs hippocampal learning and modulates synaptic plasticity in the postanesthetic period. Increased GluA1 may reduce synaptic capacity for additional GluA1-containing AMPARs trafficking. | yes |
24,764,694 | Is a prior diagnosis of breast cancer a risk factor for breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers? | {
"contexts": [
"The risk of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is influenced by factors other than the genetic mutation itself. Modifying factors include a woman's reproductive history and family history of cancer. Risk factors are more likely to be present in women with breast cancer than in... | In a woman with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who is diagnosed with breast cancer, the risk of cancer in the contralateral breast depends on the first diagnosis. That observation supports the hypothesis that there are important genetic or non-genetic modifiers of cancer risk in BRCA carriers. Discovering risk modifiers mig... | yes |
24,769,122 | Is handgrip strength but not appendicular lean mass an independent predictor of functional outcome in hip-fracture women : a short-term prospective study? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the contribution of muscle mass and handgrip strength in predicting the functional outcome after hip fracture in women.",
"Observational study.",
"Rehabilitation hospital.",
"White women (N=123 of 149) who were consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation hospital because... | Grip strength, but not DXA-assessed aLM, significantly predicted short-term functional outcome in women after a hip fracture. | yes |
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